Why students fail IFR checkrides (GPS)

welcome to part one of a three-part series all about why I think students fail their instrument truck rides or at least why they fail their mock check rides with me when I'm getting them ready for the instrument check ride so those three reasons are one GPS to alternate planning and three approaches before we start talking about that I do want to harp on one very important FOI concept foi for those of you that are unfamiliar stands for fundamentals of instruction fundamentals of instruction is the first thing you do when you are learning how to be a CFI basically all about the psychology of teaching and learning and just like Meek Mill said there's levels of the stuff concept that I want to talk about is the basic levels of learning the levels of learning basically outline how good you have learned certain concepts or information it's not just you've learned something and that's over there's you know like I said levels to it those levels are rote understanding application and correlation that's straight out of the aviation instructors handbook after to page 13 has a nice diagram laid out that talks about four levels rope basically means memorization you're able to regurgitate information and repeat things back but you might not necessarily understand things and then once you've transcended pass road you might actually comprehend the material but here's the thing that's where most people stop I have read the book I've used flashcards and I kind of get it but when you're on a check ride you're not being tested on those levels of learning you're being tested on the upper levels of learning which are the application and correlation levels the application level learning means that you've memorized it you can comprehend it but now you can also apply it to your actual flying and that's kind of where scenario-based training comes in as most of us know scenario-based training is becoming huge with the FAA because they want people to be able to they want people to be prepared when they go out in the real world and they're flying airplanes and there's actual human life and million dollar asset State and then beyond that is the top level which is correlation it means that you can use things that you've experienced in the past or things that you're going to experience in the future to associate all of these concepts you've learned and that's basically how you become an expert on something and lastly what I want to say is if you can't explain or teach something simply you probably don't really have a full understanding I want to talk a little bit about checkride studying techniques your techniques when you are studying or preparing for a check right should not be simply to read the book read the P hack read the airplane flying handbook or use flashcards or Quizlet or anything like that that is an essential part of learning but that is not what is going to get you the pass a check ride again you're being tested on your application and correlation levels of learning when you get ready for a check ride you should be tutoring or teaching grab a student pilot another friend or a buddy at your flight school and teach them practice explaining things practice scenario based questions explain to them what you would do if you were here and you lost radios and how you know that everything should always have a reference or a resource everything should always had a reason and it should always be safe I can tell a major difference in students that come in that have practiced teaching somebody else and somebody that has just read the book because generally if you just read the book and you can only regurgitate you can't use the information right therefore it kind of comes off like you actually didn't study so that's how you can study better for any check read not even just instrument commercial private whatever teach and tutor that will help you get where you want to go okay enough of that GPS so I'm just gonna start from scratch the way that I teach GPS if I was gonna teach a student from the beginning and then I'll end it with how you can apply all of that knowledge to a check ride into real life so I'm not an expert on GPS I'm not even an expert pilot I'm just a flight instructor but I can guarantee that if you can absorb the video that I'm giving to you right now then you're probably gonna have a good chance of passing your check right or at least not making the same mistakes that my students have made in the past if you look at Wikipedia or any GPS resource that comes from any aviation publication gonna tell you something about a 24 constellation satellite and six orbital planes blah blah blah that's pretty rote it's important to know what I guess but that's not really our end goal so that's what it is it's a navigation system that satellite base that is able to tell us where we are but here's the problem about GPS the problem with GPS is it doesn't really have any inherent ability to check its own accuracy so that's where things like rain and wasps come in rain and wasps are completely separate there are two completely different things but they at the end of the day they kind of achieved the same goal which is to ensure the accuracy of GPS signals rain stands for receiver autonomous integrity monitoring now I want my students to understand is what they can get with what number of satellites for example if only two GPS satellites were available what information could you get only three were available and so forth if you only had two you can get a general idea of where you were on the globe I wasn't around I've never been around for when only two satellites were available so I don't really know what that looks like with three satellites you could get a 2d two-dimensional position of where you were on the globe with three satellites which I just said if you had four satellites you could basically have a 3d position meaning you had three accesses that could try to ladder at your position and then you could also have vertical information which would be your altitude now here's where things get a little bit tricky and rain actually comes into play if you have five satellites available and rain available then you have an algorithm based integrity monitoring system that's a lot of big words basically it's able to tell you if your signals accurate or not one question that students get messed up on is how do you know one of the signals is inaccurate as you have rain which means it's monitoring the integrity of your satellites you have that capability what happens if it's not accurate a lot of students can't answer that basically what happens is I can only speak to the g1000 avionics package because that's what we have in our airplanes you get a yellow LOI on HSI looks something like this and basically LOI stands for loss of integrity it's telling you the signals not accurate it might not be completely wrong but it's not accurate enough for them to want you to keep using it if I have six satellites available and Drain capabilities that means I have something called f d e f d e stands for fault detection exclusion this is where one of the satellites can kick a bad satellite out if it was monitoring all the signals and it figured out that one of the satellites was giving off an inaccurate or a bad signal now you still have the integrity monitoring that rain can give you even though one of the signals was bad because you had full six satellites you can continue going about your day and still fly fine however rain is just not that good like I said it's algorithm based I'm not gonna pretend to understand the algorithm but it's able to detect if one of the signals isn't completely accurate on the other hand we have boss wasps is magic wah stands for wide area augmentation system wide area augmentation system is ground-based there is a whole series and system of ground base stations and uplink stations and ground earth stations that basically keep these signals of the GPS satellites accurate but those ground base stations always know where they are so when they try and communicate with the GPS satellite and say hey where am i if that satellite says I'm over there but the ground base station knows it's right here well it can take that difference or the inaccuracies it can develop a correction eventually send it to the satellite and the satellite can correct itself that's why wasps is so much more accurate because it's always fixing itself based off this whole series systems of ground-based and uplink stations etc I'm not super well-versed in the operation of laws but I know how to use it so moving forward why do students fail it's not because I can't understand this that I just explained because they don't know how to apply this information now where students usually get messed up is when the DP asked something like what's the point of having wasps why would I pay the extra money to get wasps receivers installed in my aircraft that's usually what screws them up because they can't apply all this stuff that they know about wasps into their actual flying abilities if you have loss you can do four things one can use GPS as your primary means of navigation this is huge because prior to this GPS was only supplemental you had to use some sort of green needle navigational aid vor localizers to navigate and you could just use GPS as a backup but if you have lost because it's so accurate and so reliable you can use GPS the whole time as your primary means of navigation if you have wasps you can also skip the rain check this is a huge myth that I see among student pilots earliest instrument student pilots and that is they say something along the lines of if I have wasps I also have rain like I tried to harp on a little bit earlier in the video they're not the same thing rain is its own thing wasps is its own thing at the end of the day they do the same thing they insure signal integrity and accuracy but they're not the same so if you have wasps you do not have rain buds you can skip the rain check that's number two if you have loss you can skip the rain check you don't have to go over to your MFD and scroll and tune and push the button that says compute rain availability because you already have all of the accuracy monitoring and integrity monitoring that you would have if you did have rain so if you have lost skip the rain check if you have loss you can file a GPS only Airport as an alternate that's huge because there's a lot of airports are out there that don't have a green needle approach anymore and what I mean by green needle I mean vor or localizer or something radio based a lot of airports out there only have GPS approaches but you can't use those airports in your flight plan to file as an alternate unless you have boss that's number three if you have lost you can file a GPS only Airport as an alternate and last but not least if you have loss you can do precision approaches that's huge lpv approaches if you have wants LP V stands for localizer like precision with vertical guidance or at least that's what I was taught but another thing about this that students usually fail is a DP might ask something like how do you know what minimums you're supposed to use if you're gonna fly this GPS approach if you look at any random GPS approach that has lpv capabilities assuming you had wasps in your aircraft there's a bunch of different minimums there's the LP V there's LM f there's el-medina if there's a live MDA so often times I will ask my students or Aggie PE will ask a student on a check ride what minimums are you gonna use and how do you know students always over complicate this question I can only speak to the g1000 avionics package that we have but how do I know what minimums to fly it will literally pop up on the HSI and tell me what minimums it wants me to fly based off the equipment availability at that given time really before you even conduct a GPS approach you should go over and check the availability of loss and make sure it's active so that when you're doing this approach you can ensure your signals and your information is accurate you're not going to hit anything and you're going to conduct the safe approach to the airport also what you should understand is the accuracies of GPS and what stage of flights depending on where you are in the air whether you are approached in route or terminal and GPS has different accuracies and you need to know those and those accuracies are if you are in the enroute phase how do you know you're in the in route phase well just like I mentioned with LOI it's going to tell you it will literally read en are at least in the g1000 that we fly the in route if you have loss is accurate to three miles terminal how do you know you're in terminal it's literally gonna tell you it'll say right there on the g1000 HSI the terminal part of GPS or if that's the phase of flight that you're in if you have loss is accurate to one mile if you are in approach mode which would be indicated by either L nav or LTV on your HSI that is accurate 2.3 miles and that is on either side well does full scale deflection is 0.3 on one side points around the other so the last thing I want to talk about with GPS is what happens if you are past the initial approach fix or even past the final approach fix and your inbound on the approach and you lose signal integrity you get the LOI what do you do that messes students up a lot because they can't apply any sort of information that we learned you know talk about this entire video to this real-life scenario based question what do you do if this happens the answer is you go missed you no longer have an accurate signal or at least you can't ensure that the signal you're using is accurate so you can't continue the approach you do not turn you can climb but you're going to remain on the lateral course given to you until you reach the mist approach point that's kind of confusing because you're like why would I keep following something that is now I can't even confirm it's accurate it's not necessarily telling you that it's completely broken it's basically telling you we can't ensure its accurate therefore we're giving you the LOI so if that were to happen you can still track that lateral course and climb but you cannot turn until you hit the mist approach point which I will harp on on part two which is all about approaches so make sure to check that out when that comes out anyways that's just my little rants about why I think students fail GPS make sure you understand what you can do if you have loss make sure you understand the differences between rain and loss and what would you do if you lost integrity while you were on an approach thanks for watching I hope this cleared some stuff up about how you should approach understand and apply GPS to your instrument training in your instrument check ride so that you can pass and not die if you have lots of integrity while you're flying an approach all right [Music]

Channel: Grant Weiner

Views: 9,490

Rating: 4.8099999 out of 5

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Id: Vwar7LgUpwA

Length: 15min 27sec (927 seconds)

Published: Tue Dec 31 2019