The Secret Code Hidden In Shakespeare's Plays | Cracking The Shakespeare Code (1/3) | Timeline

imagine a country where many people have become convinced that much of what we know about William Shakespeare is wrong thanks to the efforts of one dedicated man a chunk of the population believes in some hugely controversial ideas about Shakespeare and secret codes appearing in his works well that country is Norway in expect oh my gosh at 40 new Dom Shakespeare thickening agent Lee aster but of church organist better Amundsen has persuaded a best-selling author to write the book of his theories and his codes have been reported on the evening news in his home country with thousands of followers across social media we determined to prove Petter right [Music] I'm not one of them and I love Shakespeare too much to keep quiet [Music] [Music] my name is Robert Crompton not only do I write about Shakespeare in my PhD thesis but I've also performed his plays on stage as an actor and taught his works to hundreds of students in all areas of my life Shakespeare is everywhere petter amundsen has no PhD no university professorship and yet he's written a book about Shakespeare he's supposed to have an astonishing ability to see codes and messages which solve every mystery about Shakespearean authorship surely Shakespeare wrote Shakespeare no question we know perfectly well that Shakespeare wrote Shakespeare we have the unimprovable historical evidence there are books with his name as author we have all the porters of Shakespeare's plays are printed in his lifetime and quite a lot of those named him on the title page William Shakespeare which have dedications printed underneath them there are monuments that hailed his achievements and we have comments from people who knew him as a writer now if it wasn't William Shakespeare who air was it on has to say Shakespeare is the most important figure in world literature a glover son from stratford-upon-avon a grammar school boy who came to london and wrote the greatest plays in history the man who created Hamlet Othello Lady Macbeth Prospero the man who crafted the most beautiful sonnets in English the man who could put kings and commoners side by side on stage whose works can still make an audience weep with sorrow or laughter William Shakespeare the bard one of England's greatest achievements and exports everybody with any sense accepts this known they of something about this man and his theories still intrigued me if he was right he would change the face of scholarship forever that is convinced that he has discovered so called steganographic codes that we know were frequently used during Shakespeare's day just as with modern day computers there has always been a need for protecting sensitive information that there's cryptological research has led him to believe that the works of William Shakespeare were actually produced by this man the philosopher and politician Sir Francis Bacon the only problem of course is that there have been scores of codebreakers before happy amateurs who have all been obsessed with finding a hidden truth behind Shakespeare but their work has never been accepted by professional scholars surely looking for codes in Shakespeare is will always be pointless maybe I was just looking forward to proving him utterly humiliatingly [Music] [Music] [Music] what you saw yeah opening tax well I'll take this like and I have some stuff over here because I'd like to show you yeah sure if I'm right about this then reality is indeed as fantastic or even more so than imagination because the implications are almost terrifying in the end but we'll take it one step at a time shown yes I look forward to being terrified and I hope you'll stay with me until you are terrified old Etta has a facsimile of the first folio of Shakespeare's plays compiled by some of his fellow actors after his death there are only about 40 original copies remaining each one valued has around 15 million pounds it's a book that brings together the greatest works of drama in any language masterpiece after masterpiece better thinks of the first page contains a code he believes it's hidden in this dedicatory poem by Ben Jonson a man who Shakespeare's friend rival and in Pepper's eyes a secret co-conspirator what we have here is probably the simplest way possible to convey a secret message but it's just under your nose so it's it has been missed for many many many years okay begin with the first line this figure that out here ceased food this figure is usually regarded by everyone else as referring to the portrait of Shakespeare on the opposite page the better thing this is something completely different figure is that a word that only means one thing and one now it can mean rhetorical figures as well it can be related to a visual image but I mean if you're suggesting what the figure is related term to a code is it as well as it in a way of no I was thinking about numbers no okay right so it's a figure yeah sure of course yeah is there a number present here look at the edge well OH - right of course this figure - that they'll here see spoot okay an acrostic is where the first letter of each line spells out a message it's been a popular poetic technique for thousands of years but it can also be used as a way of communicating a secret message to the reader what could we then do well tell us tell us patent this may open doors show historically there were strict conventions for printing poems each line of verse should begin with a capital letter in this case there seems to be a huge typographical error the lowercase W should be an uppercase letter so probably this was done on purpose in code history deliberate errors in a text are often a hint a clue for readers in the know to keep searching any ideas what can't do with with the W awk well you can turn to page two presumably that's what ideas let's see what happens we have TW o here and also a repetition of lowercase W should have been capital one right but what I mean where does that take us are we looking for acrostics that say three or five now in the in the in the margins and then we could go to and yeah right the margins yes because what I discovered was this [Music] bacon I see right so you okay Sir Francis Bacon has often been put forward as the true author of Shakespeare's works he was a brilliant man fascinated by codes and ciphers well-traveled and multilingual who combined a stellar legal and political career with writing works of science and philosophy and he was the greatest English essayist of his age but most scholars reject any suggestion for the plays in the first folio are really by bacon no this is vital to the scene between Prospero Miranda when thy hand and pluck my magic garment from me so you have often begun to tell me what I am began to tell me what I am but stopped and left me to a bootless Inquisition concluding stage yet this is integral to Miranda finding out who she is why don't ya well it is about identity it is indeed but it's specifically about about identity which is necessary for for the development of the plot of The Tempest I would say I mean that is interesting that you can relate that automatically to your your acrostic code I think I think that is very interesting that there also thinks there could be a code called a gamete tree a hidden here agamotto a code is when letters are replaced by numbers giving words a numerical value a equals 1 B equals 2 and so on the value of bacon is 33 the space between F and bacon is on line 33 Francis Bacon equals 100 T wo begins on line 100 other codes go deeper it can even in Petra's opinion reveal the identity of the author to understand this we need to go back to the first sentence of that dedicatory poem another way to read messages in text is when words borrow letters from the next word without changing the order this figure can become this figure earth meaning this figures then what does it figure this figures the author a flower is a perfect anagram for yeah and maybe it could be this figure is the author's because we have an yes but that is more like genitive auto arrest yeah so it's not perfect can I just presumably even if there is that existing there that says this figure if the author and actually this does figure the author you know so actually this figure that thou here sees put is just exactly this another way of saying exactly this figures the author tada I mean there's still things that I will have to come at you with but just particularly to do with to do with the writings of bacon himself and how stylistically diverged and they are from the writings of Shakespeare they could've wrote wittily aphoristic prose and he could certainly turn a figurative phrase my favorite begins his essay of revenge revenge is a kind of wild justice which the Mormons nature runs to the more law to weed it out however bacon was a prose writer not a playwright he was a master of the clever lucid essay but could he switch from the rhetoric of the world court to the lowlife of London as Shakespeare doesn't henry v Shakespeare could read Plutarch and Ovid in translation if necessary could bacon really have translated the grim yet vibrant realities of Elizabethan and Jacobean life onto the stage of Shakespeare does or could you really write page after page of largely iambic verse so naturally and sweetly that it flows like water for me Bacon's refinement and elegance as a pro stylist and as a philosopher is not equate to the skills required in a great dramatist you know in France baking I see a legalistic a clever and a witty a rhetorical brilliant mind I don't see the imagination which could explore the entirety of humanity which I see in here and this Robert is why I suggest that you keep in mind the word - okay number two perhaps there are two persona this figure if the author's the two authors but the believes it is highly likely that this code is a signature of Francis Bacon one of the to a secret authors behind Shakespeare's works so if there are two secret authors who's the other one let me show you something else I've been Johnson wrote this is from his epigrams to Sir Henry Neville Johnson the apparent conspirator also wrote a poem to the courtier diplomat Sir Henry Neville Francis Bacon's nephew and distant relative of a certain William Shakespeare and there is a parallel here between this line and this line in punning and also what I'd like you to or discover because if figure could mean a number here right so can you see it well presumably if you're trying to find a link here then there are not one look at the edge I will it's got that it's the same letters on them pretty much well Oh - right of course and then nothing what not one but hardly - here we have two poems perhaps pointing the way to the secret co-authorship of two men Francis Bacon and Sir Henry Neville the two men were contemporaries both walking the corridors of power in the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods at the same time well in it's an anagram better also points out an anagram of Neville's name in the poem just underneath the letter O of two of course this only works if you remember that in 17th century printing practice the letters WV and new were all interchangeable on page two of The Tempest below another Oh then they Neville stares out of you okay so but where did you go from there I mean is that is that not itself a dead end well there's no wonder than than this okay well what's the next path that we have to go on then yeah I begin to look on the internet better search for the word Bacon in Shakespeare's Complete Works he discovered that it appears just twice in two separate plays and did that not make you feel a little bit downhearted you would presume that it be in every play that he'd managed a way to crowbar the word bacon in somewhere and yet you only find it twice didn't it make you the spirit sink a little at first quite the contrary right perhaps it was used with the bottom the First Folio is divided into three parts comedies histories and tragedies the first time bacon is mentioned is in a comedy The Merry Wives of Windsor hang hog is Latin for bait right well again my initial instinct is to relate that to Shakespeare the dramatist what is he William that does lend articles accuse a tivo in hang hog and a hog a bit of pig that is that is hung to be cured and then eaten is bacon hung hang hog and suddenly you know we have a double edged comedic effect and says mistress quickly comes in and says oh hang on bacon I warrant yeah but then we go to the history spot in part two of the folio bacon is mentioned for the second and last time in the play King Henry the fourth part one of a governor bacon and two raises ginger to be delivered as far as Charing Cross okay what does this tell us other than the fact that Shakespeare is used bacon twice exactly but any similarities here this page and this page just turn back again right you'll have to help me move it in a word or page numbers oh I see right that is interesting fifty-three fifty-three each of the three sections of the first folio is numbered separately bacon is mentioned in the two different plays but both times on page 53 it seems deliberate it looks as if an extra two page comic interlude has been added to the court over jeune of The Merry Wives of Windsor simply to ensure the bacon reference appears on page 53 and in Henry the fourth part 1 the typographers also seemed to have gone to a lot of trouble to make sure bacon appears on page 53 to make it work the page numbers actually skip from page 46 to 49 so this is really page 51 right but that now is 53 and you think that's deliberate just to make the connection between the two bacon references because of the significance of 53 and what about the third fish to you because we have comedies histories and you judge this okay let's look man we just play here we have the beginning of Romeo and Juliet and what Robert is missing here something with households ah yeah of course we've got the prologue halfway No and this is the only prologue beginning with which would writes to households right yes it's interesting is it is interesting yeah wouldn't that be more likely though if you if he'd had the prologue wouldn't have been Paris the more sing with just two right not three okay of course it also fits better theories that just below the number 53 we see the phrase I know a trick worth two 53 is the answer 53 to x 53 press ok in the 17th century a mysterious but influential Brotherhood emerged for then two numbers had special symbolic significance 53 and a hundred and six this fraternity has always been shrouded in myth but one of the most tenacious is that Francis Bacon was its leader [Music] well it was all potentially very exciting but I couldn't shake the feeling that if you're intent on finding secret messages in any large piece of text and by hook or by crook you will find it nearly 70 people have been put forward as candidates for the authorship of the works of Shakespeare better is obviously convinced that it was bacon and so Henry Neville but others have been just as passionately certain it was Christopher Marlowe the Earl of Oxford or even Queen Elizabeth herself it's it was bacon then it was Marlowe then it was the Earl of Oxford the Earl of Oxford this is the most common one now but all they're about 60-odd fear this in the last five years it's been sir henry neville nobody had ever heard of him in terms well terms of shakespeare before Lady Mary Sidney's someone has just written a book trying I would have thought that any dispassionate person would say 60 people have been suggested this is itself yours it's all nonsense you know if it's if the field is does open as that where are we such a crowded field is hard to take any of them seriously it is interesting however the Francis Bacon was the first alternative author to be suggested in the 19th century and so Henry Neville one of the most recent maybe Petter is completing the circle closing the book and the authorship question we call this yeah I'm fine welcome so okay Robert - what I'm suggesting I suppose is them because you've suddenly got these little floating letters your brain inevitably works overtime to find some kind of interpretation but we always seek explication we seek answer what you really do is to pull this apart to make it disintegrate before it has the chance to become somewhat in well excellent okay well well in that case help let's let's bring it back together let's move on this is my point so back to fifty three and two times four is the fear because here's that from my occult experience my dabbling with it I knew the significance of 106 which is 53 twice proto Masonic fraternity published two significant books around the same time that William Shakespeare died and who were this fraternity Rosicrucians the resolutions in 1614 in 1615 two mysterious books were published in Germany the first book is called Pharma fraternities the fame of the Brotherhood the second that is called confess your confession in print it starts a revolution because people read this document inviting them to join the Brotherhood of the Rose cross the Rosicrucian manifestoes tell us that their founder father RC died at the symbolic age of a hundred and six the Brotherhood celebrated the power of freedom of speech and wanted access to knowledge for all levels of society Lutheran Reformation was a disaster a failure it had split Europe asunder it had made men of learning hate each other it had made it impossible for people who had big ideas to come together and talk because the Pope was always sitting in the room saying no or those Vinglish sitting in the room and saying no or Calvin was sitting in the room and saying no where was knowledge going the Rosicrucians claimed to be a secret European network of brothers recruited under a sacred oath who called themselves RC so the letters are see they are important one of the key figures associated with the Rosicrucians has always been Francis Bacon and many of his books bear the watermark RC R C oh yeah also on page 53 let the believes he has found numerical codes connected to the Rosicrucians in the first folio the Brotherhood were obsessed with the numerology orga Maitreya of Kabbalah in this system the letters RC can be converted to the numbers 17 and 3 R is the seventeenth letter of the alphabet C is the third an encoded way of writing RC would therefore be 17 and 3 on page 173 of the First Folio we find the opening page of Richard the third or our C on this page there is also a Masonic expression which only appears once in the First Folio harkins after prophecies and dreams and from the cross row plucks the letter G the phrase the letter G which could refer to the G in the emblem of Freemasonry there can also be a Rosicrucian code similar to this in one of the poems written by Ben Jonson as a eulogistic tribute to Shakespeare in the First Folio look at this it is the famous poem to the memory of my beloved the author 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 the 17th word is Fame the first Rosicrucian manifesto 1 2 3 and 3 words later we find confess the second Rosicrucian manifesto 17 and 3 are c I think this is interesting so that things it all works in terms of the numbering but what does it mean but quite then Johnson mentions the Rosicrucians several times in his writings so he was familiar with this term whether he was a full member of the Brotherhood or merely offering a coded tribute to them in the poem we simply don't know nobody in this period admits to being a Rosicrucian this may be because the manifestos message was regarded as so explosive that it caused uproar throughout Europe political and religious authorities joined forces to condemn and hunt down suspected Rosicrucians as dangerous subversives there are Rosicrucian witches and these witches are subverting the destiny of Europe and they must be stopped but there was one problem with the Rosicrucian witches they were invisible how did you know who was the Rosicrucian our only dear cards for the famous philosophers in Paris he stopped by by government agents they arrest him they say you're one of these Rosicrucian is's how can I be a Rosicrucian them I'm not invisible so they were really famous so it's not a very radical idea that Ben Jonson could have done this just to play devil's advocate yeah it's also necessary to say that the word fame is not necessarily unusual in a dedicatory poem something one should confess well exactly something something one should confess exactly you know so where do we go from there yes early what are we what we're looking at what I did it was to turn to my computer to look for occurrences of Rosi cross the phrase rosy cross appears nowhere in the complete works of Shakespeare you can look for the words separately but in a devoutly Christian area you're going to find cross everywhere and because you find it all over the place yeah it becomes useless right but ro see that's something else okay right and how many then twice in the polo shirt just let's have a look where they are the word rosy appears just twice in the first folio and both times in the late play Cymbeline one rosy can be seen three pages before the end of the folio and the other one appears 17 pages before that a strangely misnumbered page with the potentially revealing words being corrupted underneath we are all bastards a vengeance of vengeance me of my lawful pleasure she restrained and prayed me off forbearance Rose the sweet view on 12 warmed old satyr feudin see so rosy right I mean for me it fits with this idea of the idealization of women which is inevitably destroyed by the deceit of yakumo so but why why do you think that the word rosy is here published by or issued by often you'll see in books upward so upward by the published by I printed by published by issued by again by right in the beginning of this line with Rosie there is certain set two by four letters yes app udin see I put published by Rosie but it becomes better okay because they use geometry some kind of a Trinity they they worship the Pythagorean 3 4 5 triangle the the symbol of the of the Rosicrucian exactly sorry that is the significance of 53 okay because we're the sides five and three meet the angle 53 degrees without the masonic training this wouldn't have meant anything to me yeah so you are you amazing yourself for several years I'm a passive member right now but we have a food potentially we definitely have Rosi yep but we don't have a cross do we where is the cross it's right here look see ross11 a produce is nothing less than a perfect 3 4 5 triangle right and our Pedrosa gross is 170 and three right I mean that's certainly there that's something that that is kind of in I'd know this could open all sorts of interesting yeah something that's certainly this part of Pettis presentation was genuinely thought-provoking for the sake of argument let's accept the presence of these codes in the first folio why would the Rosicrucians be interested in the theater anyway was the Rosicrucian theater I think there is definite elements of this the writer of the Shakespeare plays is it great pains to educate his audience was the author of Shakespeare using the idea of a divine play as a way of saying things to the illiterate who couldn't read these books who couldn't join the great intellectual game which have been going on since the Renaissance the truth appear so naked on my side at any per blind eye and they find it out as an art form which could appeal to audiences across the social spectrum including the illiterate plays were perhaps the most effective way to disseminate knowledge about history religion politics and science and Shakespeare's plays are full of this knowledge which the Rosicrucians were dedicated to spreading was very interesting thank you it's true but but what's so what's next what's next well is this just as we have to go to Stratford right okay of course there's some next step but it's not here okay but I have to do my skiing instructor job first so before we could catch the plane to England better had to go off to his job as a children's ski instructor well I went off to think all this talk about codes and secret societies was intriguing but the idea that you could unlock the mysteries of the universe as well as the authorship of Shakespeare with the number 53 was pretty far-fetched gate 53 despite have a nice life thank you [Music] well there are huge implications in a way if he's right it will change our assumptions of conspiracy in the very nature of things being hidden from from general consumption it will I think make a lot of us feel a bit bit foolish and maybe a bit sad if he's right before we could go to strap it better wanted to show me some texts that he believed supported his ideas so we went to the British Library here is one of the Baconian x' most important pieces of evidence that bacon wrote Shakespeare the promess what if we could find a notebook with Shakespearean quotes right and this is it okay and this is of course Francis Bacon's notebook there are some really famous lines in here and it's dated 1590 for five or six years before the play that made them famous work great right show me show me some of these these quotations I'm fascinated good wine needs no bush hear me out you were never in shut the door for I mean to speak treason it seems I can an actor sign anyway it doesn't know of I mean just be frozen their fools ball is soon shot thought is free you call this evidence I call it interesting I am NOT just skeptical of but utterly frustrated with this piece of so-called evidence in the world of Renaissance humanism with ideas and language swirling around the literary and political world it's surely inevitable that intelligent sophisticated men of the law the theatre and the court will be saying writing thinking the same sorts of things this proves nothing I have never seen anything which cast any doubt whatever on Shakespeare's authorship of the plays of course writers write the same thing sometimes I almost think this does you a disservice actually and your argument in disservice because frankly if we were expecting this to somehow prove there there was this interesting flow of knowledge between Francis Bacon and Shakespeare then I would expect every other line to be easily a quotation from what we know it in the plays that even tossed a case would they have an impact well if that was the case then yeah that would be certainly much more interesting because that is what mrs. pop did right and was her first line crack [Music] mrs. pot published a book in the nineteenth century which endeavor to find links between the notebook of Francis Bacon the promess the works of William Shakespeare and yes sometimes they did use the same proverbs or poetic quotations but mrs. pot also expects us to reassure when both Shakespeare and bacon include such earth-shatteringly identical phrases as more or less you have from the single word well [Music] the journey continues between the British Library in London and stratford-upon-avon Shakespeare hometown lisent Albans Bacon's birthplace here is a unique artistic treasure which seems to link the two writers which I for one have never heard about before so this is an elven Cathedral this is st. Albans Cathedral it is not therefore we are inside Albans okay in case you think I'm a crackpot we will mend it now please oh wow oh what a fantastic Oh God wow this is amazing as no treasure according to the eye of Rose this is beautiful and as the death we dönitz yes and the bore behind huh when you look how brilliantly balsan could have found fantastic the horses are just proposed oh it's amazing and you know what it is from just before 1600 so this is the only contemporary painting discovered by a Shakespearean theme it would have been much more neat if this had been discovered in stratford-upon-avon and not here in enemy territory [Music] Shakespeare's great poem Venus and Adonis forms a major part of my doctorate and here is a depiction of the story showing young Adonis killed by a boar with the goddess of love powerless to help and it's hair instant albans it's our most closely associated with Sir Francis Bacon I had no idea I was here and it certainly makes me think this it's beautiful even if it's here even if it's in some opens even if I know that Francis Bacon walked along that Street and came into this room every single day and in fact even if I know that Francis Bacon took up a paintbrush and painted it himself it's still to my mind does not prove that Francis Bacon was the writer of Venus and Adonis it looks like a feminine character up there where it's not sitting on the on the horse and also yeah you see the the the orange the orange thing that's not some stash above the road you get it in completely wrong angle if you see from what net one that I've seen it from there and nothing from here okay and that's a big mistake no no no it's definitely a man right yeah I definitely a man yeah I agree it from here is a man it's houses bacon man it's not it's not a forensic it is how yeah is this they all out like Francis Bacon and inane must be Francis baby we travel next to the far northeast of England to an ik castle the ancient seat of the Dukes of Northumberland petta is apparently going to show me a document which is kept here on which former co nians is The Smoking Gun the holy grail of their argument [Music] scholars have trawled through every scrap of paper from the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods however there are relatively few documents which we know about which are signed by or make reference to William Shakespeare but there is one document which is rarely mentioned by biographers of Shakespeare one document in which Shakespeare's name is written a dozen times the Caribbean if you'd like to take a peek the Northumberland manuscript is a small document damaged by fire it was originally wrapped around a collection of handwritten bacon documents on the manuscript there is a table of contents and the names Francis Bacon and William Shakespeare the Shakespeare plays which of the second and which two the third are mentioned in a context which might suggest that Francis Bacon was their author it's us by the same author miss Francis written twice once properly and one reversed so it says Francis William Shakespeare he seems to be an attempt to try to experiment with a signature well I mean well it's just absolutely conjecture there isn't yeah but have a look well I mean I can see I can see yeah yeah what do you think all this will man William Shakespeare Shakespeare Bellona spit out that I don't feel you know in a position to speculate I don't know quite know what to say about them [Music] those who see this manuscript as a smoking gun point out that this is the only document in existence which contains Shakespeare's name the titles of some of his plays and even some quotations from them and it also introduces the word naval the name level here Jimmy here it says Neville so it has been suspected that this has been owned either by Neville or by Francis Bacon well Sam it's fascinating you see this yeah I don't know what soon no but down here and there's this section Isle of Dogs fragment by Thomas Nash frankly though while the Northumberland manuscript seems impressive we don't know who wrote it Thomas Nash a famous Elizabethan satirist is also there there's better also think he was involved in this too so Francis Bacon also wrote Thomas nashe to say that oh but why is Thomas Nash on this page on this Francis Bacon page I mean you know it could have been a compilation of manuscripts quite well at some time well you know there you go but this is the only contemporary manuscript combining the words Shakespeare and bacon this is special never and bacon had a part in the project Shakespeare associates it felt like an ambush he was the first piece of evidence which could maybe pierce the armor of my skepticism and I had been giving no time to research it truly wonderful to it to be this close to I was not happy to be there for one second particular house have a word but could Shakespeare have been involved in the Brotherhood of the rosy cross and perhaps even collaborated with bacon Nevel and others committed to their ideals what did the Rosicrucians get involved after Shakespeare's death skillfully inserting their code into the first folio for their own purposes why would they want to hijack the typesetting and publication of these plays process that must have been time-consuming and costly what was the point these are questions that remain to be answered there did seem a deliberateness to many of the codes Heather had pointed out to me a crafted quality that appeared to transcend coincidence but why bother including these codes in this big chunk of text what's the point it's a much more important course that drives these men to do this the treasure we're going to find it an entirely new twist frankly shining forth our star of poets it says you are a constellation this is where we are

Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

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Keywords: TV Shows - Topic, stories, Documentaries, BBC documentary, history documentary, Documentary Movies - Topic, conspiracy, shakespeare, Full Documentary, Documentary, Full length Documentaries, real, Channel 4 documentary, 2017 documentary, did shakespeare, documentary history, History, code

Id: tNL0XODSMwU

Length: 49min 34sec (2974 seconds)

Published: Tue Jan 23 2018