Defining & Non-Defining Adjective Clauses - Smrt Live Class with Shaun #11

all right hi everybody welcome back or if you're here for the first time welcome for the first time to the smart live class for me it's a Wednesday afternoon here at at the Canadian College of English language in Vancouver wherever you are or whatever time it is I hope you're I hope you're doing well if you're having a good time okay so if you've been here before welcome back if it's your first time I'm your teacher for the next hour okay my name is Sean and of course some of you have probably already met our friendly moderator in the chat Layne is there to assist you if you have any questions throughout the lesson put your questions in the chat and we'll try to help you out as best we can okay so let's get started good to see a lot of familiar faces familiar names let's get rockin here okay so what are we doing today in class let's take a look we're going to start really today today's got a magic word okay the word of the day is define okay that would define is well it's going to define what we do today okay so the word define most of you guys probably know but we're going to talk about kind of the different meanings of define and how it's used and of course like most of my classes it's going to start off with a bit of a rant and I promise you it will all make sense in the end okay so the word define what does it mean to define let's define define all right so obviously the first is to give meaning or to explain the meaning of a word or something like like that you use the dictionary obviously as students you're using the dictionary to find the definition of a word so to define something means to to explain it to give meaning to it but there are other meanings as well for example the word define can mean in this case with this this lady it means to show or to make something clear okay so in this case this woman is trying to define her lips with lipstick we're and she's trying to kind of show them kind of the same way think about some guys wear you know tighter shirts to try to define their muscles not me but other guys all right so define Kimi to to try to show something clearly okay and to define means to clearly describe to describe exactly what something is so in this case this guy maybe he wants to define his role at his job to say exactly what his job is not just kind of a vague job like teacher or a manager but to define exactly what it is that he does okay so the word define can be used to do just that to describe something to make it to make it clear right and we can use the word define to ask questions like this what defines you as a person meaning what what makes you who you are what are the essential qualities of of you okay so are you defined by the clothes you wear and the car you you drive or are you defined by the way you interact with people the way you treat people are you defined by your friendships with others your family and the people around you do they make you who you are do they give meaning to you as a person I know that's pretty deep right so that's the word define and from define the verb define comes the adjective defining now a really common collocation with defining is this term defining moments now in this case defining moments means significant events a really essential thing that happens in your life that again shapes you and makes you who you are for example what are some defining moments in life well graduation is a defining moment getting married perhaps the proposal can be or the decision to get married is a defining moment and of course having babies is a defining moment and actually her this lady's baby belly is is defined by her top here her outfit so these are defining moments and we also use the word defining moment to talk about history significant events in history okay so for example in the chat you guys can throw some ideas the question is what are some defining moments of the past hundred years meaning what are some things that happened that are essential or significant events that shaped the last hundred years are really influenced and affected us really significant stuffs not not little things that that don't really matter but the the important stuff I mean something like going to the moon for example is could be considered a defining moment all right so feel free to discuss that in the chat the I guess the question is why am i why am i talking about this right why am i talking about defining moments well because the word defining has a lot to do with the main lesson for today and as we said to define something means to make it clear and this is what I'd like to to do today is try to make something clear for you I see some some ideas in the chat here Tesla is it is a is a defining moment or the invention of the internet the smart livestream yes exactly this right now what you're watching is a defining moment in history right if you're watching it 100 years from now perhaps okay alright so why are we talking about this here let me clarify let me make it clear to you this is what we're talking about I'm gonna show you two sentences all right the students who watch Shawn's live class can improve their writing skills hopefully I believe that okay and the students who watch Shawn's live class can improve their writing skills all right so two sentences almost almost identical a slight difference here and they in the in the commas right but we're going to talk about today how these two sentences are different and this really connects back to something we talked about in in a class many many classes ago when we were talking about the importance of the comma and punctuation and how it can really change or affect the meaning of a sentence so today the lesson is this defining and non defining adjective clauses so what does that mean and for anybody who's a student smart that is English 125 unit six so this is in the grammar section of unit six and it is it is connected to grammar but this side of things what we're talking about is really more focused on on written use of the language as well because well we're going to be talking about using commas and whatnot okay so defining a non defining adjective clauses what am I talking about here let's get into it what let's start with the simple the basics right let's define an adjective clause what is an adjective clause alright so let's break it down okay an adjective as most of you guys know is a word that describes or modifies another word particularly at a noun in the sentence right think about words like blue or fast these are adjectives a clause as we've discussed in previous lessons is a group of words with a subject and a verb okay so now put those two meanings together and then you get the definition for adjective clause an adjective clause also called a relative clause by some is a group of words functioning together with a subject and a verb that are functioning as an adjective so a group of words together that are describing or modifying another part of the sentence alright so first question coming up from Selma non defining and defining restrictive and non-restrictive yes that's that's that's true that is correct Selma the thing about a lot of the stuff as we have more than one term for some of it as I said with adjective clauses and relative clauses you're absolutely right so for today we'll use the terms defining and non defining and we use the term adjective clause rather than relative clause just because I find adjective clauses a little bit clearer right because it's just a clause functioning like an adjective stuff the clause here who was sitting in the corner is considered an adjective clause because it's describing man okay so you're describing man with that clause and here's some other examples of adjective clauses right tennis which is my favorite sport this gave food that many people eat daily Louis or Lewis maybe whose brother is a doctor now all of these clauses are describing the nouns that come before them and therefore they are considered adjective clauses and today we're going to be talking about the difference between the two types because if you're looking at this screen you've probably noticed already that there's a difference right that in this case some of them have commas and some of them don't okay so let's discuss that as you probably notice at the beginning of the lesson I put two different types up there you've got defining adjective clauses is the first type so a defining adjective Clause think about what we're talking about with the meaning of defining there that's important the example in this case the students who watch Shawn's live class can improve their writing skills this is called a defining adjective clause and I'll explain why in a moment a non defining adjective Clause is this one the students who watch Shawn's live class can improve their writing skills and really the only difference in what you see between defining and non defining is the commas okay so let's let's break it down let's talk about how the commas or lack of comments can affect the meaning in the in the sentence okay so let's start with defining adjective clauses all right what are the defining adjective clause well what makes it defining is that it's necessary just like those defining moments they're essential things okay so a defining adjective Clause is necessary information it explains which person or thing that you're referring to so we need the information in order to understand clearly which person or thing we're talking about and with a defining adjective clause you don't use commas there's no punctuation for a defining adjective clause okay so let me give you an example look at these wonderful people and so nice okay here's my sentence the girl lives on my street okay so the girl lives on my street if I said this sentence and you're looking at this picture if you're curious at all of course your first question is going to be well which girl right because there are there are three females in this picture so we have to clarify which girl am I talking about so we need more information so let's take that sentence away let's put in a new one that's more specific okay now this is better the girl who is wearing red lives on my street so in this case who is wearing red is an adjective clause you've got who is the subject and is is your verb and it's modifying the word girl it's explaining which girl I'm talking about so I need this information in order to understand which girl we're talking about okay and that is the nature of a defining adjective clause without this information I don't have enough to understand the speaker or the writer all right um let me show you another example so here we go the man who sat next to me was very friendly so again in this case who sat next to me is a defining adjective clause because I need it to understand the subject man right which man well the man who sat next to me okay another one I love those I love the shoes that you are wearing again in this case that you are wearing I need that to understand which shoes you're talking about without that adjective clause again I don't have enough information I would say which shoes what shoes are you talking about and one more the place where we stayed was really nice and again where we stayed is an adjective clause that's describing or modifying place to make it easier for you to understand what I'm talking about so in this case the relative clauses that we are the relative pronouns rather that we use for these adjective clauses are things like who that which where who's and so on okay this is the defining clause now what's the difference between this and a non defining clause other than the commas obviously okay so the difference is that a non defining adjective clause is extra information so we are inserting we're adding extra information to a sentence but it's not necessary to understand which person or thing were referring to so it's it's fine to have the information it may be very interesting but it it doesn't it isn't required in order to fully understand the sentence and because we're adding information that's not necessary much like we talked about Ana lesson about commas a few lessons ago you have to put it between commas if it's extra non-essential information put it between commas okay so let me show you an example London which was the host of the 2012 Olympics is visited by over 15 million people each year so in this case I've put commas here because the adjective Clause which was the host of the 2012 Olympics I don't need that information to understand London all right if I say London you know what I'm talking about right you wouldn't say which London all right well actually some of you might be saying well hang on hang on Sean what about what about London Ontario Canada right home birthplace of Hollywood actor Ryan Gosling and star of The Notebook the most romantic movie in history what about poor old London Ontario well the answer is none of you thought that because well sorry - London Ontario but you you aren't going to assume it if someone says London you're going to thank red buses the Queen fish-and-chips the I it's London so in this case I don't need to clarify which London I'm talking about okay I have a question coming in not so much a question Selma thinks I look like Tobey Maguire I guess that's that's okay I'm okay with that yeah as long as it's not like when he turns bad in the third movie I hope I didn't ruin that for you but okay I think I would rather I think I would prefer to look like Ryan Gosling than Tobey Maguire but that's that's my problem I guess okay so London England we don't need that clause in order to understand London and that's why we put in commas and that's it that's as simple as that so if you don't need the information to understand which thing or person we're referring to just put that information in commas and and you're good okay now the tricky thing obviously is that it's not always as easy as London right sometimes you're using nouns that might be a little bit trickier and sometimes it might be up to you to decide do I need this information in order for the reader to understand who I'm talking about okay so let me show you this sentence here the man who I had never met before chatted with me for the entire flight so if I put this information between commas like this what I'm saying is that you don't need the information between the commas to understand which man I'm talking about so if I write this sentence I have to decide the person I'm talking to or speaking or writing to rather understands which man okay and that's kind of a judgment call that you have to make now in this case you might be saying well how do we know what man you're talking about Shawn which man which men are you talking about well if you had been listening to me a couple minutes ago I told you I told you which man right the man the man who sat next to me was very friendly all right so in that case I've already told you about the man all right okay so I don't have to tell you again what I can do is just give you another sentence about the man but now I can add information in there all right so it's yeah it's kind of up to you to decide it um what the what the reader needs to know or not okay oh no I'm so funny so that's up to you now do I have another example here perhaps I do yeah one more example all right my friend Roberto who is from Brazil loves to play football now in this case again I I don't need this this information to understand Roberto because he's my friend and well his name is Roberto so typically I would say with non-defining clauses we I would say we use non-defining clauses with names of people or proper nouns more often because typically the name Roberto I'm using to identify who I'm talking about there okay so typically with a person's name you're going to use a non-defining relative clause unless you know well I guess perhaps I could say Selma there are many Selma's in the chat I don't know which Selma I'm talking about I could say Selma I don't even know if I can say Selma from Algeria I think there might be more than more than one so I don't know it's it's kind of up to you to decide all right so let's talk about a couple other differences and then I'm going to get you guys to do some work for me okay so a few other things that are different between defining and non defining all right non defining adjective clauses are not that common and spoken English usually like that previous sentence you probably just say my friend Roberto loves to play football he's from Brazil you don't typically insert information like that when you're speaking casually to friends if you're talking more formally to people you may use a non-defining relative clause in speech but I'd say it's much more common in in writing if however you do use a non defining clause just make sure that when you're speaking you're just putting pauses at the commas right the computer which I bought yesterday cost me over $2,000 okay that's not true I did not buy a $2,000 computer yesterday and David who's sitting over there works as a technician okay so just if you in speech make sure you've got that pause there if there's no pause then that's going to sound like there's no comma there all right one other difference and then I'm going to get you guys to do some work now this is my sentence about London okay you notice that in the relative clause I use the word which now a big difference between defining and non defining relative clauses or adjective clauses is that in non defining you cannot use that you can't say comma and then that with a non defining adjective clause alright so just stick to which and you'll be you'll be okay as put which back in there and that is good okay so these are a few differences but rather than just sitting here listen to me talk all day how about I get you guys to to get your hands dirty get in there and do some work for me okay so I'm going to get Layne to share the link for some practice and I'm going to open up my copy so that you guys can see it on the screen okay well we'll start easy maybe and then we'll get a little bit more creative as we as we go let me make this nice and big so everybody can see it so here you've got how many I gave you six six sentences here all right six actually six pairs of sentences with each one you've got two sentences and what you need to do is combine the two making one of them an adjective clause so you have to decide does it need to be defining or non defining okay so do you need this information to understand the person or thing I'm talking about or is this just extra information that you're adding just to make your symptoms more interesting okay so the first one we'll do together we said andrew is a great guitarist andrew has been my friend for many years so I'm going to take andrew out of there I'm going to take this whole thing here I'm going to drag it put some commas just like that and easy breezy just like that Andrew who has been my friend for many years he's a great guitarist now again I'm using the non-defining relative clause because this information is not necessary to identify which Andrew I'm talking about okay we don't need to define Andrew his name is enough if someone wants to ask a follow-up question say well who Andrew who then you can just add the last name or something like that but we typically don't use defining clauses with with names mmm leticia question coming in from Leticia and the question is when is information essential yeah I mean that's a good question and sometimes that's going to be up to you okay so you have to decide basically the the information is essential if the person you're speaking to or the person who's reading your sentence needs to understand which noun you're talking about okay so as we said Leticia with London really no information about London is essential to identify London right when we say London we know which city we're talking about so that's kind of the the trick is you have to decide do I need this information to define or identify the noun or not or will the person I'm speaking to understand who I'm referring to for example if you guys write my name in the chat if you say I have a question for Sean I mean Lane's not going to ask you Sean who write because you understand who you're talking to so you wouldn't need to use information to identify me right so any adjective clause you write about me is probably going to be a non defining clause because everybody knows who I am well everybody here right now hopefully hopefully everybody watching knows who I am all right so let's get back into that Letitia I hope that helped if not let me know and I'll try to clarify you've got six more sentences five more sentences here to go I'm going to pop out of the chat give you guys a break from looking at my face I'm going to put the happy music on and I want you guys to combine these sentences make adjective clauses maybe defining maybe non defining and put your answers in d chat and then we'll go over it together okay so get to work and I'm out of here you all right and I'm back good work everybody lots of stuff coming in to the chat okay let's go over some of the stuff together now how looking at the sentences and most of them the answer is quite clear but honestly I'm looking at B and we could we could argue about which one is a better answer honestly but I see some good answers coming in the interesting thing is that Yaroslava and Paul both put in answers and they're different but I would say they're both very possible okay so some of you think that it's essential information and some of you don't so this is a good example of when it is it kind of depends on you it depends on the context of the sentence and the situation for you to decide do I need this information or not so some of you said this let me put that up here and said some of you went with defining and said the laptop that is sitting on the table is brand new and that's fine if if there are multiple laptops right which in this case I mean at our school if you go into a classroom there are laptop's everywhere so you may need a defining clause in that case and a couple of you went with non-defining and did that and said the laptop which is sitting on the table is brand new and you could argue for both honestly as long as you understand that if you put this this first 1b or this one with the non-defining be that the reader has to understand which laptop you're talking about perhaps there's only one laptop in the room and that's fine okay now a couple of them the rest of them I think are a little bit more straightforward so my hero is the astronaut Buzz Aldrin let's see an answer from Sabrina who has been to spend time in order to do the astronaut yeah good so I think he went like this Sabrina and said the astronaut Buzz Aldrin who has been to space many times like this is my hero good but put a period period there so the astronaut Buzz Aldrin who has been to space many times is my hero all right that was Sabrina's a answer yeah that's good and Mohammed's answer Buzz Aldrin my hero he is the astronaut who has been to space many times that's good too yeah lots of options coming in really good okay good stuff and again if you guys have questions coming in then yes and send them my way and I'll try to answer them so Dee Selma says astronomy which I'm interested in has been studied for thousands of years and that's fine that's good I'm really good another real easy way to do it would just be like that I'm interested in astronomy which has been studied for thousands of years okay now that one the way I did it I'm going to talk a little bit more about that later okay so that but that's good and some of your answer is is great - okay a couple more e the house the haunted house you see a couple more here okay Chateau seven welcome back good to see you and you said the house which my girlfriend lives in is haunted good so the house I would say you know what this is this is a good example of the question you were asking Chateau seven you asked if if you can use we're in the in the non-defining clauses and you certainly can you can use we're in both defining or non defining and you could say the house where my girlfriend lives is haunted by ghosts you could say something like that to the house where my girlfriend lives is haunted by ghosts now in this case I'm using a defining clause to describe specifically what house I'm talking to or talking about rather referring to okay and another example another answer which is again perfectly fun let me copy this and this is coming from bird again I don't know if I'm pronouncing your name correctly but let me let me show you here my girlfriend lives in the house which is haunted by ghosts now in this case I might change that ooh well I put it in the wrong place tonight there we go let me drag that down here there we go my girlfriend lives in a house which is haunted by ghosts that's a good use of an adjective clause as well good and the last one F Eduardo what do you got my friend who is known to often exaggerated stories spotted Bigfoot okay this is this is good let me put this one up here Eduardo very nice now in this case my friend who is known to often exaggerated stories possibly you may be using this information to identify which friend you're talking about maybe but I don't know if that's the best information to use identify which friend you're talking about right you've got a friend over here who exaggerated sin a friend who doesn't maybe but I think it makes more sense to put it in commas here and say my friend who is known to often exaggerated stories spotted Bigfoot last year okay or last weekend rather okay and I think a bunch of people have a similar answer to that right yeah Mary Ann your answer was the same my friend who is known to often exaggerated stories good okay so Lucy Anna has some questions about yeah here the astronaut Buzz Aldrin now I wouldn't say you necessarily need the comma there I like to put commas though between kind of the the name and the title like my friend Dave I might put a comma after that luciana but I know that you didn't put it in your answer and that's and that's fine too good okay so this is this is really good guys good work so let me go back into the presentation because I have more information to share with you about these adjective clauses okay let me open this up and then if you guys have more questions we're going to go back to that document so don't worry if you have if you have more questions and we can talk about that okay let me go way down here to other differences let's go to my buddy with the thumbs up here because it is time once again for the mistake of the week alright the mistake of the week now I'm going to give you a little bit of a hand here a little help this mistake is connected to what we're talking about adjective clauses okay so this isn't so much can you spot the mistake all right I'm going to take the respond to there it's can you explain the mistake all right so I'm going to put a sentence up on the screen and I'm going to disappear for 10 seconds or so and I want to see some answers in the chat is this sentence wrong okay obviously you're going to see pretty quickly what the mistake is but I want a clear explanation as to why it's a mistake okay so here's the sentence people who enjoy their jobs are usually satisfied with their lives okay discuss that in the chat why is that a mistake I'll give you ten seconds and then I'll come back all right get to it by all right lots of chatter in the chat this is good so yeah obviously a lot of you decided the mistake was the the commas which is true I was kind of looking for why right why are these commas a mistake and some of you put some some good stuff in there right so you guys said it's you you don't put commas there because it's not extra information I think is what Paul said right that it's um it's a defining clause and why is the question why why do we know that this is a defining clause because before I mentioned that sometimes it's up to you to decide right when we were talking about the man or the computer the laptop sometimes it is up to you to decide is this information essential or not okay but other times it's it's not a choice right and in this case I would say this is not really a choice I think this is essential information because if you took that Clause away then you would have a very general statement right you would say people are usually satisfied with their lives and that really changes the meaning of the sentence that I'm trying to put out here right so what I'm trying to say is specifically what kind of people are satisfied with their lives right I'm narrowing it down and making it less general so who enjoy their jobs is essential to understand which people are satisfied with their lives because not everybody enjoys the job I know that double not me personally but I know that some people don't enjoy their jobs and I know that some people aren't satisfied with their lives which is unfortunate for them but in this case you need that information so the really the the moral of the story here the point is you need this information in order to avoid making general statements okay watch out when sometimes when students put the commas down they're creating this kind of generalization that you have to watch out for so on that point look at these two sentences really quickly tell me which one of these is correct and why again I'm going to pop out of the chat or pop it of the screen rather for 10 seconds talk it talk it over amongst yourselves which of these sentences is correct and why okay member all right good stuff good stuff guys so yeah a lot of you identified the first one as correct so men who have stressful jobs have a high risk of heart disease and that is that is correct the first one is right the second one is not and again here's why just to clarify because this is the whole point of what we're talking about today is that the first one is correct because this clause is essential it's defining what type of man could have a high risk of heart disease because not all men have a high risk of heart disease and not all men have stressful jobs right some of them do some of them don't so that's why the first one is correct and the second one is a generalization in this this second one here because that's considered non-essential information what I'm saying is men have a high risk of heart disease with which is not entirely true okay it depends on what type of men men who have stressful jobs men who don't exercise enough men who eat too much fast food for example more specific and in that case you don't use the commas there right okay I don't really have I don't know if I have a stressful job Blane no no if Lane is Lane you have a stressful job yeah yeah maybe I don't know Julie is lying down again right he sees on three chairs so it's hard to say but some people have stressful jobs for sure so how about how about this let's let's do a little bit more practice with these non-defining clauses here okay um let's get back into the document I'm going to get you guys to do another exercise back here actually here let me go to my copy all right everybody go to part two for me now this is just non-defining relative clauses and this will allow you to get a little bit more creative here okay so I have put oh it looks like mark has a stressful job yeah I know I feel bad feel bad for mark he's got a very stressful job yeah I think he's working you working right now mark maybe yeah so in part two it says add non-defining adjective clauses to the following sentences you've got six sentences each of them require don't require information to understand but I want you to add more information just to make the sentence print perhaps more interesting so the first one for example she was born in Korea so what can you say about Korea we can keep it simple which is in Asia for example okay she was born in Korea which is in Asia I know it's obviously very simple but that's fine so just add a non defining clause to each idea each sentence try try a little bit harder than I do there to crank out something easy show me what you got show your range okay show show what you can do with these four sentences and if you have questions put them in the chat when you write your sentence put them in the chat and we'll put them up here on the screen and talk about them together okay so give me some non-defining adjective clauses and I'm going to disappear once again go for it okay good stuff lots of good answers coming in on the chat let's put some of them up here so let me get something for for be alright Maryann said Obama who is a fan of spider-man is that right I don't know if that's right but that's yeah okay so let me see some answers here let me put one up for Sabrina so this one Obama who was the current President of the United States he's my brother all right good one I make that capital S and capital u for United States but that's good let me put another one up here from yo mera you put one more answer up here Obama who is the first African American president is the current President of the United States that's right good good stuff all right and I've seen lots of good stuff coming in I can't put them all up here but that's that's really good good stuff okay so what about see the revenant what do you have for the revenant all right all right Mary Ann I'll put yours up here the revenant which won the award for Best Film 2015 co-stars the gorgeous actor Tom Hardy yes Tom Hardy he's not so gorgeous in the revenant but I'm sure he's a good-looking man why not he's a talented guy perfect good one all right what else who else do we have here we got Lex Lex al I'll put yours up here all right the revenant which I didn't watch won the award for best film of 2015 that's good yeah just always make sure when you're using the I pronoun to capitalize it okay which I didn't watch I might even say rather than didn't watch I don't know maybe I would say haven't haven't watched because you may possibly still watch it who knows all right this is good all right coffee coffee coffee coffee Luciana ants are coming in from you let me put it up here coffee which is Sean's favorite drink is a common beverage around the world that is true both both things are true Linda let me put Linda's up here coffee double that e there coffee which tastes good is a common beverage around the world also true I agree with both of those really good all right what about e Chateau seven I like this one it's from Chateau seven the Mona Lisa which resembles my grammar teacher from afar is one of the most recognizable images in the world hopefully I'm not your grammar teacher but I don't know if that's a good thing or not I don't know is the Mona Lisa beautiful lady I'm not I'm not sure but that's a good sentence Chateau seven Eduardo I'll put yours up here too so really good answers coming in here guys Oh Stella the Mona Lisa which I stole is one of the most recognizable images in the world good just get that ass off recognizable put a period at the end and you're good all right and of course the most important sentence of the batch is f sean is a wonderful person what what have you put here so Shawn is a wonderful person who teaches English sure lots of stuff here ok how about this I'll put the I'll put this one here this is this is a given some crazy some crazy sentences coming in but this one's good um Shawn who is hiding right now behind the screen is a wonderful person I'm going to take that w make it a lowercase and and that's great so a couple questions coming in these are really good guys Paul is asking can you add extra information twice in a sentence yes you can you can add as much information as you want to a sentence just make sure that it's still easy to read okay you have to not get too crazy with it but yeah you can you can definitely add more than more than one adjective clause to a sentence yeah good Paul um so what specifically was the sentence Obama who was president like spider-man inside information is yeah now your sentence there Paul is a little bit too much I don't think I would put them back to back like that adjective clause and then adjective clause and then adjective clause I would be careful of it make it try to make it as clear as possible okay okay so how about there's one more thing I know that it's it's it's been an hour but before we run I am going to go back into the presentation to get you guys set up for the the next thing because there is one more thing that I want to mention about adjective clauses non-defining adjective clauses before we go okay so let me bring you down here for where are we yeah take up the screen here one more thing before you go okay and that is non-defining adjective clauses and this is something I kind of mentioned earlier can modify an entire idea not just a noun so the non defining adjective Clause can come at the end of a sentence and rather than just modifying the noun that comes before it it's modifying the whole sentence or clause that comes before the the call of the adjective clause okay so let me explain let me show you an example before we run okay this is an example it was raining on our wedding day which forced us to change the plan so in this case the adjective clause which forced us to change our plan is modifying not just day not just wedding day but it's actually modifying the whole sentence the fact that it was raining on our wedding day forced us to change our plan okay so that's a difference between defining and non defining and here's one more example he offered me a drive home which was very kind of him okay so again which was very kind of him is modifying he offered me a drive home so the whole sentence is being described or or clarified or or explained okay so that's a little thing that I thought I would leave you with at the end of class because again is so sad to see everybody go but it has been an hour it is time for for us to say goodbye and but perhaps actually one thing before I go is you will probably notice that in that document that you guys have whoops I disappeared there we go you do have a third exercise if you if you copied the link I gave you four more sentences and for homework this week if you want to practice this concept of putting the non defining adjective clause at the end of the sentence you can do that with these three sentences so I accidentally deleted my essay so what happened what could I say I accidentally deleted my essay which forced me to start from scratch okay start from scratch from scratch meaning from the very beginning so you can get creative you can do whatever you want just add some kind of non defining extra information at the end of the sentence to modify or comment on the whole clause that comes before it okay and you can do that for practice through the week and if you want you can give me your answers next week when we come back for more for more class okay so yeah so sad to say goodbye but it is time but I will stick around in the chat for a couple minutes after I disappeared from the screen as usual okay if you guys have any more questions I'll answer them there and hope to see you next time keep practicing your English keep writing keep reading keep checking us out on on Facebook learn English on Facebook keep watching Marx class of course in the morning and and we'll see you next time okay thanks for watching

Channel: Smrt English

Views: 57,203

Rating: 4.9184432 out of 5

Keywords: English, English Lesson, Live English, English Class, Writing Skills, Adjective Clauses

Id: ZMfTt-WPNfI

Length: 64min 58sec (3898 seconds)

Published: Wed Apr 06 2016