When India And Communist China Became Enemies | Mao's Cold War | Timeline

[Music] in the decades following the establishment of the People's Republic of China China becomes increasingly militant its leader is bent on showing China's place in the world mouse' don't but at the height of the Cold War a key ally will turn enemy India in 1959 Mao launches a personal attack on Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru the issue of Tibetan independence rips the Alliance apart by 1962 a bitter border war turns India from friend to foe even today these events remain sensitive topics both sides disagree on what happened but for the first time we will hear personal accounts from the men who served in China's People's Liberation Army this is the story of Mao's Cold War with India [Music] the Tibetan Plateau in 1959 in one of the world's highest and most remote regions tension is brewing [Music] twenty-year-old Wang Xiao Yao is a new recruit in the People's Liberation Army what you want Rio iyanya chief Aarthi was a loop aria some fukken saw between Jennifer Hollett talents in Vegas Hagen taja - you know communally you move to the beat computer girl this [ __ ] come back one serves for barely three months when a rebellion breaks out in Tibet this is a catalyst that will set India and China on a path to a border war Thomas in the mood portfolio yet people eternal love natives to ecologist will death for punky isolated by the world's highest mountain ranges Tibet lies in the southwest of China and to the north of India Tibet's history with China is long and complex dating back as early as the 7th century a position with China alternating between subservience and independence by the 20th century Tibet considers itself autonomous but in 1949 things change with the founding of the People's Republic of China the top leader in China wants to stamp China's sovereignty on the region Party Chairman Mao Zedong now considers Tibet a part of China he sends a massive force of troops into the region over the next nine years Beijing reasserts its control but by 1959 Tibet is on the verge of a rebellion eat or you jr. see what whoa the food is my agent Oh golly Yoshi's oncology she's da Vinci happy bday she's not in her power lock Mao blames the rebellion on the upper class of Tibetan society labeling them reactionary he claims the rebellion is an internal dispute and forbids any foreign interference but one of tibet's neighbors is closely following the clampdown India this is how India views its borders with Tibet they have suddenly become India's borders with China this rebellion won't just upset China's internal affairs it will taint India's and China's relationship forever [Music] ten years earlier though the picture is different China and India forge a friendship almost immediately after the founding of the People's Republic of China the to have common grounds being newly independent and the two most populous countries in Asia the leader that spearheads their friendship Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru anniversary into to Lee who tilled Indian darling to touch on certain entities only hi Yigit uncle father new Yohan in between language yeah the quantity were to reach in Europe and its immediate informant Anita on China side is premier Joe online a highly ranked official key in cementing this relationship [Music] Joomla is chunko chunko Yahoo the usually like a pajama how the Tony can watch over John which woman turns the gym quality 2004 teacher to a Keurig intrusive in 1954 Joe attends the Geneva Conference in a speech he praises India as a leader of the non-aligned movement country is considered neutral in the communist capitalist divide so and I didn't have friendship with with Nehru and he tried to maintain that and he sees that as a very much a foundation a final Indian kind of alliance a foundation for the entire non-aligned movement sino-indian relations reach new heights one year later during a meeting of newly independent asian and african states the Bandung conference both India and China pledged their goals of leading this new world order but crack soon began to appear in their relationship Mao has reservations about getting too close Mao seems more suspicious about the leadership of those newly independent countries then soon I was because for Mao the temptation of Moscow support of Washington support is always there in the China is strategically and economically limited in that regard so he tries to keep distance between himself and those leaders of newly independent countries a rivalry begins to grow after pending conference there was a power struggle developing between Beijing and the Delhi because both of them sees themselves as a leader of the emergent non-western world independent countries in Asia and Africa but the issue that will bring these cracks to a head the rebellion in Tibet [Music] as China's army clamps down Beijing extends its political and military control to Tibet's entire territory the media want you at all PUA [ __ ] on the bomber you didn't even lay a conjurer from your kingdom back booty English poof poof is a pimple on each China has two contested borders with India an Eastern and a western sector in 1914 Britain and Tibet signed a treaty stating the McMahon Line the boundary separating Tibet and India but China has never recognized this treaty it claims the border lies 90,000 square kilometres further south china also disputes India's claim to land in the West an area called ArcSight chin during the 50s Beijing builds a key highway across Tibet it cuts across oxide chin thus in chang tibet highway is a crucial artery for china's troops into tibet in 57 when they discovered that the road from shinchon to lhasa had been built through oxide chin which India had considered its territory in the western sector India realized that there needed to be a more active policy of trying to occupy these areas trying to show presence on these areas and the Chinese had moved closer to the boundary with India and because of the uprising and the disturbances in Tibet so it was inevitable that the two sides would come into contact with a boarder in contention and troops stationed on both sides blood will soon spill china's army has remained in tibet since 1950 its neighbor india is tense as thousands of Chinese troops pour into Tibet over the next decade many Tibetans feel Beijing's reforms disregard their culture and traditions by 1959 Tibetan objection to China's policies has reached boiling point in March rumor spreads that Chinese authorities plan to abduct the Dalai Lama to Beijing hundreds of thousands of Tibetans surround his palace to protect him rumors that the Dalai Lama was going to be taken were instantly and uncritically accepted and that indicates that there had been a complete collapse of faith or trust between Tibetan people and the PRC Mao predicts there will be massive rebellion in Lhasa but he doesn't view this as a crisis he considers it an opportunity most certainly had a very different personality personal character that many other people don't have Mao has a combination of a strong-willed person he's ambitious he's ruthless the sort of sage mentality to Mao is also good because you can utilize a crisis situation to motivate to encourage the people [Music] Mao says the more chaotic the situation in Tibet the better it will give reason to crush the rebellion and carry out reforms in the future thousands of new recruits like Wang Xiao rally behind Mao not be modest it was only ten feet high way too much was on the 19th of March 1959 China begins its crackdown on Lhasa the army easily takes back the capital but the rebellion spreads to the remote mountainous regions for the next three years Chinese troops scour Tibet for rebel strongholds [Music] one of the biggest rebellions erupts on namso Lake 20-year old private TN do lie barely makes it out alive saluting any chili over shall also meet an AMA who didn't die there huh tinder to venture Tourist Trophy go to a minute general I knew you wanted to move anywhere tan Sonoma fajas do big Akira you beat ordinary appreciate her neck we deduce piranhas polio but her shabbiha sanitary Tyrion to such a challenge for Georgia latisha La Juicy a food that doesn't move in 1924 idea huge a menu in fashion a good chance apparent revisional McCammon the water what are you consulting edgy to the to Isola troika Tina Turner premier transition Panama the entire financial puts on their panel to sizzle HIPPA you want other the wrong even support allows me India via i2c you need a model this is Olivia and 300 are truly a Latina geometries of power in order to you Jennifer she'll totally gaga Retreat retreat of shred let us all out there were even those who are tiny pea pistou but across the border India's public opinion is overwhelmingly sympathetic to Tibet from the point of view of the Indian public it has to be remember that India's had long historical connections with Tibet cultural economic religious and so whatever the Chinese were doing in Tibet especially religious suppression war issues that affected the Indian public but Mao does not understand why Nehru allows the Indian public to criticize China that takes us to the heart of one of the biggest problems in this conflict there's tendency on the part of Mao to assume that other statesmen would do as he did and if they weren't then there must be some ulterior motive or some hidden agenda he made a rather glib assumption that Nehru had a similar degree of control or influence over the expressions of Indian opinion India's public sympathy toward Tibet even Earth's premier Joe but the Chinese Communist Party decides to lie low waiting for the right time to settle the score as the violence in Lhasa worsens the Dalai Lama fears for his life disguised as a soldier he flees to India but according to China's official line the Dalai Lama was hijacked by Tibetan rebels in India he is granted asylum Mao is furious in a statement to the Indian public the Dalai Lama speaks of the oppression of his people at the hands of the Chinese he also calls for Tibet to be independent of China Dalai Lama's speech just made matters much worse but the really bad reaction on mouths part was to assume that if the Dalai Lama was being given asylum in India and being allowed to make such provocative and aggressive statements in public then it must be because Neru and the Indian government wanted to use these pública statements for a policy agenda of their own Mao believes now is the right time to expose India's purported role in the rebellion he declares Nehru the mastermind behind the protests hoping to seize Tibet for himself in just two short months the two Asian brothers turn into bitter adversaries both stay claims to lands on their borders and begin sending troops to fortify them the world's two most populous nations will soon open fire on each other March 1959 Mao claims the Indian prime minister jawaharlal nehru is behind the Tibetan rebellion Nehru on the other hand is worried about an expansionist China these differences will soon expose their border disputes to the world the sheer geographical fact that there were Undine arcaded border region is right next to tibet this was a car accident waiting to happen August 1959 along the McMahon Line on the sino-indian border in long Joo a bloody clash breaks out between Chinese and Indian border Garrison's from one can you say humans again the pendant is sweet and Johnny yeah so he injured a dancer shock we did quit your Santa Cruz camp Union penguin contestant who should feel then in october 1959 on the western section of the border at conquer pass Chinese and Indian soldiers opened fire again [Music] China's key ally is closely watching the deteriorating situation the Soviet Union in 1959 the successor to Stalin has been in power for six years Nikita Khrushchev throughout the sino-indian fallout Mao feels Khrushchev hasn't been behind China after Chinese and Indian soldiers clash Khrushchev issues a statement regretting the tragic incident Chinese leaders deemed this a betrayal they're important for sure - she said chance 2005 attorney nippy opium in your pink invention your partner Tony Caputo me Tony cocooned hand an equesticle Nanami was a tiny girl with her face I would Rico Jefferson children asleep and then is a common language and assorted whadja are Geneva you make another question there some real question if I pretend that has some beer if an opportunity potentially to paper tongue should Cromwell citizens either dinner invitations it by the tenth year anniversary of the People's Republic of China the topic has reached boiling point reach over 200 GD h cirhonk o cirhonk or sent your horn she's a Hindu hyung car charging waitress to convert Occidental Sibylla percentage for Navajo non-ahmadi women Camaro Wilson lady an employer that use rhetorically phone she's real into Santa Gianni those waiting for opening usually talks with India however fare better China and India come to a consensus over the clashes they agree to withdraw to 20 kilometers behind the lines of control on both borders but in reality the opposite happens over the next three years both sides fortify their borders troops continue to patrol over the disputed territory the Chinese are ordered not to open fire if Indian troops come into sight Beijing does not want to be accused of attacking India yet for many soldiers like private one this is very difficult some is Boogedy in Dubai Abu Talib easily the poison to do yet reaches the profession superstitious let's see what Somaly but which means watch China officially names India's incursions into what it deems its territory a forward policy the way the Chinese saw the forward policy was as one that was deliberately provocative the problem was of course in the Indian side the Indians were merely mocking claim to what they thought was their side so in a sense the forward policy was not one only employed by the Indian side but there was one employed by the Chinese side as well the sino-indian agreement has not worked but back in Beijing premier Joe is hesitant on taking a fiercer stance as foreign minister he is very wary of how China is perceived in the world [Music] in just 10 years China's fought wars in Korea the Taiwan Straits and Vietnam by 1960 China is reluctant to make more enemies to put an end to the sino-indian border dispute Jo visits New Delhi to offer an olive branch he suggests China will stay behind the Western McMahon Line if India gives China more land on the eastern border the Parkside chin but Nehru rejects the proposition and Joe goes home empty-handed Mao is furious yet again so she under Canada the trans freedom but I would you know Liat we Laura Mao issues the secret order to begin preparing for combat the stage is set for war the air is 1962 for three years China and India have been in a stalemate over their border disputes troops on both sides have sporadically opened fire but in September an event provokes an all-out Chinese attack [Music] on the eastern border the Indian army establishes a post incher dome near the McMahon Line the Chinese consider this their territory and surround the post the Indian commander reports they are facing 600 Chinese troops but to this day Beijing claims they were only 60 [Music] when Nehru orders the Indian army to drive out the Chinese it's the last straw for Mao he issues a top-secret order for a coordinated attack across both borders the People's Liberation Army or PLA has been well prepared for this Beijing has considered this war inevitable since 1960 the Army has recruited and trained thousands of men one of them is private Ren Lynch on video raineesha to you do you know Zhu Hagen Hodgins ha hee hee hee hee munechika fujio sushi hi hi me Hollis yeah chipiya in preparation for battle Ren learns Hindi North India's main language to talk ya know he taught ha ha jihadi into a demon you mentioned anonymity no kidding Ren puts his words to use just one month later he is sent to the border on the Eastern Front Sean Patton DiCamillo the Home version de soie Boozer - Taylor shot in Catania Fukushima to generate una hora de Atocha Judy Joe since the shot she should know fujiwara tatsuya la noche gia she - deep deliver yeah yeah tody you talk to Dennis Google ever Selenia my football we used to walk we need to chop - eh - oh we're in Chicago Jean reciting reciting shall be massaged you sit here Watson wishes to see me mission do just before dawn the PLA launched a coordinated attack party for Sahaba truly ho the two colors each estilo de una caja mizzu we popular fishing hole here for a hotel you suit on - Satya - mr. Shi be made a profit each a metaphor tea for Buddha came through tier 4 hyouta to your castle [Music] Mao's plans are put into action as Chinese artillery units inflict devastating hits on Indian troops charge eternity whoa lumen Shauna sir but your energy [Music] at the same time infantry units are deployed to flank and encircle Indian units it's a successful battle tested technique invented by Mao during the long march Chinese had a lot of experience in fighting in this kind of country they'd been doing it since the 1930s and they'd done a lot of it in Korea against the Americans it taught them some important things about fighting and rugged mountain country in particular the more you decentralize the better the nature of the ground often breaks fighting up in areas like this into skirmishes between small units so you need to have a force which is prepared to so operate on the western border the PLA attack from the mountainous areas at the same time they annihilate the Indian Defense [Music] by 4:00 p.m. the first battle is over dimitra's you know passes yeah Tito did you see better judges jeez don't just you go traction peteyrin rage on see you go finish uni Paul Rashidi campaign we will pursue the taboo so powerful this rare film archive shows the moment when the PLA captures the Indian Army [Music] in a matter of days the Chinese capture other strongholds at Jurong and key b2 on the Eastern Front and strongholds around pangong lake on the Western Front the Indians quite simply just didn't expect Chinese units to be able to get to these places as quickly as they could with and use the firepower as effectively as they did while fighting is ongoing China appeals to India to settle the dispute through negotiations once again Chinese premier Joe and Lai says China will give up the area south of the McMahon Line if India gives up Ark seijin but Nehru is incensed he rejects the proposal and declares a state of emergency in India Neru rallies his troops to launch a counter-strike but now is one step ahead the year is 1962 a border war ensues between India and China after a series of losses Indian leader Nehru orders 30,000 Indian troops to launch a counter-offensive [Music] the PLA deploy another 20,000 troops to the eastern sector their plan a punitive and devastating attack that will end the war but it requires a huge undertaking Ren Lin Shan and Tian do lie of the 11th division are ordered to flank dear endzone but beside lies more than fifty kilometers across the Himalayas icy rivers and deep ravines lie in the regiment's path [Music] Ximena Tokyo so deep she is rooted in Toronto she is Lee Napier acuity yopo a pleasure catalytic appeal Shoto yahushua see risotto to camp in vivo de todo tipo que pasa zoom Eliza the 11th division hit the trail on November the 10th they have just over a week to get during zone over Libya maryska casa - ah hiccupping oh you pay goofy Callie can visit our chocolate puddin party to table illusion the party moo-hoo-hoo see no civil servant is on the job Moo superheated lava the total everything reach over [Music] the tension tone of feedhoc she did Akasha that's a zombie I became a little hungry yoshua she told you man you reduce to transplant together you're too beautiful scene III you got us a co-worker a whoa - unclear just uses 3d body Shira on the morning of November the 18th the PLA s plan comes to fruition with horrific consequences the second offensive by the morning of November the 19th Indian units are completely wiped out Indian forces collapsed large number Indian soldiers became POWs Chinese forces pressed on into Indian Territory in New Delhi a panicked Nehru sends a desperate plea to the u.s. asking for immediate military support but unexpectedly Mao orders a ceasefire Chinese troops withdraw 220 kilometers behind the line of actual control pre-1950 nine positions Nehru is perplexed jump away from your shirt with our current students emotionally we from a chocolatier bill Bhushan to war would you like an example Mao is very wary of how China is perceived in this war it has just coordinated an attack on a fellow Asian nation and leader of the non-aligned movement Chinese troops have killed thousands of Indian soldiers the stage is set for a new act in China's global propaganda offensive these are the propaganda videos they release to the world POWs are shown to be well treated [Music] they are even released and escorted back to the border but for the PLA soldiers who fought in the war there is a different story even today this subject brings back bitter memories [Music] no be our home for all Nelda sorry slowest le haut relationship Andromeda gotta see to lagunas de nada she's a machine the gingiva the swab nerve I never will there's where she was not husband it so allah tala transmission Tony Tony Gwynn today whatever through its heart it's nanyat on the transit Bassam Ponyo nauseous on da good solid credit rating $2.00 sudra to you either Cali pho Raja Buddha so who should you quotas or who you bet Hado cambia looking at your digit daddy care yeah Jimmy who so silly to me daddy says oh gee Jennifer Thomas under so you know the Vichy time did you tell you you could choke please don't do piss it on the paper Joe sends a letter to Nehru claiming China has been acting in self-defense this entire time there is no need for further military action as India the aggressor has been repelled he says no no - no sir - muah to push a budget on impinges at home to ambient rundown called the children she wants in question so yeah at a time period from the Moody possibility' Chavira run into the mineral what a common dodging turn out see hooded to the movie Emily data but the politics of this war is more complex and a lot of surprise therefore a lot of surprise and some consternation and a lot of discussion about just why China had stopped and where things would go next and a burst of speculation which lasted for months on what this conflict what effect it would have on relations between the different major powers mouths cold war with India would have serious repercussions on its most important alliance Soviet leader Khrushchev makes it no secret that he considers China the aggressor with the seeds of distrust planted China will lose its closest ally [Music] November 1962 the People's Liberation Army have defeated the Indian army and advanced further south but instead of pushing father Mao pulls back his army and they retreat to 1959 lines but relations with India will take decades to normalize to this day China has not settled its border disputes with India the lines of actual control or the LA Sea remain heavily fortified on the Chinese side there's been a lot of infrastructure development and this is one of the reasons why the Indians are even more worried today about what the Chinese are doing along the boundary the Indians have started moving into territories close to the LEC because given China's military modernization there are fears in India that India will be caught unprepared once again so there is this massive military modernization process on both sides and movement of troops closer to the LSC for the Chinese veterans who fought in the sino-indian conflict the Cold War was a dangerous era a period filled with sacrifice and suffering [Music] what ambien were part of the snow listen Fedor Devo mccurdy you could be a trap children starting as young Kira sooner years from which you would yet color yellow Ouisa she dollar thinking that by their nature sir sir maybe a minute as a surgeon fish are people searching and enthused later on uniform traffic you [ __ ] her pasa I got AI order to to chain reaction Queen I deliver the sino-indian war has been instrumental in shaping and molding the mentality of the Chinese leadership emerging out of that conflict would be a China just thirteen years old but Mao and his commanders have proved they fear no one China has shown it is willing to go to war alone to claim land it considers part of itself the China's war against India has sown the seeds of distrust with its key communist Ally so they are going into the question is real or Tasha the togokahn and incarnate choose Rosalia to the mission de there will be poverty good them got a Chaudhary the part in the upstream the stage is set for China's next war the next decade see the Soviet Union transformed from China's number one ally to have most hated enemy

Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

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Rating: 4.6790123 out of 5

Keywords: History, Full Documentary, Documentaries, Full length Documentaries, Documentary, TV Shows - Topic, Documentary Movies - Topic, 2017 documentary, BBC documentary, Channel 4 documentary, history documentary, documentary history, mao, cold war, mao's cold war, communist china, chinese documentary, communism documentary, tibetan independence movement

Id: xthe53TvFg4

Length: 43min 18sec (2598 seconds)

Published: Thu Jun 11 2020