IELTS Live - Speaking Part 2 - Cue Card Strategies

hi students and welcome to today's live IELTS international English Language Testing system class my name is Adrian and I am streaming to you live from Central Europe according to Central European Standard Time hi satisfying times dr. Maas een NEMA a Tula love Brie good to see many people Bayern me han joining in IELTS speaking part two is the focus for today's class and the materials strategies are sponsored and supported by AE help.com for academic IELTS help check us out there join our premium course where you can get lots of goodies including six original practice exams a fully interactive course in over 100 hours of video lessons G IELTS help calm same idea but focused on the general version of the exam satisfying times I'm doing fantastic today thank you for asking this is our academic website here click that big red button to join it and you'll get this checkout form you can see all of our successful students we have thousands of successful students around the world we're very proud of that this is our general IELTS website click that red button there spend a couple dollars do yourself a favor get lots of help all right everyone let's get into it a little bit if you haven't seen it we do have a new speaking interview video with a candidate from India on the channel that's an HD check that out if you have questions about the exam or our products send me an email adrián a DRI a n @a e help.com marvel gaming five point five keep up the studies marvel I bet you'll get past that and go even higher all right this is our last class for this week worry not we will be back Wednesday with more classes at the same time hi Zeinab hi roshni Preeti and MRG get to see many of our members joining in this classes well let's get to speaking part two here we go so the IELTS speaking section just a quick overview it has three parts it takes about 15 minutes it's a face to face interview worry not the Sun will shine tomorrow be confident practice part 2 because it is unique it's not a typical kind of conversation speaking you have one minute to think about your answers you can write down some notes then you have two minutes to speak you have to speak for two minutes it's very important to show good fluency and a breadth of knowledge about English and your use of critical thinking speaking part 2 this is a speaking class so students as much as possible repeat after me say the words I say ok as much as you can all right thank you for the compliment Chandni beech I appreciate that alright so speak speak speak students repeat me repeat what I say use the words that I use I use West Coast North American English I am raised in Victoria west coast Canada British Columbia so I used the same English that you will hear all along up and down the west coast Seattle Los Angeles San Diego even going north towards Yukon and Alaska we West Coasters have a similar style speaking it's very clear and crisp okay so here we go speaking part two think of a time when you had to arrive early where did this happen when was it what is the reason you needed to be early what did you do during the waiting time you will have one minute to plan your response and you will have two minutes to speak boom off to the races you go the examiner says your one-minute preparation time begins now turn over the card you see the card you read the questions and the first thing that you do is you recognize that you are talking about what what are you talking about in this case generally what are you talking about remember IELTS speaking part two is going to be so part two is either a person place object or an idea or an occasion or an event that's right love Preet that's right dr. Mazzini an occasion or event this is an event and when you talk about an event what do you have to think about in order to be a clear communicator so regardless of the question if I want to tell another person about an event an occasion what elements should I have to include so what elements do I need to remember time of the event yes absolutely so time and notice that's in the question right when was it so if you think about these key elements you will think about the questions on the card so you're talking about an event you're thinking time samuel sample it says who was with you or who was there yeah attendees right the people okay at the event sure gunk I ran nope don't get lost with who where when who and so on yeah location is important satisfying times absolutely location or venue yeah what was the event sure you mean the reason for the event okay what was it right so what was the purpose of the event I think is even clearer way to say it the purpose was it a birthday was it a celebration the purpose and one that a lot of people seem to kind of put into the background but it's the main event it's the most important of all of these is what I don't see the word yet it starts with an A students you have to think about this word when you're thinking of an event you have to think about this word it's the most important one so of all of these elements the most important one is this one it starts with an A not after not appearance action is OK hyung you're close but still nobody has given me the correct word it's not action there we go hyung you got that from that tip close very good now a few people roof at absolutely even better it's plural activities all right what was going on at the event if it's a wedding fantastic but what were you doing dancing singing eating playing games what were you doing giving a toast what happened ok focus in when you're talking about an event we're talking about activities ok activities keep that in mind alright so in my one minute this only took me 5 2 set 3 seconds ok I'm gonna break this down so that you know the timing here ok so reading the card it took me 10 seconds 15 7 8 why 10 seconds ok shouldn't be spending more than 10 seconds to read the card clearly so let's break this into your 1-minute preparation time okay so one minute preparation time in ten seconds I read the card count it okay think of a time you had to arrive early where did this happen when was it what is the reason you need it to be early what did you do during the waiting time that took about 10 seconds I realized I have one two three four questions okay so that took me 10 seconds I just take three seconds to recognize okay this is an event I practice this at home I know I need to talk about its time the people that were there the location the reason for it and the activities that happen there okay that only takes three seconds in my mind great I have lots of time I have 47 seconds left okay so I have 47 seconds left there's no missing questions but you there's no hard rule on how many questions the card has okay now in the next ten seconds what should I do okay so I'm using my first 23 to 25 seconds for this what am i doing in my next 10 seconds so I have these two critical elements down for Dobbs very good for Dobbs Nubble yep says determine some topics think of a few different topics visualize and think of a few different answers that are unique and easy to talk about again I'm practicing this at home so it should go fairly smoothly in 10 seconds I should be able to think of a few so let's have some examples what are events where we arrive early okay what are some common events that come to mind were you like oh yeah that's when I arrive early okay yes II suck you must answer all the questions otherwise you'll be losing points that's right dr. Maas in think about what nine of ten people would answer to this right so think of what most people may say all right so where so somebody says arriving early to a marriage celebration all right sure we'll take that all right ah Kawa sheet says traveling that was a very good one for Dobbs says to the airport even more specific airport yeah okay arrive early for a flight Renu says writing early to a birthday perhaps I think maybe more on time for a birthday any other symposium Esther Cyril okay that's kind of a fancy one symposium sure why not just make sure you can talk about it Oh Chintan says concert I still don't see a very common one that we all arrive early to and there's another really easy one here ladies and gents I still don't see it among all those concerts is okay but that's not the one I'm thinking so a concert sure a cricket match a sports game an exam potentially airport torque on we had that's a good one all right sports match is not a bad one always be specific students if you're gonna go sports match go for something specific like a couple of you said cricket or football sure okay ah there we go dark Mewtwo very good home very good there's a couple of duh there we go now you're now you're going with the clear easy one movie okay sure so we have lots beautiful very good job students so we have marriage airport birthday symposium concert exam football and a movie to the movie theater of course with that one to be very clear now you have to decide this is happening all in ten seconds you have to decide what is your choice so which one of these are you going to choose which one is the best when you make your choice students do keep in mind the questions okay so here are the original four questions and when you make the choice okay pay special attention to choice or sorry to question three and question four okay what is the reason you needed to be early and what did you do during the waiting time pay really careful attention to those last two questions when you're making your choice so that you can speak fluently and clearly for your answer okay I haven't emphasized that to you yet but I'm emphasizing that to you now in this class so pay careful attention to the last two questions especially the last one on the card when you choose what to talk about so keeping in mind those last two questions students what do you think from these choices marriage airport birthday symposium concert exam football movie theater which one do you think are the top choices Chung mean UN says airports probably a good one Khyber says airports a good one for Dobbs seems to like the airport sue definitely enjoys the airport / Jewell says movie theaters not a bad choice hyung says movie theaters a pretty good choice as well yeah students I agree with you see that's how I know that we're all on the same page ecology says maybe an exam is a good one exam is not bad either I would probably go like this so it depends on your vocabulary but I would probably go one two three again with exam you go with something specific like the IELTS exam if you're going to choose that one I think the problem with the exam is that I think a lot of students might choose it okay you definitely want to be unique okay Airport might be one that a lot of students would miss thinking about why do I say Airport is a good top pick even better than movie theater why do you think to rakan says because we have to check in for the flight yep sure so here I have another 35 seconds let's say 30 seconds okay to take some notes so I have 30 seconds remaining in my one-minute preparation time and this will be my note-taking time okay so I have a couple students that said well for the airport will choose the airport okay for today's class and then you can try theater on your own at home okay so we'll go with the airport you'll see why in a second you'll see why that's a top choice okay so check in at the airline right what else do I want to do air so we're checking in for the flight okay okay what else am i doing [Music] what else what else thank you Nima Tula okay there are many points for going to the airport yeah so satisfiying times definitely lots to talk about so passport control baggage check-in there we go now I got some coming up passport control and I think a lot of you know these words because you use them in English Rayden says check out the pretty girls at the airport sure thing Radin just don't miss your flight I'll be quite embarrassing okay I'm checking in the luggage all right what else boarding yeah I think we've got a lot more there there's immigration as well of course sure so this is what you're writing down in your 30 seconds yeah thank you very good time to quit says the duty-free shops okay what else might you do ice maybe some of you because there's a lot of answers coming up but I haven't maybe seen this one yet Nima Tula careful with transfer don't overdo it right yeah there we go dark mewtwo some beautiful answers dark mewtwo it's like you're reading my mind is have some food yeah I don't know about you but I'm not a big fan of airplane food and I try to grab something a little bit better at the airport before I get on the flight num Ching hai Nam Ching hai sorry if I'm not pronouncing your name right it says saying goodbye which is also saying farewell yeah we like to give our hugs and kisses or your boughs or your namaste whatever your custom may be and saying goodbye to your loved ones absolutely absolutely okay so those are all good reasons and another reason finally I see a student coming out with this is luck who would have idea says because it's required and I love Nima to Lessing because we might cry a little bit too when we say goodbye that's true so here we go it is required to be two hours early for international flights yeah sure it's a it's a requirement okay all right so in 30 seconds if I don't get all of these it's okay as long as I get at least some of them as long as I get 60% of these I'm fine okay now make sure to number these so if you have a little bit more time if you're really a quick thinker on your feet and you get these down in 20 seconds you might want to say okay well first of all it's required second of all I want to say goodbye to my loved ones next I want to check in for my flight while I do that I want to put my luggage in then I need to get my boarding pass which I use at passport control perhaps I need to go through immigration and security once I'm through those places I can get at the duty-free shops and maybe before I do that I'll switch with this here so this will be number seven I'll get some food so food first and then if I have a little bit more time I can check out some things in the duty-free shop now this is obviously something that already happens so I might have to make this up but this is very good to do your numbering you want to have clear structure in your two minutes speaking you will get a higher band score it will be more coherent so take a moment out of your 30 seconds and number okay so one two three four five sorry got five twice there I guess five six seven eight nine okay does that make sense students so is that clear what I did there my 30 second note taking time and I might not you know have all this text if I want to cut down a bit on time I can just say international flights two hours okay so I can simplify my notes practice that at home okay all right so I've used 55 seconds of my one minute preparation time what do I do with my last five seconds I've used 55 seconds to get this far I've got five seconds left before hearing those frightful words from the examiner your one-minute preparation time is up please begin speaking so before I do that Ravinder says reread no Ravinder you want to do what for Dobson's I not is saying you want to have your first sentence ready okay so last five seconds get your first sentence ready to go so five seconds get your first sentence ready to go okay now keep in mind your topic here think of a time when you had to arrive early this is a had to so it's an event that happened even if it didn't you have to make it up okay alright then take a deep breath ki-sun and then get going okay so what's your first sentence so think of a time give me a time when you had to arrive early okay so a situation where I clearly were distinctly let's see who's coming up with what location I bet we'll get some real nice variants of destinations here I'll keep it simple so a situation where I distinctly remember having to arrive early was last July when I flew to London and needed to be at the airport check-in for my flight two hours before boarding whoo now that's a sentence students only do a sentence like that if you are very competent in English and you're confident that you can do that okay if you can't and you want to get a good Bend simplify it okay and just write I had to arrive early last July to the airport that's the simple version then you can explain about London and boarding pass this is only if you're an advanced user of English if you are not an advanced user of English keep your first sentence this simple clean and clear no mistakes in your first sentence you do not want to have a bad first impression with your English so if you're going for a bend 6 point 5 to 7 start with this if you're going for a bend eight or higher eight point five nine you might want to start with some information like this okay so again let's practice these together a situation where I distinctly remember having to arrive early was last July when I flew to London and needed to be at the airport to check in for my flight two hours before boarding okay or simpler i had to arrive early last july to the airport i needed to be there two hours early to check in for my flight students full sentences Istanbul and Paris are just locations out of context they mean nothing more than beautiful cities to me alright Hong is asking our life experience is important for good speaking in part to sure Hong I mean life experiences obviously a benefit for many different contexts in life however being creative and being a good critical thinker hyung is just as important as life experiences okay roshni says I had to enter early to the airport because I did not want to miss boarding my flight mess on boarding and miss my flight okay roshni that makes sense sure that works okay I love Preet Singh that's a good sentence it was the month of September when I had to arrive to Dubai Airport early Cape that would be better Luffy we'd never say left feet in the month of September 15 so if we say in the month of students we don't give the day because then it's weird so in the month of just the month no day all right left Preet okay let's see what else other people have written for their first sentences here we go but shoe says I remember it was in February when I had to arrive early to the International trib you Juan Airport yeah again put you in February or I remember it was on February 10th yeah that's okay yeah with on it's okay but you sure okay home says a time where I remember having to arrive early was last month in July when I flew to Thailand two hours early to board came with a little bit of a pause there hyung Nima tula says once I had to be early was three months ago while I was going to Malaysia that works okay so watch your intonation students depending on what you say for Dobbs says I remember that I had to arrive early last month to the airport when I flew to Helsinki and I needed to be there two hours before boarding just a couple of slight Corrections for dogs otherwise it's a nice expression satisfying times says an occasion where I had to arrive early was last February when I flew to Paris it was obligatory that I arrived two hours before the scheduled flight Esther or cereal says I'm going to talk about a time I flew from South Africa to London where I needed to check in before leaving and arrive two hours early okay good very good some really nice nice first sentence of students Preeti says a day I remember when I had to arrive early almost two hours ahead of time was last July when I flew to New Delhi flew New Delhi to Singapore Preeti that's great students don't just listen to me read these but read them and say them with me okay our jeet says I vividly remember that time when I had to visit my friends and flew from Amherst Amritsar Airport to Singapore okay um our jeep there's a couple of words in there that make it awkward check that okay all right so good I have these sentences now I need to keep writing okay I'm gonna keep my first one just remember keep it simple if you're not sure okay so a situation where I distinctly remember having to arrive early was last July when I flew to London and needed to be at the airport to check in for my flight two hours before boarding what would be a good sentence to follow after this so what would be a good next sentence okay remember your notes okay you should have your notes in mind especially number one and two okay so there's my number one and two so I need to put that in two sentences it's required because it's an international flight and saying goodbye or farewell to loved ones okay so write some sentences for me students of course in the real exam and at home when you're practicing this you're saying these not just writing them but it is good practice at home to write down your sentences check for grammar spelling mistakes then save them okay so saying your farewells bidding your friends adieu there's different ways to express this all right not only did the hundred and twenty minutes give me not only is it mandatory to be early for international flights but also this gave me ample time to bid farewell to my wife and children for the two weeks that we would be apart okay so that's what I'm going to say so not only is it mandatory to be early for international flights but also this gave me ample time to bid farewell to my wife and children for the two weeks that we would be apart okay vividly means clearly sorry I can't read the Arabic name but it means clearly vivid is a clear picture okay crystal clear it's a very sharp image in your mind when you vividly remember a situation okay all right let's see Mooney B says last month I went to the airport to drop off my parents and say goodbye Mooney bye think you maybe missed the card or the question that would definitely be confusing to the examiner if you said that okay you are the one leaving at the airport not people that you're dropping off because it's a time that you're having to wait okay Manpreet Sidhu says there were several reasons behind reaching the airport two hours earlier firstly I thought everybody has to pass through security checks not checkups checkups are what doctors do Manpreet those are security checks okay don't use the word UPS that's bit awkward all right yes hyung you can use the word precisely instead of vividly vividly is better hyung than precisely when you're talking about pictures or images in your mind okay all right Souza and szabla again missed maybe we have some new students joining in the card is in the stream description while we're waiting for some more answers I'll let you see it so think of a time when you had to arrive early it needs to include where did this happen when was it what is the reason you need it to be early what did you do during the waiting time so here we're already answering this question what we did during the waiting time which is bidding farewell to our loved ones okay so four doves says it is required to be at the airport two hours earlier for international flights yeah I'm not sure about the taxi booking Preeti says it is mandatory for international flights to reach the airport two hours for security checks it also gave me ample time to say goodbye to my husband and daughter very good Preeti so you're thinking very much along the same lines as I am okay you sock says sock Hussein says I arrived early because it was my first time going abroad and I didn't want to miss anything he sock always tried to think of a better word than anything okay so for example you suck you can say I didn't want to miss any important details okay Esther says arriving early and saying farewell to my loved ones was one part of this memory I will never forget that's right as there again students anything anytime thing avoid those words okay avoid those words that very little value in communication okay so [Music] I was flying from least fed ends Airport in Budapest to Heathrow in London to conduct a two-week education seminar why did I put this sentence in here just now so I decided okay I'm gonna throw this sentence in here why did I do that I was flying from least fed ends Airport in Budapest to Heathrow in London to conduct a two-week education seminar at Cambridge University why did I just decide to stick that sentence in there out of the blue boom oh my god I think that's important I'm gonna put it in there okay all right remember students it's not about your personal feelings it's about making sure to answer the questions satisfying time says to win time and confidence Rushdie says the reason yeah absolutely Rajdeep there's two points that I knocked off here one is the reason that I'm doing this right so the reason for the event is one and don't forget to answer the questions on the card if you miss a question you lose ban points okay so where did this happen when was it I answered the when was it okay I've started answering the what is the reason I started answering this but I didn't end sir the where did this happen specifically so I said that it was at the airport but I didn't say which airport okay so details are important gun chiron absolutely and I really have to keep in mind the questions on that card students in the two minutes speaking time it's a good idea to look at the card and look at your notes way too many students forget to do that they miss a question or they don't answer it completely and unfortunately they lose a band score okay satisfying times order is important but here I can stick this in okay this makes sense I can plug it in there because I'm apart from my children and my wife so a listener might be thinking why why I see at the airport why is he a part from his wife and children and there comes my answer because I'm flying from this Airport to this Airport for a two-week education seminar at Cambridge so it does make sense okay some lis no absolutely not okay some of these asking a good question is it important to follow the order of the questions no definitely not in fact that could work against you it could be really strange if you do that alright so you don't necessarily have to follow the order of the questions but you do have to answer them okay so a perfect band 9 is a combination of answering the questions on the card which are these here and keeping in mind that events are best described as time attendees location venue purpose and activities okay so that's what you have to keep in mind those two crucial elements to get those high high band scores okay all right so now I can keep going what should I talk about next so I distinctly remember the time last July when I flew to London I need it to be at the airport two hours early before boarding not only is this mandatory for international flights but also it gave me lots of time to bid farewell to my wife and children for the two weeks that we were apart I was flying from lease finance Airport to Budapest Heathrow in London to conduct a two-week seminar at Cambridge University what's next Turk on the next live lesson will be Wednesday lessons are Wednesday to Saturday okay fur dog says how about checking and waiting time absolutely for Dobbs yeah you're right so I want to talk about checking in so checking in my luggage and getting my boarding pass right and then what I'm doing during that waiting time so let's write that now okay so here you can combine the checking in the luggage getting your boarding pass going through security so let's start to get all of these out okay Tran Li Bao look very good yeah obviously those are the right steps so let's do that together okay go ahead write some sentences students I'll look back at your sentences as well okay so mm after a heart I think it's maybe one word wrenching no it's gonna be too but I Finn heart-wrenching goodbyes heart-wrenching means like here's your heart right you got your heart and wrench means to wrench the heart it's painful to say goodbye to people you love we say a heart-wrenching goodbye after a heart wrenching goodbye I got mine boarding pass from the flight desk and checked in my larger luggage then I proceeded through security where I waited in a long line for about 20 minutes okay give it detail give it quantitative information use numbers numbers are your friends students numbers gets you high band scores okay notice how often I've used numbers already so I've used numbers in the beginning okay two hours before boarding I use numbers here we would be apart for two weeks okay and then I use numbers again here a two week educational seminar and then I use numbers again saying 20 minutes in the security line those all add value to your communication and clarity numbers are your friend use quantitative language to boost your band score in all parts of speaking okay finally I got to the boarding area where I decided to eat a burger during the time I had left as I'm not a big fan of airplane food okay there we go alright next I proceeded to check out the duty-free shops and I ended up buying a small doll for one of my London colleagues daughters daughter okay so again details paint a picture make that vivid picture of that memory that event for the examiner the better you can do that the better your band score alright let's see what else you've put up there so I see a couple of sentences students I'm showing you a high-level example here but I also encourage you to write your own okay satisfying time says thankfully I arrived early because stamping my passport really took a long time the system was crushing and passed my belongings on the S x-ray I'm not sure what the end of that is but it's okay the first part of it anyway satisfying times Rushdie says before boarding I needed to pick up some goods for snacks in case I got hungry or thirsty on the plane Rushdie finish your sentence on the plane okay so I picked up some snacks a chocolate bar and a bottle of water okay so again Rushdie be specific I picked up a couple of chocolate bars a bag of chips and a bottle of water in case I got hungry or thirsty on the plane Rushdie say it with those details and you will bounce up by a whole band score okay alright see what else do we have hung Lehman then I hit the bar and grabbed a bite to eat as I hadn't had breakfast at home hung really nice you get my super thumbs up firstly for being natural secondly for using some nice advanced grammar hadn't had breakfast at home okay I grabbed a bite at the bar to eat very good hung those are the kinds of sentences that will get you those high band scores alright pachoo says after departure from my love I waited in a queue for 20 minutes to check in my luggage and go through security okay but you notice the corrections to the second half of your sentence there all right so what should I do at this point so I've gotten this far what do I do what do I do now so I'm talking talking talking I'm using up my notes I'm making sure to give detailed information what do I do the examiner hasn't stopped me yet what do I do now have I run out of ideas time to quit says time to finish love it yeah it's probably getting close to a finish but before I finish time to quit what do I do satisfying time says give some more details love preach says talk about getting some food and water hyung says maybe wrap it up with a concluding sentence like that's the time that's a time when I had to arrive early it is important to give details to get high band scores absolutely what do I do yeah there we go vanity Shawn awesome I love how you jumped in there late in the game with the right answer check the cue card did I answer all the questions that's what you should be asking yourself at this point so think of a time you had to arrive early where did this happen when was it what is the reason you need it to be early what did you do during the waiting time did I answer all of these questions have I answered all of these yeah I think I have so time to wrap up so this is one memorable time when I had to arrive quite early okay and it's roughly gonna be two minutes so the examiner will stop you okay so I answered the questions yes I'm feeling confident I can wrap it up all right students one more time let's go through it together a situation where I distinctly repeat after me I'll start one more time a situation where I distinctly remember having to arrive early was last July when I flew to London and needed to be at the airport to check in for my flight two hours before boarding not only is it mandatory to be early for international flights but also this gave me ample time to bid farewell to my wife and children for the two weeks that we would be apart I was flying from least Ference airport in Budapest to Heathrow in London to conduct a two-week education seminar at Cambridge University after a heart-wrenching goodbye I got my boarding pass from the flight desk and checked in my larger luggage then I proceeded through security where I waited in a long line for about 20 minutes finally I got to the boarding area where I decided to eat a burger during the time I had left as I'm not a big fan of airplane food next I proceeded to check out the duty-free shops and I ended up buying a small doll for one of my London colleagues daughters so this is a memorable time when I had to arrive quite early in recent okay that's it students that would be your high band part 2 response for that remember the steps to get there okay your one-minute preparation time is extremely valuable practice using it wisely at home okay satisfying times is asking a good question satisfying time says can we talk slowly to win time satisfying times speak natural so speak at a natural speed if you need to speak slower to have clear sentences with clear clean good grammar then yes slow yourself down a little bit okay it's better to speak slower clearly and accurately than speaking quickly with lots of mistakes one more time students it's better to speak slowly clearly and accurately than really really fast with lots of mistakes keep that in mind okay fluency and speed are not the same idea students that's it for me for today for this class amazing participation give yourself a an applause I know it's very challenging to do this in another language so good for you hang in there English will be much more for you than just an IELTS band score it will also mean opening doors for success and happiness in life to a global world that uses English much love to all of you keep up the good studies remember join us for world class strategies and to help you improve communication a ehelp calm for the academic version of the exam G IELTS help calm for the general version spend a couple dollars enhance your thinking enhance your English save yourself stress time and money bye for now everyone have a great rest of your day have a great rest of the weekend much love to all of you

Channel: AcademicEnglishHelp

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Keywords: IELTS, speaking, section, British, accent, part 1, part 2, part 3, high score, fluency, vocabulary, practice, sample, example, explanation, questions, types, complex, IELTS description, examination, dialogue, conversation, test, understand, examples IELTS speaking section, Lesson, Teacher, Learn, Student, Free, Intro, Tutorial, IELTS learning, interview, easy

Id: -9DoNa14jn8

Length: 58min 11sec (3491 seconds)

Published: Sat Aug 03 2019