Our Reactor Is On Fire

at 4:30 in the afternoon on the 10th of October 1957 a fire was discovered in the core of reactor 1 at Windscale it was Britain's worst nuclear disaster I've heard Dante's Inferno well he couldn't have been any worse than what I saw there but he couldn't stare at it just had to turn away it may well numb really it was so horrifying that one but one just went numb then there was so much to do but one didn't have time to get really agitated about I don't think any of us thought of ourselves as heroes and my personal attitude was that there was job to be done and we just had to get on with it and it was a national emergency and had to be dealt with thirty two years after the fire the damaged Windscale reactor at Sellafield is still radioactive the Windscale fire consumed eight tons of uranium it took a hundred and forty men thirty hours and over two million gallons of water to cool the burning core until Chernobyl it was the world's worst reactor accident but the fire terrible as it was at one hidden benefit it closed the two early Windscale reactors forever tonight we will show for the first time on television what really went on inside the reactors that they were inherently unsafe that they severely and secretly contaminated the surrounding countryside long before the fire and that this contamination was deliberately hidden from the public this is the story of the first winds care reactors and the fire which closed them it is told by the men and women who worked at the site in the 1950s dedicated patriotic scientists and engineers who were intent on bringing Britain into the Atomic Age Windscale is unique it is science fiction intruding on our sober lives and it is a very great producer of plutonium the pure atomic fuel about industrial and weapons projects the two Windscale reactors were built in West Cumbria shortly after the Second World War each pile as the building's were called produced plutonium the explosive material in atomic bombs for Britain's nuclear weapons program it was an immense construction and I well remember going inside it for the first time everybody had to change into players with less socks and white overalls head gear and when you got inside the pile it was like a science fiction set all these people in white climbing up ladders and you could walk all over the pile of course and there just seemed an immense structure and I was absolutely amazed the enormity of it well there was a tremendous sort of feeling of adventure and I think a feeling that we had to have an atom bomb to remain amongst the great powers I think if you remember Ernest Bevin in the Labor government whose Foreign Secretary said that without it he felt he would be going naked into the conference chamber and this prevailed and therefore a great amount of energy went into trying to meet the timescale which was a very tight one starting in 46 and exploring a first weapon in October 1952 and this in fact was accomplished in October 1952 using the plutonium made in Windscale Britain became a nuclear power this color film of the bomb has only now been Declassified Winn scales work didn't stop with the first nuclear explosion more plutonium was urgently needed for Britain's nuclear stockpile unlike other reactors the Windscale piles which produce the material for the British bomb were air-cooled air sucked in through ducts was pumped by giant fans over the uranium fuel held in the graphite core that great speed the cooling air passed over the uranium and rushed up the chimneys through filters at the top these filters were meant to prevent radioactive particles escaping into the environment not a watt of electricity was generated the sole purpose of the reactors was to make plutonium for nuclear weapons the reactor was powered by uranium fuel placed inside aluminium cans over 70,000 of these cartridges were slid sideways into the reactor core the reactor was covered by a concrete and steel biological shield hundreds of steel and lead plugs sealed the fuel channels in which the uranium cartridges were placed for fuel channels were placed behind every plug each channel took 21 cartridges when the fuel was spent the cartridges containing the now highly radioactive uranium were pushed onto the back of the core and removed for plutonium extraction the Windscale piles were Britain's first large-scale nuclear reactors although their design was simple they had several limitations the strange shape of the reactor chimneys was the result of the last-minute addition of filters at first they had been thought unnecessary the filters had to be placed in boxes on the top of the stacks as an afterthought there were as good as they could have been designed with the information and against the timescales that they were Jews but of course under those conditions they had certain limitations and the problem with Windscale was in fact not recognizing those limitations and therefore taking the appropriate management steps to see that they didn't do anything stupid in 1955 work was well underway at Calder next door to the wind scale piles unto more reactors during the development of Calder a rumor spread about the site that levels of radioactivity in the area were rising the huge cooling towers at the Calder plant together with the Windscale chimneys dominate the Cumbrian countryside radioactivity escaping from the plant could contaminate the local village of C scale in 1955 a scientist at Calder decided to check the contamination rumors I took home a Geiger counter that's the electronics department in the certain development of arms just just recently made and I ran it over the lawn and I was amazed to discover that the places where they activity was quite enormous and one of these spots I had dug up took it in the kitchen put it on the bench because it cut it in half and then discovered which half had the activity and it continued in this way till I eventually came down to a single particle which looks at me like uranium oxide dr. Leslie has kept the particle it is still radioactive 35 years ago it was much more radioactive most was amazed and broad taken aback that didn't regard it with any sort of fear that with hindsight obvious liar I should have thought of it as being rather hazardous but I think without a doubt all the people in C scale and the factory will have either inhaled or ingested one of these particles the particle was irradiated uranium oxide it contained a cocktail of radioactive materials including cesium strontium 90 and plutonium dr. Leslie decided to share his discovery with a colleague who lived down the road in C scale he took his Geiger counter with him Jaden didn't live far away and I thought it would be interesting to see whether his garden was much the same and so I went over to see him I said what's all this about and he said that he'd just been monitoring his own garden and found some high spots of activity so I said well you know let's go out and so we went into a garden sure enough every few yards those high reading the meter reading when docked up to the top this was quite alarming and we came back into the house quite a few spots in the house and even in our larder after the discovery of radioactive particles at his home dr. Jake Minh began to wonder how extensive the contamination was at that time the Atomic Energy Authority was conducting routine surveys of radioactivity Derek Jake Minh decided to follow up the authorities work with his own monitoring well I - one of the the site Geiger counters and measured what was on the plasti land and as I was quite astonishing because every few yards there were very high increases the microphone on the guy counter really just sort of hummed so these were very highly active individual particles and the were a lot of them later I estimated that a very rough estimates not that there would be really sort of tens or hundreds of millions of particles surrounding the side using their rather Heath Robinson samplers the Atomic Energy Authority confirmed Jacobin and Leslie's discovery of particles they found that the severe particle contamination had lasted for a year at least but the Medical Research Council when consulted concluded that the levels were not a hazard Jake Minh and Lesley were told to hand back their Geiger counters and mind their own business the authority's chairman decided to keep the contamination secret we were trained to handle radioactive materials so that we didn't spread it about we didn't breathe it in and you didn't get contaminated with it therefore it had never occurred to me that somebody was spraying it outside in over the countryside it was soon discovered where the particles were coming from normally when fuel cartridges in the core was spent they were pushed out of the reactor into Skip's in a water duct at the back still under water the cartridges were taken to the cooling pond between the reactors to await plutonium extraction the water was meant to prevent the escape of any highly radioactive particles however because of a fault in the reactor not all the cartridges were falling into the water as the cartridges were pushed out of the core some fell into the massive air ducts at the back there they sat often damaged for months highly radioactive particles from the cottages was swept up the chimney part of the problem can still be seen inside the damaged reactor this film was taken by remote camera long after the fire no worker is allowed behind the core today the film shows dislodged and damaged cartridges one is caught behind a steel frame when trapped in this position before the fire its contents radioactive uranium dust would have leaked out of the damaged cartridge the radioactive dust would then join the cooling air stream and be blown up the chimney the radioactive particles which reach the top of the chimneys should have been stopped by the filters the filters had been placed in galleries at the top of the stacks at the last moment they were made up of rows of about 800 corrugated fiberglass panels the panels were pushed into position in the chimneys through v-shaped slots in the side galleries we now know that the filters never worked properly you have to remember that these filters were having a particularly hard life there because the volume of air passing through the filter was a ton a second and the air movement was something around 50 55 miles an hour and a ton of air second going to that speed is not the best of things the trying filter so technically it was a very difficult problem the filters clogged very easily and this meant that they had to take them out and wash them and put them back on in the land a cycle and with his constant washing they got damaged in addition to that the material was very easily torn the the whirly gaping holes in the filters and so the efficiency was very much lower than the specified efficiency of 99.9% and what does that mean well that meant that if any particles were released in the reactor then there was nothing to stop them from going straight up the chimney through the filters and out of the countryside in public the authorities spokesman denied that contamination was taking place mr. Hugh Howells told the local newspaper that the amount of radioactive dust reaching the ground is so negligible that it cannot be measured while this doesn't sort of fit in with open government that everybody should know everything at that time it was thought that the peace of mind of the people concerned was more important than pass any information out because undoubtedly it be misinterpreted well that was obviously done in order to counter any rumor that we might have let out that the word particles coming out it was just a deliberate policy because if there must have been quite a few people that were aware of these particles looking rather like a super version of our plastic macintosh is a new suit designed for workers at Britain's atomic plants despite the light-hearted newsreel the reality was that the new suits were made to protect men going inside the winds carry actors to remove the leaking cartridges once you're inside and the Zips been fastened all that remains is to pump in compressed air so that the wearer can breathe easily on how to dress up rather like a diver but in lighter gear full PVC suit with a an air horn and an air hose which went outside the supply one with so with fresh air and once time in that location was very strictly limited because of the radiation levels the removal of leaking cartridges inside the reactors was a desperate measure to stop the contamination at its source quite a few quite a lot of cartridges in fact landed in the in the air ducts and these had to be shoveled out that was quite a major operation because we had to put in relays of people to to get rid of these cartridges into the water doctor but the problem persisted between 1955 and 1957 the contamination continued despite all attempts to stop it in the summer of 1957 a secret government delegation arrived from London to examine the situation they were briefed by the health physics and safety manager we were informed by mr. Howells that the emission of active particles in the cooling air from the pile stacks which was first discovered in 1955 does in fact continue steadily this occurs in spite of attempts to improve the efficiency of stack filters but before anything further could be done events took their own course the Windscale reactors had another major problem a problem which was to lead to the fire and to their closure because the piles were air-cooled and operated at low temperatures an accident was just waiting to happen as the nuclear reaction took place energy slowly built up in the reactors graphite core if this stored energy was left in the heart of the pile it became dangerous it could escape spontaneously in a powerful rush of intense heat in 1948 Edward Teller the American atom scientist warned the British that an unplanned release of energy could cause a major disaster his warnings were dismissed rather than close down the reactors and stop the production of plutonium the scientists at Windscale improvised their own solution the stored energy would be forced out by turning off the cooling fans and deliberately overheating the reactor as the graphite core became hot the stored energy would release itself but as time passed it became increasingly difficult to release this energy known to scientists as Veta energy it was needing a higher and higher temperature to actually get the released start in addition there were pockets of big biology which had not been released on previous occasions so you had these two problems side by side a secret record show how difficult the releases of stored energy were becoming by 1957 reactor one was allowed to heat up to 400 degrees centigrade to get rid of the stored energy the reactor operators had been walking a tightrope they were doing it that way because they got away with it but I don't think they realized they'd be lucky that perhaps started more cautiously in the earlier days and there slowly got prefectly not realizing the the the dangers that you're using extremely powerful machines and you've therefore you can't afford to drive him lying on Monday the 7th of October 1957 reactor 1 at Windscale was shut down and cooling stopped in preparation for a release of stored energy there were no operating manuals each release was largely a matter of judgment the second nuclear heating was applied on Tuesday temperatures inside the reactor began to rise early on Thursday morning it was realized that something unusual was happening I found that the level activity was about ten times what it normally was and I thought there was something seriously wrong so I went along to see Tom Hughes who was the works manager at that time and said to him that I was a bit concerned insofar that we had an unusual hair sample and did he have any idea where there's anything wrong or not I had no real ideas except that I knew for certain that this was not emanating from the chemical plant and therefore it may well be the reactors so we decided to go up and have a look-see on the reactor itself and when we got up there we went immediately to the power control room and I noticed that the stack activity meter which measures the productivity on the felt at the top of the stack was at full scale reading so I turned to Tom Hughes and said you realize if that's full scale this means a site emergency we decided we ought to look at the reactor core and her team was assembled to go up onto the charge face and take out one or two of the plugs and see if they could visually see what was happening inside we went on to the charge via suitably attired in PVC clothing and an inspection plug was taken out and to a complete horror we could see four channels of fuel a bright cherry red on Thursday afternoon attempts were made to bludgeon out the burning fuel cartridges with scaffolding poles but the cartridges were stuck fast and could not be dislodged the polls themselves became red-hot and the area in contact with the fuel became yellow from the uranium oxide that was produced due to the burning of the uranium and that was highly radioactive of was very radioactive yes by Thursday evening the fire had taken hold inside the center of the core Tom tui was summoned to the stricken reactor I got a phone call saying pile 1 is on fire and I say good God you don't mean the core he said yes can you come in I said yes when I first went up to the top of the reactor and this was carrying 35 pounds breathing apparatus on my back and in full protective clothing and a low 80 feet up in the air doesn't really sound very high by the time I had got to the top my chin was awash in my own sweat inside the respirator the first thought was to blow the flames out by putting on the full blows and increasing the cooling in retrospect that was not a very good idea and we soon learned that this was making that as well rather than better the uranium fuel at the heart of the core was now burning furiously but as the fire progressed the glow became greater then small flames began to shoot out from the affected challenge eventually a roaring Inferno was shooting out from the back of the reactor and hitting the Bank concrete wall during the night we did try and extinguish the fire was calm dioxide it so happened that that very day a tanker with 20 tons of liquid carbon dioxide had come in to cold haul so we got this rig dump and I had plugs pulled out of the charge phase of the reactor and literally stood there holding this lumps and watching to see whether the calm don't shine Hannah knew faint and there was this poor little tube with copper oxide king predictor I had absolutely no hope that it was going to work on Friday morning workers on the site were told of the fire they were ordered to remain indoors and wear face masks the chief constable was warned of a possible emergency only a mile away at sea scale no public warnings were issued though evacuation plans were in hand they were considered unnecessary but many in the village realized that something was plainly wrong there was smoke coming out of the out of the chimney which was the first time I'd ever seen smoke coming out of the chimney that put the fear of God into it at the time I was working at Calder which is the power station on the other side of the river and the Works manager rang me up and said there's a site emergency they're having trouble at Windscale and that it would be prudent to stay indoors and closed windows and so forth that was at 4 o'clock I remember quite clearly on the Thursday and yet on the other side of the fence absolutely nothing was done and there it was my own measurements the fallout at colder was justice Ames the fallout at C scale and the reason for that is that of course on a chimney the maximum for that tends to be some way downwind not immediately adjacent to the chimney so that members of the public were walking around unaware of the various absolutely while workers were staying indoors yes are some of my friends had cycled from C scale along the edge of the sea and we discovered to our horror that their hair that we managed to different of their hair and it went off the scale of the instrument completely now at that time I don't think we'd ever come across that amount of activity there the instruments had never been stretched to that limit as it were and we were quite horrified I took a tissue and rubbed it over my son's shoes and I was amazed to find that on my son's feet the camp rate I can remember this there was 3,500 councilmen it and in the laboratory if you had a count rate of more than 600 counts per minute he we regard as being contaminated and there we were six times the normal level in C scale early on Friday morning the decision was taken to put out the fire with water despite the possibility of an explosion our job was to tell you what called sealing plugs we had to remove some of these to put horse perhaps down when he looked down the channel it was just white hot really speaking nobody would under would believe how hot he could possibly be now I've never seen anything like it and I don't suppose anybody else were ever will by this time it was a blazing Inferno I mean I did stand to one side for part of the time you know hopefully but inevitably if you're looking straight into the core of a shutdown reactor you're going to get quite a lot of radiation and I discovered that that was contaminated on me hums we had opening a washing so let me doubt this area and by again she wouldn't get it clear and it took three weeks actually to get there whole lot cleared before the day shift began on Friday the 11th of October water was ready to flow through the fire hoses attached high on the charge face and into the core at the same time all cooling air coming into the pile was shut off then the whole pile was cleared of personnel and I remember Tom and I went down to the depth and sat like a couple of miners down and ready to give the instruction to get the turn the water on I asked for water at 40 pounds pressure and I listened no noise so then I asked for 60 then 80 then 120 which was full pressure no noise the worry of course was if the water produced hydrogen the whole lot could have got gone up at that moment it wasn't a very pleasant situation when I went back up the reactor the holds and I was looking down at the back had steel plates on them they didn't have the plugs in them and there was a hole in these plates and you could lift off the plate with a hook metal hook I tried to pull out the plate on one of these holes in the matter how hard I pulled I couldn't move it and this was the fire trying to suck arian from wherever it could I've know that it was even sucking Aaron down through the chimney of this state to try and maintain itself well eventually I got this plate off so that I could look down at the back of the reactor once more and I could almost see the fire dying away it was really dramatic first of all the flames went and flames reduced and then the glow began to die down and I inspected it a number of times up until about midday when I couldn't see any sign of any fire any glow anything and I was satisfied that the fire was out the atomic energy authorities first admission that there was a fire was broadcast on the BBC's Friday lunchtime bulletin the Atomic Energy Authority has announced that some uranium cartridges in the center of the atomic pilot Windscale became overheated yesterday the authority have said that staff are now reducing the temperature of the pile with water at the moment a northeast wind is blowing across the Windscale factory and is taking any radioactive dust or vapor out to sea it was obvious that his hand blown endlessly that quite a lot of it was in the coastal strip it was a highly unsatisfactory that the authority should be able to hush these things up when there was obviously something radically wrong cyrex The Guardian and the letter appeared on the the Tuesday in his letter Frank Lesley complained that no warning had been given to members of the public during the fire and that no proper measures had been taken to protect them he called for better emergency planning in future I said I had made measurements which were almost identical with those at Frank Crossley had made and that in my opinion they did not constitute the hazard and certainly there would be no point in frightening the people in the neighbourhood unnecessarily dr. Leslie's letter attracted a great deal of attention in the press but no action was taken against him they also were aware that I was discovered the 1955 discharges which had been concealed and it was obvious if they took action that I would then reveal that they'd been hushing things up previously Harold Macmillan the Prime Minister was infuriated by Leslie's public criticisms he demanded an immediate explanation the briefing he received made no mention of dr. Leslie's earlier discovery of contamination around the Windscale plant contamination which had been separately covered up the Prime Minister wrote that Leslie must be an opinionated ass Macmillan was unaware of the reactors troubled past the Prime Minister went as far as calling you an opinionated ass I think the reason for that was that he probably was quite unaware that there have been discharges previously and that nothing had been done about it emergency at Windscale atom plus and the milk from 200 square miles of farmland is condemned as radioactive now the worst seems to be over though mr. Stan whitson will help to bring win scales overheated reactor under control was radioactive for four days and couldn't even kiss his wife till the Geiger counters gave permission the idea was when a noble Glover's at home it would sweat the contamination out yes a so I went in the pub and Obama knows at the time but Sir the gloves on for Stan so a bit of contamination that's all and by that time all the reporters were ablaze a newspaper reporters so a when spread it on the hotel next in note in their super block oh what's that oh boy what's the trouble I'm never fed up in all my life the headlines the most radioactive man in Britain atomic Stan money can kiss his wife goodnight and soos rubbish as already to me was rubbish from what I know it never done me any harm put it that way and felt no if it effects from it the plume of radioactivity from the fire travelled across England and over the North Sea to Holland dr. Johannes block and alert that scientist was waiting for it in 1957 when he checked air filter papers he found an unusual trace of radioactivity at once dr. block contacted the Atomic Energy Authority in England he was asked to fly to Britain with his filter papers immediately every time I wanted to know what exactly was on the filter they could tell me and they changed over to another subject or something like that so after two days an evening in my hotel I decided to to get angry anyway next day if I didn't get more information but when I came up in the laboratory they told me it was polonium polonium is a volatile and highly radioactive material the authority was determined that its escape should remain a secret it was an essential component of the weapons of that time and clearly the government and the military authorities didn't want to make available details of how to make a nuclear weapon or how they were doing it themselves partly because of the obvious security point and partly because the country was negotiating with the United States at that stage to get as much sharing information as possible and I don't think they wanted to let the United States know in advance just how much how little we knew a contamination of local milk with other radioactivity was a hazard however which the authority could not ignore not marketing board lorries collect the contaminated milk the trouble arose when radioactive dust from the overheated pile fell on the Cumberland pastures and milk samples rostehobro were found to contain six times as much radioactive iodine as international' Hill standards permit so for the time being down the drain it goes meanwhile emergency supplies from outside are delivered to more than 5,000 people who normally get their milk from the banned farms we were able to apply a milk ban quite early on so that the radiation exposure are in particular to children which is what we are concerned about was limited by the fact that we quite quickly got this ban into operation as the milk was checked an embarrassing discovery was made local milk was indeed contaminated but much of the contamination came not from the fire but from the leaks before the fire worst of all was the discovery of high levels of radioactive strontium in the milk and on local pastures we found more strontium in some samples particularly grass samples we had expected and so there was that stage an urgent need to make sure there had not been a greater escape of strontium than we had suspected now where had this strontium come from in fact did it come from the the particles of uranium oxide prior to the accident which it escapes through the filters why hadn't it been discovered before but it had been discovered its scale had not been recognized the scale distribution had not been recognized a secret meeting of experts was called by the Medical Research Council to advise on the discovery the scientists were concerned by what they learned that the Windscale reactors have been leaking radioactivity persistently for some time before the fire the risks could no longer be discounted it is now evident at relatively high average concentrations of strontium 90 have characterized milk from this region over considerable periods of time although it is practically certain that these concentrations even if continued could not produce any detectable increase in bone cancer and leukemia in a population of the size at risk it would be impossible to deny that such levels might be a factor in the causation of any particular case in this district it was really quite a shock I'd never heard of leukemia um a friend of mine their second child died of leukemia in C scale he was three years old and that was a shock to me I because I didn't connect it with the works at the time but then another child had leukemia and they saw the lady that had gone off during the fire she died of leukemia and I think there was another case and really it was so startling all these people with leukemia that we began to think about the plant advice was received at 1:00 p.m. on the 2nd of November 1957 that samples of grass and milk from West Cumberland would be made available for urgent analysis a crash program of sampling began in secret to check the extent of contamination from releases before the fire although it has never been admitted publicly officials kept the milk ban in place not only because of the effects of the fire but also because of the previous leaks in the years before the fire levels of radioactivity in milk and grass may have been much higher but until the accident levels had never been properly checked dereck Jake Minh has studied the leaks which took place before the fire the government now accepts his estimate that at least 20 kilos of enriched uranium leaked from the chimneys this may be the first example of a deliberate decision to deceive the public I pointed out that I consider to be the worst example of exposure to the public from the nuclear power program I also pointed out that the estimated levels of risk from the incident was between 30 and a hundred times the estimated risk for the fire in October 1957 government officials realized they could no longer hide the leaks some facts would have to be admitted but no figures would be given and no dates mentioned the medical Research Council's report into the fire did the job hidden the way in a dense paragraph was the admission that contamination had taken place prior to the fire it was added the leaks could be of no significance to health nobody in the press picked it up I think undoubtedly some people will be affected but one has to remember that a large proportion of people die of cancer anyway and from the authority's point of view and taking a cynical view the few extra that dude I do to these discharges will hardly hardly show up at all in the statistics h-how'd McMillan and his ministers never learned the full extent of the secret contamination which took place before the fire in briefings he and his colleagues were only informed of a single incident in the spring of 1957 McMillon band the full report on the fire a censored version appeared instead which blamed the disaster on inadequate equipment and faulty judgment the two reactors at Windscale were shut down it was realized that they were probably too expensive and unsafe to operate scientists warned that milk production in the Windscale area might have to stop if the remaining undamaged reactor started again and the leaks continued the Windscale fire in 1957 stopped the secret persistent and serious contamination of the local population with radioactivity in this sense it was a blessing in disguise Derek J Qin has estimated that local babies born in the mid-1950s would have received high radiation doses much higher than those recommended today for workers at the plant itself for four years the reactors had released their long lasting poisons it contaminated the whole of West Cambria which is a terrible high price to pay the respects of the dust that came out of those chimneys still in the sediments of lakes to this day and will be there forever work has begun on the slow process of taking down the two Windscale chimneys at Sellafield and dismantling the reactors government scientists now say that 100 people may die over the years as a result of the radioactivity chiefly polonium which escaped during the fire in February this year workers at the site was shocked by a scientific study which linked radiation dosage to men at the plant with leukemia in local children but work expanding Sellafield continues it is now one of the world's largest nuclear reprocessing centers I was there just that using the knowledge that we have today those plants should not have operated a tool there were various features about them which were really inherently unsafe but the needs for the materials that we were producing were paramount at that time the military needs the military needs yes they were built and of course old Lord Hinton was the first to say they were built as monuments to our ignorance but they carried out the job which they were intended to do Romilly reactors were made to produce military-grade plutonium and for us I suppose looking back to kid ourselves that having nuclear weapons we could remain a great part they serve their purpose their purpose was achieved at a high price the atmosphere which surrounded the work of the reactors has cost much public trust concern remains that there may have been other nuclear incidents which have been covered up and of which we still know nothing the terrible legacy of the Windscale reactors will be with the nuclear industry for many years to come

Channel: ZilogBob

Views: 521,891

Rating: 4.7950664 out of 5

Keywords: windscale, sellafield, nuclear reactor, nuclear accident, radioactivity

Id: vcsyMvQtlKs

Length: 47min 48sec (2868 seconds)

Published: Tue Feb 17 2015