Suffixes are my favorite parts of words! But
Toby, what is a suffix!? Suffixes are groups of letters that you put at the end of a word
to make another word! Wow! Yes! Another word! Adjectives are my favorite words!
Suffixes are my favorite parts of words! So can we make a video about the
suffixes that you need to make adjectives? Yes! Yes we can! This sounds amazing... My name is
Toby, this is SMASH English and here is everything you need to know about using suffixes to make
adjectives for the B2 First Cambridge exam. Let's start with the most basic thing, the
most simple thing, this is a B1 thing! So if you get this wrong, well you're taking
the wrong exam and that's a terrible thing. Interested and interesting! What is the
difference? Well if you are interested in something it is because that something is
interesting. If you are bored it is because something is boring. If you are confused it
is because something is confusing. If you are frightened it is because something is frightening.
Brilliant! The -ED ending describes the feeling, the -ING ending describes the
object that causes the feeling. However there are some exceptions. I am scared
because your face is scary. Not scaring. Scaring does not exist! Well actually it does. It is the
present continuous form of the verb "to scare" but not as an adjective. No! So don't say it! Don't
describe something as scary because if you do that it's wrong and you will fail your B2 exam and your
B1 exam and your life. And if you fail your life, well, that's a scary idea, isn't it? Wow
this topic is so exciting! I feel so excited! So let's do the more difficult suffixes
because as I said I love suffixes! Well at least these kind of make
sense. We have the nouns PAIN and CARE. If something causes a lot of pain it is painful.
If something causes no pain it is painless. If someone does things with a lot of care they
are careful. If they do things with no care then they are careless. That is simple.
All of these examples share this pattern but sometimes they don't mean what you think they
will mean. Take HELPFUL and HELPLESS for example. HELP is the noun. If someone is helpful it means
they are always available and able to help you. So the opposite of helpful is helpless...
NO! The opposite of helpful is unhelpful. But helpless does exist. If someone is helpless
it means they cannot defend themselves. The important thing to remember is just
because you have an adjective with -FUL and -LESS it doesn't necessarily mean that these
adjectives are the opposites of each other, not always. And I'm sorry, I'm really sorry
about that. What do you want me to do about it? I'm making a video to help you so say thank
you to me. It's not my fault that my language is confusing god! Also there are many
adjectives that end in -FUL but there is not the equivalent adjective with -LESS and
that's a terrible thing. For example the adjective peaceful. I had a peaceful night with my pet
carrot. But I cannot say "peaceless". "Peaceless" doesn't exist so don't say "peaceless". Remember
you are learning a language you are not inventing your own! Peaceful: full of peace! "Peaceless":
doesn't exist, sorry. I can be beautiful obviously but I cannot be "beautyless". Someone
can be playful but they cannot be "playless". Something can be awful but it cannot be "awless".
And of course to make things even more complicated some adjectives have the suffix -LESS but there
is not an equivalent with -FUL. Something can be pointless but it cannot be "pointful". An
explanation about suffixes can be endless but it cannot be "endful". A dead pet carrot can
be lifeless but a living one cannot be "lifeful". Now we have something easy! Yes easy! We take
a verb we add the suffix -ABLE. a-b-l-e. And that means that the verb is capable of being
done. That's simple! You can even, kind of, make up your own words doing this. For example:
this exercise is doable. This game is playable. This song is listenable. This route is walkable.
This plane is flyable. That was fun! Yes? Yes! However of course there are some exceptions.
If something is capable of being drunk we say DRINKABLE. Obviously! That's the rule! We know
the rule! The rule is easy! So, if something is capable of being eaten we say eatable... NO!
No, we don't say eatable! Eatable does not exist! Instead we say EDIBLE. Why? I don't know!
Don't ask me questions just take what I say and learn it. That's what all the good teachers
say, obviously! Also sometimes adjectives ending in -ABLE a-b-l-e and -IBLE i-b-l-e do not mean
capable of being done. I'm sorry about that. Take for example FASHION the noun and FASHIONABLE
the adjective. Here fashionable is not coming from the verb to fashion which means to mold
or change the shape of. No, fashion is coming from the noun which means a way of dress or
a look or a style. So a fashionable person is someone who dresses well or for something that is
popular. It's not about something capable of being done. I said this was easy and I lied it's not
easy. So I'm sorry. But why am I apologizing? I spent a lot of time preparing this video for you!
If anything you should be apologizing to me! GOD! This one is a problem and I apologize in advance
you can add o-u-s, e-o-u-s or i-o-u-s to a noun to make an adjective and the adjective means full of
that noun. For example danger becomes dangerous. Ah but remember if the noun ends in E we must
eliminate the -E and add -OUS. For example fame becomes famous and ridicule becomes ridiculous.
Unless the noun ends in -GE and then we add -OUS and we keep the -E. For example: advantage becomes
advantageous or courage becomes courageous. And this gets even more confusing. Also when a noun
ends in -Y we replace the -Y with an I so the suffix becomes -IOUS. For example glory becomes
glorious. Mystery becomes mysterious and fury becomes furious. And when a noun ends in -ION
we use the suffix -IOUS to make the adjective. So religion becomes religious, ambition
becomes ambitious, caution becomes cautious, and rebellion becomes rebellious. Oh
we did it! Aren't we great? Well done! This is simple right? We just take a verb that
finishes in -ATE and we add the suffix -ANT to make an adjective. Simple! Easy! Great! Someone
who tolerates is tolerant. Something that someone has vacated is vacant. Someone who hesitates is
hesitant. And someone who dominates is dominant. Okay perfect. We finished. NO! Because something
that pleases is pleasant. Something that abounds is abundant. Something that depends on something
else is dependent. Maybe we can make adjectives by adding the suffix -ANT to nouns that end in
-ANCE. Elegance elegant. Arrogance arrogant. Ignorance ignorant. Dominance dominant. Importance
important. Brilliance brilliant. Romance romantic. Okay so this works most of the time. Most of the
time you can add the suffix -ANT to nouns that finish in -ANCE and it makes an adjective.
Most of the time! But not always! Sorry! Again apologizing, sorry! Sorry for apolgising,
I'm sorry for being sorry all right! God! What about the -ENT suffix then? Maybe nouns that
end in -ENCE take the suffix -ENT to make the adjective. Well, let's see! Innocence innocent.
Intelligence intelligent. Obedience obedient. Confidence confident. Independence independent.
Absence absent. Patience patient. Violence violent. Okay for me that is good enough! That is
a rule! I'm going to call that a rule of english! If a noun finishes an -ENCE then the adjective
takes the suffix -ENT. Maybe not always but always usually. And that's good enough for me! But this
is B2 First, not C2 so don't worry about it! B2 first -ENCE: adjective suffix -ENT! Done! Great!
So then what have we learned? If a noun ends in -ANCE then the suffix to make the adjective is
usually -ANT apart from romance and romantic but who needs romance? Who needs romance? I don't
need romance... I'm, I'm so lonely. If a noun ends in -ENCE then the suffix to make the adjective is
usually -ENT. It's usually always -ENT or always usually. Just mix the adverbs of time together. I
love adverbs of time and I love the present simple and you probably don't know everything about the
present simple! If you want to learn everything about the present simple for the B2 First
Cambridge exam click here! Goodbye! Next one! Okay there are some rules here. If a noun ends in
-ET or -ETE then the adjective usually uses the suffix -IC. Remember that if the noun ends in -E
we normally remove the -E and replace it with -IC. So for example athlete becomes athletic and
magnet becomes magnetic. If a noun ends in -D, -DE, or -DY we usually use the suffix -IC to
make adjectives! I-C. -IC. I'm such an -IC... Wow. So tragedy becomes tragic. Melody becomes
melodic and acid becomes acidic. Also if a noun ends in -OT, O-T then we usually add -IC. I-C. For
example idiot becomes idiotic and patriot becomes patriotic. And yes I'm sure if you want to find
an exception you will find an exception. There are exceptions to everything in the world apart
from if you don't subscribe to this channel you will fail your exam. No exceptions! So please
subscribe. Please! I'm really desperate! I am. It's actually quite pathetic. One very annoying
problem that you need to be aware of at the B2 First level is the difference between adjectives
ending in -IC and -ICAL. I-C and I-C-A-L because sometimes a noun will have two adjectives:
one with -IC and one with -ICAL and it will change the meaning. And this is a problem for you. For
example we have historic and historical and these have different meanings. For example if something
is historical it means it happened in history. A historical event it happened in the past. Every
event is historical. Me recording this video is historical because now that you're watching it it
happened in the past. Great! Historic on the other hand means something very important in history.
Wow! When I uploaded my first video to youtube on May the 17th 2020, that was a historic moment
for the world! And generations will be looking back on that thinking "Wow! What a historic moment
for the world!". Also another pair of words that creates problems at the B2 level is economic and
economical. Economic means related to money. For example SMASH English has economic problems. We
have no money! What are we doing? I don't know! Economical means "money saving". For example an
economical thing for me to do would be to sell all of my equipment, sell my computer and close SMASH
English because then maybe I would do some work. But i'm not going to do that because I love YOU!
Right! Because I love you! I want to help you pass your B2 First exam! I really do! So say thank
you in the comments. Leave a comment just to say thanks. Come on please! We can add -AL to a
noun and this makes an adjective that means about that noun, regarding that noun or of that noun.
For example: a natural apple an apple of nature... as opposed to the unnatural apples, whatever!
Or a seasonal celebration, a celebration of the season! However this can get confusing because we
can also add -AL, A-L to a verb to make a noun. Oh my god! So just because you see a word ending
in -AL with the suffix -AL it doesn't mean that that word is an adjective, it could also be a
noun! And that's a terrible thing. Arrive becomes arrival. Betray becomes betrayal. Portray becomes
portrayal. These are verbs becoming nouns. Not nouns becoming adjectives. And how do you know
the difference? Well you're going to learn them all. Vocabulary! Read a dictionary! That's fun.
It's what I do in my spare time! Because I have no friends. I don't want any. I'm too good for
friends... probably... that's what I tell myself. The meaning here is the same as the -AL suffix.
We add -AR to a noun to create an adjective as with muscle muscular, circle circular, populace
popular. We don't say -AL we say -ULAR. -ULAR. Why? I don't actually know but just remember
it! You have to learn these things! I'm sorry. Sorry. Sorry. But I have some more bad news for
you because just because a word finishes in -AR does not mean that that word is an adjective.
It could be a noun of agency. Sometimes we use the suffix -AR at the end of a verb to give
a name to the person that does that verb. If someone burgles they are a burglar.
Someone that steals from houses, it's a terrible thing to do so please don't do it. Or
someone that lies. If you lie you are a liar and that's also a terrible thing to do so please
don't do it. However if you don't like my videos please do lie and hit the like button and
leave a comment telling me that you love me. If you love my videos please don't lie
tell the truth and leave a comment. Thanks. We can add the suffix -IVE to a noun to make
an adjective that means possessing that quality or tending to have that quality. For example MASS
relates to size. Something that is massive has a lot of size. But we can also add it to verbs.
ATTRACT is a verb and if you attract people, like me, then you are attractive, like me. What
are you doing? This is going on the internet! It's just embarrassing. CREATE is a verb and someone
or something can be creative. But remember create finishes with -E. If a verb finishes in -E then
we remove the -E and we add -IVE. We can't say CREATEIVE. What's that? That's stupid. No! Create
remove the -E. However some nouns can also end in -IVE so just because a word finishes in -IVE if
does not mean it is an adjective. And i'm really sorry. I just don't why! Why do I always have
to disappoint you? I'm a failure! For example execute is a verb but executive, well that's a
manager. To direct, that's a verb but directive, that's an order given by an authority. And in this
situation I am your authority and I am giving you a directive watch every single one of my videos...
twice! If you do that you'll definitely pass and I have no dignity so I'm prepared to beg!
I'm gonna beg right now... And with that we are finished! Now you know everything you need to
know about suffixes to make adjectives for the B2 First Cambridge exam! If you liked the video don't
forget to SMASH that like button, subscribe if you haven't already, leave a comment down below!
My name is Toby and this was SMASH English...
