So in this video let's talk about sentence patterns and also some common Korean sentence endings. Let's find out what they are! *upbeat orchestral music* Hi, I'm Hyunwoo from talktomeinkorean.com that's our website where you can learn Korean, and today we will be talking about sentence endings. But before we begin let's talk about this concept this fundamental, one of the fundamental differences between English and Korean In many English teaching textbooks you will see a lot of sentence beginnings like "Do you want to" "Would you like to" "Do you mind if I" or even simple past tense sentences like "Did you" "How did you" or "How could you" or question forms like "How can you" things like that or even "How many" Many of these key structures They are all about sentence beginnings how you begin your sentences and also some important information about like the tense of the sentence past tense future tense present tense they usually all come in the beginning towards the beginning of each sentence whereas in Korean it's completely the opposite In many sentences, in most Korean sentences I think except for some really short ones the most important information they usually come at the uh very end So for example what makes a sentence a negative one a negative statement comes at the very end and what makes a sentence into a question comes at the very end so anything that'll determine, that'll actually have a a decisive effect on the character of the sentence will come at the end. So therefore you'll often see these sentence endings in many lessons and books and tutorials So there you go That's a little bit of the explanation about the concept So if you know these common sentence endings it means that you will be able to speak that much more comfortably and confidently *smiles* So the first ending that I wanna introduce is "yo" "yo" So if the other person is speaking to you with everything ending in "yo" that means this person is being formal with you at least and then also potentially polite with you too. They are basically speaking "jondaetmal" (polite language) "Jondaetmal" means formal or polite language so they're not using "banmal" (literally: half language, casual language) "banmal" means casual language so a lot of sentences end with "yo" Item number 2 on the list is ᄇ니다 ( p-nida) ᄇ니다 ( p-nida) This is actually almost the same as 요 (yo) a little bit higher on the... well ...further to the right on the spectrum of politness or formality so yeah ᄇ니다 ( p-nida) is a little more formal than 요 (yo) so, either way, if the other person is saying everything ending in 요 ( yo) or ᄇ니다 ( p-nida) you know, almost for sure , that the other person is being formal with you and sentence ending number 3 is ... this one is really interesting 은 것 같아요 (eun geot gattayo) , 는 것 같아요 (neun geot gattayo) or ᄂ것 같아요 (n geot gattayo) so, if you look at 같아요 (gattayo) it comes from 같다 which means to be the same literraly translated so, 는 것 같아요 (neun geot gattayo) It could mean "it's the same as" But in this case, it is more naturally translated to "it's seems like" , "it looks like" or "it feels like" But a lot of korean speakers, the say 는 것 같아요 (neun geot gattayo) a little bit excessively a little to the point where you would think it's weird really ! Like if you pay attention to how often people say this it's so common that people even don't notice that they're saying 는 것 같아요 (neun geot gattayo) at the end of every single sentence almost So, what does it mean? It means "I think" So ... Instead of saying "I think" or ..."my opinion is" which could sound a little bit strong or direct or even too straightforward people like to say less direct ... more indirect version of saying things so, they say ... "It feels like" "I think you are wrong" ... or it seems like you are...stupid. Stuff like that So people just try to be more formal or polite by being a little bit less direct So it's almost as if they were observing their own feelings and reporting to the other person Right? So if you just keep an observant eye on how people talk in the Korean speaking environment, you will notice that Korean people say "는 것 같아요 (neun geot gattayo) a lot more frequently than English speakers would say "I think" So that's that And sentence ending number four is... -를 수도 있어요/-을 수도 있어요/-ㄹ 수도 있어요 (reul sodo issayo/eul sodo issayo/r;l sodo issayo) So 수 있다 (su itda) if you already know it, you know that it means "can" 수 있다 갈 수 있다 (kal so itda) I can go. He can come. 올 수 있다 (ohl su itda) Or 먹을 수 있다 (mak eul su itda). 공부 할 수 있다 (gong bu har so itda) 알 수 있다 (al su itda). You can figure out or you can know So 수 있다 means well talks about possibility. But, if you add 도 which means "also" in combination they mean, or the whole expression, 수도 있다 means that possibility also exists So if you think a little bit more about it, it means "this is possible" but "that's possible too" so it means "it might" So some usage examples You get a call from your friend and your friend says, "늦을 수도 있어요" 늦을 수도 있어요 (neujeul sudo issayo) I might be late So whenever people talk about possibilities, things that could happen they say "을 수도 있어요" very very commonly but they also say this when they want to be a little bit indirect about what they think will happen Sentence ending number five for this video is -죠 (jyo) -죠 is short for -지요 -지요... -죠 or -지요 is used when you are asking for the other person to confirm with you You want this other person to say that you are right. That what you said was correct. Or it can also be used when you are forcing your opinion on this other person So what do I mean by that? So let me explain a little bit with some usage examples So you just baked a cake for your friend and then you let your friend taste it. So you say, "맛있지" (masiji) 맛있지 in banmal in casual language. If this was jondaetmal formal or polite language you could be saying "맛있죠" (ma si jyo) or "맛있지요" (ma si ji yo) I think 맛있죠 is a little more colloquial because that is shorter people always like shorter stuff. So 맛있죠. It means that you want this other person to agree with you in saying that it is delicious 맛있죠 x2. And at the same time you are forcing the other person to say it. 맛있죠 x3 So...yeah, there you go. 지 means I want you to agree with me and then I also want you to take the same opinion as mine And therefore, it also takes this meaning of "No, you're wrong. This is correct" Right? Or almost the, um, feeling of correcting the other person So for example, your friend just said, "오늘 토요일이죠?" (o neul to yo il ijyo?) 오늘 토요일이죠. So the other person is saying, "Today is Saturday, right?" So your friend is asking you to agree with you or confirm what you just said. But then you say, "아니요. 오늘 일요일이죠" (a ni yo. o neul il yo il ijyo) 아니요. 오늘 일요일이죠. Again using using the same ending "죠" But this time you're not confirming what they said you are actually correcting what they said 아니요. 일요일이죠. So basically I want you to agree with me is the general foundation of this, uh, ending 죠 And also similarly if this other person had asked you "오늘 일요일이죠?" "It's Sunday today, right?" You could also agree with him or her by saying, " 네 일요일이죠" And in this case when you 네 일요일이죠 it means "of course it's Sunday, what are you talking about?" "Why are you even questioning that?" That kind of feeling is there so 죠 can also be translated to "of course" Sentence ending number six for this video is -ㄴ 데요/-는 데요 (n de yo/ neun de yo) -는 데요 or -ㄴ 데요. You see this 그런데 kind of blended in there right? So if you take 요 the common ending for polite or formal sentences you see -ㄴ데/-는 데 it comes from 그런데 which means "but" or "and" So a lot of people just remember 그런데 as "but" but it's not always "but". So for example you just went home and you opened the refrigerator and there was cake So if that was not something that you were expecting to happen maybe you were surprised and you could say, "그런데" Right? but then if it was just a natural flow of things that you did and things that happened you didn't have any expectation so there's reasons to say but I went home and I opened the refrigerator but there was a cake. You don't say that. I opened the refrigerator and there was some cake. In that case, in Korean 그런데 can fit into both situations. And therefore, -ㄴ 데요/-는 데요, is also very versatile So how can you use this? When you say -ㄴ 데요/-는 데요 at the end of your sentence you are basically meaning that your sentence hasn't ended OR the whole conversation hasn't ended and you want the other person's participation. Their feedback or their response or anything or even their action. So you can say, " 어제 친구 만났어요" I met a friend yesterday. And that's it. That's the end of the sentence, maybe you want to continue but there's no clue as to, you know, whether you will continue or not. But if you say, "어제 친구 만는데요" The listener can easily guess that you want to continue on with the sentence. It can either be "I met a friend yesterday, but..." or "I met a friend yesterday, and..." Alright? Now let's talk about a different scenario this time. Your boss asks you to go take something from somebodies desk. "Hey bring that document from so-and-so's desk" and then you go there and you don't find the document on the desk So you go back to your boss and you say "거기 그 서류 없어요" x2. There, that document is not or that document is not there. but if you say that, that's a very simple, very plain sentence. Very neutral sentence and that's it But if you want to say "Hey but the document is not there. What do you think? Is this normal?" or "What do you want me to do next?" or "Do you want me to go check?" or "Do you want me to do something else? If you want to actually include those meanings in the sentence you can say, "거기 그 서류 없는데요" By ending, it's the end of the sentence, not continuing on in this case by ending the sentence there you're inviting the other person to engage in the conversation. Okay? So you're inviting the other person to say something about it or possibly get mad at you or do something or go check it himself or herself or things like that So it's an invitation to further action or further discussion So this can also be used for a lot of back and forth child arguments too so right now outside our studio there's some construction work going on. Like it's really loud outside. I don't know if you can hear the noise but I could run up to them and say, "We're recording something here" and then the construction worker who is working hard right now could say to me something like this, "우리도바쁜데요" so instead of saying 우리도바빠요 which would only mean "we are busy too" by saying 우리도바쁜데요 they could mean either "but we are busy too" or "we are busy too. So?" you just you know work it out on your own. Like do something about it, go somewhere else to film or move or film on a different day. Something like that So asking the other person to do something or say something is, well basically, inviting them to do some other things is -ㄴ 데요/-는 데요 And now the next ending is -네요. Since we can't really avoid the noise let's talk
about that as an example. Okay, so -네요 is basically agreeing with someone. "아그렇네요" "Yes, that's right" what you said is correct" is one
usage. 네요. So a friend of yours recommended a good movie to you and you
went and watched it and you can say "아. 그영화 재밌네요" "Yeah
I agreed that the movie is good or fun to watch" right and another usage is when
you are talking about what should notice so for example you notice that there's
some construction work going on outside so you can say "공사하네요." 공사 is construction and 공사하다 is to have
construction, to do construction so 공사하네요 I think the noise went
away and I can say in this case since I'm observing something I'm noticing
something I can say 공사긑났네요 instead of just saying 공사긑났어요 which would be a very plain neutral sentence I can say since I am now
observing it for the first time and I'm talking about my discovery I can say
공사긑났네요 and then you can watch a movie for the first time without
anybody's recommendation you can say 아. 그영화 재밌네요.
okay so in summary what the -네요 ending means is you are either agreeing with
the other person or you're talking about something that you just noticed. And the
last sentence ending is -세요 -세요 has this contains in itself the
honorific suffix "-시." By honorific I mean you are raising the other person up
and you are kind of lowering yourself being a little more humble so "-시" you
see this in two different ways and one usage is you are basically just being
more polite so "-시" can be found or "-세요" can be found in many set greeting phrases like 안녀아세요 or 어서오세요 things like that you're basically being
more polite and another kind of usage for -세요 is a command. An imperative
sentence so instead of saying "앉아" or "앉아요" 앉으세요 is much more
polite much more formal. 앉으세요 조심해 would be banmal. Be careful,
watch out and you can say "조심해세요" be careful the same meaning but a
little more polite well sometimes a lot more polite and a lot more formal 세요. So you will see many Koreans sentences ending in "세요." So today we looked at
8 different sentence endings in the Korean language of course there are many
many more and many more sentence patterns that
we can talk about in the future so if you've noticed some sentence endings that are
commonly used in Korean sentences by Korean speakers please let us know in
the comments so that we can cover them in a future video like this one and what
do you think about the format of this video would you like more videos like
this one, somewhat lengthy but more detailed, or would you'd like to make
more concise short bite-sized videos? Let us know and we will see you in the next
video. 감사합니다. Bye!
