America Unearthed: Lost Relics of the Bible (S2, E10) | Full Episode | History

the history that we were all taught growing up is  wrong my name is scott walter and i'm a forensic   geologist there's a hidden history in this country  that nobody knows about there are pyramids here   chambers tombs inscriptions they're all over  this country we're going to investigate these   artifacts and sites and we're going to get to  the truth sometimes history isn't what we've been told as a forensic geologist i rely on the study  of rocks to learn more about our own history   and throughout my career there have been  several artifacts that i constantly return to   one of them is called the bat creek stone though  small in size it's considered one of archaeology's   biggest mysteries i first learned about it  during an unrelated investigation back in 2008 i was examining some cave inscriptions  with a woman named leslie kalin   when she told me about the stone and  how it's inscribed with strange writing   i was immediately intrigued and had to know more  the back creek stone was discovered back in 1889   in a native american burial mound in loudoun  county tennessee along with jewelry and nine   human skeletons the writing on the stone was  first thought to be a form of cherokee script   later it was determined to be an ancient form of  hebrew why would a stone with hebrew writing be   buried in a native american mountain after years  of research a possible connection began to emerge   could the stone be an ancient hebrew land  claim possibly from the lost tribes of israel   the lost tribes of israel are 10 tribes that  disappeared from the holy land in 722 bc after   the assyrians waged a bloody battle against them  to this day no one knows if they died escaped   or assimilated into the population some believe  they traveled to america to build a new jerusalem   the smithsonian officially owns the back  creek stone but it's housed at the mcclung   museum in knoxville tennessee leslie's father  a cherokee elder helped me get permission to   study the stone which i examined in 2010 now  i'm returning to tennessee to examine it using   state-of-the-art technology i hope looking at  it with a 3d microscope will help determine   if the stone is an ancient relic of the  lost tribes of israel or something else before my re-examination i'm meeting with  leslie kalin again to see what she knows   about this mysterious artifact and any  connections between the lost tribes of   israel and the native american  site where the stone was found so aside from the inscription is there any  evidence of an early hebrew connection with   people or places in tennessee i think that some  of my people believe that we might be descendants   from the lost tribe my grandfather told me  that he felt that we had a jewish connection   maybe even possibly be part of the lost tribe  of israel there is a group called the central   band of cherokees they believe that they are  direct descendants of the lost tribe of israel on my way to the mcclung museum i can't  stop thinking about what leslie said   as a scientist i focus on facts but in this case  i can't ignore the oral tradition if some cherokee   people believe they're connected to the lost  tribes of israel maybe there's something to it here it is all right fresh off the exhibit for you i'm really excited to look at the bad creek  stone with the new technology this cans 3d   microscope that's going to hopefully help  answer the question is it authentic or not   that's part of why you're studying it there is  some controversy about the stone can you give   me just a brief synopsis as you understand  the history of the back creek stone yeah it   has a very interesting history it was part of the  smithsonian's bureau ethnologies mound survey that   cyrus thomas was leading to try to understand what  they call the time the mystery the mound builders   who actually built these things and one of those  excavations was done in loudoun county tennessee   at the intersection of bat creek with the little  tennessee river and they excavate a couple of   mounds there and one of them was a burial mound  where they actually found the back creek stone   a scientist named cyrus thomas  was in charge of the mound survey   initially he thought the mounds were the work  of some advanced race which no longer existed   eventually he went on record with his belief that  the cherokee people were somehow connected to the   prehistoric mound builders some critics believe  john emmer the field archaeologist working on   the project who found the bat creek stone may have  planted the artifact to get in good with his boss   he was actually at one point fired from the  smithsonian and was rehired and this was one   of his first projects after being rehired did  that actually influence him and and what he did   or didn't do and that we'll never know beyond  bat creek stone there are other stone tablets   and other things that clearly were hoaxes you have  found fakes oh yeah there are things out there i   have found fakes but i have also found things like  the kensington runestone is absolutely genuine   the bat creek stone is one of the classic examples  of bad science run amok everybody's got an opinion   and you know what they're worth in many cases  the rocks don't have bad days they don't care   they just are so we go back to the science  and i always say i let the rocks talk the bat creek stone was found in a  native american burial mound in the 1880s   some people think it's a hoax they  suspect the guy who found the stone   faked its inscription to get in good  with his boss at the smithsonian   i'm not buying that i think the stone may  prove jewish people made it to america   before columbus this artifact could even  be connected to the lost tribes of israel   they're famous for vanishing  without a trace in 722 bc   some cherokee people in tennessee think  they have a connection to the lost tribes   i've studied the back creek stone once but  now i'm back in tennessee to examine it   with the latest technology if i can figure  out how old the carvings are on the stone   using 3d analysis it would go a long way  towards solving the lost tribe's mystery i want to show you something here that i think is  pretty important this is the very first picture   taken of the bat creeks down 1894. if you look in  this area right here there are no scratches but   in this 1971 photograph you can see there are  two scratches clearly clearly they were added   after the stone was found do you have any thoughts  on why that might have happened or how that may   have happened well i mean there's two things  that could happen could have been accidentally   scratched in some form or fashion or it could be  somebody trying to do some sort of early testing   before 3d imaging to see what it's made of and how  easy it is to scratch and things like that we will   do some test scratches like that sometimes what's  important about this is these serve as excellent   control samples for me to compare with the  original inscription to see if they're the same   hopefully this machine can tell us some more today we start by examining the modern scratch i'm  not sure if this mark was made accidentally or   on purpose it doesn't matter what does matter is  that this scratch may be able to help prove the   authenticity of the bat creek stone when  they scratch the stone it will generate   secondary material that's left behind and we  see that here in the freshly scratched surface   whenever you scratch a stone you leave stuff  behind deposits from making the mark the fact   that we see residue in this microscopic view  speaks to the fact that this is a recent carving   because we're looking at a recent scratch it would  make sense some of that material is still there no   polish marks clearly rough i mean something that  was intentional but uh not to be beautiful yes   so let's take a look at the original inscription   if it was fresh like to scratch we would see  secondary material in there and we don't see that well as you can see here we don't have any of  those deposits that we saw on the fresh scratch   they're completely gone it's clean as a whistle  it's completely weathered away the weathering is   key because to get that weathering profile  took time we've got nice rounded edges and   the polished surface looks nothing like the fresh  scratch right in emirates notes the first time he   mentions the stone he said it was a polished stone  you can see the scratches going into the grooves   after it was carved so clearly that indicates the  inscription was carved first then it was polished   the inscription on the bat creek stone was  clearly polished unlike those new scratches   which weren't polished at all by polishing it that  tells you that they're treating this with care   that it has meaning to them and maybe even  sacred if emmerd faked the inscription   it would look newer more like the modern  scratches but the inscription looks really old   so here's the question for you can that be fake  you can make a charge that somebody did something   anytime you want but making it stick is the key  thing we've talked a lot about the inscription   but we haven't really talked about what it says  one of the top semitic scholars in the world at   that time has translated the inscription as for  the judeans the judeans were a jewish people who   occupied a mountainous region called judea which  today is israel's west bank and the northern negev   desert the region was named after the biblical  tribe of judah one of the lost tribes of israel   if the bat creek stone really  does bear the inscription   for the judeans it could be a significant clue  that suggests the lost tribes came to america   there's been some other interpretation as  well nothing too drastically different how   old do you think that is how much older you  think that is than those modern scratches   the type of work that i do is what i call  relative age dating it's older than this it's   younger than that we know this is this old we  know this is this old it's in between so it has   to fall somewhere in the middle by looking at the  weathering of the original inscription comparing   it with the modern scratches to me that says it  wasn't made during modern times emmerd said he   pulled it from the mound i've seen no evidence to  question that the other thing i think uh that's   very important is this double barred cross of  lorraine which was used by early jewish groups   and is a symbol of the crucifixion that would not  be consistent with the lost tribes of israel if it   represented the crucifixion i mean we're talking  about a group that disappeared around 700 bc and   the crucifixion obviously is 800 years later in  this particular case yeah obviously wrong time   after taking a closer look at the cross  of lorraine i still don't have enough   information to definitively connect the lost  tribes of israel with the bat creek stone   still this is a mysterious artifact with hebrew on  it i've looked at others too they make me wonder   who created them when and why i'm very comfortable  that the back creek stone all evidence here   to me indicates that it looks to be a genuine  artifact but there are other artifacts that   have been found in north america pre-columbian  artifacts with hebrew inscriptions on them i've   investigated ohio's decalogue stone it has a  shortened version of the ten commandments on it   written in paleo-hebrew same story in los lunas  new mexico where there's a similar artifact   also called the decalogue stone with the ten  commandments on it and in arizona more hebrew on   the tucson-led artifacts a collection of authentic  ritual objects pulled from the desert in 1924   i have to wonder if all these things are markers  on a trail left by hebrew people long ago   there's a person that i'm going to go visit and  talk to a little bit more about the bat creek   stone and about some other artifacts part of  the the science of all this is actually having   a dialogue and talking to different scholars  different perspectives and expertise we've had a   good exchange today but now i want to ask you tim  are you convinced by what you've seen here today   that the bat creek stone is a  genuine pre-columbian hebrew artifact well tim you are the curator here at the mcclung  museum that houses the bat creek stone artifact   we've just spent a good part of the day looking  at brand new data so based on everything you've   seen do you think that the bat creek stone  is a genuine pre-columbian hebrew artifact   i'm not completely convinced yet but you  did show me some things today i didn't   expect there's some potential other things  that need to be done before i can say   yes you have an authentic stone but your mind is  open oh as a scientist your mind is always open i   have to say that i'm convinced this is a genuine  artifact but i'm all about collecting more data   i'm going to go see if i can find some more  evidence of some early hebrew culture coming   to north america prior to columbus long before  columbus possibly the lost tribes of israel i'm on my way to see an artifact expert  named hugh mccullough he studied the back   creek stone and other artifacts found  inside the burial mound a while back   hugh showed me another allegedly hebrew artifact  called the decalogue stone in coshocton ohio today we're meeting in another part of ohio  at a national park known for its mountains   well hugh it's good to see you again and  good to see you scott welcome to ohio   tell me what you found in tennessee i understand  you looked at the back creeks down down there   i had a chance to look at the artifact  with my new technology the 3d digital   microscope i was able to confirm that the  weathering of the inscription is indeed old there's no question that the back creek stone  is not a hoax it's a genuine artifact and the   fact that it's paleo-hebrew says to me that it  has to be an early jewish group that created it   possibly the lost tribes well i agree it's a  jewish artifact so i think it's very exciting   tell me a little bit about the testing that you  did back in the 1980s there were some wooden ear   spools found with the stone wooden ear spools  tell me a little bit what are those the hopewell   and many other cultures use these ear spools  they're just decorative ear spools so they   stretch the ears we were able to get a carbon date  on those it was somewhere between 32 and 769 a.d   so hugh based on the data it doesn't look  like this is the lost tribes who were probably   around 722 bc this is something more in the first  century right if you look at the inscription here here's your photo of the back creek stone and  the style of the letters most closely matches   that of the jewish war coins of the 65 to 70  ad the letter style matches almost perfectly   there would have been an incentive at that  time for jewish people to emigrate because   if they stayed behind they would have been  nailed to a cross or fed to the lions or enslaved   around 70 a.d jews and their roman  rulers were fighting over unfair taxation   disrespect for the jewish  faith and accusations of theft   the rebellion known as the great revolt was  eventually crushed by the romans four years   later jerusalem was captured and one hundred  thousand jews were killed or sold into slavery the big question did other jews escape and find  their way to america there's another piece of   evidence here too that jumps out at me is this  double barred cross that's probably one of the   earliest if not the earliest versions of the cross  of lorraine the cross of lorraine is symbolic of   the crucifixion which would have been sometime in  the middle late first century consistent with an   early jewish group in the first or second century  all the testing that you had done the testing of   the ear spools and the script all do overlap about  what time around the first century a.d so you've   got consistency from different points right now we  have the geology work that i've done as far as the   weathering indicating that it's very old that  it's not a modern hoax based on all of this we   have apparently a first or second century jewish  artifact found in a native american indian mound   and its historical importance cannot be overstated  i'd agree with theater scott but there's one more   piece of evidence i want to show you which is  even bigger in a sense i'm interested let's go it's becoming clear to me the bat creek stone  and the ear spools found in the same burial mound   don't go back far enough to be  connected to the lost tribes of israel   i keep wondering who left these  things and what does it all mean so this is a photocopy of a map that was made  by the us army corps of engineers 1823 of some   earth works here in ohio earthworks also known  as mounts are intentional changes in land level   these sculpted piles of rocks  and soil are often ancient   mysterious and massive what does  this portion up here look like here well that looks like a manure right is that what  that is that's what it looks like the menorah   also called the hanakia is the symbol of hanukkah  the eight-day jewish holiday celebrates the   rededication of their temple after years of  fighting the hanukkah story tells how soldiers   who recaptured the temple had only enough oil for  one night but miraculously it lasted for eight   so let me get this straight somebody in the  distant past built this earthwork that's   traditionally native american in the shape of a  menorah well if we didn't have the back creek zone   in the decalogue stone i'd be totally bewildered  a jewish idea like this is not so strange after   all maybe experts believe the hopewell people  built both the hanukkiah earthworks on the army   corps map as well as all the mounds surrounding us  here at hopewell culture national park i mean that   looks like a lamp an oil right it looks like  the oil lamp that was supposed to have burned   what else can it be what's gonna be yeah well let  me ask you this this is a beautiful place but why   didn't you take me here this map was made in 1823  but by 1848 it was pretty much plowed over and   not visible from the ground anymore so it's  been basically destroyed right so it was a   huge structure this is only 13 acres here and  this is 100 acres wow almost 10 times bigger   we know that thomas jefferson was actually very  interested in this particular earthwork it goes   back to 1803 even when he was president he asked  a general to draw these very same earthworks   the reason for jefferson's interest the louisiana  purchase the u.s bought louisiana from the french   they had taken it from the spanish jefferson  wanted to prove others were here in america   earlier so spain couldn't say louisiana or  any other land belonged to them i recently   investigated the notion that lewis and clark were  assigned to look for evidence of welsh contact i   looked at the brandenburg stone as one possibility  that that may have been carved by the welsh   he was also interested in the possibility of the  lost tribes of israel so he even asked lewis and   clark to look for them so he was covering all  the bases roman or greek or phoenician he would   have been just as happy to prove it wasn't the  spanish i think there was a diplomatic interest   there i'll bet you in his back pocket he had this  right here you know an earthwork like this i mean   to me this just screams an early jewish culture  but there's something more that's significant   here this is a massive bound this isn't something  done by one or two or a few people this involved   a lot of people right this earthworks would  have required a whole community years to build   the whole community was dedicated to building this  particular symbol and therefore it's a much deeper   involvement with the indigenous  culture than the other artifacts   i would agree with you i think collectively  though they're all important it seems clear   to me that these artifacts don't have anything  to do with the lost tribes others may be but   not these so it begs the question if the lost  tribes didn't create these artifacts who did by studying the bat creek stone a mysterious  artifact found in a tennessee burial mound   more than a hundred years ago i confirmed that its  inscription is much older than its discovery date   it's carved with a message for the  judeans judea is a region in israel   and the writing style is consistent with  jews after the turn of the first century   could a group of them have been here in america  at that time that would rule out my initial   theory the lost tribes of israel who went missing  from history much earlier but i think there's a   chance the lost tribe's descendants might be  responsible i'm going to meet a local rabbi   if i can learn more about the history of jewish  people coming to america it could help me solve   the mystery of the bat creek stone and the  menorah shaped mounds i just learned about rabbi how you doing i'm investigating ancient  hebrew here in the united states and i want to   try to figure out who's responsible but i  want to know a little bit more about early   jews coming to america what do you know about that  so what we do know is that columbus came in 1492   and with him he brought jews and  the first question that begs is well   why on earth would he do that and he believed  at the time that there were potentially in the   new world these lost tribes he would want people  who he thought could communicate with them well   that's interesting that uh jews traveled with  columbus aren't there some rumors that people   thought that maybe he was jewish himself there's a  big controversy and i'll leave this to historians   to resolve that but even if he wasn't jewish he  certainly had jewish companions understood the   jewish community and was keen on discovering  the lost tribes there was a lot of persecution   going on wasn't there up until 1492 we we talked  about historically as the golden age of spain   for the jews and things had been going there  pretty well jews were relatively left alone   to thrive in business and religious tradition and  what have you and then we get this edict in 1492   and people were left with just a horrible  choice either die by the sword or convert though 1492 is best known as the year columbus  sailed the ocean blue it was also an infamous   year for the persecution of jewish people there  was the burning at the stake of 24 jews in germany   and the expulsion of 100 000 in sicily the worst  persecution the edict of expulsion in spain   which gave jews four months to leave spain  convert to catholicism or face death the rabbis   some said better to survive even if you have to  convert to catholicism your life is more important   and others said no it's better to be a martyr  and to die than to ever worship in ways that   are are inauthentic and you don't believe tens  of thousands of them died but we also know that   thousands of them converted to catholicism and  still maintained their religious jewish traditions   at home we call those people who were forced to  convert conversos so they were secretly jewish   but they were outwardly catholic these conversos  or what are sometimes also called crypto jews   were practicing catholicism but practicing their  judaism in the closet everything from lighting   candles in private on friday nights to refraining  from eating pork and following the kosher laws   so these conversos really tried to maintain some  sense of their their jewish identity and they   carried that to the new world with them we know  that many of the conversos the crypto jews made   their way to the northern frontier of mexico in  what is now new mexico and the american southwest   it makes perfect sense i mean this is something  that many people have done many religions have   done is come to the americas to practice freedom  of religion even today there continue to be   many latino families who are outwardly practicing  catholicism or christianity but who privately   continue to observe some of these jewish rituals  that have been passed down to them over time   well in this case you're talking about modern day  people that are practicing rituals that date back   possibly as far as the 15th century i've been  looking at artifacts that go back much further   one example is the bat creek  stone and the language is early   semitic script that some scholars say dates back  to the first century so i'm really interested in   trying to get to the bottom of this and find  anything i can that might be related is there   anything that you know of that could possibly be  related to to what could be ancient jewish writing i can't claim to the veracity of this but there  is a woman in new mexico who claimed to have   found this on her father's property and there are  some historians who believe that this evidence   is early potentially semitic or hebrew writing  perhaps there's something there what the rabbi   is showing me isn't the only carving with the  hebrew connection in new mexico there's another   one called the lost lunus decalogue stone and the  ten commandments are carved on it in paleo-hebrew   maybe there's a connection between that boulder   and the petroglyph pictures  which the rabbi is showing me the thing that's really jumping  out is it looks weathered   if this is down in new mexico and there's  any possibility that this could be old   hebrew or old jewish writing i'm  going to have to check this out um in my investigation there's one thing i know  for certain much of what we think we know about   our history is wrong we know jewish people came  to america with columbus and the bat creek stone   proves they came here in the first century too  but there may be others perhaps the lost tribes   who came here even earlier and the people  i'm about to meet may have found proof   are you stacy i am this is my friend ron pleasure  i'm investigating the likelihood that there were   ancient hebrew tribes people that came here from  across the atlantic going back at least hundreds   of years perhaps thousands i recently talked to  a rabbi friend of mine back in minneapolis who   said there were hebrew carvings down here tell me  about them we have found several on my dad's land   up here and ron found many of these all around new  mexico all of these drawings that we're anxious   for you to look at well i've got these pictures  from a friend of mine jimmy's ranch so what are   these they're ligatures that's written in a script  form that makes it easier for people that know the   language and people that don't to understand  in a picture i mean the earliest communication   that humans had was through pictures maybe that's  what we have going on here these look fascinating   maybe we should go take a look at them  what do you say yeah let's go you have   a four-wheel drive it's pretty rough and  remote out there i got it covered let's go so i'm in new mexico looking for ligatures they're  symbols that take on new meaning when they're   combined they could be evidence that jews came to  america long before columbus maybe they were clues   left by members of the legendary lost tribes of  israel jewish tribes that went missing in 722 bc   i'm heading to the discovery  site to see for myself so ron you have to tell me how did you find these  things i was building these roads through here and   got out of the bulldozer and ran across just  saw this over here on the side of the rocks this   is not the first time i've seen evidence here  in north america of early hebrews coming here   i mean i've looked at the decalogue stone the  bad creekstone the tucson led artifacts and   the hanukkah earthworks absolutely suggest  that there were early jews here in america   long before columbus and we certainly  weren't taught that in school were we no no ah here we are wow what do you think of that well ron not  only is it rugged out here but it's remote i   mean why would somebody come out here to carve  a hoax or graffiti i mean nobody would see it   this whole panel is full of  carvings and up there too it would be easy to assume these are native  american petroglyphs but i don't think they   are i've never seen anything quite like this  before you see this dark surface on this rock   this developed over at least hundreds  of years probably thousands of years   you can actually see where some of the edges have  spalled you see how it's almost white sort of a   tan color well that's what these would have looked  like when they were first made but they're dark   they're almost black like the background rock that  they're carved into this is definitely not modern this is my handheld portable microscope  and you can see how dark that is you know another thing that jumps out at me  right away that i'm sure you guys have noticed   that they didn't take a hammer and chisel this  was carved with rocks and they used a pecking   technique can you see that it's like it's pitted  i saw something on the way in that could help us   put a date on these carvings it's the sort of  thing many people frown upon but as a geologist   i can find some value in it it's graffiti  let's go take a look at this other site ah that's what i wanted to show you you can see that  this is fresh looking it's carved into the same   dark surface this one's dated 1892. it looks like  it was carved yesterday some other carvings here   1925 1924 1919 and they all look fresh i mean  this is just a quick and dirty comparison but   you can see this looks a lot different than what  we have back there it's pretty dramatic isn't it it's definitely older than 120 years easily  hundreds of years old who knows how far back   so at this point it becomes important to talk  to the experts in this script and my question is   do we know what the script is right well we did  reach out to a few experts and they dated it to   the 15th century bc 15th century bc bc that's 3500  years ago it's a script that predates the hebrew   alphabet okay what's it called it's called old  negev old negev is an ancient script experts   believe it was developed by ancestors of  the biblical abraham who worked in the   egyptian mines in west central sinai the laborers  needed a way to express their language in writing   some consider old negev to be a precursor to  phoenician paleo-hebrew and early arabic scripts   the name negev came up when i examined  the back creek stone in tennessee   its inscription reads for the judeans the judeans  live in what's now the northern negev desert   the people we reached out to gave us uh some rough  translations of this so it's red right the left   it's yeah from like from right okay so we're  talking in this area here woe and sorrow uh on   this inscription in here okay then we move over  here to this and this would be to cover or veil this one right down here would be sunburnt  or black and it's talking about brothers   and relatives fellow man and friend to cry  out or call for help talking about woe and   sorrow and sunburned there is a rock shelter  here it would provide protection from the sun   so maybe this is where they took refuge during  a long journey and took the time to carve this   and we're talking old negev script that's 3500  years ago the weathering of this inscription   could certainly be that old my gosh that's 700  years before the lost tribes well we don't know   if this is that old but if it is that old i  mean that would be amazing wouldn't it yeah   that is so interesting that you say the lost  tribes because there is one figure on here that   a friend of mine who lived in israel for several  years said is associated with the tribe of judah   this isn't the first time in this investigation  that the name judah has come up the bat creek   stone inscription reads for the judeans in  paleo-hebrew judea is a region named after the   tribe of judah the tribe of judah that's jesus's  tribe right and if this is indeed 3 500 years   old that would be 1500 years before jesus so this  would have been his distant ancestors that could   have used this script but the other possibility  is that this could have been a group that came   later we don't know sometimes people will use  outdated languages far into the future i mean the   catholics still use latin during mass and in our  culture today latin is essentially a dead language   so the lost tribes being responsible for this i  guess is still on the table whoever this group is   traveled far and wide it sounds like there's  going to be archaeologists that are going to   watch this and they're going to scoff when what  they should be doing is respecting the work that   we're trying to do here the argument that the  oceans were these vast impenetrable barriers   to me is ridiculous here yet another group  probably did come over here in the distant past the bat creek stone is physically small compared  to a lot of things i investigate but there's a   big mystery attached to it after studying  the back creek stone with my 3d microscope   and meeting with someone else who studied  it i'm convinced it's not a hoax i think it   was left in america by a first century jewish  group but i can't say for sure who they were   or why they left it i no longer think the lost  tribes were involved the timing's just not right but the back creek stone does connect  early jews with pre-columbian america decalogue stones with the ten commandments  earthworks shaped like a menorah and strange   petroglyphs in the southwest also point to  unexpected jewish visitors to the new world whatever happened to the lost tribes of  israel when they disappeared in 722 bc   is still a mystery but it's  one i hope to solve someday you

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Id: XueMKFSbVcA

Length: 43min 33sec (2613 seconds)

Published: Sun Nov 29 2020