Neodymium And Rare-Earth Elements Are Humanity's Future| Treasure Hunters | Spark

[Music] invisibly they hide beneath our feet for centuries we didn't even know they existed but now they shape our future [Music] they open up amazing possibilities but at the same time threatened to destroy our environment if you look at the periodic table there's a couple of rows that appear to be kind of kicked out they don't quite fit in there and they're down at the bottom and people tend to ignore them volunteer on InFocus could look thin in its young the reason why we started focusing on them I said they have a number of very exciting technological property issues again to spin your characteristic indeed upon their essential characteristic is that they stick together like glue it's actually very difficult to pry them apart and twenty one to ten [Music] when I think about it I view them as being catalyst for future development in the 21st century no real development is going to happen without in here sim as the hope for a bright future chemical animus considered useless for a long time their properties were simply too weird only a few years ago researchers discovered their true value and that triggered a technological revolution today they are more valuable than oil or gold rare earth metals these elements are considered rare because they were very difficult to chemically isolate once isolated they have properties that allow a myriad of modern technologies smartphones and tablet computers hybrid cars and electric vehicles all our modern gadgets contain rare earths bow to China the world's largest rare earth mine 97% of the world's supply of rare earths is mined in China do you answer why apotheosis isn't at all a cool Anna Yano poor design apart from promethium you know your stereos gas all the other rare earth elements can be found in China's vehicle and when you talk about rare the moment you automatically talk about the resources in China but at the wants or Angela's onboard Bank Arena the opencast pizza bow - is in fact an iron ore mine it started production in 1927 the decades rare-earths were considered a waste product until prices began to rise on the world market a couple of decades ago the Chinese discovered that the material which was above iron ore in a place in Inner Mongolia was in fact rare earth ore and that they could from this material that had been dug up and cast aside they could separate R errors uh and they started producing unseparated rare earth oxides so has China become the world market leader only by chance the head of the Chinese society for rare earths thinks differently until what almost only rewarding in back now you're capable and come nice in the 50s China began the exploration of rarer building in nature in the 60s we build our own processing system and began mining operations lesson learned by 80s and 90s we started mass production got bad pianist and I see no doubt by now we all depend on China rare earths mind and refined in China with dirty and outdated methods abort by high-tech companies around the world to produce smartphones electric cars and wind turbines matias bouche yet from the Institute for applied ecology in Darmstadt knows how difficult it is to produce rare earths but rubbish wash de los dos desert you have to bear in mind in rare earths never occur on their own but always in groups in court they're chemically very similar to separate them you need very sophisticated processes that need lots of chemicals and energy only then you end up with the pure elements or metals in order metallic want Braman journey rare earths are already in short supply and they're expensive global consumption has doubled during the past 20 years and is still rising steeply therefore researchers are looking for new deposits around the world Andrea Kaczynski from the Institute of geochemistry investigates rare earth deposits in the Pacific Ocean she's particularly interested in these strange nodules which are full of useful raw materials devon Ostrava 2-star there's a demand for raw materials and there are deposits on land but many natural deposits are in remote sensitive ecosystems in the rainforest for example or in coastal areas or their mind in countries where people are working under inhuman conditions all these things could be avoided with deep-sea mining about possum eating bird [Music] Hawaii in the port of Honolulu a research ship set sail on board scientists searching for rare earths this election cycle a number Cantus we've known for some time that manganese nodules and manganese crusts on the ocean floor have a relatively high metal content especially nickel cobalt and zinc but due to new technologies like green energy generation and so on the demand for rare earths is rising and we're now more interested in these elements because of their economic value I'm tuned in to problems from the edge hub diving robots are scouring the seabed the manganese nodules [Music] since 2006 the German Federal Institute for geo Sciences and Natural Resources has been exploring two sites in the Pacific Ocean a video camera shows images of the ocean floor but is it really so easy to simply pick up natural resources from the seabed [Music] environmentalists are worried about a destruction of the ocean floor scoop which also there are quite complex life forms down there and processes in the deep sea are very very slow everything grows and regenerates slowly so if we interfere with such a system it's difficult to predict how long it will take before it regenerate scientists hope to find millions of tons of rare earths in the Pacific enough to make us independent of China's supplies I've found far from this is an area of research we've only just started to explore but we already feel that it'll have a much greater importance in the future this is one of our big challenges if we want to harvest these modules how do we get the raw materials out of them for example rare earth Andrea Kaczynski wants to find out what's hidden inside these manganese nodules and how to get it out [Music] when it is eyes met discover in our significance now the Council for casino meters yeah as if my accession you can see here that both these manganese nodules have a call they need some kind of seed to start growing this seed like this little stone here in the middle just sit somewhere on the seabed in the sediment at a depth of 4 or 5,000 meters it could be a fragment of a rock or a fish tooth is not seen and deep down there where this seed is chemical processes start depositing this black material manganese and iron oxide around this inner core here but what exactly is this little nodule made of that took millions of years to grow on the ocean floor Jam fine for soft we focus on high-tech elements like rare earths for examples but we also look at the entire spectrum of elements to get an idea of the makeup if you want to extract rare earth you have to get them out of this black material first there are no distinct lumps of rare earth minerals that you can simply pick out mechanically it's a compound we have to understand first what this black stuff is made of only then can we develop methods to pick out certain elements analyses show that manganese nodules contain high amounts of rare earths raw materials that are urgently needed for the green technologies of the future but is it okay to ransack out oceans to produce solar panels electric cars and wind turbines how green is our future if we have to destroy pristine ecosystems [Music] we miss anomaly William does a cylinder of Devon you have to consider that there are many countries in the world that still have some way to go to build an infrastructure for an adequate standard of living and if these countries are to use green technology and to get there then they need new resources like for example rare earth way other sources too much professor Tian to build more wind turbines at solar energy plants around the world we have to exploit a new rare earth deposits the difficulty is finding them in the first place so you might from the Talmud in getting some leaves prune Arden for metals like iron chromium zinc lead copper and so on there are very specific deposits that we have zinc deposits we have led divided well-defined structures from which we can easily obtain the metals this is not the case with rare earth color yeah I'm talk of income that's aspired in Vancouver hopefully suffer right in the middle of a cornfield in Saxony geologists follow a hot lead during GDR times scientists were looking for uranium here but instead they found rare earths nobody was interested in these strange elements back then so the mine channels closed but now a mining company is test drilling again hoping to tap into the largest deposit of rare earths in Europe among hopeful taga nothing a tauntaun quia cool if you're looking for investors and you tell them we have some LGD our documents then most investors will say well yes that they were written during the Socialist GDR period so we don't really trust this means we need to reconfirm the old data that the steady geologists thrilled deep into the rock 4.4 million tonnes of ore is supposed to be here a blessing for the German high-tech industry which is completely dependent on rare earth imports from abroad but how to excavate the treasure a huge open pit mine in the middle of Germany is not an option by digging up this rarer deposit has a diameter of 130 meters the depth of 1,000 site this will make a gigantic hole we can't do this our best option is to build an underground mine shaft either before thee this means we only need a deep pit with a small Tower at the surface and a few buildings around it the entire mining operation would happen underground an expensive technically complex deep mining shafts for a tiny deposit is this economically viable the data from the test drilling needs to determine the concentration of rare earths in your to the naked eye they are invisible God glitter there soon iam Antonia Kent man or gold sparkles beautifully diamonds can also be seen easily as from rare earths they're very inconspicuous this staff looks like cement it's grey and nothing sparkles nothing catches the eye we only know from geo chemical analyses that there are rare earths in here knowing that we can of course look at the samples and say yes rare earths are in fact present but we can't see them with the naked eye neodymium makes magnets stronger it reinsures vivid colors on computer screens and lanthanum makes electric car batteries more efficient but for a long time scientists simply didn't know what to do with these strangely named chemical elements cerium for example was discovered in 1803 but he took more than 100 years until an inventor came up with a bright idea of what to do with it yes-man Wyndham desert no.1 in visitation bushland of Wasilla Mencia oh god why and indle comes the first applications for errors were essentially limited to the elements cerium there were two applications which one was using it for lighter Flint's and the other one was making incandescent Mantle's for gas lamps out of it this was basically the reason why people mind rare earths at all later other applications were found for rare earths lanthanum for example made the production of gasoline much easier and cheaper ruined and simpler sandwich lungs from Washburn han-shan the price of gasoline would probably be between 10 and 30% higher than what it is right now if it wasn't for rare earths and it's already quite high from water mountain paths California long before China the US was the main producer of rare earths a lot of people ask the question of where do you find rivers and the simple answer to this is you can find them in your backyard it's just that the concentration is so low you could never get it out the trick is finding deposits of rarer than are rich and large for decades the mind of mountain pass was considered the most important rath deposit in the world [Music] start of the mountain pass district was in about 1949 when prospectors found a radioactive signature on the on some outcropping of rock they analyzed it in found that it was a remarkably rich ore of rare earth minerals the problem with deposits like mountain pass if the grant earth elements are usually closely bound to other ethnics many of these contaminants are radioactive to isolate rare earths mining companies use sulfuric acid nitric acid and hydrochloric acid this produces highly toxic radioactive effluence the reason why rare earths do not exist as individual elements in nature lies in the geological formation of the deposits geologists tell us that there were eight volcanic intrusions in which molten carbonate I Rock came up through that crack and it just deposited layers one after another and built up the whole deposit [Music] between 1965 and 1995 the minor mountain pass was the world's largest producer of rare earths the raw materials were needed for making lighters gas lamps color television sets and for producing gasoline however the production processes at mountain pass were complicated and prone to failure in 1998 the worst case scenario happened a billion litres of radioactive and chemically contaminated waste water leaked from a collecting pond and polluted a Nature Reserve [Music] stricter environmental regulations made the mine unprofitable in 2002 mountain pass closed shall I schedule is anywhere move it to shortly after the closing of mouth and pass a technological revolution happened smartphones and flat screens took the world by storm at the same time environmentally friendly cars adult sir native energy sources became popular all these modern technologies need rare earths isn't king vertice milliard mentioned vivian and subsequently seven billion people in 40 years will have an additional two to three billion leaves middle these people need resources not only food and drinking water but also rare earth metal Philippi which are used in mobile phones or cars or wind turbines in crafts under this means that the demand for raw materials will increase tremendously in the future after all stumbled in debt so-called cabal tea strike Beijing China at the same time as the Americans withdraw from the rare earths business the Chinese take over the new economic superpower is able to produce raw materials and finished products a dumping prices in China's boom towns skyscrapers are mushrooming and the domestic demand for consumer goods is rising for example China has the largest number of mobile phone users worldwide as demand for smartphones and flat panel displays Rises China's production of rare earths increases accordingly one by one mines in other countries close down unable to compete with China the world is now almost entirely dependent on China's rare earths nil it's insane from spin yarn at FINA Amamiya he called on Tyler during the last 10 to 15 years China has taken over not only mining operations but also the separation and production of refined rare earth around 97% of all rare earths are now produced in China they are in a very dominant position in unsupported thorn and stun but in 2011 China's government suddenly restricts its rare sex Lords the mines reduce their output accordingly the world gets a feel of how powerful China has become because prices shoots up on the world market energy-saving lightbulbs for example suddenly get 25 percent more expensive the problem of the reduced exports from China arm really is one that that's been in the in the making for a long time are trying to reduce the exports for a number of reasons one of which they have a very rapidly growing internal market and that they want to manufacture finished goods within their country rather than ship unfinished rare earth oxides to us the world wonders about the reasons for this export restriction is it because of environmental problems or are the Chinese simply flexing their muscles evenly Australis industy product often says in Edmonton and ISM buzz besides I don't want to rule out that the restriction of rare metal exports has something to do with the tightening of environmental regulations as she noticed but it almost certainly has also got something to do with China's power over the world market this marked us at all I'm certain about that it in marked does the visto Festiva through so far China's Forte has been mining as a lot of money can be made with processing which is complicated and difficult right now processing takes place in Japan Europe and the US many experts think that China also wants to control rare earth refining too soon China could also dominate the market for processed rare does she nurses humanoids he percent in mock furs act the reason why China supplies 97% of rare earth metals worldwide is because of cheap labor costs in obedia mining there is much cheaper than for example in the US house or its budget wiser Indian with our we have become overly dependent on Chinese exports entire industries cannot function without rare earths anymore without them the lights will go out quite literally because for instance energy-saving light bulbs contain rare earths the governments of the US Europe and Japan the filed complaints with the World Trade Organization against China and are making plans to look for new deposits around the world [Music] how does our or not geostrategic dog initially the idea strategically it makes sense to protect your own minds and not to ransack your own departments with local for example the united states have their own oil wells alone which they haven't touched yet ability instead they bought oil on the world market you build a door i would do the same thing for i wouldn't use my own supplies if i can get the same product cheaper on the world monger often bid work the kim and it also makes sense to protect raw material deposits baggage klappa germany China's restrictive export policy effect particularly those who need large amounts of rare earths for their daily business like the magnet manufacturing company max Berman the company founder once invented the magnetic fridge door today the company mainly works for the automotive industry a special magnet for each application if you're having a moment meals since dishwasher we currently produce more than 50 different types of magnets for our customers new corn among need to hear it [Music] the pollutes we produce 100 million magnets per year which equals about a thousand tons of material including 50 tons of rare earth nowadays all modern high-tech magnets use neodymium and dysprosium these rare earth metals ensure that the magnets are stronger and have a longer life before sauce 2 nd the neodymium-iron-boron magnets are used for sensors in windscreen wipers closed interval switches we show you the locations and legal system and in steering systems where they control rotational or angular movements this makes driving more comfortable and comforta Blizzard but expensive or failing supplies of rare earths make life difficult for the magnet makers Plus vsq on Compton bar does dosti for Kennebunk we cannot see woman we noticed that the shortage triggered speculation prices for neodymium oxide rose rapidly they exploded they tripled even quadrupled within two or three months the smokin be redundant loose discernable we had to shut down production and couldn't deliver on time missed deadlines and exploding costs the crisis hit the company hard my proyecta de grado from hopkins implicants some projects had to be cancelled the industry desperately tries to avoid this dynamic of expensive raw materials and failing supplies from the drugstore for oscillation what has happened to the magnet makers is happening to many other industries too [Music] because um too good for the entire rare-earth consuming industrial sector in Central Europe and North America is suffering from the twin problems of high prices for raw materials and a strategic dependence on a single supplier majority in this case China - honeyeater and depression village germany right here in idyllic Saxony an inventor tries to help the high-tech industry chemists Volk ramp Alec is working on a method to recycle rare earths from industrial waste he enters unchartered territory IATI often teleplay lid up teller here on this plate we have waste from the production of permanent magnets iron plays an important role but also rare earth such as neodymium is prozium and precio de Miam in principle we're now trying to isolate these individual substances and series of young the magnetic waste is first heated in the blast furnace the first step in the recycling process as Krypton the guns are futile unhide to conceal take up here if there are numerous types of high-tech and green tagged waste in football we know that during the production of magnets a lot of waste is accumulated and we've just started to develop recycling processes for this waste we separate the basic components to get pure uncontaminated rare earth compounds which can then be recycled back into the economy just practice to look if your field the recycling processes that exist today are usually only capable of extracting one valuable component from waste material but volt fan palak is not happy with that he wants to recycle all the materials contained in a magnet a system unfinished core it's not enough to just recycle gold from electronic waste for example if you then discard all the other elements very good we're going to conceive of linear element image mastered it makes perfect sense instead of mining and processing rare earths with environmentally damaging techniques we could simply recycle them from our waste but the technology is still in its infancy and doesn't work for all rare earths palak is currently working on the process for recycling the element neodymium just endless junior year the father up we basically extract all the water here this is done in a rotary evaporator use and here in the case of neodymium the dry substance undergoes a color change and goes from pink to blue you cook it [Music] it's Christus true now it's turned quite a nice blue this is the shirt chemist do you always have something nice to look at good for your soul dealer here in the lab the procedure is already working but can panitch make is recycling process work on an industrial scale could his method solve our commodity crisis it's definitely the right idea of the right time we all know that petrol cars are outdated electric vehicles are the future but their engines need strong magnets with lots of rare earths in them when these our devices are operating they actually generate a fair amount of heat within them any inefficiency in the motor or the wind generator is realized as heat within the machine and so they have to operate at temperatures much higher than one might expect when one talks about an electric car ah and without dysprosium this is not possible this prozium makes the magnets of electric car motors heat-resistant but it's expensive and environmentally damaging therefore car makers would rather not use it Ames the United States [Music] here in the small university town of Ames in Iowa bill mccollum has set out to revolutionize the design of electric motors his research is considered so revolutionary that the US government decided to get involved in the project he and his team analyzed one of their latest magnetic compounds with an electron microscope for the electric motor of the future McCallum needs an entirely new magnetic compound that doesn't contain expensive raw materials under current technologies the magnets which are suitable for large-scale applications in vehicles and wind energy need to have dysprosium in them dysprosium is a heavy rare earth the heavy rare earths are much rarer than the light dysprosium makes up only a couple of percent of the total rare earths in natural abundance in the Earth's crust yet in the magnets that we are currently using in electric vehicles there's as much as eight weight percent of the magnet and this is not sustainable to solve this problem the scientists at Ames Laboratory are experimenting with new magnetic compounds they would prefer to replace this prozium with Sirian because it exists in abundance unfortunately the magnetic properties of cerium are quite poor however the secret is in the mixture to start with the compound is heated vigorously dysprosium is a huge problem it's problem for the Chinese and it's going to be a problem for the rest of us because we use dysprosium at a higher rate with respect to neodymium president IAM the other workers then it's natural abundance the freshly mixed magnetic compound now has to be prepared for analysis its reheated and poured onto a rapidly rotating wheel a vacuum prevents air from coming into contact with the compound and contaminating it the result is an ultra thin metallic bands that breaks up into small pieces these pieces contain only tiny amounts of the expensive element dysprosium but the scientists still hope it makes for a strong magnet we really only take advantage of dysprosium at certain locations around the magnet itself so if I have dysprosium at the very middle of the magnet it's not doing me any good it's wasted so their process is being developed to put the dysprosium only where it is required so this can greatly reduce the amount of dysprosium is there in the laboratory next door the shavings of the new mixture are prepared for analysis the ultra-thin metal strips are fixed on the specimen holder with glue for Bill McCallum every new compound is an attempt to get closer to the perfect magnet [Music] [Music] the search for the super magnet is a difficult process that takes a lot of time and money however the involvement of the US government shows that politicians too are starting to see the importance of such projects for our future [Music] this is a pretty good curve now we're seeing that there are various trade-offs that we can make and and we believe that we could really make materials where we have reduced the dysprosium or eliminated this program and reduced the neodymium and still have the performance necessary for use in electric vehicles the production facilities of the American sports car manufacturer Tesla the small company only produces electric cars and doesn't use any rare earths in their motors how is that possible the secret lies in the design of the motors they work without conventional magnets other manufacturers are now working on similar devices one of the things we're observing or have observed over the last two years and this was spurred by unstable very high pricing from materials coming out of China has been an effort by automobile manufacturers and other users to re-engineer their products away from wearers if the price for the magnets reaches a certain point it's an invariant point and they're going to go to something else just recently a big international car manufacturer started cooperation with a small Californian company the idea getting rid of rare earths in all-electric vehicles even in expensive everyday cars zero emission cars zero emission power drives wind turbines are spreading quickly in 2020 they will account for six percent of global electricity generation this equals an output of 130 nuclear power plants [Music] [Music] the problem the latest large-scale offshore wind turbines are very powerful and require little maintenance but they work with large magnets that contain huge amounts of rare earths a massive problem for the environment [Music] in reserve in general Ram Dass play an important role for alternative energy generation you're coming from you could say that renewable energy generation requires non-renewable raw materials and rare earths are a prime example of that a five megawatt wind turbine for example contains 800 kilograms of neodymium and 200 kilograms of dysprosium in total one ton of rare earths for a single five megawatt wind turbine the largest emerging market for wind power is China here - manufacturers rely on rare earth metals for their turbines the latest models need up to 4 tons of the valuable raw materials a huge strain on resources [Music] verts Borg Germany researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute vasilich of research are interested in the massive amounts of rare earths that are used in wind turbines and electric vehicles but also in the tiny amounts found in computers and mobile phones they see today's gadgets as tomorrow's raw material warehouses the intensive Unimog de Pizan in metallic rock toss him up trailer house cord how effectively do we recycle rare earths from our waste as Indians either we don't recycle them at all inclined indoors this has something to do with the fact that in most devices rare earth metals are used only in tiny amounts and in many different components our current recycling methods can only recover standard materials such as copper but not rare earth metals of concern to the under finis so we need to separate the different components find and then concentrate them to get out the rare earth metals but soon arising all diseases and inveterate and hassle however recycling complex devices such as mobile phones is difficult because no one knows the basic materials they're made of not even the manufacturers themselves many parts come from suppliers who in turn get their raw materials from other suppliers via Valen some is design mobizen but first we need to know what are the basic materials right now we're building up a database for various consumer products like mobile phones listen we want to know where is what horsedick trust and once we know that then we can start separating and concentrating raw materials to make recycling worthwhile Lauren Smith currently it's simply not economical to extract small quantities out of a big pile of electronic waste like mobile phones with a scanning electron microscope researchers hunt for even the tiniest amounts of rare earths if we want to turn dirt into gold we need to get down to the nitty-gritty at molecular level the discarded gadget reveals its hidden values then you put a tent in the garden thus MIT isn't get laid Oh if manufacturers realized that they are wasting valuable raw material if they stop thinking about the money they get from simply selling products then they will understand that this old device is a source for making new devices the HVD icon only then will we start to have a recycling economy cuz love him I know Beatriz offed the electron microscope shows the basic ingredients of a device the gray patches indicate rare earths the computer only takes a few seconds to find out what the small gray spots are made of they contain neodymium a dysprosium valuable rare earth metals but it's still a long way to the recycling process I overheard Celia no easier France in erisa Europe certainly has the chance to lead the way in recycling Subhan Dean orphans we need these raw materials for our economy our industry needs it he is a portal to install fat burner Teagan on the industry but our countries are poor in natural resources of ours land of diamonds ID on the other hand we've developed recycling methods in the part of it so we aren't starting from scratch funny and I think this is our chance what does must draw which ones on bites us I'm not only talking about recycling rare earth metals but about recycling all materials including copper and aluminium host bootable means you're washed off you daughter I myself from working on recycling the raw materials from old waste disposal side support for we're pioneers in this field and it's a huge opportunity for Germany and Europe biodiesel [Music] Meera's burger burger the ice Knutson scary dismiss invisibly as citizens and as consumers need to be aware what is actually in the products we use what is their commodity value when we look at household waste we often discover more than 10 or 20 mobile phones in the rubbish usually they're simply incinerated but this is wrong this is no longer sustainable a cellphone is like a mine we speak of urban mining and we do need to recycle it this is important [Music] as lords recycling is only economically viable it's Isis for recycled raw materials alone from the prices for primary raw materials it occurs at the moment this isn't the case so we're now developing technologies that will be used in 5 10 or 15 years if commodity prices continue to rise it'll be profitable one day done the decision [Music] the Americans of reopened mountain pass which used to be the world's largest rare earth mine rising prices on the world market drive the project and the prospect of independence from Chinese suppliers the investors hope for a 15 to 20 percent global market share and stable prices they use sophisticated technology to protect the environment the mining company promises to use cleaner processes in the future than in the past and still hopes to be cheaper than the all-powerful Chinese competition in the processes that have typically been used in China they use acids that are so aggressive that they chew away on the thorium oxide that's present and it literally goes in solution so for instance if you take sugar and you put it in water and it disappears into water that's dissolving all right it's going into solution so these strong chemicals will do the same thing with thorium and the thorium ions going solution then it becomes a wastewater problem and it can leak into the groundwater and contaminate it in our system we have we've designed we've redesigned our chemistry's such that we avoid the dissolution of the thorium so it stays in soluble and it stays as solid and then we just pull the rare earths away from it and it took a while to figure out how to do that records however important they may be for the future of our modern technologies their environmental problems are hard to control yet many experts believe that these difficulties can be overcome so our goal is to be the true rare earth innovator in the world the king of them the most innovative company out there so we're going to continue to be looking for new platform opportunities and trying to stand these things up as quickly as possible but still until those tons of rare earths used in electric cars and wind turbines exacerbating the environmental problems are supposed to solve some of them Olek who Victor woods at least for the moment I do the benefits outweigh the detriment of the towards your obviously we have to do everything we can to keep it that way so we must work hard to ensure that the use of these elements doesn't have any adverse effects we all know that the supply of raw materials is twinned li we need to start thinking in circular flows of potentially recyclable resources only then can we really take advantage of the benefits of rare earths we are raiding it political environment industry fur trader we talk with politicians in that art we talk with industry representatives we talk with the EU Commission and things start to change two or three years ago people thought you were a fool when you talked about the commodity crisis today everybody talks about it and everybody talks about rare-earth just like we need a more sustainable approach for producing our food we need one for sourcing our raw materials [Music]

Channel: Spark

Views: 1,379,561

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Keywords: Spark, Science, Technology, Engineering, Learning, How To, education, documentary, factual, mind blown, Apple, iPhone Production, Treasure Hunters, How Are iPhones Made, What goes into a smart phone, What goes into an iPhone, rare earth elements, rare earth minerals documentary, rare earth metals documentary, rare earth, the universe, engineering documentary, full documentary, inventions creativity, gadgets geek, adventure culture, documentaryphotography, scienceexplained

Id: 88jpgxSRVZU

Length: 51min 50sec (3110 seconds)

Published: Fri Jun 23 2017