What Distance Should you Zero your AR 15?

[Music] everybody Eric from green-eyed tactical wanted to do a quick video about a topic that's uh it keeps popping up over the years here with me and it's come up recently as well on on some forums and Facebook pages and whatnot so I wanted to do a real quick video this isn't going to be a crazy production it's a well it's about 2:30 in the morning right now this is when I usually get up so I just kind of slapped my camera and stuff up in the office and covered up my door to the the front room there just so I could put this out I'm not gonna do any fancy picture-in-picture stuff so I just you know slap together some slides on a PowerPoint you know so we can see some graphics here so I apologize that this isn't you know a better production quality but I just kind of wanted to put something out here real quick and get some thoughts so what this topic is that usually comes up it usually starts with a question right and that question is what distance should I zero my ar-15 at there's a lot of different ideas being put out there techniques types of zeros you'll have to excuse my coffee drinking it's early so I need to get my copy and take up so it starts with that question so I kind of wanted to drill down to that a little bit this isn't necessarily to call anyone out but I do want to call out some facts and and some some myths and principles and hey if you've got different ideas you can feel free to post in the comments we'll talk about it so moving on here let's let's talk about zeroing and again sorry you know if this is hard to see I'm just trying to put some stuff together here with some graphics that already have for other classes and whatnot so when we talk about zeroing right there's a few different aspects that we need to agree on first so the first thing are the three different accesses that we need to be concerned with right I'm just gonna kind of point over here at the TV so the first one this black line I don't know if it looks black or blue in the camera or not that's your line assignment so your uncorrect at line-of-sight parallel to the ground directly towards your target line right that's that's your line sight picture your head and I aligned behind optic looking straight out there it's a straight line the next thing is going to be the blue line which is the line of bore bore axis whatever you want to talk about it I just think is if you put a laser inside of that barrel and it's perfectly collimated to the to the barrel and aligned to it and it's it's shooting straight out it's uncorrect it to the sights right now and it's parallel with the ground right it would if it was completely parallel to the ground just like the sights were it should be aimed right at a target spaced within the height over bore which is another aspect we need to talk about which is the or sight height whatever you prefer to call it it's the vertical height that the sight is above the axis of bore and it's it is a critical measurement that you need and they're different on some setups here the next thing that we're going to be looking at is this yellow line and that's the bullet trajectory now what this is is uncorrectable of trajectory so it's just like if you had the barrel that was completely parallel to the earth or more appropriately perpendicular to the axis of gravity that bullet is going to begin dropping as soon as it leaves support of the barrel so gravity is always affecting the round even when it's in its casing even when it's in the magazine gravity's always trying to accelerate it towards towards the earth so as soon as it leaves the barrel it begins dropping bullets do not have any lift properties okay some people brought well what about aerodynamic jump oh that's something else okay and I don't want to get too deep into some of these topics I do in some of the classes but I just kind of want to give broad strokes here so you know we we get enough information out there that you understand some of these concepts so the bullet begins dropping as soon as it leaves the barrel now the bullet drop right one thing to kind of make sure you've got your head wrapped around app is all bullets at the same speed they all drop at the same rate the difference is is velocity time time of flight so the time it took you to get from here to there right so if you took two bullets in your hand of completely different rain weights different ballistic coefficients whatever and drop them they're all gonna hit the ground at the same time right so as it moves out it begins to slow down and the drops going to increase as we go out there because it's covering less distance right for the time that it's traveling does that kind of make sense so that's place you get more increased drop so that's really what's causing your drop its gravity in time of flight that's right and there's a number of other factors won't walking into here but those are the kind of broad strokes so getting into that the zeroing process we know that you know our bullets aren't hitting the ground you know in front of the target or we hope they don't what we're really doing is we're rear efference Ingush sights right so we're using the sights to reference where the barrels pointed and we'll modify where that site appears to us by adjusting it and causing the rifle to incline the press skew left or right whatever we need to to do but the accesses are going to remain the same right so we've got a line of our corrected line of sight that's still moving out towards the target and the correction in the line of sight has caused us to bring the barrel up obviously this isn't to scale you know you're not angling the barrel up that far it's just so you can see it right you're still getting the bullet falling away down towards gravity from the axis of bore as soon as it leaves the barrel so even though the bullet is coming up towards your line of sight it's still falling away from your line of bore as soon as it leaves support of the barrel okay that's that's something important to understand it's also important to understand if you're gonna do some laser for lighting figure out offset zeros because the bullet trajectory is going to be different than what your wild boar is depending on what distance you're doing it at so it's falling away now traditional zeros and we'll get into some of these four ARS are usually going to have to intersect people call these different different names right you just don't want to get too wrapped around the axle it's when it passed through your line of sight twice usually for most zeroes people set up they may call them the near intersect and the far intersect right near zero far zero whatever yeah it doesn't really matter the other aspect that you're going to want to understand is the the maximum ordinate or the apogee of the round the highest that the round is going to get over your line of sight so at some point it's going to pass through your line of sight move up right and it's going to get above your line of sight and then it's going to move down right and then it's gonna be below kind of makes sense and this is just kind of showing of 25300 which we'll talk about here in a minute but if you want to make sure we're kind of kind of clear on those different parts of the zero and how that's working right most you guys you probably already know this but it's always good to cover it so getting back to that fundamental question which zero should I use right now before I get into that well drink some coffee here before I get into that let's talk about the common zeros that are that are pushed out in the industry right so these these are standard zeros right so we've got the 25300 which is a standard military doctrine zero I'm pretty familiar with it you know hey I'm ex-military as well and we get a lot of guys that are in the military you know coming out in the industry and teaching so we we tend to teach what we what we know right even though sometimes we may not completely understand the reasons behind it right now there is a specific process to that and it depends on what different weapons system you're using in the military right because there's different especially with iron sights there's different drum adjustments there's different offset targets right and it's because we we've got labs and people in the Department of Defense that they figure out all the g-wiz stuff for you so Joe Snuffy doesn't have to worry about that he just he follows instructions zeros as he's told to and moves on right because he's got a lot of lot of other stuff to worry about at that time so the other one is gonna be the the 5200 which is pretty popular in the industry here I get a lot of guys they're told like hey you should zero your rifle at 50 you know and understand that hey I'm kind of crossing between meters and yards which it's gonna happen because in the civilian industry here or even law enforcement a lot of times we're talking about yards right in the military these zeroes are meters right unless I believe the Marine Corps modifies their 25300 to a 36-yard zero that would comp combinate for the the Z stop on the are the different in the difference in trajectory because it 25 300 is not if you 0 25 for a military zero it's not exactly at 300 but if you 0 300 is not exactly at 25 so there's no I think they do 36 I don't pay too much attention what the Marines do I love you guys though so 5,200 I believe that was a my history's right that was a Marine Corps officer that came up with a Santos modified zero but it's it's pushed out you know in the industry quite a bit you know theories like hey if you're 50 200 right you're you zero at 50 you're on at 200 right and the the other third most popular one is going to be the hundred yard zero right now if guys using scopes this could be at a hundred yards or 100 meters and the reason for that is so that all the corrections and reticle subtenant are going to to match up and you're not gonna have to do a whole under excessively at closer distances which if you zero at farther distances you may actually have to hold under instead of a hold over which kind of changes how we're doing things a little bit but it's also being pushed out in the tactical industry as well so that guys don't have to worry too much about holds and stuff out to a hundred you're just your center holding out to a hundred barn CQB hold over it close distances and then just hold overs there right so it's it's kind of being pushed out on both sides whether it's a scope topic or a tactical rifle right so these are standard zeros right now before I kind of deep dive into these a little bit let's let's talk about some things that are going to affect just remember that that standard word standard zero right or here's a principals or whatever whatever people want to call it factors that are gonna affect your zero right now there's different ways to break this out I just kind of threw into three different categories that kind of makes sense to me you've got your ammunition your rifle and your environment your weather right those your three main factors now granted we're we're just doing the mechanical portion of the zero we're not really talking about fundamentals right now right we're talking about mechanically matching your trajectory to your optic and making your Corrections right fundamentals as a whole whole another ball of wax but those are the three main categories that I've kind of split out their ammunition rifle under environment well dribbles down here a little bit so with the ammunition what the the chief thing that we need to worry about here is is velocity right and there's things that are gonna affect the velocity some more coffee it's still early remember what I said about time of flight right the the velocity of the round is going to drastically affect your drop there's things that are gonna affect the velocity number one the amount of propellant what it's loaded with right most most civilian rounds are going to be SPECT too-sami certifications we're just going to limit the chamber pressure that it's gonna be able to push out it's a voluntary thing it's not not mandatory the the NATO rounds are going to be completely different they might run a little bit hotter but they're also tested completely differently the it's it's very difficult to compare a list of chamber pressure for a NATO round off of that contract to a civilian one because the the testing process for that's different the next thing is going to be the burn rate fast versus slow if you go and look on a lot of manufacturers websites for propellant guys that reload no this they're going to burn different rates and they're gonna have pressure spikes at different rates because really that's that's what we're doing we're kind of causing an explosion rapid expansion of gases with the heat and pressure to push the round out and these these rounds are gonna burn at different rate obviously we wouldn't want you know just a huge pressure spike in the beginning we're trying to accelerate that round out of the barrel and use the link of that barrel to our advantage right we're trying to push it as long as it's in the barrel for as long as we can and accelerate that round to the desired speed right so some are gonna burn faster slower some are gonna have double pressure spikes which if you look at some of the data there you'll you'll see some different formulations that will have more than one pressure spike in the in the burn rate but that's that's important to know another thing to note here is even even though it's kind of vogue in the industry there is no true SBR optimized ammunition on the market we're gonna get into barrel lengths here in a minute I've got a lot of data on on ammunition just due to the nature of my tactical rifle fundamentals course a lot of my other courses we do data collection and you know we figure out the best zeros for guys rifles and I've got you know a computer full of a collective velocity data on different types of rounds and things like that and I've yet to see a round that's that's truly SBR optimized you think shorter barrel it's got to have a really fast burn rate and you can get higher pressures for that it's gonna it's gonna create more you're gonna just physics you need more energy right because that's you need energy to move mass and if you need to move mass to a set speed in a shorter distance you need more energy just happens right there there are some rounds that do you perform better I get better velocity out of some shorter barrels but I wouldn't call it a true SBR optimized round now there's some other special operations rounds that are out there a manufacturer that does it doesn't even admit that they they make it it's a it's a JSOC only round so you're not gonna get that so good luck the next thing is gonna be powder temperature all right so powder temperature is gonna affect velocity remember I said that that powder that propellant that's in the casing there gets ignited by the primer and starts that rapid expansion of gases and different powder formulations are gonna be sensitive to different temperature bands right just common sense that powder starts at a lower temperature it's going to have a different burn characteristic than if it starts at a higher temperature kind of makes sense and you can easily see that on the range if you're doing data collection like I've got a lab radar right here where you can take you know a magazine of ammo stick it cooler right cool it off really well and you'd get pretty cheap like little laser register thermal guns or whatever you know an Amazon flight you know 19 bucks I'd be super accurate you'll get an idea what the temperature is and if you can get that internal pressure down because it's internal not the casing temperature but the actual powder temperature inside you get that down and then take another magazine and have it laying out in the hot Sun like maybe in the summer and then real quickly you shoot them you know side by side here and and test the ammunition you'll see different velocities right that that's gonna happen generally you're gonna see faster velocities and hotter temperature and lower velocities in colder temperature but the thing to understand is that powder temperature isn't linear and I've seen this kind of kind of put out on forums and things like that where people say like hey you're gonna get X amount of velocity per degree okay and the problem is they don't represent that as a general rule to say generally but it's gonna vary they don't say that they'll say you're gonna get X amount of feet per second per degree that's not true powder powder temperature is not a linear right it's it's some people call it a bell curve it's more of an S curve you're gonna have some different sweet spots in there and some powder is gonna be or susceptible to temperature changes somes not going to be susceptible at all or will not at all but less right they're gonna have sweet spots where they're gonna be more or less sensitive right the the contract requirements for the DoD rounds for like I think it's XM 193 or the m1 m193 and m855 I believe it's it's 70 degrees Fahrenheit swear it's it's supposed to have a sweet spot but they're all gonna have different bands the only way to do that is to actually test it and see where it is right unless the manufacturers gonna give that information out to you but I tend not to trust all information given out by manufacturers because they're selling your product right so that whole trust but verify I just don't trust and verify anyways so that yeah powder temperature not linear it's gonna affect velocity next thing is gonna be bullet mass right so why does bullet mass affect the bullet velocity well remember we said we're we're creating energy to to move mass so the more mass an object has the more energy it takes to accelerate right so if you you know if you had a 62 grain round and a 50 grain round or a 70 and a 50 right it's going to take more energy to accelerate the higher grain round than it is going to be the lower one that's that's just common physics it takes energy to accelerate mass so that that can and will affect your velocity right ballistic coefficient so ballistic coefficient is something that's going to have more effect once it leaves the barrel the ballistic coefficient is is kind of summarized as a numerical representation from from a formula that's going to describe or display the bullets efficiency at passing through that column of air in front of you or downrange right it's also variable on velocity right so that's something else important to understand the ballistic coefficient of the round actually changes as the velocity changes and it's going to be different forever around you know generally you'll start to see an increase in efficiency as it accelerates up to a certain point of course if it accelerates too much it's going to go ahead and start to destabilize it could based off the twist rate and then it's it's going to drop off and it's going to do some funny things in the transonic barrier as well but it's variable on velocity so that's important to understand because usually when you pick up your box or you look you know vamo or you look on the manufacturers website it's gonna have one number and you got to be real careful trusting that number on the kind of factors website because there have been manufacturers who have been kind of caught out being a little generous with their ballistic coefficients you know higher ballistic coefficients better lowers worse and you know not everybody wants to sell a product that's going to be worse right that's just that just kind of common sense right so that's kind of those words are kind of hard to see aren't they well we'll see if we can bring it up here and post at it a little bit so amount of propellant burn rate powder temperature bullet mass ballistic coefficient right there's really good solutions for a ballistic coefficients one of the the great tools that you know I use are the applied ballistics tools they'll have custom drag curves for a lot of bullets that are out there because they've gone out there with you know either Doppler whatever you know high speed stuff they've got and figured out what the precise drag curve is for the round as it passes through different velocity gates so that that's really helpful and there's also ways to true up your ballistic coefficient based off of time of flight to target in truing up your drops and things like that which are gonna require some decent fundamental skills to be able to group consistently and without major error alright so moving on rifle so I already mentioned site Heights site Heights important now I have seen some people on the interwebs you know oh hey cuz they see you know kind of X special operations guys you know like me or different guys out in the industry we run our optics up on a riser and there's multiple reasons for that it does make it easier to get in the prone especially at low prone I have a less angled position my head's more vertical I can get the buttstock in more send a line for CQB which frees up more deflection towards my firing side especially when I'm moving laterally towards mine on firing side in different things like that and it it helps a few things but one of the other things that helps is it helps keep my head vertical and up right behind the rifle which is important with night vision right because you can't glance through through night vision tubes you have to keep those tubes aligned if we're gonna use her optic right so there's a lot of different reasons for that and I've seen some some guys on the industry look like oh you're gonna problems with launch angle what are you talking about like what are you making stuff up here maybe you're just assuming that if I've got a three and three-quarter inch height over bore then I'm gonna zero to the same distance is a guy with a two and a half inch height of rapport yeah I'm gonna have some issues then but that would be stupid I wouldn't do that I'd do the map and figure out the best distance to zero it out and it's actually gonna have some added gains here which I'll talk about here in a minute with regards to pushing out my zero so sight height is critical because you're referencing your sights to your barrel so the amount of angle that you're pushing to get out there based off of velocity and bullet draw you know matching up the absolute bullet drop to the side height and figuring out where we can get go out to is going to be important next thing is gonna be barrel lengths right now barrel length isn't something that you're gonna put into a ballistic calculator but it's something important to consider and understand right guys who are running an 18-inch barrel 16-inch barrel 14 and 1/2 inch barrel ten point four or ten point five or whatever flavor you're running of the day you're going to get different velocities right remember we talked about those burn rates most of those velocities that you're gonna see on the ammunition boxes that you get from manufacturers they're gonna be tested out of you know 20 inch blank barrel I have seen some that shows some test results I have a 14 and 1/2 inch did things like that but generally we're gonna we're gonna get better velocity out of longer barrels so as we get shorter right that that burn rate of that powder is for a certain time right burn a certain time to maximize the amount of energy to push that round out of the barrel because if it burnt too quick right then you're gonna get friction in the barrel that's going to decelerate the round before it leaves that would be bad if it's too slow with the burn rate that powder still going to be expanding after that bullet leaves the barrel and then you're just you're just gonna get unburned powder out of the end of the barrel that's pushed out or just big muzzle flashes right and that's why when guys are shooting super you know SBR so you know these 10-inch barrels you you get big muzzle flashes and things like that that's that's propellant still expanding after the bullets already left you know when you shoot longer barrels you don't quite get that so much right so there's a balancing act and they're all different right so those are just things to consider when you're dropping down to an SBR make sure you understand what your you're getting for what you're giving up you know I'm not gonna say right or wrong that's going to depend off of your requirements and your needs right or for some people wants you know all right next thing is gonna be a twist rate now your twist rate does affect your velocity right it's more for the stability around like we want a certain twist rate to be able to stabilize around as it goes out you know military barrels often run one to one in seven inches but that's mainly for a heavier grain like tracer rounds and different things like that that you don't usually see out in the industry here you know one Nate even 109 you know is fine depending on what your what type of ammo you're running out here but with that you know I'm pulled a an actual study that lits did with the applied ballistics and if if you don't have these books or you know been to one of their seminars you know I'd highly recommend it there don't be intimidated by how thick these books are they're written in in common terms that are easy to understand you can kind of read through it and get a better understanding of what we're talking about but I've pulled up one of the studies that he did and granted this this wasn't with a 5 5 6 round with a different calendar round but they actually showed that you can get a one point three three feet per second change per inch of twist that you've added to a barrel so it's it's minor but they also showed that it will actually affect your ballistic coefficient due to gyroscopic stability as well right how much the round is going to wobble or yaw through the air it's going to affect its efficiency moving through the air right so it's pretty interesting study if you google it you can figure it out but it's it's a it's a minor effect but it can't happen right next thing is gonna be environment right so when we when we talk about an environment now we're getting into to some extent external ballistics but it can be back to powder temperature as well right with the ambient air pressure our ambient air temperature how it's gonna affect those apples round casings right and how hot or cold they're gonna get right but when we when we get into this we're really talking about the column of air that the bullets passing through right so we we mentioned the ballistic coefficients the it's a numerical representation of the rounds efficiency of passing through that air mass because airs going to cause drag it's going to cause resistance for it to pass through so the density and composition of that air mass is gonna affect its ability to pass through it's gonna affect how wind drifts gonna affect it you know based off of all that and how much drop we're gonna get so first thing barometric pressure weight somebody's probably squirming and their seats right now barometric pressure is is a generally known term most people know what barometric pressure is right because when you go to your weather apps it you know that's that's what it's pulling right most your weather stations are no problem while they may be doing that but here's the thing what barometric pressure is is its pressure corrected to sea level your bullet does not care what the pressure at sea level is it doesn't it cares what the pressure is where you are where that rounds can be fired from and where it's traveling to right so what we really want is the uncorrect of pressure which is station pressure and that's something important to understand you know if you're using ballistic calculators or you know your kestrels or whatever make sure you're using uncorrect pressure usually with your kestrels if you see a reference altitude they're using corrected you want a nun corrected make sure you understand that if you're just kind of looking up a weather app or whatever because what I'm going to use barometric pressure because it's comparative you've got a constant there with sea-level so you can compare different regions pressure for weather patterns so station pressure right next things gonna be air temperature right hotter air tends to be less dense colder air tends to be more dense wind speed right now wind speed we generally think of that as wind drift but it can also affect our drops especially if we're getting a straight 12 o'clock or six o'clock wind right if the winds moving towards us right that's that's more drag it's passing through more air as it moves out and it's going to have more of an effect on the ballistic coefficient cause it to drop sooner because it's going to slow down even though it's passing through the the same amount of air that mass of air is is moving so it's you know it's air speeds different than the ground speed and we're really kind of looking at ground distance covered four drops not air distance the next thing is going to be humidity all right so all those factors are gonna go in there that are gonna come up with a solution you know a lot of your solvers will come up with a density altitude other factors and it'll it'll be done for you a lot of them are automated and if you really want to give them to the math of it of how to do all the math yourself there's plenty of resources out there I'm not really going to deep dive this right now just want to kind of cover the the main aspect so everyone understands right so that's a lot of variables right we had three different categories there's multiple variables in there that's going to affect your your zero the the ballistic trajectory right so really want to think about that how many of you guys are all shooting the same rifle the same ammunition the same site set up right when we say same ammunition that that doesn't mean 5 5 6 or 2 2 3 right all of it is not the same right and we're gonna get into that here in a minute but they're all different right so what's gonna be different your drops right so how much does it matter I'll talk about drops I hope you guys can can see that there it should be if not I'll try to darken it up here in post how much does that matter it's a this is these are numbers here from my my last class that I did I'm gonna tilt this light down real quick that looked like it helped out a little bit there so these are the numbers from the last class that I did where we did some zeroing and these these aren't all the rifles I just kind of pulled some select ones because something gets a little repetitive and what we've got here is a number of different rifles 16-inch barrels 10 10 and 1/2 14 and 1/2 inch of barrels and I'm not gonna go and like you know the twist rates and stuff like that because we're just going to talk about the the muzzle velocity because there's a lot of different differences between these but we're just gonna talk about uncorrect to drop s-- at 300 yards for comparison right now when I do the collection I use a lab radar here it's a pretty good piece of kit now understand like you don't this isn't a rich man's game you don't lab radars are nice they're pretty accurate I've got a pretty good amount of confidence in them but you can get a cheap shooting chrony from Bass Pro or Cabela's or whatever is it gonna be as precise no but it's probably more precise than the numbers on the box that you've got because it's actually gonna measure what you have and it can be a little bit more finicky based off of white conditions but you don't have to you know drop I don't know what these things are now like four or five hundred two hundred bucks or whatever you know on a chronograph you can get a cheaper one to pull this data and figure it out yourself right or going with a buddy you know so last class is under correct to drop it at three hundred yards right so the first group I've got here are four different rifles in the 16 inch flavor so these are 16 inch barrels right now the first three we're all shooting X m193 alright which is a really popular round out in the industry or load you know that guys use it's nice it runs really hot it's a it's got a lot of velocity out of it so it shoots kind of flat it doesn't have as much drop out distance courses a lighter weight round so you're gonna start having some some issues when you get out the distance but you know it's it's a pretty good easy around to shoot for most ARS because you're not having to worry about holds as much as you know larger 70 grain rounds so the first one here we've got had an average most velocity say most of what its average muzzle velocity of the collaborator of three thousand twelve feet per second now the ABS the uncorrect have dropped me a barrels we've zeroed out the zero distance is just a flat barrel is twenty seven point three one four inches right and the way we do this is out all through all this data and to apply ballistics and we'll you know throw in the drag curves and all this stuff and you know all the all the weather in atmospherics which which a oh by the way if you want something real cheap too or cheaper then you know high-speed you know apply ballistics kestrel the kestrel d3 drops are pretty good you can get them for just a little over a hundred bucks on Amazon and it just syncs to your phone via bluetooth and you get all the all the density altitude and you know all the all the different data that you need but anyway so back to this twenty seven point three on four inches at 300 now this is uncorrect 'add okay so it hasn't been zero this is just a barrel that's pointing perpendicular to the line of gravity or parallel to the ground right theoretically next one is another XM one nine three with an average velocity of 3000 150 feet per second and it had a absolute drop 300 corrected drop of 23 inches and the third one was an average velocity of three thousand 27 feet per second and it had a drop of twenty four point nine inches now right off the bat some guys probably oh those numbers don't add up why are they different it's all the same ammunition no it wasn't so you've got different manufacturers that make X m193 right not everybody shook showing up with federal you know castoffs X M 193 you'll have a number of different manufacturers that will call their ammo X m193 and guess what you get different results that's why the relationship towards the velocity and drop isn't the same right so it's just just something to think about we get different results with those things right now the next one that we've got here is a 55 grain Hornady right it was a lake city reloads I believe and they weren't weren't too bad consistency wise and it had an average velocity of 27 82 feet per second with the absolute calculator drop of 29 inches at 300 right so those are all 16-inch barrels all have different drops out at 300 right so the the total difference between the X m193 right we're dealing with what its early math take a sip of coffee here before I do simple subtraction 4.3 1/4 inches all right maybe calculators over there then our 55 you know 29 inches so hey you know we're dealing with what 7 inches no no six inches it's it's it's early I'll drink more coffee or have a monster or something so a difference of six inches of drop between those two right so we're starting to get into some significant differences between drops uncorrect two drops three hundred right and these are all 16-inch barrels all running by five six you know loads or ar-15 loads and people be like oh it's it's all the same oh yeah you're shooting standardized ammunition it's all five five six no no they're all different of course the rifles were different manufacturers slightly different twist rates all different right same class next one we had a ten and a half inch barrel this guy was running Black Hills 55 Green TSX I actually I don't think it was Black Hills I think it was something else I'd have to look but it was 55 Green TSX and it had an average most velocity of two thousand six hundred and thirty eight feet per second with a none corrected drop at three hundred of thirty one point six inches writes now now you're seeing a difference between SPRs and longer barrels right and that just is what it is I didn't pull the data for we actually shot that 55 Green TSX out of a 16 inch barrel and we were getting up around twenty nine eight two thousand nine hundred eighty feet per second who's running pretty well out of a sixteen inch but when we got down to ten and a half it's getting some pretty good muzzle flashes so thirty one point six inches right quite a bit more now we got another one here which is interesting a fourteen and a half inch barrel and I'm gonna talk about this one on the next slide because it's an interesting kind of been yet for what we're talking about here to reinforce things so this guy was running a round that's often popular in the law enforcement industry that I'm not a huge fan of but it's 60 grain quantity tap I think is their urban tap it had a average most velocity of two thousand three hundred and thirty-four feet per second with a nun corrected rhop of 41.2 a inches yeah so quite a quite a bit slower right you know usually I don't expect to see those velocities unless it's out of a out of an SBR now granted I didn't take time to inspect the barrel or anything like that you know it the standard deviation an extreme spread when we looked at it was was pretty good it was within tolerances so we're alright if you don't understand what standard deviation and extreme spread is with rounds this will calculate it before you know what to spend too much time talking about it but that's pretty easy to Google and look up and you'll get a good explanation for and it's it's another good corollary effect of a good photograph is allows you to test for the consistence in the ammo that you're buying right to make sure you're not lying kind of crappy ammo because a high extreme spread or standard deviation with your ammunition can induce vertical py error at distance right just because different velocity different drop right so yeah the difference between the min and Max drop off of those calculations is eighteen point two eight inches right we're getting into the realm if you're doing the whole high center mass you know or a minute of man and whatever kind of stuff you're doing where you could be missing a torso definitely missing the head shot right now of course people say like oh well hey if I'm aiming at the head and I and I'm low I'm gonna hit the body well you're assuming a vertical guy not a guy that's poking up over a wall or around a corner or something like that mrs. can be a miss at that point right and depending on how complicated the foreground and background is you know and adjacency of non hostels that can be a catastrophic event right so a little bit of a difference so yeah that that's kind of interesting now and we're talking about standard zeros right twenty-five three hundred fifty two hundred right or you gonna you gonna tell me that all of these guys are gonna be on so if we 0 all these rifles at 50 they're going to be on at 200 if we zero them all at 25 they're all gonna be on at 300 no a lot of rifle setups it's going to be mathematically impossible for them to intersect both it 50 and 200 unless you start artificially changing the the sight height to make that possible to get that trajectory that happen right it is right now it also depends on what you're accepting right if you're accepting the good enough right then then whatever why even call that a 50 200 0 right 0 means 0 I'm zeroed there my point of aim equals my point of impact done right you're not you're not it's not it's not honest to call a rifle zeroed if you're accepting a minute of man accuracy right I hit somewhere in this target or hey I hit the 60-inch gong at 300 yards I'm zeroed no no I'm not gonna accept that you can say I'm I'm hitting in my acceptable aiming area my acceptable standard of accuracy at 300 that's fine you know but yeah I've got issues with people calling that a 0 right zero means zero and you know that yeah they're all different so let's move on here and this is why I get so fired up about this so if you're wondering why I'm on a rant about this Wow I call it a rant you know I'm just trying to explain the data behind all this this is why so that remember that 14 and a half inch rifle well that was a law enforcement duty weapon that was an active serving law enforcement officer and I see this happen all the time right and a lot of times they'll run 50 yards zeros because number one they were told 5200 works you should zero your rifle at fifty right the NRA is bad about this this too because and it's it's not really their fault but their law enforcement instructor program their course of fire they're testing Corsa fire only goes out to fifty and the reason for that is a lot of law enforcement agencies especially like local law enforcement agencies don't have ranges they can shoot at that go past 50 yards some are lucky if they have a 50 so because of that when the when the NRA made their law enforcement course testing standards they only did it out 250 because if they did it out to 100 200 300 you'd have a large portion of law enforcement agencies that couldn't even do the testing protocols a lot of law enforcement agencies themselves you know their own internal tests only go out to 50 and I have running some that they do shoot their rifles out farther you know I do encourage that because hey the enemy gets a vote at what distance that engagement occurs that right you don't you don't always dictate the time and place for that engagement right and you know I'll hear people throughout well it's a cqb weapon yeah hey in Texas we are high schools here pretty big you can easily get a 200-yard internal shot in a central access corridor I mean hotels a lot of hotels you can push over a hundred yards inside shopping malls they did that's that's CQB man you you can get up to 300 yard shots inside of a lot of malls right enemy gets a boat so let's get back to this LED weapon so he was zeroed at 50 yards because that's what he was told to do right and it wasn't really watered too it's just like hey this is you're on here right so fifty two hundred he'd been carrying this for years right unfortunately the first time he shot it out past 50 was during this course right so when I pulled the data for his ammunition and we actually had good data on the tap rounds that was in the apply ballistics custom dragon curves and I usually trust that when it's in there they've got a good date on stuff the calculated maximum ordinate app to the highest around was getting over the line of sight for a 50-yard zero was 0.6 nine inches that's it so just just over a half inch pretty pretty negligible your your ability to distinguish a half inch through a nun magnified optic it nine yards it's gonna be pretty limited anyways I mean your your dots gonna be bigger at 200 yards right because that's that's where you're supposed to be zeroed right zeroed at 50 0 200 where the round was at 200 here it was low four point six four inches right so hey four and a half five inches low at yeah at 200 that that is putting you in the realm of missing a head shot now some people might say well oh that's that's pretty close well the inner the other thing you have to understand is you have to understand the the multiplication of errors right the compounding effect of shooting errors so if if you get in the mindset especially is a guy who's using this weapon as a profession right so when I look at these weapons a I've got a soul focus they they are designed with the sole purpose of applying lethal force that's it now that they're tweaked and used in different ways they can be used for sporting right they can't be used for hunting even though that you're still applying lethal force you know when you're hunting you know they can be used for entertainment but hey you know mmm I don't like thinking about them as being fun because now you're getting into some some issues with the heart of you know the firearm safety rule number one you know treat a weapon as if it's loaded at all times like you have to treat it with respect so yeah that's that's how I look at these things and it's pretty pretty serious right so yet to two hundred yards almost almost six inches you're you could be missing a head shot when these errors start to magnify if we're accepting you know four and a half to five inches at 200 what else are we accepting how good was our precise was our zero was our was our zero perfect or was it good enough that distance right or not a distance because a lot of guys who do this they're only shooting that rifle on paper at that near intersect and they're never confirming it before intersect right so they may think they're you know reasonably close to the center of that aiming point on the target but if they push that distance they'd probably be seen that by needs a little tweaking a little click here there how precise are with with our head alignment through the object because these red dot optics are not parallax free and if they're not all equal they're not all the same they're not all constant different distances those those are complete myths and if you still subscribe to that myth just swing on over to my website or google my parallax study green eye tactical red dot parallax or something like that it'll come up it's on the website - it's an 84 page report that I that I did with a number of different data points that pretty demonstrably shows yet have somebody come up and refute that with what data yet but yeah check that out so parallax is a thing how much are we accepting with that how bright is is dot right because the brighter the dot is the larger blue and we're gonna get and perceive you know the more it's gonna cover and it doesn't mean it's less precise but it can cause difficulties with consistently referencing the target right how much error we accept him there how much fun fundamental error are we applying what about range estimation what about wins right all of those things are going to add and compound so if you get in the frame of mind of accepting error right it's gonna compound and it's gonna make the Ender bigger and really there's no reason for this right because this is just data collection right why why why would you accept error there right this doesn't really take a whole bunch of time but you know whatever you can map this stuff out in Athens there so 200 yards four point six four inches 250 yards he was low seven point three three inches and 300-yard he was twenty one point three inches right now I've got a plus or minus three inches here let me explain that so the zero that that I like to use guys is a custom zero right I'll I'll do a point blank range zero military refers to it as a battle site zero it can also be referred to as a maximum point blank range zero and what that's doing is its establishing a window that we want that round to to pass through I like to use six inches I've seen people use like eight inches or twelve inches I'd like to use six inches because that's putting us in a legit headshot right so six inches is pretty good it's doable for the most part for most rifles and what I'm going to do is I'm gonna I'm gonna play around with that initial intersect to where I can get the terminal ordinate or the maximum ordinate of the round high so it's gonna get over my line of sight to not exceed three inches um if it's like three point zero eight on the calculator I might let that fly because it'll be lower if I go the other way but I want to get as close to that as possible and the site height is gonna have a great effect on their the the higher your site height is generally the longer we can push out our maximum point-blank range for right now understanding you know like I'm running a three and three-quarter inch height of a bore of course like right out of the barrel it's out of tolerance for the three inches my CQB holdovers different but but past there it sits within it push it out farther so where his was falling out of that six-inch target meaning you know if it's a six inch plate if I Center hold I don't want it higher than three inches I don't want it lower than three inches because I'm missing right assuming I make the shot perfectly so he's getting out of that plus or minus three inches at 185 yards now keep in mind he had absolutely zero idea where these drops were he had assumed that because he was told and a lot of instructors on the internet had reinforced this that yet fifty two hundred is the way to go you're gonna be on at two hundred he assumed that his rifle was going to be on at two hundred never shot it there before and people can argue that whatever way but you're putting that information out you have to be careful because if you put information out people are gonna take it so you have to be careful about the context at which you put out that information right if that was put out like a 50 will be a good starting point you might be reasonably close at 200 but you're gonna have to check the velocities confirm your drops on paper you can't be reasonably certain you are not zero that you're far intersect until you confirm your zero your far intersect you know by the way hitting a 36 inch or 60 inch or whatever massive Gong you've got it arranged is not confirming your zero unless you painted it you've got a spotting scope and you can see exactly where those rounds are hitting right usually hey you want to punch paper right cuz we also want to confirm that we're grouping consistently without major error because you don't want to reserve your rifle to a bad shot group because that's gonna be a bad zero right so he didn't know so he could have gotten into an engagement that distance with the false perception of his weapons capability and possibly made some bad shots and could have had some catastrophic results that's why I get kind of worked up about this and I keep keep driving it right especially as instructors in the industry oh we've got to be really careful about the information that we put out because people are going to look to us for for information they're gonna consider you subject matter experts like hey these guys teach they know what they're doing he's an instructor you know X instructor told me to do this right we've got to be real careful how we represent things right so yeah this this guy however he took it I don't know how it was explained to him you know I don't want to say what instructor it was or anything like that and I wasn't standing there for the conversation so this is all you know hearsay or whatever but this is what this guy how this guy perceived the information that was given to him through his department that was relayed through another instructor that 850 200 beyond 200 he thought he was on at 200 and beyond that he also thought because he was told you're gonna be pretty close at 2:52 Chung almost 12 inches right I don't consider that pretty close right remember yeah you gotta get out of this whole minute of man thing that there's no reason for it with with data right there's there's absolutely no reason for it so here's what what I did one in kind of the process that I do and if you want to see a breakdown of this I'm not going to get too deep into it the equipment that I use in my youtube channel there's there's a whole series it's like eight hours of video and intro to the tak rifle it's gonna to me the last instructional video series that I ever do after the last Dallas active shooter and I'm not going to do any more instruction videos on the internet just because I pay that that active shooter users browse and instructors websites and you know properly used techniques to win a gunfight you know around the column outside of that university or college down there so you know I kind of I'm real careful about what I what I put out and I was actually on the fence about even doing this video but you know I thought the juice is worth the squeeze you know with some of the stuff I see with students and law enforcement guys showing up so what I do is all I'll throw all that data in there I'm gonna measure all the the weather and atmospherics we're gonna do the critical measurements I actually physically measure the height of a bore using using a square and stuff like that we precisely measure that we get as precise with the data as I can if if that bullets information is gonna be in the ballistics library that I'm using I use it if not it will do will do some research and see if we can you know I think the manufacturers or see if somebody's tested it see if we can get something for will be as accurate as we can with all the data that we put in a precisely measure the muzzle velocity you know through a 10 10 rounds of measured shots and plug all that stuff in and try to be as accurate as we can with with the data because that only cost us 10 rounds that's 10 rounds in a few minutes to collect that stuff throw it in and then I we can see all that data representative and you know from my experience doing this for over five years now it's pretty it's pretty on right we get really good results in distance just just with putting it good data and and we just work on fundamentals makes it simpler right so we'll play around with that initial intersect of the zero until the terminal ordinate right the aptitude around doesn't exceed three inches over my line of sight so when we played around with that we figured out that at 32 yards and I did him in yards because the le ranges that he works out are in yards and you know most people thinking in yards all do meters for people who are shootin mil reticles or you know or in the military they want to stick with meters and we figured out that what that's going to do it's gonna change his maximum ordinate to 120 yards so it's pushed out a little bit farther and that's it was right at 3 inches right there so and that's one of the things I usually tell students like you need to know had a minimum three offsets right you want to know what obviously what distance your zero that because that's gonna affect it at what distances in my compensating for cqb holdover right because when we inside of our zero distance the rounds can be lower than our line of sight and then what distance is my max coordinate right because if I do need to calculate a precise hold if I know that my I'm three inches high at 120 yards I can favor slightly low if I'm kind of close to that right you know inside of the 50% rule you know half inside a halfway between 32 and 120 if I'm past halfway towards 120 then I might favor slightly low or if I'm at 120 I might if I can distinguish three inches at 120 with my my eyes I'm magnified that I'll do that or past then I want to know where the bullet passes back through that that three inch window that at point-blank range zero so where that does for for his and that should be a plus not an equal sign there if you can see it 225 yards so we've we've changed right so effectively he did have a Mac point-blank range 0 for a 6-inch target it's just he fell out of tolerance for that at 185 yards right now if he actually did the math on this - if he'd done 25 yards zero he actually would've been over three inches quite a bit so that kept it down but he was passing out of Tolerance at 185 yards when we did that zero tweak that pushed it out to 225 yards right so at 225 yards and in he could just center hold on a head and he's good to go now with some better ammo there's some issues for that ammo not not a huge fan about that that would have been significantly longer right especially the TSX rounds and stuff like that from Black Hills the five five six loads out of a 14 and a half inch barrel I see quite a bit better velocities and usually that maximum point by crane zero on a 6-inch target it's going to you know be right around 300 yards and depending on the temperature right so at 200 yards now he was a quarter-inch low as opposed to four point six four inches low at 250 yards he was only five point eight five inches low as compared to 11 inches right so that that's half right so it's gonna be quite a bit closer to his point of aim yeah three hundred yards he was fourteen and three-quarter inches low as compared to 21 point three so you you know hey you guys that are you know center of mass shooters you know 14 a 14 inch drop is gonna put you closer you know if you're holding between shoulders here a little bit closer to more vital areas than you know a twenty one point three inch you know obviously if we get too low kind of here between the legs then yeah we've got some critical areas there but that's not kind of the shot placement that we're looking for all the time so yeah there's quite a bit quite a bit of a difference there and that's why I think it's important to understand that all of your rifles are different right the zeroes are going to be different right so you've got a we've got to kind of be honest with the information that we're putting out you can't see like all ar-15 should be zeroed at 100 all a ar-15 should be zeroed at 50 no I'm not buying them right so standardized zeros right they they work ish for standardized weapons standardized sighting systems standardized ammunition standardized weather right because whether it's gonna affect all that standardized stuff - to some extent right I said ish because they're still all gonna vary slightly right so when the DoD does this you know we understand that a manufacturing inconsistencies between barrels there there can be variances and lots of ammunition can produce some different results barrel life how much it's worn out can can affect things the cleanliness of the rifle all that stuff so we're getting ish right usually I could take like five brand new rifles from the same manufacturer same barrel lengths they're all gonna have slightly different average muzzle velocities right they're gonna be close but they're gonna be slightly different how much those differences matter is gonna be subjective right you you would have to ask yourself what's what's my acceptable error how much my willing to accept what I'd say is for you know these deterministic errors you know errors that you can account for right factors you can account for why accept error in that it doesn't make any sense the more accurate you are with the things that you can account for but the more accurate you're going to be with the things that you can't account for because you you're gonna have less starting error right you know Oh Mel Mel Gibson thing and you know the Patriot aim small miss small right if you accept a large aiming area right you're gonna have a larger larger shot group than if you're not accepting a larger aiming small right it's the same thing with your data if you're being more precise with it you're not accepting things that you you don't have to accept then you can have better accuracy to begin with so getting back to this like what what zero should I use amen nobody can tell you right if if an instructor tells you you you should be zeroed at this distance and he he hasn't asked you a series of questions right okay what's what's your average most velocity what was the the atmospherics at the time of collection where the critical measurements of your gun what's the ballistic coefficient of the round blah blah blah and actually does the math on it to figure it out look it's gonna be a strong statement either he doesn't know what he's talking about or he is setting you up for their course of fire their environment which which I get it there's there's some instructors of like hey I want you to zero it at a hundred you know for this course because the course of fire is there at fifty because this is where we're gonna be testing at and you know we're trying to focus on something else other than you know external ballistics but but bottom line unless we're all shooting the same ammunition which we're not five five six all five five six is not the same all two to three is not the same that's not what standardized ammunition means with regards to to or zeros right we're all shooting we're not all shooting the same sighting systems we're all in different areas two different climates different weather right your zeros are not gonna be the same they're just not the the better way to do that if you're gonna push a 50 or 100 is is be honest with it right hey understand that you guys aren't gonna not everybody gets out to 200-300 so a fifty is gonna get you could get you close at two hundred right you maybe you could call that a rule of thumb but you can't call that a zero right because you're only zeroed at the distance you confirm it right and a lot of shooters a lot that there are guys who do shoot out of distance are not producing groups with sufficient precision to be able to confirm a drop at 300 on paper right especially when we're talking about like our RA RS or red dot optics and things like that right you guys that are you know prone scope shooters and you know precision shooters and stuff like that and you know hey you know they're pulling off something in advance out of distance and that's fine but you know the reality for a lot of the guys in the tactical community man they're their standard from the target at 7 yards and blasted you know the the farthest they they might shoot out is there there's zero distance you know or they're testing distance so you know having some good data behind that is pretty important and if you're not you know really really studying and grouping and working really hard on your fundamentals it's gonna be difficult for you to produce a shot group that's gonna be tight and consistent enough at 200 or 300 for you to number one be able to true your your ballistic coefficient true your ballistics but also to correct off of you know hey if you see more of it over the left or right can I tweak it in yes but you know if you've got a large shot group a mean point of impact right where you perceive the center of that group may not may not be the right zero point based off how that errors producing on target right you can you can easily make a bad site correction off of that so data's data is pretty important right that's why I think you got to be really careful about how you characterize some of these zeros that are gonna be put out like if you're gonna say hey fifty two hundred is is good for a ours you know maybe say hey you'll be on at fifty you might be close at two hundred but understand your ballistics could be different for sure 25300 you you're gonna be quite quite a bit different right depending on what you're running we're all different we all need to accept that right all of our rifle setups all of our ammunition all of our whether it's going to be different your zeros are gonna be different right stuff to think about so the other thing to think about is for what zero is gonna be right for you or what are your purposes right because I'll hear guys going like oh this is this is too much for first-time shooters well hey I don't think it's right to limit information to first-time shooters or make them earn it right put out the right information for them right you don't have to over inundate them with information I tried to keep this as broad as possible you know there's there's quite a bit more depth that you can go into and to a lot of this stuff and there's probably guys watching this video that know a lot of this stuff right you know I've tried to kind of keep it on the surface as much as I can but let them decide what's gonna be right and you're also helping educate the the newer generation of shooters or first-time shooters you know that are gonna you know join our industry here with good information and it's gonna help myths from being perpetuated right like these standardized zeros that will not die because people keep pushing them and guys who have never you know been to a class or you know never done the data on them they think that that is correct and they will argue it you know like like their life depends on it because we tend to get emotionally attached to equipment or ideas or different instructors you know because we get into the kind of fanboy culture right it's kind of like a sports team like hey you might you might like the Dallas Cowboys you know for whatever emotional reasons even though that the data and statistics don't support their superiority in Texas so I'll probably get some hate mail over that I don't follow football anyway since weird so yeah we got it we got to think about that because you know they'll argue it and they'll perpetuate it and you can't have a logical conversation with them because they've never been shown the reason or the data behind it we should be able to have an emotional unemotional and rational conversation about things like this because it's data right it's not really preference preference like I prefer this or prefer that that's neither here nor there what you could say is I don't know if you can see that your purpose right it's not I prefer this right that that has no meaning like like what like your emotions don't factor into this hey this works better for my purposes this is why right hey I'm I'm just target shooting it this distance that's why I'm using that right or it based off of the acceptable aiming area of the the game that I'm going after this is okay I'm fine with this or you know hey I can't do this or that whatever right now we can have a conversation about that on the merits of it like oh yeah I get what you're doing okay I understand right your environment what's what's best for your environment right we can have a discussion about that that's a fact base to go off of what's best for your weapon all of our weapons are different right and that could drive towards our purposes right your optic right like hey maybe you're shooting uh you know one at six or a one-date low-power variable optic with the you know semi Christmas tree reticle on that and that's why you zero to 100 because it matches best my sub tensions work hey maybe you've got a different kind of exotic distance because you've gone played people's numbers and you figured out specifics you're a distance where you're gonna get the the most sub tensions to to drop to distance on those graduations of your reticles I have that guys done that they played around up there and figured out that we're they can get the you know twenty or fifty yard you know distance gates for their their drops to match up to their reticle drops you know that's fine have a conversation about that that's that's no worries or your ammunition right you know hey the the other nice thing about with especially law enforcement guys and horny tap guys from that s BRS running ballistics collection off that will also give you a prediction of where the velocity is going to fall underneath a very important number which is the minimum expansion velocity threshold most manufacturers will will for you know expanding ammunition or defensive rounds whatnot they're going to have a an advertised velocity usually if they're honest it's gonna be a window kind of a band of velocity where if it falls underneath that goes slower it's not going to expand it can risk over penetration right so that's that's something to consider as well because that could feed into the mental calculus as to whether or not a shot is appropriate because if arounds gonna excessively over penetrate due to lower velocity because it's not expanding its retaining more pressure per square inch it's going to zip right through somebody based off the complication of your background of the shot you're taking you know four le guys or SWAT guys that may be a consideration right so that's kind of what I'm driving at I just want to throw out some some facts some some data here and it is what it is hey you might agree with it you might not agree with it and one thing I do want to say like if if you're going to another instructors course right you've got to play by House Rules right if if whatever instructor you're going to wants you to be served at 50 yards or wants you to be 0 to 100 yards he's he's not gonna care what I said he's not gonna care what any other instructor said right to some extent you just got played by House Rules right you could you know maybe try to have a conversation with them about it but if he doesn't wanna have a conversation about it it is it is what it is usually my courses it's not going to be it my way or the highway thing I'm I'll talk to you about it I'll explain it about it I've never used my credentials or background to justify something that I that I teach you know I try to have a good understanding of what I'm doing about it what I'm doing and the reasons behind it and you know there's there's guys that understand the stuff a lot better than I did too this is something that that I had to figure out when when I got out of the military and started teaching to open training courses because you go from everybody's running the same stuff to man you you go to a class and it'll just be a bag of potato chips you're gonna have all kinds of different rifles optics ammunition and especially if you're trying to push out the distance because of my TAC rifle nml score we'll take a first-time shooters out past 600 yards easily on second day just through good data and if I was just using these standardized zeros that wouldn't happen unless I'm walking rounds into a target with a spotting scope and that's not what I'm trying to do like I want guys to be able to trust their data you know identify their holds hold their holds pull the trigger without inducing any air and hit the target period and I'd never be able to do that if I was doing a standardized zero so yeah I just wanted to kind of throw some thoughts out about that a feel free to you know toss in some comments here or you know start a conversation about it but you know you know all interact as it as I can I get some time here but again try to try to have it fact-based try to have a logic based your preferences your feelings what somebody else said doesn't really come into it don't don't trust what I said like hey man you could go to your own research there's there's lots of good articles and stuff about this you know go out and test your ammunition right maybe it matters for you maybe it doesn't come up with a solution come up with the answers on your own trust but verify or don't trust and verify you know whatever whatever you want you should you should always have a mindset of critical thinking right not that you're just doubting everything but you're you're verifying it you're always looking for flaws and plans right making sure things make sense because if something is valid it should be able to stand up to scrutiny and criticism right it should it's just like when you know people got emotional when I when I've made that announcement you know about banning the t1 object from my attack rifle fundamentals course people lost their minds like I kicked their dog right so I said okay well hey criticize that of course there's no data behind the criticism was just personal attacks and stuff we did a study put out the results and it's out there you know have a conversation about data in facts right the bullet doesn't care about your emotions doesn't about your preferences it's an inanimate object that is subject to the loss of physics and data over feelings right so sorry that was was long but hey if you have any questions feel free to hit me up and stay safe train hard and have a good one [Music]

Channel: Green Eye Tactical

Views: 63,713

Rating: 4.6240759 out of 5

Keywords: ar15, marksmanship, ballistics, rifle zero

Id: IzOrLxl3z1c

Length: 77min 42sec (4662 seconds)

Published: Thu Apr 18 2019