Tutorial #6 - Stable Flight - Microsoft Flight Simulator

[Music] hi guys squeal here and welcome to episode six of my tutorial series on microsoft flight simulator now the episodes in this series are built on the previous one so if you've not watched the other episodes i strongly suggest you do that the goal of this episode is stable flights that is we're going to discuss and show you and get you to set up an aircraft for stable climb stable flight and stable descent very very important topic in order to take part in this you'll need to spawn yourself in a cessna 152. this is the basic cessna 152 not the aerobat and spawn at renton krnt kilo romeo november tango i'm on runway 3-4 at renton just set the weather to clear skies and the time to midday and then we can go through stuff right so let's get in the cockpit and here we are in the cockpit of the cessna 152 now the stuff we're going to learn today is essentially principles of flying they apply to all aircraft however every aircraft is different and they kind of lay things out a bit differently we're going to go through the cester 152 specifically which is why i've asked you to jump into this aircraft so i can show you exactly where everything is now what does you actually do is you get rid of these yolks here they'll just make life a little bit easier in terms of visibility because we're going to pay attention to this little thing down here quite a bit today which is the elevated trim the elevator trim in real life is something that you reach down with your right hand and um use and it is used to trim the elevator hence the name elevator trim what the heck is the elevator you might be asking well the elevator is this thing right on the back of the aircraft here if i pull the stick back you'll see it pitches up and if i push the nose down it pitches down and it quite literally controls the elevator pitch of the aircraft so if i pull back what will happen is the nose of the aircraft will come up and if i push it down the nose of the aircraft will go down what the trim does is it acts a little bit like think of it like a third hand so instead of say i'll just put the yoke back for a second instead of having to like hold the yoke back in this position what i can basically do is manipulate the elevator you see that marker there so it goes nose up and it will effectively hold it in that position it doesn't really hold it in that position it's a bit more complicated than that but think of it that way if you get this trim set properly you'll be able to take your hand off the control and you won't have to pull back anymore that's what it does how it does it is for another time what i want to do for now though is two things one make sure that you've got a control map to it so you can see i can manipulate it with a button on my stick and two just make sure that the takeoff position there is set for the elevator right so one other thing before we get going here if i just zoom into the instrument uh we're going to focus today on well the main focus today is going to be this the airspeed and the altitude these are our two primary instruments that we're going to be looking at and the effect that we can have on them we're also going to be looking at the attitude indicator and the vertical speed briefly this one is always important you always need to know the attitude of your aircraft but what we're going to talk about is the relationship between power elevator airspeed and altitude we're going to look at the relationship between these things first thing we need though is to have an accurate altimeter so just press the b key on your keyboard and that will reset the pressure reading if you like on the altimeter so it reads an accurate altitude i'll discuss one day in a later tutorial how that all works but don't worry about it for now just press the b key so what i want you to do now is just release the parking brake apply full power keep the aircraft centered down the the runway and just pull yourself into a climb and take off get a nice steady climb going and get yourself up to about 2000 feet so the airspeed picks up that top left instrument i guess to about 50 knots i'm going to start pulling back slightly and the aircraft's nose will just begin to rise and just keep pulling back anything around 70 knots will do don't worry about um particular climb speeds right now 70 knots will get you decent climb make sure you bring the flaps up just in case they were set so press your flaps up button as you can see mine was set because i'm picking up speed and then just pitch the aircraft up and hold about 70 knots so that would be a decent enough time to discuss trim because right now i am pulling back on this stick put the stick back you probably see that i'm basically holding it in a back position just to keep that speed at 70 with full power so what i'm going to do is i'm going to manipulate the trim so watch the position of the trim and if you pull the note so it says nose down so pull back on the on the trim you'll see the wheel will go from a top to a down position and getting some position where you can basically just let go of the stick and it will climb at 70. see that's a bit too much so i'll just bring it forward slightly there we go it will take a little bit of fiddling around because in a real plane you can actually feel through force feedback on the stick you can actually feel when it's trimmed in an assembly we don't get that luxury yet so just play around until you've got the trim set you've got yourself about a 70 knot climb speed and i'm not holding on to the control anymore i've literally let go of my control and this is what they call a stable climb the aircraft is now pitched and climbing at 70 knots so keep climbing let's get ourselves to about 2000 feet and then we'll get ourselves into a level flight and then we'll look at some other aspects so climbing all the way up still going not holding the stick at all do i put a seattle downtown over here look at this fantastic right so we're coming up to uh two thousand feet little hands on the two big hands coming up to zero it's two thousand feet and when it gets to two thousand feet just push the nose gently forward so that's about two thousand feet just push the nose gently forward like that and you can see the dial below it is now reading zero you can see on my attitude indicator the little orange wing is if i you know what let me just pause this i'm gonna pause this and just show you what i mean so here's the attitude indicator and this little orange wing here this represents our wings this white line represents the horizon so if we get our orange wing exactly on that white line then we are flying level this is the vertical speed indicator this is telling us how quickly we're going up or how quickly we're going down if this reaches zero we're not going up or down we're in a stable level flight at that point and that's what we're aiming for we're just aiming to put the nose down slightly so we've got these wings in the white arc we've got about zero here and this should not change anymore we're going to be flying levels let's just unpause it just resettle the aircraft around the belt bar and then what i'm going to do is i'm just going to pull the power back a bit just like that and then make sure i stay in the level flight and now i'm going to trim so i'm pushing the trim wheel forward and again it's the point exactly like in the climb where i can let go of the stick and i'm neither climbing or descending i'm basically what they call trimmed i'm just going to pull it up slightly there we go so you can see the little trim wheels moving down the bottom it takes a little bit of practice this uh particularly in the sim as well it takes a bit of practice but when you've got it trimmed out you should be reading about zero and flying level at a certain altitude two thousands go don't worry if you if you're over under but it doesn't matter what altitude you're flying at this point i just want you to get a feel for the elevator trim see if i push it with the mouse nose goes down if i pull it back up nose comes up all i was doing was manipulating the control to do that but if i basically just level it out there you go and you'll notice why i'm doing this the yoke doesn't move because the trim tab is independent if you like of the elevator it's a simple explanation there you go so we get the yolk and we're tripped now autopilot systems basically do this for you they basically trim the aircraft for you but it's important to be able to do it yourself because you won't always be flying in an aircraft with autopilot in fact this one has no autopilot so the only way to fly this for long periods is to get the plane trimmed so that you can take your hand off the stick and not have to keep pushing it forward or keep pulling it back so here you go we're now in what they call stable and level flight and this is a really good first goal if you can get your plane if you can take your plane off get yourself flying at a given altitude like this just go for about 2000 rpm it is a nice starting point 2000 rpm on the throttle just move the throttle forward and backward so you get to 2 000 you should be doing in this plane you should be doing about 80 knots if you're level flight about 80 knots is what we're doing if you can get to this point then well done you've basically got yourself trimmed and this is an important starting point now for another important concept while we're sat there in a little cruise here we're all nice and comfortable let's talk about another concept speed airspeed in a car if you want to go faster you put your foot on the accelerator and if you let go of the accelerator you'll slow down it's not quite that simple in a plane that's not how it works in a plane the throttle controls your altitude and the pitch of the aircraft controls the airspeed so if i want to go faster or slower i need to pitch the aircraft to do it so let's demonstrate that i'll put the yolk back on so we can see it i want you to watch the airspeed i'm going to pull back on the stick watch what happens to the airspeed so i've pulled back on the stick the air speed is coming down our altitude is rising i'll level it off and then i'll push the nose down i push the nose down and we immediately gain speed very quickly and i pull the nose back up again and then try and just get it level back out about 2 000 it'll take a little while to settle down don't worry about that i didn't touch the throttle once then not once did i touch the throttle and i changed my air speed i changed my altitude and i did it all through pitching the aircraft that is a really important concept to understand that if you want airspeed and you want it now put the nose down if you've got too much air speed and you need to get rid of it you need to pull the nose back up now throttle is of course related to all of this but we use the throttle in a different way so the obvious next question is well what happens if i push or pull the throttle what happens then what happens to my air speed what happens to my altitude well watch what happens so at the moment we're on 2000 rpm i'm gonna give it full throttle which will of course put the rpm up but what will happen is the aircraft will go into a climb it will pitch up it will go into a climb and then our airspeed will actually start to come back and our rpm will come back so watch this i'm going to go full throttle and i'm not going to to touch the yoke rpm's coming up airspeed starting to build however the aircraft is now pitching up the altitude is rising and the airspeed is now coming back down and this is why you don't use throttle for speed we've actually put the full throttle in but we're actually going slower now let's just pull the throttle back to 2000 rpm and i'll just get it leveled out again so what actually happened there is we just gained a few hundred feet and that's why i say that the throttle controls the altitude it does not control speed and it's a concept you need to get used to let's try it the other way let's pull the throttle what do you think is going to happen hold the throttle i'm not touching the stick first of all we slow down then we start to lose altitude as we lose altitude the aircraft is pitched down and now we're gaining speed the rpm is staying the same we're an altitude rapidly now the aircraft is pitching back up again we're still losing altitude but the aircraft speed has come back yet again the throttle did not control the out the speed but it did control the altitude let's put the power back in full power nose up and we'll get back up to 2000 and we're going to trim now again okay so hopefully if you already knew this stuff then wonderful if you didn't you probably just had your mind and that's great because you just learned a very important concept about flying a plane so how does trim factor into all of this we know there's a relationship between the power and the pitch of the aircraft and that affects the air speed in the altitude what does trim actually do how does it help us well there's a mnemonic that you need to remember one is p-80 and one is apt so p-80 stands for power attitude and trim so having set the power that you want set the attitude that you want the aircraft to be at so that's giving you a stable climb a stable descent stable flight whatever it is you then trim the other one attitude power and descent attitude power and trim is used when you're climbing so you climb up to a certain level you then pitch the attitude down to get level flight adjust the power and then you trim in all cases you adjust the trim at the end so let's try that out now so we're in stable flight you're all trimmed up your hands not on the stick at all and the plane is basically flying itself 2 000 rpms 80 knots power attitude trim we're going to climb up to 3000 feet put the power in get the full power adjust the attitude pitch the nose up so we're going to keep our climb speed that we set earlier to about 70 knots so just adjust the attitude of the climb to get yourself to about 70 knots and then i'm adjusting the trim wheel because i want trim to basically do the pitch for me you see i'll pitch it down just a touch there you go i am now not touching the yoke not touching the control and you don't have to be exact about this just you know we're just trying to learn here just don't be exact it's climbing at about 70 knots it's trimmed full power in and with trim so power first attitude you'll then get the air speed that you want when it's where you want that particular attitude trim so we're getting up to 3000 feet now at 3000 feet we're going to do the opposite we're going to do attitude then power then trip trim is always less why do we do this well because after a climb the airspeed is not very high so we adjust the attitude to get ourselves level and then we allow the aircraft to pick up speed and as it picks up speed we then bring the power back to our cruise power and then we trim so attitude power trim after a climb let's see that in action we're coming up to 3000 we're going to push the nose down attitude indicator shows that we're about level vertical speed is on about zero what will happen is now the airspeed will now start to pick up as it is and then we just pull the power back to where we want it we said about 2000 rpm there's 2000 rpm we get the attitude right and then we trim so trim wheel a little bit too much trim there it's a roundabout bar don't go chasing this needle by the way the vertical speed indicator needle is a few seconds behind what the aircraft is actually doing so don't try and chase this needle you're on to a loser what's more important really is if you've got your camera in a fixed position and this is true in a real plane whatever height you are when you get the aircraft when you sat on the runway look at the horizon look at the top of the aircraft and try to remember that kind of position because that will tell you more about what is probably a normal attitude for crews than anything else you can of course look at your instruments and you really should but that's a really good visual reference so we've got it trimmed out 2000 rpm we're doing well just over 80 knots because i'm actually in the slight descent now there we go the trim is very sensitive by the way there you go so we're trimmed out again back to our cruise and we're up at 3000 feet this time so that is how power attitude trim and attitude power trim work okay there's lots of stuff for you to practice here definitely jump in this plane get up in the air and try to do what i've just showed you it's really really important that you can fly straight and level and also that you can climb and descend in a controlled way let's quickly show your descent before we do this so i'm going to pull the power i'm going to adjust the attitude and i'm looking at the airspeed and i want to get about 80 knots still i don't want the speed to change if my speed starts to rise too high like this i need to pull up slightly because attitude is controlling the speed of the plane so if i want to descend at this particular speed i just adjust the pitch of the aircraft and then now i'm going to trim power attitude trim so now i'm not touching the stick not touching the elevator the trim i'm not touching the stick and we are in a descent the engine is idling we're descending at the speed we want and the altitude is coming down when you can do this you're one step closer to doing great landings because now you've got a controlled descent which is very very important for approaches i'm just going to put the power back in and get back up to 2000 there's one last concept i want to show you before we end this lesson if you've followed along so far you're doing great if you're able to do this you're doing fantastic it's one thing i want to show you what happens if i turn to the left side but i don't pull back on the stick so i'm not going to adjust the pitch in any way i'm not going to push forward i'm not going to pull back i am literally going to just turn i want you to pay attention to what the aircraft does particularly the altitude so i'm just going to put it to a left turn i am not pitching the aircraft in any way we're in the left turn what's happening two things one we're gaining air speed rapidly and two we're descending rapidly let me just pull it back okay i'm just going to get the nose back up get some of that altitude back get the airspeed back down i'll just level her off did you notice what happened to the attitude indicator basically what happened was when i turned left we started to point down the airspeed picked up and the altitude dropped and that's an important concept because what's happening when we turn when we roll the aircraft we lose lift and the aircraft has a tendency to basically go into a spiral dive so when you make a turn you do have to pull back slightly on the stick and you can basically look at the attitude indicator to do it this little dot right here you want to keep this on the white line your vertical speed should be changing like hardly anything and your altitudes stay the same so i'm going to do the same thing i'm going to roll the aircraft but i'm just going to pull back slightly so i'm going to go into roll and i'm just going to pull the stick back so i'm now applying a little bit of back pressure on the stick if you start to descend just pull back on the stick a little bit more the more you roll the more you'll descend so let me just reduce the rate of my technique pull back on the stick and so that is now a stable roll we are not losing altitude we are not gaining speed but we are turning and i'm doing it just by applying a little bit of back pressure that's another one for you to try when you're up in the air just try this just get a feel for how much back pressure you need to put in order to make the turn as you roll more you will need more back pressure and eventually if you keep rolling you'll actually need more power this is what they call a steep turn you basically need more power and more back pressure in order to not lose altitude but anyway that's uh that's something for another day so go out and practice what i've shown you do the power attitude trim and then the attitude power trim whenever you've done a climb see how you get on and if you can nail that one then the next episode we'll talk about flaps how they're used or the four they'll be very important for the next episode of that when we put the pieces together and try to shoot a landing that's it for this episode guys hope you enjoyed it don't forget to subscribe for more take care happy flying

Channel: Squirrel

Views: 217,130

Keywords: simulator, gameplay, commentary, walkthrough, tutorial, asus, microsoft flight simulator, msfs 2020, cessna 172, takeoff, landing, new, preview, overview, review, flight, journey, weather system, experiment, guide, series, step by step, for beginners, getting started, new to flight sim, learn how to fly, flying lesson, msfstt

Id: Y1uFNbhSZBU

Length: 24min 10sec (1450 seconds)

Published: Sat Aug 22 2020