Metallic Glass - A Material WE ARE NOT READY FOR!

[Music] hello everyone in this video i am going to tell you about such an extremely unusual material a useful application of which we are yet to discover recently when surfing the internet i found an article about so-called metallic glass and about it having the potential to soon make an industrial and technological revolution i too became interested in conducting experiments with this material and showing you my yours this very strange thing however when looking for this material in online shops i failed to find those beautiful and quite wealthy nuggets of metallic glass the only thing i managed to find was this thin metallic glass strip which is also called amorphous metal first let us consider this wonder material using this metallic strip and then we'll see how it goes this strip is made of alley of cobalt silicon iron and chromium you can see the ratio of these elements on your screen holding this material in my hands i immediately noticed that the metallic strip was very flexible and springy in contrast to aluminium foil which easily bends and then holds its shape this metallic glass just would not bend and change its shape stain an ideally straight and even straight no matter how i tried to twist it it would not yield if we cut this strip with scissors we can see that the edge is quite rough which is absolutely not typical of metal alleys moreover if we fold this strip and press it with a two kilogram air torch stand this almost won't affect its shape let's compare it to a thicker titanium foil this metal easily bends at the slightest touch and one spring back into shape what is this metallic glass and how different it is from a regular stainless steel first of all let us define what glass is one of the best ways to illustrate that is by using quartz which is a naturally occurring mineral composed of silicon dioxide its natural crystals consist of well-ordered molecules forming a crystalline lattice which is even reflected in the shape of the crystal if we reduce this crystal to powder mix it with other chemicals such as borax sodium nitrate and aluminium oxide and melted in the oven will have a molten mixture in which all molecules are mixed because there are sodium ions in the mixture when it cools off there don't form other crystalline lattices in the material instead molecules just freeze randomly thus creating glass or in other words an amorphous material besides making transparent glass it is also possible to make metallic glass of the same amorphous structure to make it a mixture of metals needs to be melted in an induction oven and the other is poured into a cool rotating copper wheel where the metal immediately solidifies creating a long strip of metallic glass when the speed of cooling exceeds 1 million degrees celsius per second metal atoms don't have enough time to create crystalline lattices in the material and thus there forms a non-ordered mixture of atoms or in other words glass made of metal but when the mixture is called off longer there form small crystals by the way you can see the well if you break in half an iron rod or a nail it deforms because of such crystals which create weak spots in between them in contrast to nails there are no crystals in metallic glass strips that is why it's so hard to twist them out of shape there is no room for atoms of metal to move around such a material is highly durable such material becomes much harder and tougher than steel the only way to change the shape of my strip is to heat it to 3000 degrees celsius as a result the atoms will rearrange themselves and create a totally new shape for instance i got a quite springy spring if we heat up a piece of this material quite strongly when cooling off atoms will manage to create small crystals making the end material extremely fragile after being overheated this trip began to crumble in my hands creating beads so small that i could hardly see them through a micro lens fortunately my energy was for magnetic or in other words an alley which is attracted to magnus thus i collected most of the pieces and didn't get a splinter in most cases such ferromagnetic strips from metallic glass are used in manufacturing multi-layer transformer cores this helps increase efficiency of transformers as losses of the eddy currents in the alternating magnetic field are reduced however because of high production costs of such strips most transformers of this new type are manufactured in china and india the countries which produce most metallic glass after conducting experiments with strips made of an amorphous metal i accidentally saw an article in the internet about the company called liquid metal which was started after a series of successful experiments with metallic glass in the california institute of technology in 2003 this company developed this own alloy of metallic glass and after that it started using it for commercial purposes judging by the sources in the internet their isla is based on zirconium and it is called literally one which is used to make a lot of commercial products some of those products included verto smartphone cases memory cards with bulletproof cases and even golf clubs i decided to test some items from this list after that i was lucky enough to purchase at an auction a couple of new golf clubs made in 2004 from that same italian glass these golf clubs were supposed to be many times more robust than regular ones that is why i could not wait to test them to compare performance of the super alley golf clubs with regular golf clubs i also procharged two regular stainless steel golf clubs when i got all the items i noticed that golf clubs from these two different materials differ a lot the one made of steel has a very noticeable crystal surface whereas the one made of metallic glass looks smooth and even by the way their masses are the same which will prove to be useful during tests the only thing that caught my attention was that the layer of metallic glass was heterogeneous most probably to cut production cause it was sprayed in a thin layer and the rest was made of steel i decided to run a trial with this golf how well the ball bounces of their heads like in this video three we can see that the ball bounces of the metallic glass surface much longer than of the steel surface because the formation of amorphous metal is much smaller than that of steel and most energy is transferred to the bowl first let us see how the 10 millimeter in diameter steel ball bounces off a stainless steel pot because the ball is made of tempered steel it easily made a dent in a less dense steel almost have not bounced of it for my experiment i secured two golf clubs heads in a perfect horizontal position and started dropping the same steel bearing ball on them from the height of 40 centimeters from this footage we can see that the ball bounces off metallic glass golf club slightly higher than from the steel one also the difference isn't as significant as in the demonstrational video i showed you before based on 12 experiments i found out that on average the bowel bounces off the metallic glass golf club 10 higher also these results are within the measurement accuracy but i didn't stop there and decided to test both golf clubs in real conditions i assembled a testing setup in which golf clubs will be hitting the golf ball with the same amount of force because their masses are the same the only difference will be in the rigidity of the metal heads and in theory the ball has to fly off the metallic glass club to a longer distance i did 12 tests with the metallic golf club and 12 more with a steel golf club and filmed that from the same spot after that i decided to overlap the footages to compare the results we can see that the setup copes well with its tasks and the trajectory of the ball is almost always the same i have colored the balls in different colors the red ball bounces off the metallic glass golf club and the blue one of the steel golf club after analyzing the freeze frame shots and measuring the distances in pixels i got a sheet with data which shows that the difference is insignificant the metallic glass golf club would send the ball only two percent further away than the steel one i found it extremely strange because in theory a metallic glass golf club has to be much harder than a steel one and thus much better transfer energy of the hit to the golf ball however later i learned that to comply with the american golf lego standards the coefficient of restitution of a golf club should not exceed 86 percent in other words after being hit with a golf club the ball should not receive more than 86 percent of the initial impulse and the rest of energy should be spent on the formation of metal as the golf club itself it turns out all my tastes were in vain and at factories golf clubs made of metallic glass are manufactured with a lowered coefficient of restitution in order for them to meet the gulf standards and be legal for playing this game evidently this is why such golf clubs were discontinued because customers didn't see much of a difference and it was pointless to spend more on a product which has the same characteristics as the rest besides being used in golf clubs and transformers there is also a narrower range of applications of this material for instance it is used in some nasa projects in laboratory researchers and also in exclusive projects like making expensive forest watches unfortunately smartphone and memory card cases from such an expensive material didn't catch on with customers however i think if apple makes a new iphone with a metallic glass scratch resistant bag the future of this material will look much brighter so i think that video was useful for you and if you like it don't forget to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to my channel to learn more new and [Music] interesting

Channel: Thoisoi2 - Chemical Experiments!

Views: 1,500,786

Rating: 4.8391542 out of 5

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Id: H6gJvYx6fJo

Length: 13min 5sec (785 seconds)

Published: Sat Aug 29 2020

Reddit Comments

[u/MostlyInTheMiddle]

Didn't watch but excited it may be transparent aluminium. I am in desperate need of creating a transportation tank for my whales with material of suitable strength.

[u/jclv]

Did Borat narrate this?