Since the mid-2000s, the monotub tech
has continued to be one of the most popular and effective methods
for growing mushrooms indoors. Designed to be both an incubation
space and a fruiting chamber, no transfers and no special equipment
is needed from inoculation to first flush. Because the classic monotub design uses
passive air exchange through filtered holes, CO2 can build up inside the tub and limit the
grower to species that can tolerate higher CO2 concentrations. This makes it nearly
impossible to grow a number of of delicious edible species that are very sensitive and need
abundant fresh air in order to grow properly. There's a way that you can modify
your monotub to accommodate species previously excluded from the monotub
tech. In this video, I'm going to show you how to modify your homemade tub so you
can grow even more species of mushrooms. If you're experimenting with new species or
just want to grow edible mushrooms like the Blue Oyster, Black King (Black Pearl), or Lion's
Mane, you'll want to consider adding a fresh air exchange fan and humidifier to your tub.
Even if you're only working with CO2 tolerant species like the medicinal mushrooms most often
associated with monotub cultivation, you'll want to consider modifying your tub with some of these
automated systems as a way to be more hands-off. All of this comes down to what mushroom
species you want to grow and what environmental conditions they require to reach
maturity. These environmental conditions include fresh air exchange, humidity, light, and
temperature. When it comes to monotubs, humidity and fresh air can be managed
by installing a fan and humidifier. If you don't have either you can also introduce
more fresh air by removing filter patches, but this can lead to increased moisture
loss so you'll need to mist to compensate. Temperature is a very important
variable that should be monitored closely. It can greatly affect how a
mushroom species grows or if it will grow at all. Light informs the direction
of fruiting and color of fruiting bodies, it can also help mushrooms produce certain
chemical compounds such as vitamin D. Each of these variables is critical, but keep
in mind that genetics and substrate play an important role too. Clean substrate with the
right nutrients and vibrant genetics will make a huge difference no matter what you're
growing. The modifications I'm going to show you are specific to fruiting mushrooms
as opposed to incubating substrate and should only be used once your substrate
has fully colonized. I'll say that again, only modify your tub's conditions when your
substrate is ready to fruit. You'll know your monotub is colonized and ready to fruit when
it's fully covered with dense mycelium, so make sure that if you plan on using automated systems
keep them off while your monotubs are colonizing. Today I'm using North Spore's FAE min fan
which comes with its own speed controller. It's meant to fit over 2 inch, holes but
you could potentially make it work with other monotub designs too. As you can see, it
has four screw holes on each corner which I'll use to mount to the side of this monotub. For
this, you'll want to use a 9/64 inch drill bit. I also have a repeat cycle timer which will
allow me to control when the fan turns on and for how long. Certain species don't need as much
air flow and you can dial in their exact needs using a cycle timer. This cycle timer is optional
but it can be useful for anyone who wants to be more conservative with fresh air flow. Pumping
less air into your tub means that you won't need to have your humidifier running as frequently
and it also lengthens the lifespan of your fan. This plugs into the wall and can be controlled by
these dials here once you've connected your fan. Before installing your fan, double check that the North Spore logo is facing out. This
will push air into the tub, not out, to create a positive pressure system.
The reason I'm using a positive system, rather than a negative which would be pumping
air outside of the tub, is to reduce the amount of spores entering my living space. I'm going to
remove the top filter patch and use painters tape to secure the fan over the hole. From here I'm
going to use my drill bit to mark each corner. I can now remove the fan and puncture these
holes using a drill. Lastly, I can secure my fan to my monotub. Make sure to place the screen
on the back side of the fan before installing. I'm also going to plug my fan into the cycle
timer and test my system to make sure everything is functioning properly. Alternatively, if
you don't want a fan you could remove the filter patches to introduce more fresh
oxygen-rich air to circulate within the tub. Which filters you remove and how many will
depend on the environmental conditions and what you're growing. By doing this you'll just want
to make sure that your substrate doesn't dry out. More TLC is required since you may have
to spray it with water several times a day. If you decide to use a fan for fresh
air exchange you'll also want to add a humidifier. That's because as you pump fresh
air into the tub, you're reducing those ambient humidity levels with drier outside air and
this will quickly dry out your substrate. This MycoMister mini humidifier comes
with a hose and hose connector which you can attach to the side of your monotub
by removing one of these filter patches. Humidity tends to build up
in this area of the hose, to the point where it can create a water
plug. If your humidity is running frequently, you can use some tape or one of these
suction cups to secure the hose to the top. Another option is to place the humidifier below your tub so excess moisture will
drain back into the humidifier. Now that my humidifier is attached to my
monotub, I'm going to set up my humidity controller. This humidity controller also comes
with a sensor which monitors the ambient humidity inside the tub and signals the humidifier
when to turn on and off. I found that the best way to place the humidity sensor inside
a monotub is to cut a small slit in one of the filter patches on the short ends of the tub
and fit it through the hole to the other side. Once it's all set up and your humidifier
is full of water, you want your humidity controller to read around 80 - 90%. This is
the ideal humidity for mushroom formation. During pinning, humidity levels should be
higher but please be careful about excess condensation as it can cause pooling and stress
your equipment. Also remember that temperature affects how condensation occurs. The air can
hold more moisture at higher temperatures and less at lower temperatures. If your growing
space is too cold, your MycoMister won't be able to humidify your tub to the parameters set on
your humidity controller. It will be impossible. If you see excessive pooling or
condensation, it may signal that you either need need to increase the
ambient temperature inside your tub or you should lower your humidity parameters
to account for the cooler temperatures. Mushrooms don't photosynthesize but they are
photosensitive and certain species require ambient light in order to fruit properly. Full
spectrum light encourages vegetative growth, primordial formation, the production of vitamin D, and pigmentation. Light also provides a clear
direction for the mushroom to grow towards. If you're growing mushrooms in a dark area such
as a closet, you can add artificial lighting. There are studies that suggest photosensitive
fungi are stimulated by certain wavelengths of light. Consider purchasing an LED that
allows you to change the color temperature so you have more control over the lighting
spectrum. With that being said, lighting needs including light intensity, spectrum, and
duration will vary from species to species. Beyond bulk substrate, you can use monotubs to
grow fruiting blocks for fruiting species that require higher levels of fresh air exchange
such as oyster mushrooms. Just cut an X in the block and place it inside the bin. Make sure
your systems are on, and you're ready to grow! If you're not using the automated system,
you can still grow species like shiitake. You want to remove the block from the bag, remove
a couple filters, and mist with water regularly. Thank you for watching this video!
Feel free to let us know what you think about the monotub tech in the comments.
We appreciate your feedback and look forward to creating more video content surrounding
mushroom cultivation and education. So stay tuned and don't forget to hit that
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