Advanced Phrasal Verbs

hello everybody welcome to today's class I hope everything is on the board more or less I mean there are things on the cameras shot maybe not maybe I'll just put that a little bit further down we can get the bottom of the board as well got it if there's any problem with the quality tell me now because once I start obviously not able to finish really let me see what's that one down there let off steam yet I think we're all good now to start so we're doing advanced phrasal verbs today now I have a student in fact I have two students at the moment perhaps a few more who are following very closely the book called advanced phrasal verbs is by Cambridge University Press and it's one of a series of verbs there's another one called phrasal verbs in use there's another one intermediate phrasal verbs there's collocations in use as well there were many books of this type from Cambridge University Press and this one deals with advanced phrasal verbs now my student and I we've already gone all the way through this book to chapter 40 and so I'm making this lesson to repeat the some of the phrasal verbs not all of them but some of the phrasal verbs from the first ten chapters perhaps some of them all the interesting ones the ones which I think are perhaps more useful than other phrasal verbs so let's get started in chapters 1 & 2 they just have a kind of introduction into phrasal verbs and so they mention some which are in my opinion quite easy which you should have already come across if you're already at an advanced level so they mentioned cover up now this is a phrasal verb which is men which is used all the time nowadays because I think very often especially on the internet you will often read about conspiracies and if you read about conspiracies usually they involve some kind of cover-up yeah perhaps you think that NASA have covered up the truth about the shape of the earth that's what one of my friends thinks and I think we all make fun of him for it but perhaps you think the government have covered up the truth about could be anything could be an assassination it could be a particular event and then you believe that they have hidden the truth from you and see you think there is a cover-up and you can use it as a noun as well you can say a cover-up or you can say the government covered up the truth so that's quite an easy one because I think it's very visual and it's easy one to remember now you can speak out against something and that means publicly oppose a particular position so you might speak out against a vaporise in taxes something like that so if you speak out against something you publicly oppose it it's very similar to hit out at and come out against in chapter 7 and 8 which basically mean the same thing is when you publicly criticize some particular position and yes speak out against will be publicly opposed publicly criticize something okay you can run out of toilet paper in which case you'd better go to the shops as soon as possible and get some you can also say we are out of toilet paper so it doesn't have to be wrong it can also be the verb be hear something well worth remembering because quite often people will just say that we're out of time or are we're out of sugar I can't give you any sugar in your tea and so very common one sort out would just mean organize just gonna check the time because I do have a student coming in about 23 minutes so what out just means organize so when you sort out your visa because you're going abroad it means you organize it you fill in all the forms you send them off and you wait for your visa to arrive but you can sort out anything any tasks or errands that you have for the day you go and sort them out and it's better to sort them out sooner rather than later so there's a that's a very useful one you'll see it or you'll hear it all the time okay hold out for I think this in the book was it plained with something with the example England are holding out for the draw which just means that England are hoping for a draw when you hold out for something you hope from it to happen but you're not sure that it will happen so if your team are holding out for a draw it means they probably only need a draw to to win the competition or to go into the next stage or to win the league if you only need a draw then you're holding out for a draw and you're just hoping for at least a draw okay if you find somebody difficult to put up with it means you find them difficult to tolerate and it doesn't have to be people you can put up with someone or something you might say oh I can't put up with all that noise if the neighbors are belting out music late at night you might say I can't put up with all that noise please turn it down see you may go and make a complaint if you can't put up with the noise okay get by just means survive there's a very famous Beatles song I get by with a little help from my friends that's one way to remember that very useful phrasal verb because it's very common and these by phrasal verbs you should remember them in groups and so get by is quite similar to scrape by or other ones with by so yeah get by is survive similar to live on and get by on is very similar to live on if you say this if you say at university my got by on chocolate and crisps it means you survived on chocolate and crisps that was all you were eating or perhaps Mowgli you know you're probably exaggerating but you're saying that you got by on junk food I certainly got by on a lot of junk food when I was at university and yeah it means that you live on that particular thing hold back normally this means something hinders your progress so you might say that you you were doing well studying English last year but this year your lack of free time is holding you back it's preventing you from making any kind of progress so hold back is like hinder or cause somebody not to make progress so quickly it's like when something is an obstacle to your progress it's a verb though I don't think we can say a hold back no we don't usually and it's a verb so something holds you back and we're out just means something when you use it over time slowly gets destroyed so clothes wear out over time they become you know they get ripped you get holes in them the string starts to come away at the bottom and so clothes without trainers wear out but also people can be worn out and then it just means tired it's exactly the same as these two down here tie out a knack about knack of is slang and you'll hear people in England say I'm knackered I don't think you get it over across the Atlantic but I'm not sure somebody in America would have to make a comment below and tell us but if people are worn out they've run the marathon or they've been playing football for three or four hours something like that okay on to chapters 3 & 4 before you play sport it's important to have a warm-up and that so that your muscles are all ready for the sport so normally you're doing that kind of thing and that kind of thing and there may be running on the spot a little bit just to get your muscles warmed up literally warmed up so that then so that you don't pull a muscle when you're actually in the when you actually playing the game ok if you use a computer a lot and you have a lot of information on the computer that you don't want to lose like I do or as I do I should say as I do you might want to make a backup so I have all of my ebooks and hundreds of other ebooks as well stored electronically on a hard drive but I have a second hard drive on which I make a backup and it's just another copy to make sure that I've got it so if anything goes wrong with the first hard drive and this has happened to me you've got a backup called copy and you're safe you haven't lost all of your work ok a standoff a standoff is a stalemate if anybody plays chess out there sometimes the game reaches a stalemate where there is no resolution to the game it's basically a draw in other sports we would call it a draw but the point about a stalemate is that neither side can force a victory and when you have a standoff a very good way of remembering this is the expression a Mexican standoff and a Mexican standoff is when two people are pointing a gun at each other threatening to kill the other one and you could certainly talk about a nuclear standoff when you have two nuclear superpowers both aiming their missiles at each other it's a stalemate it's a standoff it's also called an impasse so there are a few words you could use here but they all describe the situation when two sides cannot force a victory and they're locked in some kind of position which they can't escape from that's a standoff okay a standby is a person who is ready to fill in for another person when if that person gets sick or has a problem and has to be somewhere else so if you're in if you work in the theater path you're an actor you might have a standby which just means someone who'll fill in for you if you get sick and and the day comes when the performances has to take place somebody else can be your standby who who will act he will fill in for you when you're not there okay so you can have a standby you can also have the onset which just means the start of something you might remember that this these were obviously all nouns so far being used phrasal verbs which have been take changed into nouns and the onset is actually comes from the phrasal verb setting rather illogically it doesn't come from set on and the onset means the beginning of something so you can say the onset of winter or you can say winter set in ok you can also talk about the onset of a disease or you could say the disease has set in so that's quite an odd one very illogical that it's onset and it's set in as a verb overkill means when somebody has done something in the exaggerated fashion so overkill literally means killing too much as over means too much and so perhaps them I could do a lesson on phrasal verbs and I could fill this board with 1000 phrasal verbs and that would perhaps be overkill I don't think anybody would learn much from just a thousand phrasal verbs and in ten minutes I just very quickly do one sentence for each of them I can't do that many obviously it would be overkill anyway it would be too much and so overkill we use for when something is done in an exaggerated fashion when something is done to to to great an extent it should be watered down basically just the use of one hit I've missed them when you water something down you make it less strong so if you've got some whiskey there and you water it down with some water you pour water in the cup and it waters down the whiskey so it's not so strong it's not so alcoholic it's more dilute with Peavy technical word the formal expression is more dilute and we use this phrasal verb to water something down we even use it for exams or tests you can say that the latest maths exam that kids are taking has been watered down and it means it's not so difficult it's been made easier the kids will find it much easier because perhaps the government trying to get higher marks and they decide to water down the exam and in that way they'll get higher marks the kids will find it easier ok a comeback this is normally used with singers or performers and when they make a comeback and it's always make a comeback by the way if you're wondering which verb goes with it make a comeback it means that they've been in Bataan and for well they haven't been singing and then suddenly they make a comeback they go on tour and everybody's listening to them again and they've become famous again so normally used for singers this one but it could be for anybody else who's famous and it's when they become famous again a buildup is when something is increasing in size or force you could talk about a buildup of the military on the border it means that they're putting more and more and more tanks guns and units on the border but you can also talk about the build-up to the Olympics or the build-up to the World Cup and then it means all the hype which is on TV and in on the adverts which builds everybody up to the game it means gets everybody more and more excited for the final moment when all of the games start getting broadcast so you can also use a build-up meaning a media the media hype surrounding a big sporting competition outstanding has two meanings outstanding can mean fantastic wonderful great super but in formal English if somebody says you have three outstanding debts that means you have three debts which still haven't been paid something is outstanding it hasn't been resolved it's an issue which hasn't been resolved so you could even be the word issues somebody could lie to you somebody once wrote to me and said there was still several issues which are outstanding and it was actually a solicitor and I was waiting to move house and she was telling me that unfortunately it couldn't happen yet because there were two two more issues which were outstanding which hadn't been dealt with which hadn't been sorted out very useful one that one you can use it in so many different situations outdated means old-fashioned yeah if something is outdated its old-fashioned so a lot of language in old books is outdated nowadays and that's why I don't recommend reading classical literature to improve more in English it's good for the soul but it's not necessarily good for your English off-putting is anything which is distracting because put someone off means distracts them so if something is off-putting is distracting and by the way the words on the screen can be quite distracting sometimes I'm afraid I can't read them and talk about these verbs at the same time because there the words are simply too off-putting and I'll lose my flow okay if there's a toss-up then this literally means a toss of the coin and so when you say I don't know what to do today it's a toss-up between going to the restaurant or going to the cinema you're saying is a 50/50 choice between those two options and quite often people say it's a toss-up between a and B and it means it's a 50-50 it could go either way you're not sure it could be this it could be excellent could be why it's 50/50 toss up is always 50/50 ongoing means currently happening so what's ongoing at the moment I'm not sure but in about 15 minutes there will be an ongoing lesson on my computer in 15 minutes but all sorts of things are ongoing at the moment there's a lot of media hype about all sorts of rubbish and so that media hype is ongoing it's just in the will in the middle of it and it's taking place at the moment upcoming means it's gonna be happening in a moment so my lesson is upcoming is gonna be happening in 15 minutes in 10 minutes I'll better speed up an outbreak could be an outbreak of fire war or disease really it's always gonna be something horrible with an outbreak and it's because we say fire breaks out disease breaks out war breaks out an epidemic breaks out so an outbreak is a sudden explosion of conflict or war or disease something like that pour over documents means examine documents with it scrutinize them carefully examine them carefully be riddled with holes or be riddled with disease they're the two main collocations for this it means be full of holes or be full of disease you can also say it's riddled with problems it's always negative this be riddled with and it means be full of something negative sail through is always used with exams really Orban interview something like that and if you sail through exams or you sell through an interview you pass the exams with flying colors you pass them easily and you sell through the interview you you deal with the questions really well and at the end they said you are perfect person for the job you've got it if them hanker after something you yearn for something it's the same as yearn for means you really want something and so perhaps a young teenager may hanker after the love of his life but you can hanker after anything it's anything you strongly desire that you really really want if you brush someone off that just means that I mean it literally means this you can brush something off your t-shirt yeah if you've got some dust on your t-shirt you can brush it off but if you brush someone off you want to get rid of them for some reason and you very often fob them off with a lame excuse which just means when you get rid of what you want to get rid of someone and you do it with something which is of lower quality than they actually want then you fob them off with an excuse now politicians have a habit of glossing over the details which just means they avoid the details they skirt around the details and so gloss over works very well with details and it's usually used in a negative sense when somebody's trying to deceive you and avoid mentioning the the real details what's actually going on now if something bears on something else it has a relationship with something else it has relevance to something else so all of these phrasal verbs bear bond the first 10 chapters of advance phrasal verbs it just means there's a connection between them if you call in on a friend you drop by or drop round or any of the other phrasal verbs which are useful when you just socially go and knock on someone's door now in a meeting you need to put across your ideas clearly so cut across be used to convey an idea come across can mean two different it can mean meat something accidentally usually an object so not meat but just find something accidentally you could come across an old watch at the market but also how you come across at the meeting it's been used in a second way here for how you represent yourself the impression that you give other people of yourself is how you come across okay spur on is in coverage so if you spur someone on as a teacher I try and spur on my students to learn as many new words as possible and repeat the grammar and avoid the mistakes that kind of thing it's out adding come out against is when you publicly oppose something very similar to speak out against boil down to come down to hinge on are all very similar it's when you give the reasons for something happening so you might say global warming boils down to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere it comes down to the build-up it hinges on here it means it ultimately depends on now I don't happen to think that but it's just an example eat into or chip away act or eat away at all mean erode and then the often it's use metaphorically so you might say that your kids are are chipping away at or eating away at your free time or chipping away at your finances taking them out that kind of thing now if you fish something out your pocket it means you just it's not easy to get it out your pocket and then you finally fish it out you might fish your keys out if you pocket you might fish your keys out of the bag and I put that with these free which are quite similar which is when you have a bag of possessions and you're looking through the bag like this it's a bit different from fish out which is more like this but if you're managing through or you're sifting food when you let customs maybe one of the customs officers decides to rifle through your suitcase they've certainly done it to me several times I must look suspicious now if you dig your heels in it means you're being stubborn and you're not gonna be bossed around you're not gonna change your mind about something so you dig your heels in and you're gonna keep to your you're gonna stick to your guns there another expression as an idiom stick to your guns you're not going to change your position you're gonna dig your heels in and remain in your position no matter how much somebody tries to persuade you otherwise and if you let off steam you're chilling out you need to relax somewhere and let off steam so you might go to the sauna to let off steam that would be a good idea mattock phrase to use from the sauna now if you decided to sex something up it means make it more attractive or nicely so you might try and sex up a report a medium report or something further with some kind of press release which is being made you might try and sex it up to get more leaders but don't forget jazz up and do up which are quite similar because if you just something up you make it more attractive and if you do up your house you're decorating it checkout is relaxed so now it means be catatonic so if you've drunk too much you might slow now because it sounds like you're sitting there like a cat zombie I think people just generally zone out in front of TV films that kind of thing if you put two about you're just walking around somewhere rather aimlessly enjoying the walk and so it's a way of walking it's like amble around or or just walk around without any particular aim now if you hang around somewhere you light up and it's the same as just hanging so the kids here in England they always hang around McDonald's and I've never understood why well I suppose it's because of the cheap food but they always hang around outside McDonald's if you boss someone around that's negative it means that you're giving them too many instructions and you're telling them what to do usually skirt around the truth which is similar to gloss over the details it means avoid the truth say everything else but not the truth and just avoid that bit which will probably upset everybody if you faff around that means you waste time doing something when you've got something really if you wait you waste time doing something when you've got something really important that you should be doing so one of my friends at university always fast around and we called him the fat King and it just meant we were all waiting for him to go to universe and he would be doing other things like cleaning his teeth and then going upstairs and changing his socks and doing anything else small and unimportant when he should be coming with us to go to our classes okay a workaround is like a loophole it's something that Maddon it's another way of getting to your aim or achieving your goal but getting around any kind of difficulty on the way so quite often you need to find a workaround if something is hindering your progress if something is holding you back you might need to find a workaround mess around just means play around and so does das around I think when I was at school we used to Doss around in English and it was because it was so easy we never used to learn any grandma it's a real shame we should have done but now they're bringing in a lot of grammar now I really have to go right now cuz I have a student coming in one minute so thanks everybody for watching and I hope to see you all soon

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Keywords: advanced phrasal verbs, phrasal verbs, learn phrasal verbs, study phrasal verbs, phrasal verb course, phrasal verb lessons

Id: YAcWS7FAGLQ

Length: 24min 42sec (1482 seconds)

Published: Mon Aug 14 2017