Gerunds and Infinitives in Perfect and Passive Forms

hi everyone if you're ready to take your gerund and infinitive abilities to the expert level this video will help you with that but it's really important that you understand gerunds and infinitives first and then that you know what the passive voice is as well as how to use past participles with have so for example like with the present perfect past perfect or future perfect okay so what i'm going to show you is how to do things like this she's grateful to have traveled what's the main verb going on here it looks like there's so many verbs is this the verb be or is it all this over here okay well actually the main verb is that and the rest of that is just an infinitive but since infinitives are verbs too they don't act like verbs in a sentence but they come from a verb this infinitive has been connected with the past participle after the verb have and i'm going to explain to you how to do that but what this sentence means is she's grateful to have traveled meaning in the past at some point she traveled before now and now she's grateful about that over here she's grateful to have been helped again what's the verb it seems like there's so many but really there's only one and it's this one the the b verb all this over here is just an infinitive that comes after an adjective as we know infinitives can come after adjectives but this form of the infinitive is combining the um present perfect and the passive voice so i'm going to tell you how to do that as well but what this means is that she's grateful that in the past she was helped by someone okay so she's focusing on how that happened before now and that someone else helped her which is why we're using the passive voice over here we say she talked about having traveled so here's the the verb even though all of this looks like the verb this is not the verb this is a gerund that comes after a preposition because as we know after prepositions we use gerunds but because we're focusing on something that she talked about that happened in the past before now we can use that gerund in the form with the past participle which means that we need to use have in the form of the gerund if this is too complicated don't worry we're going to talk about it finally she talked about having been helped okay so we got the verb and then over here we have the gerund phrase it looks like a verb it is not acting like a verb in the sentence this is the verb this is the action over here we have a gerund in the passive voice with the past participle okay so let's talk about how to do that so the first thing that you need to do is make sure you remember when to use a gerund and an infinitive as you probably remember gerunds and infinitives can come as the subject of the sentence but they can also be the object inside of a sentence and in this case they can be the object of all of these things but we have to remember which can be the object of these different types of words so let's review with a verb you can have a gerund or you can have an infinitive but the important thing is to remember that certain verbs require an infinitive form after them and other verbs require a gerund form after them for example the verb enjoy that is a verb that requires a gerund after it i enjoy swimming i enjoy writing i enjoy learning for an infinitive one of many verbs that can take an infinitive would be expect i expect to learn i expect to understand i expect to find my way okay now we'll go back to this but i also want to remind you that after adjectives we often use infinitives okay but these adjectives are usually adjectives that describe a person's state okay like the way they feel right now like happy sad okay and it could be the way they feel now or the way they felt at another time in the past or will fill in the future so words like i'm happy or i'm anxious or i'm lucky these are adjectives okay so after adjectives we use infinitives and i'm going to just show you an example would be the word happy now nouns take infinitives sometimes they take gerunds after them but those are exceptions and they're idiomatic expressions and you can see them in another video but here i'm just going to remind you that most the time when we're talking about nouns and we want to use a verb form after them that verb form needs to be in the infinitive form so nouns for example such as requirement it is a requirement to pass this class in order to go to the next level it is a necessity that's a noun to learn this information in order to pass the toefl okay all right then we know that with prepositions we always have a gerund after them prepositions are words like in on over about okay so these are just examples of the many many many words of these forms that we can use and then have a gerund or an infinitive after them so now i'm going to talk about how we can use each of these uh sets using a gerund or an infinitive in the passive or in with a past participle or with both okay so here i'm going to break down the structure for you if you want to use a verb followed by a gerund just make sure that it's a verb that can have a gerund as an object because not all verbs can have a gerund so enjoy you can say plus a gerund so let me just explain that she enjoys learning that's it so we have verb plus a gerund and you can say she enjoys it every day she enjoyed learning last year she will enjoy learning tomorrow you can use any time frame but you can take it another level and you can say it like this she enjoys having learned okay now this is what this video is about to teach you how to do this so we have again the verb that is important to have right in any sentence you need a verb and the verb enjoy can be followed by a gerund in this case we do have a gerund but this gerund is also using the word have and that is because we are trying to express the idea of something happening before now so we're using a perfect form right like a present perfect or past perfect or future perfect in this case it's past right so something happened before now and in order to use a perfect form you always need to have the verb have plus a past participle so we have the verb have it just happens to be in the gerund form okay and we also have it being used as the perfect form so perfect as a review is have plus past participle that's what you need for a perfect form so we have have okay and it's in the gerund form so this is two things happening at once it's the gerund and it's the first part of the perfect form of this verb over here in order to have the present perfect the past perfect future perfect whatever perfect form you're using you need have plus the past participle and that's this the past participle of the verb learn okay so i'm going to um oops yes i'm going to point up here okay so this is just having learned is the gerund in the perfect form with have and past participle okay the next level is where we add the passive to it so let's look at this she enjoys having been taught that means she learned something because someone else taught it to her so she received the lesson so in order to express that we can use passive voice passive voice shows that something happened to the subject not that the subject did something okay so she had been taught by someone okay so we want to say that she enjoys that she is happy now about having been taught in the past by somebody else okay so we got the word enjoy we start with our verb the verb enjoy requires a gerund so we have our gerund right here okay and then after a gerund that uses we that is referencing the past we can use the perfect form so that means this gerund it has two parts it has have right plus the past participle right to make it perfect okay so have plus past participle and then over here the verb that is in this past participle is the verb be okay and you need the be verb in order to create the passive voice so as a review the passive is be plus past participle it's always b plus past participle so here we have b it is in the past participle already but that is because it is part of this perfect construction so we have b okay and then we have another past participle to complete the passive voice so now we have she enjoys having been taught having been is all of this been taught is all of that okay now remember you can only use the gerund form after a verb that takes a gerund or a preposition so again we know that prepositions can also take a a gerund so let's look at that okay let's do the same thing with preposition that comes with the gerund after it we can have a preposition plus a gerund that's the basics right but that gerund can also be part of a perfect form and then be followed by the passive voice okay so we're gonna start here and grow okay and as a reminder the perfect is formed with the verb have and the past participle of any verb okay any form of have any form of have plus the past participle of any verb in this case have is actually going to be in the gerund form okay and then the passive voices always form with any form of be plus the past participle okay so we have that okay so let's take a look she is happy about there's our preposition about passing and there's our gerund basic gerund usage it could be she is happy about it now she was happy about it yesterday she will be happy about it forever okay but we can also use the gerund in the perfect form to express that something happened before now okay she is happy about there's our preposition about having past having passed we have gerund form of have okay so here's our gerund it happens to be in using the verb have because in order to make the perfect we need a form of have plus the past participle and here we have the past participle she is happy about having passed in the past she passed her class and now she's happy about having done that she's happy about having passed okay here she is happy about having been passed here we have the preposition okay we have the gerund all right and we have the passive voice okay so let me just explain what this means she is happy about having been passed it's very different from she is happy about having passed she is happy about having passed means she did the work and got a good grade all by herself she is happy about having been passed implies or means that someone helped her pass maybe maybe her teacher passed her and she shouldn't have passed okay so this is the passive voice she just sat there and was passed she didn't pass by herself that's what it means and that's why we're using the passive voice so again preposition plus we have the gerund form after a preposition this happens to be the perfect form half plus past participle and then over here we have the passive voice using b plus past participle again okay now let's talk about infinitives and how to do this with infinitives okay so now i'm just gonna review all of these ones together when to use the infinitive again we use the infinitive after certain verbs adjectives and nouns so there we have infinitive after those types of words we have the infinitive after them and then we can use the perfect and the passive with all of that and as a review remember the perfect form is only formed when you have any form of the word have plus the past participle but this form of the verb have is going to be in the infinitive okay so again have have plus past participle of any verb and then over here to make the passive voice we need any form of the verb be okay but in this case the form of the verb be is going to be in the past participle coming from this perfect form of the verb so we have b plus any other verb in the past participle so what's happening is these two are combining and these two are combining okay so let me show you she expected here's our verb this verb is the type of verb that takes the infinitive so she expected to have there's our infinitive past and there's our perfect form to have is infinitive have past is the perfect form she expected to have passed so in the past she expected to have passed something else before she expected it okay it's very complicated so i just if you if you can't follow that that's okay it is complicated but just go and review past perfect we use the past perfect to talk about something that happened in the past before something else happened in the past and that's what's happening here she is lucky here's our adjective she is lucky to have passed so here again infinitive to have past is the past participle of this perfect form and this perfect form is starting with to have because we need that in infinitive form after an adjective she is lucky to have passed right now she's lucky because in the past before now she passed something okay now here we're saying it was a requirement here's the noun it was a requirement okay to have passed remember after nouns we can use infinitive so here we have the infinitive of the word have okay and then have plus past participle is the perfect form over there so we have it was a requirement to have passed so in the past there was a requirement to have passed a class in order to enter the other one or something so we have something that happened in the past before something else happened in the past okay so that's how you use it in the active voice if you want to throw the passive voice into there you can but you need to make sure that it makes sense in this case we can easily add the passive voice to these two sentences and i can say she expected to have been passed if you add ben in there it's completely grammatical but the meaning changes completely it goes from her doing the work to pass to now someone passing her so she expected to have been passed here we have the infinitive here we have the perfect form and here we have the passive okay infinitive perfect passive okay over here she is lucky to have been passed you can say okay that means that someone passed her she didn't pass by herself remember passive voice means that somebody does something to you or for you so she is lucky to have there's our infinitive have been is our perfect form been past is our passive and they're all mixed together finally down here you can't make this passive voice it was a requirement to have been passed okay it's grammatical but it doesn't really make sense because how can it be a requirement that someone else pass you usually there's requirements to pass something and do it by yourself not for someone else to do it for you so we can change the verb and we can say taut we can say it was a requirement to have been taught oops it was a requirement to have been taught about gerunds and infinitives for example okay so we'll have the infinitive plus the perfect form plus the passive form right there okay now this is very complicated um but it's it's okay if you understand perfect forms passive forms gerunds and infinitives you will start using these forms automatically as long as you're reading and talking to people it'll just start coming out now that you understand how it's formed okay so practice it yourself you will make mistakes you need to make those mistakes in order to catch yourself and go back and reevaluate what you need to do and then the more you practice the more you will be able to do this this is a really advanced expert level and i hope you're able to unlock it very soon all right hope you enjoyed that bye you

Channel: Breaking English

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Keywords: Gerunds and Infinitives in Perfect and Passive Forms, Gerunds in perfect tense, Gerunds in passive form, Infinitives in perfect, Infinitives in passive form, infinitives in perfect form, Gerunds and Infinitives in perfect form, Gerunds Infinitives in passive form, perfect infinitive, passive voice gerunds and infinitives, english grammar, how to use gerunds and infinitives, gerunds and infinitives examples, basic english grammar, english grammar lesson, learn english

Id: z-i5dhbnURg

Length: 23min 22sec (1402 seconds)

Published: Tue Dec 01 2020