Past perfect and future perfect | Learn English | Canguro English

hello and welcome to kangaroo English I'm Christian I'm Rosa and today we are going to be studying the future perfect and the past perfect everything you wanted to know about the future perfect and the past perfect so how are you yes okay good excellent so um what do you do I work as a researcher in a university how difficult can okay so for example what's the typical day for you um things exploding and mixing liquids and no we see see I mix some things I go sampling okay and do instrumental measurements okay sounds very technical yeah you're very boring no I don't say that it's very exciting job how do you feel about the past perfect in the future perfect do you feel confident or no not really because normally I never used them okay you don't use them because um you don't think it's necessary or and I'm not sure when they apply or not err okay well hopefully after we finished today you'll have more confidence to use them in the future so let's let's go and study today we're studying the past perfect and the future perfect right now maybe it seems strange to study the past perfect and the future perfect together but actually they are connected yeah for for for one reason perfect exactly exactly and for also because of the way the way they work they're similar so um the past perfect is the past of the past which is very strange right so can you tell me um three things that you did yesterday so I'm going to draw a little a little line on the board so this is the past and this is today now okay so yesterday you woke up okay okay I went shopping okay good shopping cool and I went to have dinner with a friend okay dinner perfect okay so to understand the past perfect I'm going to introduce the idea of the mental clock okay and um basically if if we talk about one of these events then when we're talking about this event this is where our mental clock is okay so let's imagine you're talking about shopping so give me a sentence to tell me about the shopping I went shopping to all rent okay good I went shopping oops I went shopping in a Remzi perfect so now now that we're using the past tense and we're talking about shopping here I'm going to say this is where our mental clock is at this point so now if I wanted to talk about something for this point I have to use past perfect okay so because this is the past of the past which is here so for this you would say how would you say in the past perfect this one I had high I had had would walk up nice how the world cup good and the participial woken up perfect now one important thing about that's different from past perfect present perfect is that if we use the present perfect it has to be a nonspecific time so I cannot say for example in the present perfect I cannot say um I had eaten dinner at four o'clock because the specific I'm not allowed but with the past perfect I can I can use it for a specific time like I had woken up at 6 a.m. no problems ok and you have to speak about the mental clock or the action of hope well this is the interesting thing about the past perfect is that the if when you use it ok it's not always necessary to to have a previous sentence in in using this this mental clock like what I mean is if if it is obvious from the context that the action is before then you can use past simple when I am on shopping before I went shopping in around I had woken up this is a past perfect before yeah but um if in this case in this case because I'm saying before I don't need to use past perfect I could but it's not obligatory I could say before I went shopping in a Rennes day I woke up you can use past simple because it's obvious yeah so in this way it depends but um but in general especially especially if it's not obvious or you want to emphasize that one action is before another action you should use pass perfect so let's um let's look at the construction for people who don't know how to make the pass / the construction of the past perfect is really easy so we have the subject and then we have the past of the verb to have so I had and in English this only one form there's so it's always the same always had and then we have the participle and again there's only one participle in English so really there's nothing to conjugate there's no conjugations it's the subject and had and participle can you give me an example sentence I had have I have had dinner with my friends good good so here we have the subject we have the the auxiliary and then the participle and then dinner which is the noun at the end now what if we want to make this negative I hadn't have dinner with very good very good so after the auxilary we put not and then we have the negative so I had not had dinner good the lot goes between the auxilary on there and the main verb and what about a question had I had been a really very good so we we take the auxiliary verb and we put it at the beginning with the inversion had is a difficult example I'm her it's very strange right had had yeah so here we have now this is not the verb this is not the verb like possession this is the auxiliary and here we have the to have dinner okay so really I think compared to some other grandma this is quite easy now we're going to look more specifically at some examples of past perfect used with our time clauses now we can see in this example we're using the past simple as we talked as you asked me about before she sat down when she ate okay but the problem with using the past simple in this way is that I don't know I don't know if she ate before or after she sat down because it's not clear it could be that she she was sitting down while she was eating because they're both in the past like there's no there's no order in the timeline but here for me when I read this it's very clear okay because of past perfect that this happened before this okay so the past perfect is really important to to make sure that you have the order of things correct so so this is another example and in this case we are using to to pass simples okay so we bought some pizzas because we heard the pizzeria was good now in this case it's obvious from the context that we heard it was good before we bought the pizzas so in this case to use the present perfect is not wrong but it's optional we know that the past perfect is the past of the past and it's connected in the same way with the future perfect because the future perfect is very good past oh it is a very strange concept right because the future can't have a past but let's look at an example so this is similar to before so but the difference is we have now going into the future okay so do you have any plans for tomorrow what will you do what's the first thing you're going to work ok work sorry bad work and then I'm going to return from Santiago to chanta ok return home yes ok and then and then have dinner with my boy ok very good do you know with your boyfriend's perfect so in this case it's the same thing so imagine we're talking about having dinner tomorrow so can you give me an example with with using the future simple I will have dinner tomorrow my friend ok I will have dinner tomorrow we've what's his name Jose I can't perfect because my boyfriend doesn't fit on there yeah ok I'll have dinner tomorrow with Jose so now in a similar way to past perfect here is our mental clock at this point so now if we want to talk about things before we have to use future perfect so in this case what would we say for return huh I will have returned home very good I will have returned very good very good returned harm exactly so this is all of this is the future so it's the past of the future okay okay so let's look at the construction the construction of future simple again is really easy so we have the subject and then we have the auxilary in the future very good we will have good and then participle very good and so in English again for the future only one conjugation and for this one conjugation so it's really easy and to make the negative exactly we have not here and to make the question we put this at the beginning to make the question so I think really easy to use 95% of the future stir future perfect is used with by because this is how we introduce the concept so for example arm by the time or by 4 p.m. or by the by the end of the month and so all of these these these causes with by they're the most common way to use the future perfect so for example by the time we arrive home we will have eaten or by 4:00 p.m. I will have finished work so using with by is is very common and one of the main uses for the future perfect is to talk about the duration of something in the future like for example how long have you been in your job how long have you worked at your job one year one year okay and so in six months what could you say to talk about the duration you have being my work for one year yeah are you right are you and a half exactly exactly so and you could combine this with by like you could say bye-bye December I will have been in my job for a year yeah so it's really useful to talk about um like things for the future in this way and that's the most common way also we have past perfect continuous and future perfect continuous right but you know they're really easy to understand okay there's three three reasons to use the continuous one is if the action is continuing okay like um for example I with an example for the future at four o'clock I will have been cleaning for six hours so we're saying we're saying at that at that time when when we're speaking the action is still continuing or it's recently finished okay so the same as a present continuous if it's recently finished you would use the the continuous tense or if it's something repetitive like I had been studying English for seven years so yeah I think that's everything you need to know about um past perfect and future perfect what do you think I try to use them in the future but okay I don't promise happy okay well now we're gonna do a little game and you can practice okay okay okay cool now we're going to practice the past and the future perfect okay and to do this I have just some flashcards so if you don't have flash cards at home no problems you could just um use pictures on the Internet you could use anything really okay so I'm just going to randomly put some cards on the table okay so we have an egg a bucket a leaf a bed and a horse okay so we're going to say that this is our time line we're going to start with the past perfect okay so the horse is is now and the egg is is back into the past okay and we're going to use two pencils to indicate now well the climb of speaking our mental clock okay and the other pencil what we're going to talk about okay okay so you can start to talk about any of these things you want you decide okay when I saw that card okay so here's our mental cork okay I had waking up from my bed woken up from my very good because this event is before this event in the past excellent that's perfect okay now I'm going to start so um autumn is my favorite time of year because all of the leaves on the trees they turn yellow and and and they fall off and it's very beautiful very exactly so now I want you to talk about something in the past or something I prefer the future okay so this this isn't the future this is still the past but we don't need to use past perfect because it's after yeah so we just use past simple or past continuous or present perfect so which one would you like to talk about the bed of the horse horse okay when I saw the leaf falling down I went to buy a new horse so the leaves are falling by horse okay that's perfect no it's really good so used past simple because it's some it's not the past of the past it's just the normal past okay perfect now let's imagine the other way so now all of this is the future okay so do you want to talk and start talking about something okay the egg what will you have for lunch tomorrow Rosa bacon and eggs bacon and eggs very English so tomorrow you will have bacon and eggs for lunch yeah now if we're going to talk about any of these things they are after so we can't use future perfect we have to use future simple or future continuous okay so maybe you can talk about one of these things after your bacon eggs after my bacon and eggs I will take the baguette ah I'm clean my windows okay or maybe you clean the kitchen very good and then after you clean the kitchen you will go for a ride on your horse my new your new horse okay perfect so um now um tomorrow I think I will get out of bed at about ten o'clock in the morning and before this before I get out of bed you will have clean your room with the bucket very good exactly exactly because this is the past to the future rasa that is perfect textbook thank you well rasa that was um the class about past perfect and future perfect so how do you feel now I know we'll try to use that in luring my usual conversation okay excellent um well if you would like to see any more classes about Grandma vocabulary pronunciation or if you would like to see more rasa and don't forget to subscribe to kangaroo English ah Thank You Russell Thank You Christy and I'll see you in class

Channel: Canguro English

Views: 57,901

Keywords: canguro, learning english, english grammar, past perfect, future perfect, past perfect tense, future perfect tense

Id: UwJNX4jZlOg

Length: 20min 8sec (1208 seconds)

Published: Sat Oct 10 2015