Prohibition by Oversimplified [Part 1] | A History Teacher Reacts

hey youtube welcome back to another history teacher reacts video mr terry as i continue my search for historical knowledge found here on the internet all right the internet made sure i knew immediately that oversimplified posted another video um and i'm definitely going to be watching it it's one of my favorite channels and i know one of your favorite channels as i've been able to tell a lot of you came to my community from oversimplified and deservedly so it's an amazing channel that is really getting history out to the common public in an informative and of course funny way and i am ever forever grateful for oversimplified uh for what they do for history on the internet all right the original video link is down below make sure that you check that out even though i'm sure you've all seen it a bunch of times make sure you're subbed oversimplified watch those videos and if you want to know what i think about their other ones i have done reaction videos to all of them that have come out so you can see those in my playlist down there also down below you will see some links to some other fun things for example if you want some history related merch we got some stuff like this world war ii mario kart themed shirt that's a lot of fun and some other history stuff down in the teespring store down below join our discord community we got to get 8 000 people down there love to talk history and talk other things and if you're into gaming check out my youtube gaming channel mr terry gaming or my twitch channel mr terry history we do a lot of fun gaming stuff over there alright let's go ahead and get started [Music] possible by honey click the link below to save money on your online shopping and also limited edition al capone pins on sale now get them quick we're gonna get some al capone in here we should description down below there's a prohibition good morning honey what's for breakfast the usual two caskets of rum a mug of heart cider and a full bottle of wine oh boy oh i'm running late i'll have to take it with me don't forget your lunch it's a six pack of beer a flask of whiskey six shots of tequila and as a special treat a banana oh gee whiz i'm gonna be smashed today enjoy your day of operating sharp dangerous farm equipment i can't believe this is an acceptable way to live god bless america okay gotta go i love my life hold on yeah you saw that code okay so let's just analyze here you want the historical context that's why you of course are here um it's important to understand the prohibition in the uh in the context of the industrial revolution right people would go and work these very dangerous jobs they require a lot of physical and mental strength and you know the the thing you can already see that they're taking a stab at was the incredible rate of alcohol usage right which doesn't uh mix well with heavy labor dangerous jobs um at long hours and again those dangerous conditions and it was causing issues right there but yep uh yeah so somehow we got like a ram with like like dressed up and then he he drove his forklift right there no wonder we had such an accident i loved my life america it's a great thumbnail beautiful strip malls top class infrastructure and wonderful urban sprawl ah yes beautiful america but what's the most american thing you can think of the statue of liberty mount rushmore a crazy lady in a mobility scooter yelling at a pigeon well what if i told you the answer is alcohol karen that's right so okay the things he talked about there structure and wonderful urban wait america i think you all know hold on yep strip malls are dying um strip malls basically went first and then regular malls are going with the new more internet commerce that's happening now infrastructure and wonderful urban sprawl i was gonna say they had uh they had the statue of liberty and a lot of you know that that was actually a gift from france but nevertheless has become a huge part of american culture yes beautiful america but what's the most american thing you can think of all right here's a statue of liberty yeah a crazy lady in a mobility scooter yelling at a pigeon well what if i told you the answer is alcohol that's right when the puritans arrived on america's shores they brought a ship packed with beer george washington provided his men with a daily cup of whiskey andrew jackson's inauguration party left the white house so trashed that everybody had to be ordered outside douglas said whiskey made him feel like a president me too frederick me too americans drinking breakfast doctors prescribe their patients hard liquor in the 19th century americans drink three times as much as their modern day counterparts that's a lot of whiskey that's what i was wondering i was wondering if they would get to this hold on what's that three times as much as their modern day counterparts okay so you drink three times more alcohol in uh in in the 19th century late 1800's there i was writing how much more that actually was i know sometimes this is taught again in the context of the industrial revolution where people were turning to alcohol because of the harsh nature of urban factory life that these men you know would work you know 12 hours a day or whatever six days a week in incredible tough conditions and then kind of used alcohol as an outlet for that i know that's been a like a social criticism um but yeah now two gallons of pure alcohol per year so it's pure alcohol so they're saying so as you say there was a lot more by stronger forms of alcohol back then than now um there's a lot more uh laws against it that's a lot of whiskey hey jerry how's that report coming along already done sir i've also organized your paperwork watered your flowers and been a father figure to your children wait a minute what's that smell have you been drinking at work no sir i would never well why not everyone else is doing it but i got all my work done you're fired fired for doing this fired for drinking barn raisins baptisms and public hangings heavy drinking was so normal that it was as american as apple pie hi everyone my name's ron and i'm an alcoholic get over yourself ron we're all alcoholics but more and more americans began to wonder whether they're getting so good with oversimplified of putting awesome things in the back i gotta look okay there's that one dude who ran for president the the rent's too dang high party on the left there that one's great then you got the most interesting man in the world on a ride i don't often drink but when i do it ruins lives and then here we got the horse okay i love the horse that they have with the googly eyes any other things in the back there's a sign in the middle maybe he's born with it maybe it's whiskey began to wonder whether all of this truly was a normal way to live were americans drinking perhaps a little too much well one group in particular thought the answer to that was yes the temperance movement you love [Applause] that's never a good sign come on fred you've got two kids and a wife at home yet here you are spending your entire paycheck on booze and you dr spanky you were on the cusp of discovering time travel but what did you discover instead the sweet way is that a real guy really whiskey that's right alcohol i doubt it oh wait is he supposed to be the the guy from back to the future the doc by the way the signs in the back just brew it breakfast of champions no wife at home yet here you are spending your entire paycheck on booze and you doctor spanky oh you're spanking time travel but what did you discover instead the sweet sweet joys of whiskey that's or is he supposed to be like the the alternate um dr brown who's name right uh version from uh what's that show um all the angry people are gonna are gonna they get me with the kid and the guy the time traveler oh my gosh i'm sorry i just ruined a whole bunch of you teenagers uh expectations of me the cartoon i'll come back i'll remember in a sec that's right alcohol it's destroying our families our jobs and our homes hang on men don't let them get to you rick and morty rick and morty moon is our safe space where our wives and children can't annoy us with reality we're free to be real men all right and what is it real men do take care of their families no we drink beer we shoot guns and we mud wrestle as america's heavy drinking more and more lives moral resistance began to arise and women were at the forefront taking matters into their own hands at a time when women doing just about anything was shocking that had enough of being victim to their husband's heavy drinking and they were gonna do something unprecedented yeah so i mean it makes sense that this movement would come from women women were on the receiving end and and could see the issues that this word was this was causing in domestic life right the men are working these jobs and they're turning to drink and that is going to of course occupy their time and you know uh and stake away from their family also you know especially if you if you if some of these men are drinking from a very unhealthy and angry place um that can turn into domestic violence which i know was a criticism of that era these again these men would get drunk after their long jobs and then go home and then again there'd be domestic violence as well as the family neglect so it does definitely make sense that this would come from women because they were able to see these impacts firsthand you're going to what i'm going work to protest oh sweetie women can't protest ohio before spreading nationwide women began a crusade against alcohol sergeant ohio i didn't know that i don't remember that or didn't remember gathering outside saloons and praying on their knees woman praying was so terrifying that in some towns schools were shut and business stagnated yeah women didn't pray in public um that wasn't that wasn't very common i don't know they're gonna hose them down on one occasion firemen were called out to hose down the dangerous praying woman on another the owner of a beer garden reportedly hold the cannon outside and threaten to reduce the savage woman to dust nevertheless they persisted they formed the wctu in 1874 and they organized they set up hurdles they installed water fountains in public parks they wrote textbooks for school children that contain some interesting claims about drinking alcohol here's little timmy uh-oh looks like timmy's going to have cautionary tales he's taking a small sip of whiskey and timmy has spontaneously combusted the woman's efforts was that really something that was taught spontaneous combustion now assume here they're going to get to the point where it's going to kind of uh connect with religion as people are starting to see or trying to preach or whatever or try to show that drinking also had an immoral issue even inherently uh so combining that the domestic kind of family problems with religion ends up being a pretty you know very powerful force weren't in vain in small towns across america drugstores agreed to stop fulfilling prescriptions for alcohol men committed themselves to giving up drink inspired by the woman's moral fervor some saloon owners closed their doors the woman's crusade in other words movements were forcing people to reconsider alcohol's role in society and more people began to side with the growing temperance movement their own dry laws that restricted the sale and use of alcohol one of them was kansas where alcohol had been outlawed since 1881. despite this many illegal saloons remained open and authorities had done just about nothing to stop them one woman disgusted by what she saw decided she would take the law into her own hands and not just anyone i think i've heard of her terrifying hatchet-wielding yeah old lady named carrie nation yeah she was awesome i used to teach u.s history i did for the first about half of my career i've been teaching about ten years first about five i i taught us history as well and yeah this lady was so uh was awesome to to share with the um with my students and learn about her story and stuff she's like yeah i'll let the video obviously do it but yeah she's she's um really gotten herself in the history books trusty hatchet and a bag of what she called smashers she traveled from town to town but she wasn't there to get smashed she was there to smash the men could do nothing but cower as sweet little carrie hooked out and toured the place to shreds yeah she went to kiowa and smashy smashed smashing up the buildings she smashed topeka smashy smashed on a couple of occasions she was arrested but each time they were like okay carrie we're gonna let you go as long as you promise to be a good girl and not smash up any more saloons okay screw you pig yeah i think she's gonna be all right smash smash kerry's tactics shocked the other members of the woman's christian temperance union but she assured them and this is a quote ladies you do not know how much joy you will have until you smash smash smash carrie became a house dude it's like it's like it's like therapeutic for her to go and smash up these bars kinda sounds fun name and she hoped her unusual tactics would spread across the country but unfortunately many of the women's movements eventually slowed down why well because of this kind of thing velma i ripped my pants again ugh well you'll have to sew them yourself because i'm going out protesting oh yeah it's gonna look bad what if i burn the house down and get eaten by alligators don't be stupid mitch look i've gotta go call me stupid she's the one who's gonna she's gonna do it hey thelma look who's stupid now see well the woman were out protesting there was nobody to do the cooking and cleaning being seen and not hurt so it's interesting because um yeah this was this when they had these arguments by the way they used these same arguments later on when there's the push or sorry uh the the the movement also for women's suffrage okay so women's right to vote and the same thing was happening men would say well if women are going to start getting involved in politics and and and get involved in that like public arena and get interested in that it's going to take them out of the home right where women had also been saying well alcohol and alcohol consumption is taking you out of our family and out of our home so they're both using the same tactic that it's harmful to the home life for these people to be doing these things outside of the home and they gradually had to return to their duties at home but where the woman had got the ball rolling a new movement was about to take that ball all the way to washington dc i'm talking about the anti-saloon league the anti-saloon league was a political pressure group run by a very sweet looking old man but don't let that deceive you this guy was an evil genius while the women's movements were interested in a whole range of issues wayne williams what are they women's suffrage yeah prison reform child welfare sanitation public health alcohol labor laws international peace i mean pretty basic stuff and the anti-saloon league only cared about enemy number one mr al kahol and as a result they were extremely effective they were able to exploit the boy who were the other people wandered for masquerading as soup say real i love that debate is is cereal a soup yeah i guess technically okay we had alcohol yep reward for capture last scene freaking everywhere if you have any information that could lead to his rest please contact wheeler um on the top right wanted a suffocate boop the the no good stinkin drunk farm hand who stabbed me with a hay fork guilty of getting waste on chop bottom right i wanted public enemy number two people who don't hang the toilet paper like this okay the toilet paper thing everyone does that everyone does it over right nobody does it at least intentionally uh the flap under right is that a is that a made up issue because i mean it would be it would be awful all right and then bottom left we got bigfoot wanted probably up to no good big old hairy feller seen roaming around mountains leaving big old footprints everywhere giving people a big old scare al cohol and as a result they were extremely effective they were able to exploit the fears of the american people and i mean everyone's fears here's how they did it hello sir welcome to the liberal progressive rally why don't you introduce yourself well i'm patty and i'm an immigrant from ireland and tell me patty do you drink oh yes i drink a lot see folks stereotypes come here looking for a better life only to end up drunk in the gutter don't worry sir we're gonna help you hey man you're doing great i just need you for one more thing hey christian conservatives this is patty he's a dirty catholic irish immigrant who's come to destroy america with his alcohol fueled debauchery yeah so oh my god we got uncle penny bags here so you can see how this could also go into the anti-immigration movement that was also happening here as a result of the progress of the industrial revolution and if you yeah you can easily market immigrants as bad if they come from a nation that also has uh alcohol consumption we're told they're trying to label the diversity to keep them subjugated factory owners were told alcohol was making their irresponsible workers lazy the black community was warned alcohol was hindering its progress while racists were warned alcohol would turn black men into brutes in one of the most confusing eras of america to work for everybody everyone found themselves agreeing on at least one thing alcohol was bad the anti-salinity that's some brilliant political marketing they found every group to be able to have something they could you know be against alcohol for that's some british or sorry uh some very good political politicking use of propaganda something prohibitionists have been doing for decades take this specimen for example that warns what will happen to you if you start drinking let's see first you take a drink you get a little rowdy okay you make some new friends nice then you become homeless you turn to crime and suicide oh but the most effective not wrong suicide rates were incredibly high during um these years again because the alcoholism the labor conditions and um stifling living conditions overall but it was it was very very high and a lot of them attributed to alcohol use for it and then um that kept happening all the way to the the stock market through the stock market the great depression was it was huge then tactic wheeler used to force prohibition on america was pressure politics in any election he could wheeler very successfully rounded up support against any politician who was in favor of alcohol in ohio alone he had 70 state representatives and the popular republican governor ousted from office and replaced with prohibitionists suddenly every politician in america was afraid of wayne wheeler even those who enjoyed alcohol in private began pretending to be against it in public alcohol is delicious i mean malicious sorry wayne i'm really drunk right now then it really hit the fan yeah you would assume it would be one of those things that everybody says they're against but everybody's doing it back at home right classic politician tactic that people accuse politicians of is living that double life living the public life having to say one thing for their political career okay gross we need to get off this slide 17. when america found itself fighting in the first world war against germany anti-german sentiment exploded sauerkraut became liberty cabbage german measles became liberty measles the dachshunds became the embodiment of evil see america no people love them this way the biggest world war and wheeler saw to it that drinking alcohol became akin to pro-german treason the german brewers desperately tried to fight back creating their own propaganda presenting piers a healthy beverage one that you could even give to your kids as you can imagine it didn't go down well president wilson instituted some temporary wartime prohibition measures to save grain for food and with many in the country now in support of prohibition all that was left was to make it law one problem was that taxes on alcohol made up nearly 40 percent of the us government's annual revenue and the government wasn't just about to give that up no problem the anti-saloon league helpful creation of an i might have underappreciated that stat said taxes on alcohol made up nearly 40 percent of the us government's annual revenue i had no idea it was that much 40 of tax revenue came from alcohol of the federal income or sorry uh yeah the um federal government's income okay from taxes holy crap i mean when push comes to shove usually when it comes to to the moral issue versus economic issue they're gonna side to the economic issue and then say the the moral issue is a is a freedom thing not a a a personal liberty thing and not a government thing so it's amazing that this could happen with this uh this this tax rate or sorry this part of the income being so high makes me more surprised that this ever happened it's already amazing i think that prohibition and the ban against alcohol will even happen in the first place but this made it even more unlikely for me to to predict would have happened and the government wasn't just about to give that up no problem the anti-saloon league helped lobby for the creation of a new income tax on the american people and just like that the government was no longer reliant on alcohol prohibition was finally introduced to congress in 1913. not just as a law but a constitutional amendment in 1917 as the house held their final vote on the prohibition amendment wheeler was watching from the gallery you spineless cowards i know half of you drink yet here you are bowing down to ned flanders up there look at him don't be so dramatic i obviously don't think i'm caesar now release the lion in the end prohibition passed the house easily 282 votes to 128 and the states ratified the new amendment by 1919. america a nation obsessed with liberty and freedom had just voluntarily given up its private right to choose whether or not to drink alcohol we i remember we'd have those have this like kind of a starter question i teach u.s history about um look if you if you want to look at prohibition again as a moral issue then getting in the conversation with students about does the government have a duty right to do to your right to legislate morality is that is that the role of government and usually provides a pretty interesting um talking point there about when when does something become just a moral issue and become like a societal issue and where is that line drawn and a lot of times people say it's you know it's when those moral issues negatively affect others but yeah like trying to find when this kind of thing should happen because it's it's a pretty big experiment if you want to call that in american history where you have something uh maybe more than anything else that the government ever did in a federal level of trying to legislate something a lot of people considered a moral issue we did it folks we fixed everything america will be perfect forever but you just dissolved america's fifth largest industry and lost tens of thousands of jobs for us immigrants no you idiot you don't get it we helped you idiot ugh i could really go for a beer oh no shortly after prohibition went into the work alcohol consumption in america is decreased as americans followed the law and tried not true wait what's on the thing what what burst fob i don't know what's the top part mean who needs a liver anyways my head hurts kale smoothie anyway fact alcohol consumption in america decreased as americans followed the law and tried not drinking man if we're gonna be law-abiding good boys we need something else to fill the dark lonely void that delicious beer once did well how about we crack open a nice cold can of water hell yeah toss it over can of water nah this isn't doing it for me let's try knitting this isn't filling the dark void at all want to play some kites ah screw it let's go get some illegal beer well it seems like many yeah can support it people are gonna find a way anyways it seemed like just as many americans intended to keep on drinking and they would go on to find a variety of ways to break the new law here's a question for you do you like breaking the law well shame on you or do you like saving money when you shop online then usually honey do you ever shop in the store of course not then you'd have to talk to real life people yuck you'd rather shop online in the comfort and darkness of your mom's basement my chemical bromance better yet you can save money when you shop online with honey honey is a free browser extension that scours the internet for promo codes and automatically tests them when you're checking out look at me i'm actually pretty used to the smartwatch to increase my chances i have it on my browser and look this magic dancing coin man has a promo code for them but they don't sponsor me heckin balls i just saved 18 and 75 cents watch out ladies and guess what those of you who've already installed honey using my link have found over 247 thousand dollars in savings so what are the rest of you waiting for you big dumb stinky idiots it's free and can be easily peasily installed in two clicks so get honey for free today by going to joinhoney.com oversimplified that's joinhoney.com oversimplified and as always you'll be supporting my channel so it's a big sponsorship now where were we oh yeah punching paddy passing prohibition and procuring pints pretty soon after the new law went into effect the failures of prohibition were already beginning to rear their ugly heads i mean yeah it's not like uh alcohol isn't super hard to make either i mean it can and had been made privately you know for its existence i mean alcohol consumption is thousands and thousands of years old in fact in ancient egypt you know they paid a a large piece of what the egyptians paid the workers to build the pyramids was actually in beer uh they paid him in that was almost like currency in a way it was such a huge thing so naturally where there's money to be made legally or illegally people are going to find a way for starters the details of the new prohibition law written by none other than wayne wheeler himself turned out to be more draconian than expected many prohibition supporters only wanted to outlaw hard liquor and hoped beer would remain legal but the volstead act outlawed anything over 0.5 percent that would make liberty cabbage illegal secondly the new law was full of loopholes that americans very quickly began to exploit for example while the sale and manufacture of liquor was illegal drinking it wasn't and you could also do any alcohol you had before the law went like people say about drugs like decriminalize drug usage but go after the drug dealers and drug manufacturers went into effect so many private clubs hoarded huge amounts of alcohol that saw them through the entire prohibition period whiskey intended for medicinal purposes was also allowed and doctors basically became bartenders it looked as though a fool medical alcohol as there was a sudden surge in prescriptions for whiskey sacramental wines used by churches in synagogues i mean it's not wrong some people were using it literally to cope with things i mean whiskey's not very helpful but it was something that helped with some kind of pain or something so you could quite easily i'm sure have made a case for have making it you know be a medical type of thing also permitted orders for communion wine suspiciously skyrocketed by millions of gallons and as rabbis had access to religious wine suddenly everyone was becoming a rabbi you had rabbi pat o'leary rabbi ll cool james fluffy but don't worry i'm sure all these definitely legitimate religious figures couldn't possibly be selling wine in the back alley after mass yep definitely nothing strange going on here new products also hit the shelves in stores such as vine glow a brick of dehydrated grape juice itself not alcoholic and therefore perfectly legal but the packaging did contain a strangely specific warning after dissolving the brick in a gallon of water do not place the liquid in a jug in the cupboard for 20 days because then it would turn into a time it's like totally being sarcastic how you can get your own wine telling them not what to do which in essence if they had not said that then probably nobody would have bought it and used it for that but they were intentionally i see what you're doing buying glow this is some pretty pretty good business tactics i'll take a thousand yes sir now i want you to think back for me if you will to the year 2005 you're the coolest kid around and you convince your parents to rent the greatest movie of all time from your local blockbuster but the movie starts with a strange message something about not downloading a car you immediately disregard that and hop on kazak to download the greatest song of all time and in the process with copious amounts of ransomware you were breaking the law you bad boy or girl but did anyone come to arrest you no that's my point if no one's enforcing a law while everyone's breaking it is it really a law and so it was with prohibition the conservative-led governments of the decade were also the kind of people who believed in small government spending so they'd passed a lot that would be extremely difficult to enforce but also didn't want to spend any of the money required to enforce it the newly created bureau of trust only had 1500 agents to cover the entire country one agent for every 70 666 americans but but they said though that consuming it is not yeah i mean consuming it is not going to be a crime though that's what they said so i mean there's nothing you could do about people if they were drinking it it was about the points of sale and those that manufacture it but even then they would say at 1500 for the entire entire department that's very underfunded in a massive country with 12 000 miles of coastline and one gigantic land border with canada good luck schmuckos and all these clever little loopholes canada has to score legal boost we're only just the beginning america was about to devolve into alcohol-fueled criminal chaos all right guys we're going to stop there for this this is a longer video it's one of the longer ones i wanted to break it up into two parts um so i get more commentary and stuff and not try to necessarily just cram it into one really long video so definitely look out for part two uh here shortly let's talk about a little bit so i was glad some of the things that that were brought up i was glad to hear about carrie nation again i'd forgotten about her and what interesting uh story she was is this woman that was going and literally just trying to destroy these uh um saloons and and and bars and things like that but uh anyway yeah one thing i hadn't seen yet is them they they started tying a little bit you know i guess at the end they did uh tying it to some of the immoral practices but they're mostly talking about how in in churches you know there was still the use of of alcohol for um religious purposes but yeah i didn't know necessarily though that like like church officials clergy were were selling you know that the extra wine and stuff uh to people or that there was even evidence of people going into like uh clergy okay whether it's yeah going in to be a priest in in christianity or be a rabbi in judaism people were going into it just so they could have some kind of access to it wasn't surprising too that they they talked about how you could pretty much get a prescription for something like whiskey so it became like this medical thing and then you know they completely underfunded this this uh um the organization the bureau of of alcohol consumption over to be able to enforce any of these laws it again it seemed like it wasn't really taken that seriously and that this was more of just like legislation to try to show some kind of um superior moral attitudes right to show that that way but actually in practice not necessarily making a big headway now what they're getting to here they're going to talk about is crime and one of the things of course that happens was crime syndicates really grew because of the sale of alcohol because alcohol again during prohibition was now even more valuable and those that could supply it even if it was under threat of law breaking and punishment that it was still worth doing and i know some of the things some of the ways to do it is not just the the moonshining and making your own alcohol but some of it was getting it over from other countries like i know canada was a big one a lot of those nor more northern type cities a place like chicago for example that were able to smuggle in from canada alcohol that becomes a huge deal and it brings in some famous um crime lords like al capone and stuff which you know they didn't necessarily think they're doing something wrong it's giving the people what they want but yeah organized crime skyrocketed and of course the other thing i think is going to be a huge deal when we look at this was the fact that the tax revenue is not there i mean if people are going to be consuming alcohol anyways even with all of these laws and stuff that they put in that's hard because like you said like they said that was the biggest thing the biggest thing i learned and hadn't hadn't respected up to this point was the fact that they said it was a 40 of federal tax revenue came from alcohol and that's that's huge and not having that it's gonna be a big deal and it also makes sense if you know the history that this is really going to be a problem during the great depression when revenue sources revenue streams were at an all-time low too so it made sense to get rid of the alcohol ban so simply for the fact that the country is going to need money during the great depression well anyway this was awesome um look out for part two i'll be definitely watching we're about halfway through right now and we'll definitely be watching the second half so definitely do that now if you haven't subbed my channel definitely do it um click that sub button i'm sure to enable notifications right when you know that those those videos are up also do a lot of premieres where you can talk with the community while we do that too so another good reason to uh sub and enable those notifications as well like i said the beginning videos some fun links to things down below and with that we'll see you next time [Music] bye

Channel: Mr. Terry History

Views: 375,575

Keywords: react, history, prohibition, oversimplified

Id: 4HitBZaBiT8

Length: 35min 14sec (2114 seconds)

Published: Thu Dec 24 2020