AP World History Modern Review Period 2 - w/TIMESTAMPS ALL TOPICS - (Part 1 of 2)

what's up guys it's michael morgan from Lathrop high school in California and Morgan ap teaching comm I've got here into the free AP lecture for you but if you want to join upper 90% of my students and passing the AP test then check out the links below I've got writing guides review guides instruction guides and everything I know to help you do your best on the AP test don't forget to Like and subscribe if you find this video helpful three four is gonna be they really modern era anybody wants to shot what years that is fourteen fifteen this is definitely an era of Europeans and the recipe we got a few things that start this off we'll start first with first with the the rebirth of Europe because don't forget pier e3 post-classical era Europe kind of goes from s dependent but in significance almost on the world stage so one from being like almost number one of the world stage with Rome and then strung to nothing and then pop back up again to be extremely relevant and quite wealthy so what causes them to start what causes this rebirth back when we call this rebirth and what what starts this process of this rebirth thing here and in Europe okay go on one thing cool today what they go on these Crusades right we should talk about courage I think anyway and they bring back a lot of stuff what is this is the stuff to bring back he had classical knowledge including greco-roman logic and skepticism cool so they bring back classical knowledge my class blooming like a period to classical era stuff classical knowledge reprimand logic the cornerstone of Western civilization okay who were some old philosophers and thinkers that that I at least their ideas that can ring back or the people not their ideas what kind of people we talking here yeah philosophers Aristotle Aristotle Socrates Plato what about our knowledge of the human body who is that you guys remember Glenn what about my knowledge of the world maps told me yeah you're like there was a also very famous I'm such Russian Roman philosopher who was big on rhetoric the public life he's in a really influenced Civic humanism of Navy hero yep Cicero so these are I mean on all these but as long as you know a couple these you could talk briefly about where they were they were you did plenty of examples Cicero was like he was kind of a Aristotle of Rome not exactly but he was big on rhetoric public speaking in public life in the involved he was one of the founding members of at least his beliefs influence the Civic humanists in AP year they talk about the ones that focus on human life and government life I'll review all that later we into Europe all right so that's up coming back and one of the ways they came back was the Crusades they're gonna go over here and remind me real quick why there's so much greco-roman knowledge over here in the Middle East North Africa there's a reason exactly in libraries - that's where it's all held so the the Arabs have this because the Hellenistic Empire before like the old period - empire spread Greek knowledge all over the world put in libraries architecture and then the Romans - followed them into the same thing all right cool so the Crusades it brings some that back from the Middle East there there for a couple hundred years they had kicked out eventually lose funding them and the Arabs unite against them all right there's two ways trade brings these way that these things back as well what two types of trade from Period three slowly started filtering this stuff in soap Road yeah but who's running the Silk Road that got the stuff there and there's one more major trading faction going on the Mediterranean that's gonna bring a lot of stuff back what well you're right you tell me someone's doing it but who they're getting it from I'm just kidding the caliphates yeah exactly Arif caliphates and cool you're right though a lot of this is coming in through Italy so that's why I actually they take me see the start to the Italian Renaissance because this stuff gets to Italy first why is it go to Italy first cuz why why does this stuff get to Italy first oh yeah they're the ones in the trading right for Venice in places like that they have the Navy - the sea routes the trading deals all that stuff cool so here's how the info gets there arrives excellent so bro trigger the Byzantine Empire into the east that's what the Mongols contributed to it as well okay cool they've also got some new travel technology that they're going to either invent themselves or get here from the Mongols of the caliphates coming from China or whatever what are their new navigation tools okay that one they made themselves correct or what Maps yep we have the caravel which is a much more a much more maneuverable ship that the the Portuguese utilize what else this compass right that comes in from the astrolabe as well he thinks you guys forgot how Portland Maps work they would chart them by sailing in one direction and until if they hit land essentially and tracking those distances and that made fairly accurate mat placing sails you have to utilizing those they've had those for a bit but you're right yep they discover new wind routes so on set amount super winds will be able here in the Indian Ocean they're going to this discovery other trade winds in the westerlies and the trade winds take them across the equator and dump them out in the pirate center of the world where's that Caribbean Sea yeah and then the westerlies take them back dump them off in northern Europe all right that makes it easier to travel westerlies and trade winds are discovered what are the Europeans now this isn't just in Europe but they're they're intense small state rivalries that they have but in the continued competition finally out of each other they really develop a certain type of weapon a lot faster and more efficiently than anybody else in the world you got it what do you what are you sitting around guns cannons yep specifically cannons on ships that's been particularly important alright why the gun looks so important who's gonna really use those effectively Indian Ocean the Portuguese right we'll talk with that in a second okay so here's some of the inventions some of the new technology innovations and this is how they're gonna get to the around the world why do they have to all of a sudden what trade network are they trying to weight reach what very lucrative trade oh yeah they're trying to reach this what's preventing them for reaching that yeah there's the Turks right the Muslim world why don't the Muslim people like the Christians yeah things like the Crusades and things like that exactly so they're not willing to do that well I can't think of the Silk Road anymore so they can't go this way they can't go this way and they want to trade with the Indian Ocean trade network with India and China and they can't get there so who's the first one to start sailing the coast of Africa mapping and trying to find a way around Africa not mark a pole he doesn't buy land Henry the Navigator you're right what's the what country is he from Portugal Portugal some of you said towards water was hurt more people say Spain enough so did Henry go anywhere himself he funded it right now royal patient school so the Portuguese are the first to start this they start sailing and mapping the west coast of Africa they also meet the West African kingdoms which have something for sale that they're interested in they sell other European players slaves yes so West Africans was the slave trade are we going where the Portuguese got there it was West Africans were already collecting and selling slaves among themselves and trading it with somebody else who are they trading in London yeah Arabs exactly like that slavery have been going on for a while and in the Portuguese of course set up forts and trade posts and they're going to be the ones that really managed slave trade going across the Atlantic Ocean who's the first guy to get around the Horn of Africa here by the way can I just sail along coast make it I can Vasco de Gama right so Henry the Navigator is gonna be a big part of funding these explorations and Vasco de Gama is the first person I'm making around I don't know I don't think so but he might have a night out yeah so Vasco de Gama is gonna be the first one to make it so you can actually just round this corner is the the currents won't allow you to do that you have to know the exact details obviously but you have to like go outward a bit first and somehow catch this Antarctic current that's going around Antarctica which is by the way down here and then you can catch it up through Madagascar so they to do that much different way than they thought so they just go back to Europe and tell everybody right no they're gonna protect these trade secrets for a while who's the one that steals these secrets and the Indian Ocean later the Dutch frightening the British after Portuguese at their first oh dang it's in the end and they by the way are gonna control this whole trade network why are they able to do that tiny little Portugal is able to control this whole tray down at school all these empires trade cities in Mike Point exactly gunboats essential all right so they have cannons that are much better than any of the Ottoman or mobile or Chang'an fires anyone or Ming or anybody's there and so they can't conquer these empires entirely right because I mean the Portuguese don't have the money or people to land and defeat the Ottoman Empire or the Moghul Empire to solve an empire the Ching dynasty any of those so remain here just explain they don't do that they just take over the cities they set up what's called a trade post empires they go to all the port cities they tell them the surrender or they'll blow them to smithereens they need to say yes or they say no and they get shot up by cans and then they surrender so the Portuguese go around they don't conquer the empires but they sure I'll take all the trade cities they can and they're gonna set up a Portuguese trade cities in all these areas so very quickly here the Indian Ocean trade network is going to be under Portuguese control I can make a multi speaking any or some trade network there's two ways that Europeans make money off this the Portuguese set up the first one how do the Portuguese make money off this because by the way when they get to India do the Indians want anything to Portuguese have no they don't Europe has nothing to offer that's valuable so how do they make money off of this yep the Portuguese are gonna set up the cart AWS which is a trade tax so basically since they have nothing to offer they will by force how people pay them in order them to trade news network so we've already got people trading like I said we've got the the moguls Assam in the Ching dynasty and the main switch they're about halfway through but Ottoman Empire these guys are already tricking them of course you've got like Samba as well c'mere etc my and there are they're already trading in these regions but the airbase I mean offer so they forced them to buy these cartas sort of like tokens slash certificates allowing them to trade and they don't the Portuguese take their ship and nobody can really stop them alright so that's a good way to make money what's the other way that Europeans make money off of this since they don't have anything to offer until they discover the Americas they do but they're the ones that do the transporting and they forced it will pay for that so they facilitated trade and they're going to facilitate trade and that means they're the ones actually running the trade facilitate not until like being comeon the system really sets and we have the kilometer exchange are they able to like offer something that people want to trade for so they're just gonna run the trade here or charge people to trade and that's how they make their money their facilitators Portuguese their first and they establish of course trade most empires anybody need a refresher on what trade posts empires aren't we good on that but we talk about like 20 times is here we're good on that alright cool so what other country is also going to engage in this world exploring / settling Spain first right Spain is first woman so Portuguese already are the ones that got their first Spanish like you know what I bet there's another the Americas what do they think is the other route straight across like you know what you just go around the world and pop out here in India / China brilliant idea so Christopher Columbus is one of people degrees with this and he's going to have someone fund him now Christopher Columbus is actually from Italy why are they hiring Italians to the sailing exactly they're even sound the Mediterranean for a couple hundred years already Christ they know they're doing satire Italian sailors in Columbus and who pays for Columbus to go over there Fernan Isabel right right so they pretend Isabella kick out the Muslims from Spain Reconquista is what they call it they take it they make a Christian eyes they chase out the Arabs and the Moors what they call money and they are going to start exploring so the sin Christopher Columbus / he touches the trade winds and he ends up in the Caribbean but he doesn't know that he thinks it's India so he names him Indians and he calls it the the area DA's office called called the West Indies so if you've heard why this is the West Indians is because they thought it was India when it was not alright cool so he gets there discovers it's a Spain he gets the new world first Spanish Isabella fund this they discover [Music] who was the first discovered Americans the bike well aside from the Native Americans have walked over the land bridge but yeah by sea the Vikings did in five hundred years really didn't all right cool they discover the Americas and what sort of Empire does Spain set up they don't go in trade pose what they do right who the conquering yeah are there a couple made of American Empires with a band of political concrete like what Aztecs and Incans right what do we call these Spanish people that conquer these regions now I realized that they did do some fighting with horses and guns that was a massive advantage they had but what was the biggest advantage Europeans haven't they didn't know they had yeah disease they had immunity to diseases that the natives did not so just by showing up and interacting with them they end up killing on 90% of them without even trying right because the Native Americans don't have resistances these diseases that came from domestic animals that didn't exist over there it's an epic or cows or sheep or whatever and those are all things that had for thousands of years traded viruses with us that we got immune to and they did not so smallpox measles etc just wiped out the Native Americans almost all right all right mr. Dores so we had the Aztecs and Incans who conquered the Aztecs do conquer beacons there was some debate by the way on how to split up the world between the two captive nations of Spain and Portugal who did it the Pope who got Brazil in the old world Spain there's another tree where they split it again in the Pacific because when they discovered the entire Pacific Ocean that over the whole new area it's a second one whatever they basically do the line like on the Philippines and so Spain got the Philippine alright okay so talk a little about Spain's settling over here in the Americas what's the system that these Spanish set up in the and the Portuguese to that set up forms and land areas and comee into system right so the reward for these conquistadors was land essentially and this is gonna be the encomienda system right and then come--and era is someone who's in charge of the fight one of the conquistadors who is awarded so encomienda system so what's the commune de exactly and coming into of course is the land reward and this is the this is what it's going to have look these are large portions and why didn't obviously and this is where I'm gonna find the ranches the mines and the plantations and what we call the ranches mines and plantations on these and comme en des that's right so who becomes the richest most powerful nation in the world at this point time vane does right there's a lot of resources over here in the Americas in fact they find so many and bring them back it's gonna make the quite rich we'll talk without a moment what is that exchange of plants and animals that goes from old holds new and minerals old Columbian Exchange right doctor coldness cuz he's such a wonderful guy he didn't like know it was morally racist or murdered a bunch of people or anything like that actually so wasn't much different the rest of people Pony exchange so this is essentially the exchange of goods from new world we knocked over all of them but what are some important goods that came over from the new world yeah corn remains potatoes sweet and regular back up tobacco that's a big one yeah tomatoes yeah that's good enough right what about coming from the old world to new sugar yeah we livestock absolutely that's a big one horses as well what else diseases like smallpox measles is wrong don't forget also coffee and rice so what impact is this having the populations so here we go new world population and old world population what happens in the new world population decimated yeah down older population an increase what is the old low population increase calorie that's not carpets exactly so this provides a lot of calorie dense foods and that's gonna be a big issue so like for example sweet potatoes go to China any stage that country popular their potatoes get to Europe which became very popular there the corn amaze isn't just popular in the diets of humans but it's gonna be used for like animal feed so that's gonna promote more animals living and that provides more meat milk etc so that's just going to be way more food for the old world since they're not dying of these diseases right as syphilis isn't like an epidemic or anything it's just a crappy side effect of sleeping around this employed so old will publish can increase calorie dense foods like potatoes the old world populations gonna actually increase from this started racing this stuff here now those Goods and there's a big topic for the AP test by the way but then almost every ap world exam in some way shape or form as the plumbing exchange so on the favorite things to pull from period for all right so how about what economic effects does this have this whole well we talked this may be the old price of Aleutian commercialization thing I know it's more hero but it's still relevant a world here it's worth going over so how was here gonna come rich off this Colombian exchanges they are especially Spain super rich right so we've got affluence here which means success profit Europe so one of the biggest ones is lots of gold and silver especially for Spain they find like that and what's the name of the mountain Peru I forgot whatever it's it's in Peru as this big basically silver nothing it's just packed full of silver so the Spanish gets silver in Peru and later Mexico Nevada they do exactly we got plenty of raw materials they're gonna keep herself and if you keep those in Europe or sell them to others supposed to be good old as well Peru Mexico Nevada or what is now in the battle Mexico Bob still wasn't Nevada Mexico backpack or Peru okay alright so there's another type of so these are all like things I naturally just mine what about the stuff they grow what's gonna be extremely oh we forgot a big one by the way for uh for the Columbian Exchange a big new world good that's me very popular in the old world its addicting she's got nicotine in it so tobacco's be big but what do you call things that aren't necessarily necessary that's a missing that aren't necessary for your survival okay that's true bro yeah so these are extremely rare and hard to come by it's it's hard to grow them and then transport them back so they're gonna be very pricey to sell to either other Europeans or to people in Asia or Africa so somebody big cash crops are gonna be what tobacco okay chocolate you have to count coffee yeah one more it's big in the not cotton yet ponds me huge in a period five but yes sugar some sugar thank you hey I can't hear you all the same time right so those are those are your big four especially in this era tobacco's make huge coffee sugar and cotton pick up in the modern era but they're still relevant here to it these are actually extremely valuable so all this stuff is expensive because again it's hard to either monitor grow it and then getting it across the ocean without having pirates or ships being stung or whatever make it very expensive when it does make it there so this is going to really really really enrich European states so enriched European states in fact there's five European states that can enrich the most we call these the Atlantic states what are they Netherlands in Spain Portugal France England right now if you case you forgot the Dutch English and French are a little late to the game but they're definitely get out there in time to to benefit from this system especially that's you steal a lot of stuff from Spain like the English and Dutch steel there the Portuguese seekers on how to get the Indian Ocean and they steal their trick post Empire and they also steal tobacco and sugar from the Spanish and all the stuff so guys that's interesting - States of course in Spain in Portugal first followed by the English Dutch and French okay whatever he is really left over so we got obviously got Spain down here so Spain pretty much gobbles up all of Central America South America except for Brazil and a good chunk of northern america appears this is all new spain portugal is out brazil so what's left for the dutch french and english to take we can't Punk rage again okay North America exactly so we get the British up here in Canada and along the north coast as long as well as the Dutch and the French kind of grab all the rest of Canada I'd might the central what is now United States and then enough's both the Caribbean and they also take some slivers here in South America let's take it all those areas that still make quite a bit of money and again like I mentioned before the British and Dutch are going to take over the Indian Ocean from the Portuguese that's more so in the sixteen hundreds that like the 17th century okay so that's what the world's looking like by these 1600s so what other stuff goes back to Europe they have a lot more money right so they're selling stuff to other empires making money off of that they're bringing back gold and silver and basically money supply in Europe is gonna raise substantially so what we have here is any supply it's like literally the amount of money is in the country is it increased drastically in the 16th and 17th century what happens to businesses when we have a rise in money supply what happens to prices they go up so this massive rise in money and raising prices needs at least two centuries here what we call it in Europe yep price revolution exactly francs surprise revolution everyone grab your pinata and again this is where Europe starts becoming far richer than anybody else these five Atlantic states very quickly become richer than almost any other massive Empire land Empire and the rest of the world but like what we call these BC based empires what's the name for that maritime Empire right no no Sara Lee it's just like their their empires are not connected by land like its across oceans and seas so like for example the Ming Dynasty that's a land Empire because they're just in one spot on land they put the Mogul say pass off of it the same with the Ottoman Empire they're all connected essentially by one chunk of land Europe though these tiny little European states and these massive empires across the ocean those are maritime the only navies okay so all this exploration and stuff super risky and super expensive so how the hell these Europeans like I see that they're getting more money that makes sense like how they pay for this stuff yep number one is gonna be so funding exploration we're gonna have oil patients which mean what yeah royalty Kings princes Dukes etc Nobles paying for exploration monarchs princes cetera so they got money yeah and now we're gonna wait for private citizens to actually start investing as well and paying for this as well what do they put it what's tragedy cope with doing stock investing exactly how does that work let's say 10% and then so one thing go somewhere they come back like let's say they double their money that's okay you said these are the concepts so so this is the total cost for exploring very expensive there's not really many individual people that aren't royalty that can pay for the second mortgages so if I can't afford a whole ship or I'm gonna spread my money out of on multiple ships I can use joint stock so what I do is I defined about 10% of this exploration and that boat comes back I get to time up what share of the profits ten percent right so they if I invest $1,000 that's way under value I would give you somewhere and it comes back with goal in tobacco or whatever comes back with and it's like worth a million how much money would this person get hundred thousand ten percent of a million exactly so the payoff you right so it's very smart to not just dump all of your money to one ship because the odds of it coming back more relatively low I've got shipwreck I've got natives I've got disease I've got pirates I've got other state rivalries and privateers taking my stuff it's not likely it's gonna come back so the profits on that's what the stuff is so expensive it's hard to get in this value once we're all right that's joint stock so investing percent hey Viper singles alright so again I can either invest in my one if I can afford or I can invest in multiple ship so that way how can we come back it's fine I made money off the other half okay by the way because of this private investment scheme and all these in Kumi endows and the rise in prices and the changing economy i have a whole new group of people that are no longer or that are very rich but are not nobles or or or royals the gentry right that'll be the middle class later has a Gentry class appearing so these guys are not they're not noble they're regular people they're not of noble birth they weren't Knight and written like that so these are like people that are giving out loans for for exploration for like banks bankers we've got merchants who are doing trading and we've got that could mean land over here over there right and landowners so these are the groups of the games rather wealthy in fact some of them are very quickly becoming more wealthy than the than the nobles is that gonna be a peaceful story no that's gonna be a series of struggles and conflicts in the Netherlands and in England and France later that we'll see here in Euro and later on here in the in the world that's a future conflict so conflict with Nobles or political and economic power where are these uh where's this Gentry cloths the most powerful what two European states England and the Netherlands right in fact these two countries are going to start making sure the government can't take your stuff unless you get a trial and they start protecting natural rights and things like that these Enlightenment ideals essentially start there the idea of protecting property your life from your Liberty right so John Locke starts that we've talked about before so the protection of life liberty and property it's important to them right they don't want the government taking those things from you unless they have a good reason to so why do they start in England and the Netherlands first by our governments changing their their government adding constitutions adding natural rights adding property protection why is it happening the first in England and emmalin's not France or any other places how do they have regular people the government yeah the House of Commons in Parliament exactly so they have have regular people and again that's going to be House of Commons and Parliament's there were two guys in England anyway Parliament makes laws along with the king especially after the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution which we'll talk about for AP euro but since there are the government they get to pass some laws that protect their stuff did the kings and Nobles used to be able to take things from the regular people I don't want yeah they could why there was a reason exactly private property didn't exist you didn't own the land who owned land Your Honor the Lord's Nelms right that was common land you were just allowed to share it so they could take whatever they wanted so these countries start protecting private property by creating private property like no longer is that are you borrowing it from the king or the nobles you actually own this land so it's the only way after some changes again in 1600s what's the only way in England or the Netherlands the government can take your your stuff exactly you found guilty got a trial Nick and they can remove it from you then nothing no reason to take your life liberty or property other than those things and again just in case you forgot in England the Parliament is made with two parts the House of Lords which of course is made of nobles and the House of Commons which is made of what gentry right why can't why aren't poor people in the House of Commons its Parliament paid back then no there's no salary so if I'm poor am I gonna be able to like leave my family and job and go and go to London and vote on things for a few months and come back no so only original can be a part of it so they'll change that later obviously but for right now we have regular people but they're only the rich regular people so they're gonna make laws clearly gonna protect themselves or other people themselves right so that's why we get property laws and natural rights in England first and again natural rights mean life liberty property give that book property but whether okay cool what gives me let me later the likes of the nice preview for us because it honestly the roots of capitalism and enlightenment ideals do start in the six to fifteen and 1600s in England and in the Netherlands alright so I think that's so we're we know who the gentry are and why these natural rights and property rights start there right next up all this enrichment is wonderful and so wonderful in Britain and later in the other Atlantic states they're gonna devise and follow a certain economic scheme what is this known as and what do they mean by fixed well right they believe in the world there's only a certain amount of goods or certain gold and silver and only start amount of money so what they've extracted it from the Americas and everywhere how do you get more what's the goal here you're right to you take it from your rivals or you sell more exports than you take an imports exactly so the idea here is to to get most yeah get the most possible money or goods and by that I shouldn't say Goods actually because they mean gold silver gold and silver in your states and again we have two strategies here there's have more exports then imports and again that means you are selling more things to other countries and you are buying them because they think that if you're selling a bunch of lumber to France and they're paying for it but you're buying nothing in return who's getting more money they are right right the money's coming to them and start leaving so how do I make sure that my people only buy my stuff tariffs right so I'm not gonna buy two French brain if in Britain it's three times more expensive right if I put a tariff tax on it and make French being more expensive or the British gonna buy that grain for France no think about British trying to keep the money in my own country so I use tariffs to promotes purchases what do I mean by domestic purchases by yeah buying stuff in my own country so again if I want grain and I'm British the British government wants me to buy grain from Britain not from France so what they're gonna do is if British grain is $10 a barrel and in France it's five they're gonna put like a $10 tax on French print so now French grade is 10 bucks or 15 bucks and I'm not gonna buy it I still the money stays in Britain that's the whole point and I do that by having more exports and imports more stuff being sold to other countries that means bought from other countries so that way all the gold and silver is mine stays in Africa and he also mentioned the other way to was to take money gold and silver from rivals what are we five rival countries we've been in the Atlantic states Dutch British French Portuguese - Spanish right all right and how do they take money from their rivals privateers right so they hire privateers slash pirates to take slash disrupt trade of rivals what's a hot spot for privateering and pirates the Caribbean right because a lot of ships just end up being dumped off there because the trade winds same with the horn of America South America and later on in Malacca - that the Straits of Malacca movie be private big privateer / tired narrator what else are they trying to take from each other yep territory what kind of territory colonies exactly so take colonies from rivals and what are they gonna set up on there you know trade ports and colonies to try to prevent that yeah exactly for its a naval bases to protect my vision stealing their colonies and wrinkles so they're trying to disrupt and take from the trade of rivals and protect their own and as well as the colonies so they're disrupting and taking colonies and trade and they're protecting their own maybe with me on mercantilism how it works all right cool and what's gonna replace this later on in fact it's already replacing it right with this whole with this whole price revolution and commercialization of the pool which we'll talk about maybe Europe in case you forgot the rise in prices is gonna cause people to make things like agricultural goods and manufactured goods and sell those for greater amounts which is commercialization which is really just capitalism we'll talk about that later cool also part of mercantilism so this is mostly the state being involved what else is involved that controls prices and labor production and things like that Gill's yes it's a charter company second guilds continued to control domestic business and just like in period 3 they're going to control wages quality goods hiring so if I'm gonna be a baker I can't you become a baker I've gotta get permission from the Baker's guild and they'll give me a whole string of techniques on what to do what to sell it for and they'll check the quality of my goods as well all right now the last part for this old trade portion here how do so the porcini the Spanish don't do this and the French don't really eat it but the Dutchman bridge definitely do this they settle colonies with companies so like basically companies go to the government and they get permission to start a colony and they act like the government in that area for a certain time one of those calls so they receive a charter from the monarchy to start a colony okay why would they want to do this that sounds troublesome okay yes who gets all the training rights and resources that area the company right well in exchange for funding this exploration and acting as a temporary government over there they're gonna get the trading rights in that region someday gain trading rights in that region and interesting quality of charter companies is aim women the Netherlands are almost always buddies because they're very similar Protestants they are forward thinking you know businessman and Gentry so they're usually a peaceful nation but do I have British and Dutch finding each other across the world I do who's doing the fighting the navies no the charter companies right because these charter companies are so wealthy and protected to have their own mercenary armies and they have their own navies so the whole point for them is when they get to an area like who gets Indonesia the Dutch the Dutch East Indies right so they want to control this area just for them they get all the training rights there so what happens if our French or British or Spanish ship exactly I can have the Dutch East India or the Dutch East Indies Navy coming after me taking my stuff what not over here and you need a good setup in India the British the British East India Company you've got the Dutch East Indies company you know it's not like the London company in the Virginia Company places like that to it these are the two biggest these longest-lasting they actually control entire nations like all of Indonesia controlled by the Dutch all of India control by the British East India Company so pretty of the jig all right what what permissions there's a specific list of permissions these companies had they gain from the government what are they able to do that is government white yep Mabel's you know for the duration of charter anyway they enforce mother country laws what else did they do okay they do that's that's a perk not like a requirement yes they can take in distribute land that's definitely the job of the government the contempor the company temporarily is to do I told you guys before the United States started a company with Virginia yep negotiate with native leaders that's definitely what governments do with local leaders and alas on the side they protect themselves and their people and their trade you know yep they're gonna hire their own armies and navies and those are definitely the powers and roles of a government but that's grant it to a company for a certain amount of time yeah they're the ones that enforce the mother lands laws so then I'm like necessarily making their own laws although they can like the governor's can and whatnot but they're pretty much divorcing the motherland all right any questions on charter companies and mercantilism all right you different attitude or jump far both Oh running ain't jumping okay wait these will be here soon all right so we've done pretty much all the European stuff just make it straight missing are we going to talk about centralization and the Reformation but I know it's at least interesting both well these are all world topics a little these are slightly more URL but okay correct so we can go over the basics of these we didn't talk about for like a week I heard like yeah alright so um these are all economic things and territorial expansion colonizing excetera so two more topics about Europe is how they started centralizing governments I would like to fill the second looey the 14 and also the Reformation so let's do the Reformation because that's at least 15 17 so what is the dominant religion in western and northern Europe before the 1500s Catholicism right dominate okay and something that's going fine for our thousand years or so what wouldn't say fine some stuffs happening so people are complaining in fact two guys complain what almost dies one does die for complaining their names are Wickliffe here john Wickliffe and when he doesn't die he lives but this criticize the church and one guy does criticize him in bohemian or modern a checklist alarm on a check like young moose he actually does die so they criticize the church but the guy that criticizes them the loudest and spreads the word the most and doesn't die for it we Marley right so he's a German monk and he reads the Bible and he's like some of the stuff faith in the Bible and his little perplexed by it so I don't think something's Wickliffe and who's and Luther and others are complaining about the Catholic Church is doing okay the Pope itself right okay the position of Pope's question Pope you're right and it is the church is making up its own rules right and again it I'm not saying oh I'm gonna have a kne myself obviously if you're Catholic people move that is okay but if you're supportive Luther you don't think that the Pope and the church have the right to change religious doctrine that you think it's all been set from like basically the Bible or like st. Augustine those other classical Christian texts jury'll Uncle Jimmy all right this isn't a question of hope I heard the question the authority of the church and by that I mean he doesn't think the church can make up new rules and if I the church I mean Pope and the Cardinals I'm like not questions authority church with a capital C it means what Catholic Church right okay what are some specific corrupt things that are doing there's three of them then they're criticizing yeah you're favoring family or friends but family specifically so Church spots to family and they're doing this and again the example is I mean if I say if a cardinal dies and I got to choose a replacement the Cardinals very powerful position especially back then it should normally go to somebody who's been a developer or a bishop things like that and a showcase you know good faith and whatnot but they were just handed to their nephew or whatever rights that nepotism that's one thing what else was selling Church spots yeah and neither one's indulgences so nepotism is you give it to your family or friends family simony is where you sell it like Oh cardinal positions up who wants it and then you pay for it which is obviously not something that's that's not a lot of integrity and then lastly this isn't one of those yeah buying buying time out of purgatory essentially so getting to heaven quicker so selling heaven especially not you oh yeah that's an indulgence that sorry and there's probably these things with what yeah not only immoral but none of them were in the Bible in the church was essentially making these up especially this or anything like that because he thought who do you think should be the authority for the perverted Christians the Bible right Bible in the early texts like st. Augustine stuff like that so Luther Phelps Luther felt Bible slash personal relationship with God importance what he thought was not important or the Church's authority and the traditions that go along with it like you know all of the things with baptism or masses and songs and rituals and things like that relics like going to see st. Peters whatever and losing a bunch of ears on purgatory stuff like that oh yeah because I kind of just run important you say not Church authority so he believes that the Bible's the authority and that no that's rich can't just he thought they were making stuff up so alright and why doesn't blue third dog by the way how does he get the word out printing press absolutely so you bright some ninety-five feces but normally that wasn't just getting killed so what these ninety-five theses which again are just ninety five problems he has with the church that's going to be spread very quickly by the printing press and what impact does this have on here up this whole Reformation exactly exactly so I'm gonna have the Protestant Reformation I should I should put that in title here Protestant they're protesting essentially the church so the Protestant Reformation is gonna split Europe now because were they unified before hundred Catholicism at least in the West they weren't on the east aviation Orthodox but the West or at least united by that now that I'm it's split roughly in half right and we talked about this in Euro a lot of princes and Nobles are willing to go on with this not because they care about the religious stuff is much but now what don't they have to pay taxes in the church and they could take the church Lance to which is extremely lucrative for them right for the printing press and of course Pete we split Europe European unity right and did we get some religious pours out of this sucker we do we get the yeah thirty years well that's a little later we'll talk about that specifically because that's that's not just religious that's also political but you're right this start based on religious ideas in the French foreign religion the Dutch revolt against Spain you have the Charles the fifth Wars and if this from our colleague Lee you're gonna have a lot of religious conflicts for the rest of this Charles v versus the small called oblique crunch warded religion Dutch Revolt thirty years war that's just some of them really just commonplace between Catholics and Protestants to 1648 last big one started by a religion anyway all right let's see impact that is going ahead any question of the Reformation are that's a much bigger euro topic obviously but that's the general outline here it broke European unity because some Catholics had problems with the Catholic Church and broke away and spread their ideas because of the alright realization in Europe yeah what's it mean centralized Imperial City okay so senator one major city so this is the concept is all of these at least the highest lawmaking power is gonna be where many locate the edges with that one central location exactly all right he's got a couple of dudes that centralized filled the seconds the first season completely centralized but he starts the centralizing process over here in any row so he's going to have the second tier of Spain as well as the money guys know for sure the blooming of 14 brands so what used to up what used to I guess dictate what people did was of feel to you guys know what that is yeah push is a loyalty rights to be the person above you tell us what to do and has your stuff but what are they supposed to do for you yeah but I can below exactly okay cool so we have that so beauty is now me on the White House as these monarchs are gonna take complete control so it's no longer you're agreeing to help them out like a like an exchange like they're just in control all right yeah and they have a reason for this that's the reason they have what justifies them being in complete control he's absolutely yeah I'm the Divine Right of Kings that God chose them and to go against them is to go against that justified their position again their most of these guys are either a Catholic or well they're they're all Christian so they they believe that again God put them there so if you disobey them you're just saying the person calm but they're just thank God so not only be in trouble you know in your temporal life like on earth well you get in trouble for the king obviously but you keep it finished in the next life like you may lose time in heaven or purgatory go to hell it whatever that's the Divine Right of Kings trying to break things there's a void a bright Kings but yeah so some things that they're gonna do to centralize especially GUI here what's he gonna do with all the nobles that used to swirls and feel to Nobles he's going to use them in yeah central government's the bureaucracy military so the commanders and the generals the military headed by knows the people that are doing the tax collecting and things like that that's a me know what's right okay so they're doing that they're also going to control indigenous you so both these guys in fact they're gonna control religion what's the official religion in these areas Catholicism made official religion there States okay in Louie in particular here he's going to try to demonstrate and show the power of himself and France by building his large Agri told architectural constructions what's an example something he's gonna build it kind of makes France also demonstrates power with architecture an example here is the Perseid of their state for a consistent like whatever country they had that they big control division there I'm able I can euro we have like enlightened absolutists they still control religion though because they determined what it was right so in the case of like Frederick the Great of Prussia did he live with this Trinity yeah but he was the one who made that call so he's still the one controlling that spoil religion all right so that's that centralization in Europe so no so he's basically no euro makes is kind of easy because we've got a more in-depth in the euro on these topics but just know the basics they centralized they use these nobles in the government and they sell part of it they demonstrate their power with these large you know architectural projects and they controlled religion and in most cases it's going to be Catholicism that they're gonna make the official religion alright cool if you looking for a couple things couple like small things one thing I forgot to mention is when the Spanish on this is going back a little what is with the Spanish set up these empires here in the Americas they came across the Incans they found an already very effective form of economics worth where they controlled the economy the media systems they're gonna use the media system and they use the media system on the natives to control them and have them run their colonies and there haciendas on in coming in as they had and these American innovators start dying off but so they need a new source of cheap / free labor where they gonna find that West Africa rights the Portuguese who are buying these West African slaves are going to take them across the Atlantic which is called blood the Middle Passage right and that is a particularly brutal passage where there's not a whole lot of air or food or comfort and people are just going to die and they're squished there tight and fine it's a pretty brutal passage so get over there their soul they function as the labor there and what is it called by the way one by buying slaves and then I'm using these raw materials to go back to Europe but I'm either selling or using those and I'm using the cash to purchase more yeah I'm trying to try your trade right that's the way that that goes that's trying to give our trade yeah or tea plant and trade system or binding slave trade this little passage slash slave trade okay and then there's one other thing I forgot about my brain just starting to go at this point the day oh the Spanish the Spanish screw something up when they get too much silver so they do they might a whole bunch of silver from Peru but they screw up in this mining of silver they might too much and they flood you know European in the world markets DeSoto what does that cause yeah exactly so that works we're talking to go up anyway right so I'm gonna have Spanish silver inflation so there's be three reasons why Spain goes right to the top and then starts to decline fairly quickly one of the reasons is that might cause inflation it was Spanish silver in fact this affects shina how does this affect China they do you know I'm gonna say I'm gonna say that topic when we talk about the Ming and Qing dynasties I'll say that for that for the next one we do we're expanding so much on our topics as a Spanish silver it's gonna cause inflation that's gonna harm the Spanish as well there's our camera lady we're also gonna have we're also going to have something else is gonna make the government everybody really quickly here in Spain okay too many religious wars absolutely these are all weakening Spain by the way who's gonna take over is kind of the number one power in Europe after Spain France those right and arguably Britain across the world but in France and in Europe certainly friends all right so that's the second one and there's a third one a little more complicated yeah they have a fixed tax rate at least initially so they're not going to adjust their taxes for inflation so the government is gonna get less and less money as time goes on and when they decide to change it well they're like you nobody changes taxing policy how did the nobles handle that news not well they revolt in fact what was the what was the revolt we had in Spain that was against the failings of the Catalan revolt yep so too many religious wars and then the fixed rate taxes and of course for both of these one second for both of these for France and Spain we have Nobles that resist this so we just mentioned the war over the changing tax policy and all this absolutist monarchy in Spain where the Catalan revolts which were Nobles revolting and that one succeeds by the way so the so Spain is gonna be weakened substantially by that there's also an uprising the nobles in France get a throne right that is going to fail them so we got that squared away and we'll talk about the impact that the Spanish silver had on the main dynasty we talked about China later yeah they didn't just the taxes for inflation so as Spanish silver caused more and more inflation the taxes they were collecting weren't worth as much so when they went to change the pulse at years later after they were losing money the nobles got upset about that about the lack of Spanish power and about the fact that they were changing the tax ball so nobody want wants to pay more taxes like all right here's more of my money in the thought of it well when they did it was it was too late and of seven friends one of the things that upset them and Catalonian is the richest and most at the time anyway the richest and most influential powerful parts of Spain which way they were successful far the reason why all right pulse races Reformation keep on truckin all right so we got Nobles and centralization out of the way we got Spanish silver and the weaknesses of Spain here there's one major conflict that really is going to put up put the nail in the coffin on Spain be number one anyway so it's a giant 30 year conflict where the the Catholics start out fighting as the Protestants but in and France joins in on the side of the Protestants to to defeat Spain so we had some state rivalries here the biggest one here is the 30 years of war and again this starts religious but is it end religious you know and we starts as Catholics versus Protestants in the area of what is now Germany so you have a big back and forth the Catholics wouldn't sweden joined the sudden Thomasin's evens it out and then france joins in on the side of the protestants despite being catholic and what was their motivation for helping all the protestants what was France's main objective what are they trying to weaken Spain France helps Protestants to weaken Spain and it works they had Spanish territory the Holy Roman Empire in Spain there's a bunch of power yeah and that's that's what happens there what's it called by the way this big peace treaty at the end where they allow religious freedom the holder of an empire and they changed the way they negotiate Wars with ambassadors and they no longer have religious wars in Europe there's a there's a big it's like the end of period one here in an euro it's a big settlement yeah piece of us Paul what Catholic verses prized cashews a stick gravely we also have Europeans combating against the Muslim empires so rivalries with this long two major battles with the Muslim forces here then we talk about one by C 1 by land bolt ones twice the same spot yep C's in Vienna we have the Ottoman Empire versus Catholic forces Vienna in 1500 in 1683 15 29:29 16 3 so here twice the the Ottoman apartments broke into Europe and in case you didn't know the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains blocked in from entering Central Europe the only way to get through is through the what's the river the Danube River in Vienna so they're trying to puncture through and get into Europe and the Austrians and Spanish and the Russell event a variable is Stalin there at the beginning Catholic forces at Vienna siege of Vienna and who wins this battle both times the Catholics affect the Polish bailing out on one I can't which one it was what the Polish cavalry shows up and starts mowing down the Ottoman wearing that to bailout the Opera is just expanding into Europe so they're trying to expand their empire into Europe further and this is where the Europeans or at least the Catholics stopped them twice in Vienna and the Ottoman Empire was a big threat to Europe until about the 1700s when the Europeans got too powerful and I see yeah so this is a Battle of Lepanto and this is Catholic forces vs. Empire again by scene 15 it was in what is now modern-day Greece but it was for controlling Mediterranean Sea and the Catholics won this one as well Oh Mediterranean Sea so there were two moments when Europe was definitely threatened by Muslim empires well the same one Ottoman Empire both faces all right and we also have rivalries over trade routes we all know about Union ocean and Caribbean piracy and privateering in the stealing of trade routes slash piracy in Caribbean by Europeans but the Portuguese also defeat the Arabs in um and what is now like the Persian Gulf Red Sea area and that's the Battle of this is the basically for Portuguese control of the Indian Ocean or most of it anyway so Portuguese versus Muslim forces and this is for control Indian Ocean trade never there's like 300 piracy in the Caribbean by Europeans battle view yeah di you make sure it's about right but yeah I forgot to write it on here oh there's di you are correct June 15 oh nine actually yep there wasn't like a specific Empire was a mix of different Muslim em of kingdoms Portuguese 100 gunboats don't do that okay so those are all the rivalries we've got state rivalry Scrabble is with Islam rivalries over trade okay let's talk about some Muslim empires in Japan all right major one here Ottoman Empire this is a fairly long wax a Empire this is run mostly by Sunni Turks Sunni Islam is what I mean by that look like what Sunni and Shiah here when we talk with soft Turks these guys are famous for ending the Byzantine Empire now again they're over here filming right here they get North Africa the Middle East and part of Central Asia well Anatolia and they get all the way into Europe as well they get the Balkans region of Europe and part of Eastern Europe too so they're roughly running the 1300s ish see well therefore 253 reason they defeated but it doesn't mean Empire 1300 ish to about 1922 this is a long-running Empire 1453 they turn Constantinople in Istanbul and the capital and they're gonna be a serious challenge to your for several hundred years around the 1700s is when the Europeans are getting so far ahead there's not really much of a much of a conflict or rivalry okay so they get a lot of territory like I mentioned up there they've got North Africa the Middle East part of Central Asia they're into Europe they're there all over the place and they control this central region and is there a lot of trade go through here yo all right one of their most influential and powerful rulers was a guy named is Suliban the magnificent who have a gigantic hat that people are it was the onion hat by 1555 he did expanded the Ottoman Empire massively massive expansion because of the two ways they encouraged people to purchase long without doing by force is yeah the tax on the most and the deme status correct that second-class status where you don't have access to certain political positions or economic possibility endles priced it because yet and the dimmi status that's there they add a new one though because the sultan is ruled by a sultan by the way these are not caliphs they have a political control but not religious control oh they do enforce this lana clock is that's normal they are going to have a new policy because they want to protect the sultan they're afraid of other turkish elites and christian elites in the balkans right in areas like Serbia and Romania and walk though won't belong in places like that they're afraid these elites will rise up and stop them so they want they want a military force that's loyal just to the Sultan that will act out against these turns Cristiano leads that they have to know what one of these one of these elite military units called Janissaries right they have Janissaries could we just throw stuff in the garbage we're gonna we're just putting the garbage now right all right cool all right so Janissaries through the wall to the Sultan and now what do we call that that oh let's call it blood tags Demi write the blood tax and that is what exactly eight year old Christian elites sons they castrate them and they convert them is long they convert them to Islam and they are going to essentially make the boil just the Sultan and they're gonna get that elite military training as well so those for me it's called the blood tax and this is of course the taking of Christian elite children castrating conferring is long and they make the Janissaries does the Ottoman Empire have gunpowder weapons they do weapons but they don't just fight against the Europeans there's another Muslim empire that's the other type of Islam that they fight against for a couple hundred years they're both weak in each other substantially do you guys number which Empire they fight against for it's a Persian Empire yeah so we have these famed Ottoman Safavid conflicts in the Middle East these are like a tuner here off and on some struggles versus Solomon and you get the Safavids of Persian and they're both in there she is long over there between Sunni and she is Sunni believes that Muhammad's brother-in-law was the one that should've taken over he died and Shia Islam believes that the caliphs were rightly the ones that should take over and then that started that division and they start the division of Islam a violent one that still existed today because if you're talking about Christians and Muslims killing each other that doesn't even come close to the amount of Christians that have killed Christians and Muslims that have killed Muslims Sunni believe that the split will happen right away when Mohammed died some people said his brother-in-law should take over and some said the Caliph should take over so Sunni believe that the cat starting at backwards Sunni believed that the brother-in-law should take over so they believe all of the stuff he said and the people behind him that changed Islam and the Shia believe that these caliphs were supposed to take over and so they followed what they believed in all the beliefs that came after that and this is a violent struggle produces de Sydney and she had killed more of each other than anyone else is killed Muslims and they're both this long correct we'll take Protestants and Catholics okay we're all Christian but we just kill each other anyway it's good the differences they have is enough back then at least one to kill each other yeah they are you'll find most Shia and this isn't a hundred percent but you'll find most Shia in the area what is now modern-day Iran and Persia it goes into Central Asia a little bit as well as in dimande Iraq so roughly this region dish is she in and into Pakistan a little bit pretty much all of the rest is Sunita so she is definitely a minority but there's still millions of them there's Sunni there sorry this is long and person is now modern-day along just say no and we're about to talk about them right now that's the Ottoman Empire it is for this era era we'll talk about them a little bit more in the next era but pretty much in the modern era they lose much their territory they don't industrialize and they try to keep the balkan region by having the tans about reforms but it doesn't work out that's the next Derrick Rose all right something a virus one's quicker this runs now these guys are going to be Shia Islam in fact this is the first she estate these this is essentially modern-day persia so what's the once the khanates left like the ill connie that rule over persia like the turkish and mongol people that were ruling over there as as cons when they were chased out the persians like re-established the old persian empire essentially except now their islamic so they removed the Khanate started persian empire in this time is south of it and they're going to be what has now essentially the identity of modern-day wrong form identity modern day so modern day Iran definitely identifies as persian and shiite islam for the most part and they're ruled by not a sultan not a caliph but a new type of Shia leader and that's called a Shah and they're like a Callen they have religious and political authority so if you were here like to shop around Iran or something like that that's coming from the old stock of it she a Muslim perspective they removed Turkish and Mongol coins because that used to be deal which they kicked out and after that some Turkish people invaded them Timur is I think is his name either way they chased out the Turks and the Mongols and they took over as as Persia again alright and of course they are also going to be involved in these their weakened by the conflict with the Ottoman Empire they are also a good amount of empire and they are also course locked up in the same conflict as their half of it about tunity our struggle is with the Ottoman Empire assuming Ottoman Empire that's going to weaken both the Ottoman and ass off of it empires just you know six to 1736 know their their own thing now the shop there's their Shia Muslim this this is the first break away from from caliphs or Sultan's they're ruled by Shah who has a religious and political authority you like the person yeah is even to point at this point this is like Persia and so you had original Persia taken over by the Greeks and they came back as 2.0 with the assassin an empire and I disappeared to the Turks and Arabs and then pop back up this like 3.0 three or four point oh there might have another one too but this is at least 3.0 so say like there's a Sunni state that's a good question I don't know I veterans I bet you it depends on the on the Empire they might I'm not quite sure his question is do uh it's like your new Ottoman Empire but your Shia Muslim do you get the Dini status or not I would assume not but I'm not a ten percent sure I can't I can't quite say correct this is not a researcher that's a good question question so I'll believe you because you are Muslim so so the Sunni believe in the caliphs you're right and the Shia are the ones that believed in the brother-in-law cetera yeah no I should know that anyway because they follow the four caliphs and spread the caliphates so that'll be condemned up mnemonic for not forgetting Thanks it's hard because no one's ever heard before yeah the four caliphs okay so the four cows was and I should have known this I know because the Arabs kept conquering with the caliphs and they were there Sunni so they are the ones that believe you should follow caliphs the Shia believe that you should follow Muhammad's brother-in-law try like it was a close member because you know they do like clans or whatever it was kind of a leader with like if you would say heat Muhammed as a chief then reviewers like Carla he was at the last post game she's part of the same charms go home in his house work okay all right so suni follow the calyx and I should've known that again to the Erica said that that's a good because he goes mother I know why I wrote stepbrother brother-in-law sister's husband all right actually macro say so louis louis xiv demonstrated his power and authority by building the Versailles Palace the Ottoman Empire had a similar way of showing their power prestige it was handing out those Sultan she is got the show mama helps us SH she's a job that's look at the mom down never screw up the city and xie xie the shop build SH yes Unni is a sultan ya see Su Su sh sh bingo just because the Arabs fall into palace - Larry - no that one I don't want I don't know where a minute didn't make that connection whatever I'm just a teacher by now all right College you actually learn only as turn around from college all it really teaches you how to learn stuff on your own that's one of the best things does alright vocal in fire so these are gonna be is a museum there are some own mobile sounds like Mambo cuz it's the Persian word for mobile so these are Mongol Turkic but also little Persian invaders into India moguls which is the Persian word for Mongols yep originally originally well not Afghan Central Asia like Central Asian steppes sorry Afghan doesn't have Afghanistan doesn't have like a super cool empire yep correct there months like almost all of you in fact I can pretty much say all of us are Mike's mom go I want Turkey Persian invaders India all right so they invade goods in 26 and they're gonna go all the way they don't they're not the same size the little time by the time that they've run out of then they're chased down by the British they're gonna be very small but they do technically last eighteen fifties so there'd be pretty successful though because the people that they took over the Delhi Sultanate were they were like well they were they well liked by the Union people yeah there are common clasts in case you forgot that was the bank they went out and destroyed he knew temples and forced people by force obviously to uh adhere to Islam and so they were they were not well-liked at all by the people that they took over an India so the mobile empires gonna be a lot more successful so under here particularly one of the rulers and Akbar Akbar the grades lot of grades he's gonna unify most India by force or cooperation so some kingdoms will just join him because that neligan though it steamrolled otherwise some do resist though and he's gonna be he and the mobile empire are gonna be do a good job of keeping Hindi we just put Hindu to make it simpler for you Hindu and Sikh kingdoms so they're not gonna be as resistant with the mobile umpire do you guys remember why they're not gonna be as resistant with a mobile empire my specifics nicer though they do they let these guys keep their power if they do something so they kind of make them like governors and bureaucrats they call them salmon DARS these local rulers get to keep their power as long as they yeah they collect and pay the tax power yeah collect taxes and of course these are called salmon arms it's fine my brain is mush at this point the day it's been literally 12 hours for me it's just non-stop yep they're the local rulers they give us the title they give kind of like kinda like sink traps and governors not exactly the same but similar I don't think so don't quote me on that no can you be louder yeah she actually could be no what she could all right so let's see here they're gonna do further well so the mobile Empire is gonna be fairly prosperous but they chose the wrong the wrong time to be coming in Marcus who's shown up in their backyard at this point okay yeah the Europeans in the most part yet Britain's me right behind with the British East India Company so they'll be fairly prosperous but they have a tough time competing with the Europeans and also some Hindu kingdoms aren't going to be happy in fact there's a Hindu kingdom called our movement called the Marathas and they're gonna be part of the people that kick them out along with the British so fairly prosperous but fall eventually to Murata's Confederacy which is Hindu people as well as Europeans and in fact the British East India Company by the mid to 1700 is pretty much taken over all of the Indian subcontinent that's a bit of downfall however they too are going to have large architecture product projects to show their power and authority and you guys almost very incredibly famous tomb [Music] so it's kind of like this Palace of Versailles any questions about the mobile empire 1259 that's Period three those are the Turkish invaders now that's just like the mix of cultures they are they just called the Mongols but then this part they weren't just Mongolian they're a mix of Turkic and Persian this by the way made it a lot easier for them to mix these cultures because are they I mean look at these three are they used to already mixing cultures together yeah they're familiar with that right there used to syncretism I can put that if you want used to syncretism slash multicultural so many easier to have more lenient policies you you couldn't say that but they're not truly just Mongols but yeah because I mean the mobile mobile is the person worker mom also you can say that or you could just say Central Asian invaders yeah right but that's the person or the Farsi word for it alright cool oh dude these guys have been founder weapons they did all these empires dudes don't know that although again their guns aren't as advanced or refined as European yet I'm just gonna be a problem later not yet because there's no European country that's strong up to mount an invasion force to tickle these empires yet but they will soon all right so we just have West Africa and Japan dusty West Africa for my period three West African yeah exactly another all right so Mali was the last one to uh to be there however one thing that kept Mali very powerful was their trade with the Arabs in the caliphate however what's the Turks knock them out in the Europeans start taking pieces of them Molly's gonna really weaken because they lose that trade can actually be it with the Arabs so weakened by all caliphates lose a lot of the riches that are coming in so there's a gives a West African city named Gao that is ruled by the song hey family / dynasty and they are going to conquer Mali they like big it like Timbuktu and all their major cities and they eventually kind of take over that West African region / take West African Africa alright go song Han Dynasty that's where it gets its name gals the city give her a person one of the most famous wars is a guy named skin to skin schemes the great and he is going to really help spread Islam is already there but he's gonna help spread Islam a little bit further he's going to build Quranic schools and he's the first West African ruler to enforce Islam no ok there were already some Koranic schools in tip I - and stuff like this but he's gonna spread it far more and Molly ever did it was that enforced in um in Mali like there were a lot of Muslim people but it wasn't like spread by forcing like that this is where he officially makes it part of the Empire not to all people but to the elites so he's going to he and the other song hand rulers are gonna force elites so those that are rich nobles etc to converts to Islam and that's key because this is the first first enforcement of Islam in West Africa the question is why there is a an actual reason why they do this close yeah that's a really good theory it's not entirely false another good guess then your races on past and that's excellent I like that you're doing that this is a new reason though because you know it [Music] but it's right what it does actually she's right so she nailed it with what it was and she nailed us to wine so he won dude forces because and it's the same with Christians too but the Quran really requires you to listen to your political rulers so if you train them to be or if you raise them as Muslim they see listening to your ruler as like part of the natural Islamic world so it it does justify their position in obeying the the rule of the nation because the quran / islam justifies obeying your work begins so those are the major points through the west africa know this is the song song hey dynasty sometimes I've seen a spell - why I don't know I don't know why yeah yeah it goes Ghana Mali stoning it's an alphabetical order that helps only something oh because Molly got a lot of its power and wealth by trading with the Arabs so what's the Caliphate strong the Transkei trans-saharan trade network really dipped as well so they're gonna lose a lot of their their power influence that way dynasty was thrown just like a semi skinny oh my gosh sure you go Ashley it's just a city wanted with the city in the map so here in here what was Molly was a typic - and it but it also has a city in Gow so when Molly became weak gal just started pondering this internal alright and these guys by the way inside of this slum which is alright last topic Japan got one this is roughly these sixteen hundred's to 1868 to Meiji Restoration so this is um this is where one Shogun which if you guys remember it's kind of like a military leader kind of like a king so not never bow like a king and so he's gonna have a whole bunch of two actual guy so Shogun Tokugawa because he's gonna have fun conquer Japan with the help of loyal daimyo with a dying boy dispose of dynamic that's the samurai boys that sort of like the nobles right there like the nobles so samurai didn't fight but the Daniel were like I like the nobles so it's kind of like a king in his Nobles but he's gonna conquer all of Japan so what is it a deuce and to move the capital to a place called enemies in a surround Edo and the very important trade routes with these loyal daimyo people why would you do that yes keep him in the country operating smoothly and safely head o capital so head o trade routes patrol surrounded by royal dining and if you've watched the history Japan there's a wonderful little explanation of this for you put now on your phones I think that's the part anyway anyways um so this runs up with these local Daniel and he is going to unify Japan for the first time and as you guys know whenever we have a unified central government is it safer more dangerous safer so the safer get a more prosperity more infrastructure building so all this stuff is gonna be on the rise for a couple hundred years so uh safety prosperity roads infrastructure but this is also a time when they fall behind the rest of the world they're only gonna trade with the Dutch in China why Dutch in Chinese and the reason why they're gonna do this is because and I think it's sixteen thirty seven to twenty exact you're this close to thirty seven 1630s screw at 16:30 I'm pretty sure it's 37 16 thirties you're gonna have a peasant rebellion but these are not yet is the Shimabara peasant rebellion however these are different peasants yes these are Catholic Japanese by the way house Catholicism in Japan who spread it there don't say Christians yeah Portuguese in Spanish the Portuguese in Spanish could not conquer these regions yes Japan by this wonderful map [Laughter] No all right so there's your pan dish and so ed I was kind of here and oh yeah the Spanish and Portuguese couldn't conquer these areas these empires were way too far away at this point and they're also too powerful so what they do there is they send missionaries to these regions and they're gonna start converting people to Christianity so what you are going is gonna be full of Catholic peasants so rather than blame the taxes or the the terrible conditions who does tokugawa the Shogun blame for this for this rebellion just Catholics yeah Western ideas right for and ideas wonder my name is so they blame foreign ideas specifically the West here and then they initiate closing of Japan from well happens by landing on a corner I hate shot by a gun they don't have correct [Music] so sakoku is been an error being closed off who's gonna in sakoku the US in the 1850s Commodore Perry right and what it was what's the bad thing for Japan because the zip code new thing they're gonna fall behind all behind west / world economically technologically militaristically the Dutch in the Chinese closing off of Japan from the world fall behind econ tech military all right any of you guys remember Brooklyn 18:53 it I get his Commodore Perry's and open up trade by force and then they're gonna be like the way we got to change this government and they do and I see you tomorrow

Channel: Morgan AP Teaching

Views: 8,330

Keywords: Ap euro, ap European history, a.p. euro, a.p. European history, Ap world, ap world history, a.p. world, a.p. world history, history, ap, apwh, apwh review, columbian exchange, incans, aztecs, cartaz, vasco de gama, columbus, spain, mercantilism, charter companies, joint stock, slavery, encomienda system, haciendas, tokugawa, songhay, ottoman empire, sunni, iran, shi'a, shia, safavid, mughal, zamindar

Id: RRIYlBiTPjs

Length: 116min 15sec (6975 seconds)

Published: Thu Apr 19 2018