"Nuremberg" starring Alec Baldwin as Robert H. Jackson

[Music] [Applause] [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Music] hey guys come on come on separate the officers for interrogation [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] I'll be damned yellow spots we meet at last brush Marshall Guren my wife my daughter your eighth Air Force has destroyed my beautiful new father and levelled out beautiful cities even so I prefer to surrender to a fellow Airmen gentleman may I [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] unbelievable those pictures were on every wire service American officers throwing a party for Hitler's number two men what was the commander thinking I'm told it's a code of honor among Airmen that transcends politics and brains apparently commander was reprimanded and Ike has ordered that Goering between you know differently than any other prisoner of war excuse me I've nailed some real coffee from the Chief Justice's office Elsie's the best cabbage are in the entire building you shouldn't have gone to so much trouble Oh coffees no trouble now a set of tires that's another story I still can't believe he's gone for me it was like losing a father truly whatever I have whatever I am because of Roosevelt I was in London seeing Churchill when the news came with the end of the war in sight the President had sent me as his confidant to discuss a rather tricky subject what to do with captured Nazi leaders Churchill opinion he said there should be summarily shot for crimes against humanity what's your opinion well if I think if it's a crime for the Nazis to shoot people without a trial happen to be less so for us to do the same thing that's the true ones feeling exactly and Churchill now shares less you surprisingly enough so that's darling you're talking about a war crimes trial which they attempted after the last war and it completely unraveled because it had no weight but this will be an international tribunal comprised of the four powers America England France and Russia President Truman wants the best prosecutor in the country when with the reputation for being tough but impartial he wants you mob I haven't prosecuted a case in years as the browser shows you for the Supreme Court because of your integrity as a prosecutor that's right Truman has picked you for this because he wants a fair trial not illegal lynching I like it right here Sam I mean this would mean I would have to step down temporary leave of absence you're in the back in six months maybe so is the president aware of the fact that I'm completely opposed to the death penalty yes he's not concerned because he knows you'll do whatever is right as you know a fair trial means an uncertain outcome if we don't prove the defendants guilt we'd have to let them walk even if we could smell the blood on their hands to the Allied powers understand that Truman does you'll have a chance to make it clear through them the trial is yours to create Bob you get to set the rules hire the staff find the setting even get to pick the defendants this trial could unravel to life the last attempt if it is poorly planned if it is unsound legally or morally or it could establish a basis for conduct in my nation's that would alter history for generations to come [Music] the trial will be held in Germany that's what the defendants are the evidence witnesses are there any decent hotel still standing I don't relish the idea of spending months of a dreary army base well you won't have to worry about that no wives allowed an Army's request bad for morale you know all those been over there for years without pity you don't want me there fine I'll be downstairs whenever you ready [Music] I gotta get out of spots I'm afraid I have to ask you to get dressed and packed for travel where are you moving us only the rice mushroom being transferred to bad monde off very low it's a very pleasant spa why must I go alone because that's where the rounding up German war criminals I'm sorry about that get dressed please they must be brave very very brave [Music] [Applause] [Applause] no Eli is the dupage of Krakow and we've seen the camp's poof that she bastard was lucky when the arms ministry was destroyed in an air raid in 1943 it ripped me off useless paperwork's and pencil pushers sir what do you think was a single most effective thing you did during the war when Hitler appointed me as minister of armaments I threw out the military chiefs and turned to the professionals industrialists and engineers then I borrowed the ideas of Valtor Otto know the great Jewish chief of the German economy during the last war sanitization of parts the division of labor and the maximum use of the assembly line thank you dr. spear gentlemen will not break for lunch it's fear obviously you're under arrest for major water [Music] yes I pay attention orders are in listen up you all be taken to different places of detention the following prisoners will go to bad mollendorf as defendants future war crimes trials step forward Field Marshal William Keitel Granta Admiral Karl dönitz Colonel General Alfred Jodl follow me I haven't left Washington since before the war I couldn't even remember how to talk it's so worried about bringing out things that we need for the office I completely forgot half the things that I need I've one set of nylons for the entire time and they already have a run I mean I even trade a ration coupons to my friend Louis so I could buy nylons you are jittery as a hand what is the matter with you I've never been up in an airplane before [Music] morning Robert morning gentlemen this is my chief secretary Elsie Douglas Elsie this is a Tom Dodd who'll be deputy prosecutor that's nice to finally meet you miss Douglas pleasure Colonel John Harlan Eamonn will be head of interrogations Douglas Colonel Telford Taylor who be the liaison with the other prosecuting teams pleasure all mine and Colonel Roberts story he'll be the head of our documents division pleased to meet you man colonel another role here let's go [Music] [Applause] [Music] we really had military leaders political leaders what about the bankers and the industrialists have flooded the Nazis what about the soldiers and civilians who actually carried out the atrocities and put the whole damn country on the trial we do need to suggest the scope of the crimes I want this trial to be the first of many well then how about using a symbolic figurehead from each category we cover the whole spectrum that way no one group gets off scot-free it makes sense if we win convictions we can just keep right on prosecuting nasties till the cows come home remember we may also fail to the convictions in which case some or all of the defendants could go free I'm still wrestling with the validity of this trial crimes committed during war have never been called crimes let's focus on existing law what existing laws did the Nazis break well they broke peace treaties border treaties certainly Geneva Convention and Hague Convention right every time they made it a country they broke along my fear is that at the end of the day when all is said and done this trial will be perceived as nothing more than triumph of superior might the winner is exacting punishment on the losers our task is to make sure that this is not the triumph of superior might but the triumph of superior morality we're at a very interesting position here position to fashion a future in which aggressive war will be dealt with as a crime here here [Music] [Music] [Applause] or full new arrivals identify yourself fix cell phone sir head of labour conscription former head Julius Streicher publisher of sir I can't pronounce it yes to its fifth Thank You sour juice you think I don't know that shut up Alma Horace really shot formerly president of the rice Bank and minister of the economy I do not understand I have been accused here I'm you jail or not your lawyer you'll get your day in court son's future chief of radio operation in the Nazi propaganda ministry Rudolf Hess former deputy Fuhrer you you watching fun not even that's you Foreign Minister you funnel business doctor rubble I head of the German later front your Albert Speer yes sir what's wrong with this man his mind is not vetted used he said old drunk it finally caught up with him I said shut up corner this man striker is a disgusting person the pornographer and a Jew beta I do not wish to be pals with him we make no distinction colonel they expect fully poor taste our arrest we were only following orders nothing more as a feral fool surely you must understand [Music] now you no longer see you are all war criminals follow laccolith nuts masters [Music] reichsmarschall Hermann Goering at your service sir you are in the United States Army stockade the bad Mandar did they tell you why because we lost the war and I assume to be shot or hanged that's up to the court I have heard of this court its opinion does not concern me the opinion of the German people that is what really matters that's all it is so history will show that everything I did was for the greater German right there will be statues of Helen going all over Germany in 50 years little statues perhaps but one in every home there's saddest house starting right now I'm putting you on a diet you will be mentally and physically fit to stand trial [Music] [Applause] who is it Hans Fogg sir tried to cut his wrists and throat these soldiers stopping before you could do any real damage Jew butcher of Krakow Barbara take him to the infirmary have him checked out I want a four-man watch on him around the clock yes it did work out what's your name Gilbert sir you and your men want a chat with us thank you sir your surgeon psychologist what we're faced with or so it appears is the secular equivalent of drafting the Ten Commandments now each nation has its own criminal statutes but for the world at large none exist no not necessary we're trying war criminals whose guilt is unquestioned by the government's we represent general if we're going to have a trial must be based on law must be affair it must only determine degree of guilt an appropriate punch a completely fair trial with opposing counsel direct examination and cross-examination precisely before judges that act as referees as in a sporting match that is not the way it is done in my country nor in France lawyers merely help the accused prepare a defense they have little role in the court itself in the United States a defendant is entitled to his lawyers most aggressive representation yes in Britain you would allow a man such as Ernst Kaltenbrunner responsible for the Gestapo concentration camps for killing millions of innocent people to stand before a court of law and declare himself not guilty that is precisely what we would allow 20 million of my people was killed by these fascist criminals half of them civilians killed without mercy how many died in Washington this way mr. justice Jackson general it occurs to me that perhaps separate trials might be the most satisfactory way to reconcile our differences the United States and the British along with the French if they choose will conduct a trial with the Nazis that we currently have in captivity Calvin Bruner Franck spear Goering and the Russians of course would be free to hold their own trial but the ones that you have on hand there is no need to be so impulsive we are after all allies we must try to bridge our differences well at least the prosecution is a unified group now even if we did up to compromise but the French and let the judges be the jury I must say you're neat little trump card turned comrade general into a pussycat well I didn't enjoy playing it I didn't want a sand egg or a guy I would have preferred to convince a young boy I was quite convinced by your subtle reminder that we've got most of a big Nazi fish well they only have a couple of minutes nonetheless I couldn't argue his point my country was spared the worst of it no bombed-out cities no slaughtered children I couldn't begin to know how is it you could look out on all this and still want to guarantee these men a vigorous defense I want to put National Socialism on trial so they'll incriminate themselves besides I don't ever want this to happen again well it's no question you're the undisputed leader in all this today prove that you only finished our work here you better go to Germany find a place to the trial if anything still exists [Music] [Music] [Music] Robert I can't believe this my brother came here as a college student I still have the picture book he brought me it was nothing like this this isn't even the same city every medieval bridges and gingerbread houses this was also the site of some of Hitler's biggest rallies Nuremberg was the spiritual centre of the Third Reich general clay one of the odds really of finding the housing we'll need for the thousands of people who will be attending this trial army guarantees it parts of the city were untouched by the bombings as hundreds of fine houses some bacon others whose owners are desperate for money what's that smell there's still around thirty thousand bodies trapped under the rubble right yep follow me Grand Old Palace of Justice landmark more ways than one defy bomb hits or just shrug them off but rooms upstairs offices that whole wing there and behind that wall all the jail cells you'll need hey just right this way justice Jackson the court this is a mess take a lot of work Auto burn but it's doable 10 commandments 10 commandments in the same building with a nuremberg laws were to create the deprived old german jews of their rights this is it this is the place to hold the trial give me the word Knopf General Patton move in 15,000 German POWs start cleaning up the whole city I'm giving you that word right now captain Kiley what do you think well leave double the size of the courtroom I've take out that rear wall and come to the Attic for visitors gallery saw some terrific seats in an old theater here great chandeliers gotta go threatens more practical on let's talk Palace of Justice is going to see some justice once again just forward it from the base thank you very much sergeant Fuchs Morris Fuchs Brooklyn New York well I knew it wasn't Wisconsin with that accent thank you hmm President Truman wants to appoint Francis Biddle as the American judge for the trial are you serious but he already fired Biddle is Attorney General why would he do that guilt maybe probably I guess it's diss instead of a gold watch how do you feel about that well be Truman's wording unless you have a problem with this which means don't have a problem with this well I've got to go back to Washington and brief President Truman any way I can stop in Philadelphia along the way and try to cajole Biddle into becoming a team player when do we leave I need you to stay here and set up our offices find us a place to stay make those decisions without you Oh that'll be fine I trust you [Applause] [Music] your name is Carl get your ass on the truck von papen sure and we board the plane got a seat by the window dear boy it may be the last view we have of the Father Oh Rosenberg annoyed red-brick I couldn't face going back into private practice not after all those years in Washington the nerve center of the country the war what is the current status in nürnberg but we're gathering evidence choosing defendants we've settled on 22 men we've narrowed our targets to those who ran the concentration camps good thinking splendid one soon gather the slave labor as well as those that used it this week absolutely right the judges will have a great deal of work ahead of them with the pre-trial discovery yes yes yes well of course you'll be there to guide me through it I'm thrilled Bob it's a moment this means a great deal to me am i safe and calling the president and telling him that you've signed off for me but I'm approved as chief American judge I'll arrange your flight this week we need you over there as quickly as possible we need to gear up fast trials in one month we'll have dessert in Nuremberg [Music] I've gotta say a little unnerving walking past 300 MW is carrying pick-axes that's why everybody just let one of them find a mess no light from Assad gives them a headache a job it's fine perfect Oh could you put someone captain Kylie I want to know if the filing cabinets already sure thing [Music] first thing you must understand about these men is that they are war criminals the rack means nothing there's to be no exchanging of solutes or any other military curse I know most of you men saw combat he lost friends companions we've all seen the bodies at the side of the road men who gave their lives in the service of their country gave their lives so that we might have the opportunity to bring these criminals to justice now our job is to make sure that these criminals survive long enough to have that justice served to make sure that our friends our companions did not die in vain have y'all swab yourself I beg your pardon yeah bucket and dad mop use them pick it up [Music] [Music] dr. arrest now his heart beating was up to almost 300 beats a minute couldn't let the heart failure that's just what I need there's the biggest bull on the rod I've done it we listen I'm making this man your personal responsibility he is not to exert himself as God is my witness he will be in the best of health when they hang him yes sir yes lieutenant Allen Harris with your permission I shall call you tonight not it's fine sir good [Music] thanks for the ride few problem Robert welcome back nice to be back really good to have you back so quite a job you've done here did you see the inside excellent work captain Kylie what's your background Kylie a couple of architecture classes never got a degree thank you serious you're a justice of the Supreme Court you know I practiced law for 20 years with only a single year of law school my belt things were a lot easier to pick that she didn't go around giving away your secrets I won't tell if you won't tell are we making out with these gizmos for the simultaneous translation IBM sort of invented the process as we go sir but we'll be ready for you I promise I don't doubt that excuse me question is will we be ready the whole team's waiting in your office they'll fill you in I missed you I missed you too you know when I was home I couldn't find you won't have to worry about that I'll take care of should be fun Tom I'd like you to do Speer so I can take sure i funk diapers ready to be served yeah I say we hold off until the last possible moment until they're indicted we get to freak them like POWs we can interrogate them all day long once they're indicted they're indicted they're entitled have their lawyers present fellas this is going to be a fair trial let's serve those indictments as soon as possible but the British deliver the indictments wouldn't be right for us to hog the whole shauna what if the defendants want Nazi lawyers no he'll know kind of crazy example with that said free speech for crying out loud boys Nancy's defendant asks when he ought to be on trial themselves and we're gonna pay on them can't help wondering what these fellas would do if the situation was reversed in a homicide well we don't have to answer that question in this room right now the judges will be here in one week we'll let them decide would you excuse me it's just arrived he decided not to fly it's coming over on to Queen Elizabeth it begins three weeks I'm a bit surprised at Biddle I'd never seen a man so hungry for approval well yeah but then you approved him I did learn a lesson there did that and how I hate learning lessons don't you think this is a little bit excessive I got it for a really good price thank you justice Jackson meet foul hustle and hair hustle how do you do I have the five years in America oh well it's a pleasure to meet you from hassel please come in follow me I will prepare dinner something light perhaps at this hour thank you light means five pounds of lard in the dumplings instead of six what was this place some banker who no longer owns a bank you think we're his only source of income now oh thank you here hostel I'll do that so where is your room upstairs it's a cute little attic apartment type thing is it all right well it's nicer than what I have in Washington mom well I haven't seen what you haven't washed oh god I am so bushed just hold on till dinner would you like a drink no maybe later on don't do that well I've arranged a little breakfast meeting with the team tomorrow morning good good just to go over some of the finer points mm-hmm Bob [Music] [Music] I shall make a balls of it you just fine open up good morning I am major Neve I'm the officer appointed by the International Military Tribunal so your position I am finally the civilized man Neve what does your given name Airy a major alien Eve I have heard this name before barely like the wind why would I heard this day I was captured tortured by the Gestapo and escaped twice earned your even then I am the officer appointed by the International Military Tribunal to serve upon you a copy of the indictment in which you are named as defendant I'm also here to advise you as to your rights to counsel I care nothing for lawyers you can find one for me Mei ji of the wind women of culture we both look the truth the victors were always be the judges the vanquished all of us the accused yes [Music] open it up until I studied this I cannot speak to the accuracy of the charges against me but I acknowledge that necessity of this trial and accept my inclusion in it how can you say that before reading the charges there's a common responsibility for the crimes that were committed in the name of the serta rice no one is blameless apart from the victims but we were just following orders nothing about crimes against humanity here's a list of lawyers Jews I want to be defended by a German naval officer I was a lawyer myself full of ideals why did you just showed us now [Music] I want a guard posted into porthole every cell there to be watched around-the-clock I need to pick up the documents in the document I'll meet you office find any directives on Polish slave labor row take your pick deal with some peculiar about the German character that makes detailed records every damn thing they do it's downright reverse the Nazis put in right every criminal thought they ever had and every criminal act they ever did right here this room is enough evidence to hang half the country I'll settle for 21 clean convictions yeah I expect the people completely don't get what you need more that I've arranged all your random notes for the opening statement into something less random legal thematic anecdotal precedent theory you really are something well when you decide what let me know I've noticed that this case is really inspired the orbiter in you well I've tried to capture a tone a mood a melancholy grandeur if you will well it's all here we only have two days left to finish the speech maybe you should start dictating right [Music] this simultaneous translation business like taking a room in the Tower of Babel and this I can assure you whoever designed those electronic earmuffs designed them did not try them over a barristers wick not to worry I knew there we must become he's a psychologist the army transferred him over here to consult on the suicide risk of prisoners [Music] ah Francis I had arranged for a flight to pick you up you were meant to be here two weeks ago what happened you developed a sudden craving for shuffleboard I just needed a little time to get myself up to speed I worked the whole way over prepare any my colleagues here I'd like to meet perhaps later on I need to talk to you about something oh you must tell me by examination yeah oh but we do it all remember your help makes it oh we doin rush all the time in France thank you look at this it was a gift from my family after the trial I'm going to donate this along with my papers to my alma mater I think future generations on the subject of who serve as president of the court but the British are prepared to support you but yes but it's not in the best interest of the trial the Americans are far too dominant in this they already the trial must be viewed as a joint effort I really do have the qualification I know you do if not me then who Sir Geoffrey Lawrence the British share our sensibilities and it's a hell of a lot better than having to Bob or God knows Nick Jake oh I think I can sell the French on this idea to everyone back home assumes that I will be head of the court Francis your role here will be of incredible importance this is probably the last appointment of my career Bob this is how I'm going out with great honor advances he won't be capping here wait honor [Music] now that blazed up himself in who should be get to replace I mean the dark that's not a Broadway show Johnny we don't just bring out an understanding you still got 21 left 21 it's good song no boys they're coming back Biddle doesn't look too happy come on can you blame them gentlemen if I may I'd like to introduce ladies and gentlemen please a salute to my colleagues in the law how fortunate we are to be in a profession where we may speak our minds not like diplomats who must behave like dogs on a leash [Laughter] [Music] this morning if you care to dance with me I'm not much of a dancer let's go embarrass ourselves [Music] it's my opinion head-shrinking has no place in this man's army if you've been assigned to me captain and I plan to make bully you see you're gonna help me make sure I don't lose any more of my business well from what I already know of your setup here Colonel I can safely say that you've created the perfect suicide wart what you're talking about these men have nothing to do all day but sit around and think about their fate you should think about it if you want to keep them alive insane you need to keep them occupied both mentally and physically small library for instance library a library would make all the difference in the world so what an exercise yard well I had something quite different in mine I thought I might put you in their life give him somebody to talk to open up with I'm sure they'll jump at the chance the jibber-jabber with somebody is bright and enthusiastic as yourself they'll tell you what they're thinking what they're planning do you report everything you hear to me currently I don't care anything about morals and ethics captain these men are prisoners criminals not patients that's the deal captain take it or leave it well I brain the exercise yard sir you got this place is worse than I expected what a nightmare when we pick up a press passage the Palace of Justice what's the metal bar in the front of the Jeep do works like a knife to cut the wires the Germans string cross the road at night lovely I'll take your bags to the hotel [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] what does you put it on the wrong foot yeah yeah this seems completely mad it is an act he is being clever he for so clever he wouldn't have spent the last four years in an English prison I turned my Diaries over to the Americans voluntarily you see they prove that I tried to resign as governor-general of Poland did not approve of the persecution of the Jews anyone reading my Diaries they will know what was in my heart civil understands that those things I wrote about Jose the orders are signed as they were not sincere I believe you have fake and yet you did do those things how do you explain it I don't mean legally I'm not a lawyer or a judge I mean how do you explain it to yourself I don't know it says though I'm two people so hun trunk you see here and hunts from the Nazi leader I wonder how that other Frank could do such things this front loop said that funk and says you're a terrible man and what does that Frank say back he says I just wanted to keep my job friends when we begin this protest fast tomorrow my friends never forget that we are here for one reason and one reason only we lost the war but someday a grateful German nation will honor our legacy doctor what do you have you have one gel you have a fine man two Germans 0.3 Germans a war are you really in such a good mood here going where is this your way of handling fear yeah what do I have to be afraid of I have all the hundreds and thousands of men into battle knowing full well that not many would return why should i their leader tremble when called upon to face the enemy I know that I am a condemned man that is of no consequence there is still work to be done and mark my words it will be done one Englishman an idiot two Englishmen a club three Englishmen an empire I spoke with some of the translators today to get a sense of the piece you need to maintain it's a little tricky because it's not just about pace it's about two of them pausing at the end of phrases we should probably rehearse a little tonight not the whole speech you need to see their voice for them all [Music] good morning like Wheeless morning sir it's time to go reichsmarschall I do I look you look fine sir how do you feel excited I've waited many months minimal some silence now at last I'm being heard shall we I'm not allowed to do that sir oh yes of course all right sergeant search the cells [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] Oh so Jeffrey with my respects class after you this trial which is now to begin is unique in the annals of jurisprudence the defendants all hadn't been served with copies of the indictments are now to enter their pleas Hermann Goering no statement which will now read to the court the defendants are not to make a speech they are only to enter a plea surely not Rudolf Hess record that as not guilty your king von Ribbentrop Miss Julie Wilhelm Keitel nice shooting amst Kelton brother speak an omission is surely Alfred Rosenberg neat chili hunts Frank Miss Julie Wilhelm Frick Nick showed it Julius Streicher nice surely thought our folk mr. Lee Yun are shocked we should Karl dönitz the shooting Erich Raeder this Baldur von Schirach huge shortage Fritz Sauckel this shooting Alfred yo Nick Shirley France von papen nice shooting Otto Zeiss in fact mr. Slovak I bet spare Mitchell is Konstantin von Neurath shooting and hunts feature next release all the please have now been entered Justice Jack's your opening address please they please your honors the privilege of opening the first file in history for crimes against the Peace of the world imposes a grave responsibility the wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated so malignant and so devastating that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive their being repeated that four great nations flushed with victory and stung with injury stay the hand of vengeance and voluntarily submit their captive enemies to the judgement of the law is one of the most significant tributes that power has ever paid to reason if these men are the first war leaders of a defeated nation to be prosecuted in the name of the law we agree that here they must be given a presumption of innocence and we accept the burden of proving criminal acts and the responsibility of these defendants for their Commission we have no purpose here to incriminate the whole German people Hitler did not achieve power by a majority vote but seized it by an evil alliance of revolutionists reactionaries the militarists the enormity the horror their acts prosecution will give you undeniable proofs of these incredible events if I count myself as one who received during this war most atrocity tales with suspicion or skepticism no more the catalogue of crimes will omit nothing that could be conceived by their pathological pride cruelty and lustful power you will hear of the repression of organized labor the harassment of the church persecution of the Jews the conversion of mere anti-semitism into the deliberate extermination of the Jews of Europe you will hear of the long series of German aggressions and conquests broken treaties the terror that settled over Germany the havoc wrought in the occupied territories and you will know that the real complaining party at your bar is civilization civilization asks whether law is so laggard as to be utterly helpless to deal with crimes of this magnitude by criminals of this order of importance it doesn't expect and you can make war impossible it does expect that your juridical action will put the forces of international law its precepts its prohibitions and above all its sanctions on the side of peace so that men and women of good will in all countries may have leave to live by no man's leave underneath the law the court is now a giant Jackson's speech pedantic pass a lot of nothing I know the dog cries you think they'll beat us like this ever again they always feed you well before they I can't hang us where soldiers have to shoot us please we must concentrate on how defense if we're not going to it Frank give it to me it's a crime to have such good food look what they have done to your beautiful city Nuremberg is not mine but it was was anything ever more extraordinary than the part I dog and you staged every September tonight skies light up like a bonfires who carried our torches through the streets quarter million of us on the way to the Zeppelin fiends I remember standing there for hours basking in the radiance of the funeral then take a group of my Hitler young into the river where we bathed together he had to cool off the fires of the burning within us but now that just seems like a dream a strange wonderful frightening dream it was not a dream it was a nightmare of our own making and it's time to wake up from it the look in hitler's eyes was not radiance it was madness is the British prosecution ready yes indeed we are your honors with your permission I wish to read from a sworn affidavit by one Herman Friedrich Graber a German construction manager who in a civilian capacity was employed by the German army in occupied Ukraine from 1941 1944 on several occasions he observed the mass murders of local Jews committed by the SS or should stop the Nazi party's police and security organization one such a case he writes took place on October the 5th 1942 near the city of Domino that morning her Graber was informed that all 5,000 Jews from that city were to be taken by SS trucks to a place near his building site where they were to be shot and buried in large pits he continues thereupon I drove to the site and saw near it great mounds of Earth several SS trucks stood in front of them I heard rifle shots in quick succession coming from behind one of the earth mounds those who had just got off the trucks men women and children of all ages had to undress upon the order of an SS man who carried a whip all these people had the regulation yellow patches on their clothes and thus could be recognized as Jews without screaming or weeping these people undressed stood around in family groups kissed each other said their farewells I watched a family of about eight a man and woman with their children and two grown-up daughters an old woman with snow-white hair was holding the youngest perhaps one year old in her arms and singing to it and tickling it and the child was cooling with delight all the people around were looking on with tears in their eyes the father was holding the hand of a boy about ten years old and speaking to him softly and the boy was fighting his tears a father pointed to the sky stroked the boy's head and seemed to explain something to him at that moment the SS man at the pit shouted to his comrades the latter counted off about 30 presents and instructed them to go behind the Earthmen among them was the family that I have mentioned I will remember a girl slim and with black hair who as she passed close to me pointed to herself and said 23 hi then walks around the mound I found myself confronted by an enormous grave people were closely wedged together lying on top of each other so that only their heads were visible nearly all had blood running over their shoulders some of the people shot were still moving some were lifting their arms and turning their heads to show that they were still alive the pit was at least two-thirds full I estimated that it already contained about 1,000 humans the victims completely naked went down some steps which were cut out of the clay wall of the pit and clambered over the heads of the people lying there to the place where the SS man had directed them they lay down in front of the dead or injured some crest those were still alive spoke to him in low voices then I had a series of shots I looked back into the pit and saw that the bodies were twitching and the heads lying already motionless were on top of the bodies that way beneath them when I walked back around the mound I noticed another truck load which had just arrived this time has included the sick and the infirm an old very thin very frail woman terribly thin legs was undressed by the others who were already naked while two people held her up the woman was obviously paralyzed the naked people carried the old woman around the mound and the shooting continued signed free Rick great did any of you ever hear of this graver [Music] birthday that's my shot on the contrary we had an excellent lunch nice for the city and in the courtroom we have the best seats in the house they go on about this gravy person it doesn't cost us we were not even mentioned of us achoo now I'm sure we're on trial of course I gotta say terrible things about us they have not even begun your honors I would like to read into the record document 294 PS which describes manpower initiatives and how they were direct Mr Justice Jackson you have already read into record eight nearly identical documents on this subject do you really feel it necessary to introduce a night I do very well please continue document 294 PS begins his father boyhood I have come to the conclusion the sentences are already being carried out justice Jackson begins to bore us to death in his succeeding beyond his fondest hope now the Fuhrer ah what a speaker but a rally here in Nuremberg he held an audience of 250,000 people in the palm of his hand for an entire afternoon as legal strategy your documentary approach has been on the same but as drama it is I regret to say absolutist are two fine well as you know it's not meant to be an entertainment it's meant to be a trial and it's ours to lose a trial is a show Robert I don't like it or not as a show and those four learned men sitting on the bench are as impressionable in the audience you're pushing for witnesses witnesses will give this trial a human face one compelling witness cannot weigh a ton documentary evidence mr. Pecha like while you were in prison were you at one time asked to participate in a medical experiment yes and the Nazi doctor who supervised that experiment dr. Rosher did he ever explain to you its purpose he said the Luftwaffe had a problem that its pilots shot down over the North Sea often survived the crash into freezing waters only to die later after being rescued the purpose of the experiment was to prevent these deaths and what experimented he devised first I helped to strip the other male inmates naked and put them into water tanks were forced to do this to fellow inmates yes and then then we added large pieces of ice we put thermometers into their atoms to make sure the men were freezing then some of them we plunged into hot water others in warm water others we put next to naked female inmates so the doctor could learn which method would best revive them step back a leg would you be so kind as to read this conclusion doctor rashers meticulous records rapid rewarming was in all cases preferable to slowly warming because after removal from the cold water the body temperature continued to drop rapidly rewarming by animal warmth was too slow Thank You mr. pack alike do you recall whatever became the subjects of doctor rashes experiments on behalf of the Luftwaffe most of them went into convulsions and died thank you in 1942 I was arrested interrogated and then ordered to sign forth confession I refused the German officer threatened me I told him I'm not afraid of being shot he said we have means at our disposal so far worse than being shot please continue murder soon afterwards I found myself packed with 230 other French women in a sealed train on our way - it's a sealed train no food no water nothing at Auschwitz the trains ran almost all the way to the gas chamber they unsealed the cars and the soldiers let everyone out I saw men women children old couples forced apart from each other mothers made to abandon their children none were aware of the fate that awaited them those selected for the gas chamber were immediately driven to a red brick building I saw my friend and it on that truck she called to me think of my little boy if you ever get back to France then she put her arms around another French woman and they began singing La Marseillaise one night we were awakened by horrible cries the next day we learned that the Nazis had run out of gas and the children had been thrown into the furnaces alive of the 230 women on that train how many returned from Auschwitz 49 thank you or excused [Music] there you are the film came in late last night and I was up until dawn watching it now very few people have seen this film Bob you have got to enter this into evidence this morning what's the film you're not gonna believe this may it please the tribunal the United States now office of film and evidence it was compiled from motion pictures taken by allied military photographers as their armies liberated areas into which concentration camps were located [Applause] [Music] you know it was such a nice a laughing joking and then they showed that horrid film propaganda anyone can do it little of this little of that and before you know it those dopes you know I bet any number of affidavits reports statistics but I didn't really understand until I saw those films I still don't understand I don't think I ever will how could civilized human beings do that to other civilized human beings maybe civilization is overrated goodnight goodnight right Smosh the more she seen fear some touch with polka-dots shots Brown miss me do blacks to have signed are made a little thing think [Music] you understand what I do this today in the dining room GU rings ability to dominate and intimidate without possessing a real shred of power yes how do you explain that habit instinct something in the determined character that responds to Authority real or imagined that's it that's all it is yeah what about the ideas he expressed the words the thoughts they had no impact what that is what thoughts there were only platitudes Nazi Germany was built on empty platitudes a man like you you were seduced by empty platitudes of course because you can hear in them any meaning you want you said earlier you wanted to tell me something I've been trying to encourage some of the other defendants to join with me in accepting guilt expressing remorse my progress was frank and i have had high hopes for infant shiva the guru means to bully them into joining him and i fear now you will succeed unless someone stops him understand they're going do you believe that the Nazi Party came into power legally I do and I'm happy to explain in detail the history of those first elections but I will add that once we came to power we were determined to hold on to it under all circumstances we did not want to leave this any longer to chance two elections and two parliamentary majorities it had always been our plan once we came to power that we would eliminate the reichstag dissolve the regional Parliament's and individual rights rather the idea come from to combine the ceremonial head of state the head of government in one person either Hitler that's quite simple we took our example from the similar dual roles of the President of the United States and the idea for concentration cups the idea was mine it was a question of removing danger only one course was available protective custody how could the party rule until it established order and how could it maintain order with its deadly enemies particularly the Communists running free no further questions I don't get it he's talking the minister on his own Nick I don't think he really cares he's got bigger fish to fry this guy is talking I'd open the head of the tribunal directly the German people I suggest that you isolate guarding from the other defendant I don't understand why you're doing this inside me I'm just following orders during cross hit current quick and hard put him on the defensive right away never let him breathe I see no point in that at all he's blatantly incriminating himself all I need to do was ask direct questions and let him answer be prepared with a tough line of questioning cases needed thank you sure why am I being punished like a schoolboy Chabert Schwarz behind us he must have talked to Colonel endless persuaded mentor this line of action how do you know it wasn't me why dr. Schmidt is there some kind of rivalry between the two of you he is ashamed of being a Nazi I am NOT he wishes to infect the others with the shame you have no shame the world is now seen proof of the horrors committed by Nazi Germany you're comfortable defending every bit of it I've seen so many horrors already the carnage of the first war thousands of my countrymen maimed degraded starved no my dear doctor I am NOT an inhuman monster who has no regard for human life these atrocities are not indifferent to me you know we are accused so many appalling acts it is hard to keep track did you try my concern was war but in war each nation has its own surface interest you have to be practical I am a practical man and I'm a soldier but a soldier's code is obedience obedience this blind obedience without responsibility is there nobody in this country that will take responsibility for anything nobody who can say no take a look at every cell in this block what do you see yes men all the know men are 6 feet underground what is this you're not Jewish I yes I am I see this is an interesting situation for both of us so what's his plan I'm gonna clue will the witness repeat this earth after me I swear by God the Almighty and omniscient I swear by God the Almighty and on this earth that I will speak the pure truth and will withhold and add nothing that I will speak with pure truth and will withhold and at the prosecutor you are perhaps aware that you are the only living man who can expound to us the true purposes of the Nazi Party and the inner workings of its leadership and perfectly well and you from the very beginning together with those who you were associated with intended to overthrow and later on did overthrow Germany's previous government the primary public art was my firm intention and upon coming to power you immediately abolished parliamentary democratic government in Germany we found out no longer to be necessary is it not true that people subsequently were thrown into concentration camps without recourse from the courts you must distinguish between two categories those who had committed some kind of treason against the new state were naturally turned over to the courts the others whom one might expect such acts but who had not yet committed them such as the functionaries of the communist party who were attacking us in the thousands answer the question thank you I need to explain further well you'll have the opportunity to explain further and re-examination from your own counsel now did you prohibit all court review of the cause for taking people into what you were calling at the time protective custody that I answered very clearly but I should like to make an explanation in connection with my counsel will see to that now about the concentration camps Mr Justice Jack's the Tribunal thinks the witness ought to be allowed to make what explanation he thinks right in answer to this question the Tribunal thinks that you should be permitted to explain your answer now and it will listen to that explanation I want to say that an issue the decree that those who had turned over to the concentration camps should be informed after 24 hours of the reason and allowed an attorney after 48 hours this by no means rescinded my order that a court review of these measures was not permitted by protective custody you mean that you were taking people into custody who had not yet committed a crime but you believed might quite possibly commit a crime in the future yes just as extensive protective measures are being taken in Germany today I didn't answer you about Germany jail Mr Justice Jack's the witness may finish his explanation you say that you were against the attack on Soviet Russia that you gave no warning to the German people you brought no pressure to bear to prevent the attack you did not even resign to protect your place in history we were at war and such differences of opinion could not be brought before the public during war this was the case in your own country as the second president that will suffice I'm not finished secondly your honor please the witness must be allowed to have his say secondly as far as my resignation is concerned I do not wish even to discuss that for I was an officer a soldier I served my country now I ask that is I was not the man to forsake someone to whom I had given my oath of loyalty every time he was not to my way of thinking your honor it never ever occurred to me to leave the Fuhrer Your Honor the witness is adopting a contemptuous attitude toward this Tribunal but giving him the trial that he never gave a living soul nor dead ones either objection your honor I'm ready for the next question I think this is probably a good point to adjourn for the day tough coals from the bench well totally round one think you need anything don't forget I'm here [Music] as the week ends there's a consensus among all present that Herman Goering now appears to be in control of the court will Jackson will anyone be able to stop him yes Father you know judge I didn't leave Supreme Court to come here for did by a fellow countryman that sounds like sour grapes very young to come so an outsider it might appear like you were deliberately trying to sabotage me you gave Goering an open forum during direct examination I must be able to control him during crawl listen Bob just accept the fact that you weren't at the top of your game today you have the weekend to prepare for the next round make good use of it [Music] not hungry sir oh that's which side to II did you hear what I said I reply when he asked me why I did not resign I lectured him about loyalty you should have seen Jackson's face his face so totally fallen concept to him you know I didn't know better I would say Jackson was with you no no keep it keep it my initials see engraved that's real nice I'm never gonna forget this I know reluctant I know huh sit oh you know my friends call me texts all right tags let me tell you something Tex America was soon down that they are back in their home philosophy here we should both be together fighting the forces of communism you think mommy you think yeah yeah yeah I think we both think huh yeah I'd like to dictate a telegram president harry s truman in the white house mr. president please accept my resignation as chief prosecutor for the Nuremberg trials but and appoint a replacement at the earliest possible Bob I'm not writing this I won't you saw today that I'm not up to this task now I could stay that of pride and unravel everything that we've all worked so hard to accomplish here or I could step aside Bob you are this trial everything it is everything it represents is from inside you your thoughts your value my tasted failure today and realize what that would mean that I looked at myself but to everyone connected with this proceeding the only way they can triumph over you is if their values are stronger than yours if they believe in their ideals more than you believe in yours is that true this Hermann Goering actually believed in his ideals more than you believed in yours [Music] [Music] you're right welcome by some and every event homes are [Music] now look yeah what what happened wasn't entirely your fault God knows I'd be hard pressed to defeat it clever defendant who allowed to say whatever he wants for as long as he wants well now that you've finished with the niceties let's have the truth well it was very damaging rumors when you've introduced this trial from a position of moral superiority and as a result you've become its chief symbol now if you can't maintain that or if the balance shifts ever so slightly it could be a disaster Hermann Goering is using this trial to present himself as a philosopher Statesman on the level of Hitler do you see Goering as a statesman no I do not I see him as reprehensible as inhuman and treat him as such freedom as the vile conniving bloody fascist bastard that he is all right where the hell is he he'll be here mr. chief prosecutor if you'll read from the very beginning you regarded the elimination of the Jews from the economic life of Germany is under your jurisdiction did you not yeah elimination from economic life that is partly correct large industries also armed industries under Jewish direct was that the first of your legal measures against the Jews I believe removal from office was first in 1933 then in 1936 you personally drafted an act making it punishable by death to transfer property abroad that is correct and another that all damage caused to Jewish property but the anti-jewish riots of 1938 must be repaired by Jews at their own expense what their insurance claims forfeited to the Reich I did sign a similar law well it's exactly the same way did you not say about those riots did you not say I wish you had killed 200 Jews instead of destroying such valuables that was said in a moment of that temper and extreme excitement spontaneous sincerity in other words did you not also personally sign in to Korea in September 1944 during seizure of old Jewish property in Poland I assume so if that decree is there and another which provided the Jews receive no compensation for damages caused by enemy attacks or by German forces if the law bears my name then it must be so did this your signature it appears to be is it or is it not your signature it is your signature on a decree dated July 1941 asking him ler and Heydrich and the SS to make plans for the final solution of the Jewish Question that is not a proper translation I said total solution not the final solutions are your words to him I charge you to send me before long and overall plan concerning the organizational factual and material measures necessary for the desired solution of the Jewish Question is that an accurate translation of what is written in this order from you to Heydrich and Himmler that had to do with integration and evacuation of the jail you ordered all other government agencies to cooperate with the SS in the final solution of the Jewish Question did you not there's nothing in there about the SS this document states you personally ordered all government agencies to cooperate with the SS you sent this letter to SS gruppenfuhrer - that doesn't mean that the SS had anything to do with the solution to the Jewish Question would you mind repeating that I must say this clearly I did not know anything that took place or the methods that were used in the concentration camps later these things were kept secret for me and I might add that in my opinion even the Fuhrer did not know the extent to what was happening witness there is evidence before this court that nearly 10 million people have been exterminated murdered in cold blood you mean to say that you did not and in your opinion Hitler did not know what took place in the concentration camps you know that Hitler said in 1943 in a recorded meeting I read you his words now quote the Reich's Minister of Foreign Affairs declared that the Jews should be exterminated or taken to concentration camps there is no other possibility the Minister of Foreign Affairs Ribbentrop talked with Hitler about extermination and you were above Ribbentrop you were Hitler's second-in-command you were in charge of the economic 4-year plan so you knew all about the gold wedding rings and the gold teeth and the gold eyeglasses that the victims left behind and you have heard that it took five extra minutes to kill the women because they had to cut their hair off to be used in making mattresses and nothing was told to you about this material that came from these people that had been murdered no no how can you imagine such a thing I was laying down on the broad outlines of the German economy witness is excused I'm not finished witness is excused the witness is excused [Music] [Music] know what would have been a great touch hermann goering showing up in the Santa Fe probably do it after all he was the third rice chief ball vivan jersey pictures of Goering at Hitler's mountain retreat dressed like a Tyrolean chorus boy a dozen grotesque operetta [Music] leaving so soon some of the defendants asked me to come by tonight when Christmas Eve chat with their rabbi you know the trial is about to enter a new phase a very important one in which the defendants will have to choose between stonewalling and evading or taking responsibility for their actions no you well the best chance we have to influence that choice here husband row house it is something wrong don't ask me to surf the Russians please there are guests my son was killed on the Russian front ok I'll take care of this go to the kitchen try these little sausage things general forget what frown also calls them but I hear they're mighty tasty madam 20 million of my people were killed by the Germans you think I could be offended by the snub of hausfrau I don't know what to think general frankly I can't keep track of all the politics in his room don't disappear in a crowd dude he suffered more in this war than any other country must been doubly painful to attract such sympathy and Jackson decreed no wives could come along quite nicely for him wouldn't you [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] this is a very nice gesture I figure it's probably the last Christmas coming [Music] I'm so glad that you are here please that's it I'm not the only one I can IET talk to but you don't talk to me field marshal not really I tell you everything about my family yes but not about you I would like to understand how a man like you a man of your background could have drafted an instrument like the command to order allied soldiers found behind enemy lines were shot rather than captured or the night and fog decree suspected resistance members were arrested in the middle of the night and secretly murdered because of you I know I am dying of shame don't you think it's time you admitted that to the rest of the world [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] we're signing orders that broke international laws and treaties how could you not question what you were doing does a lieutenant say to his captain just a minute sir I have to consult the hague convention to see if I am allowed to carry out your orders if we had disobeyed we would have been arrested under eglise and you realize without the support of his generals Harry ertle Hitler could not have waged war it is a soldier's duty to obey orders that is a code I have lived by all my life and that code extends to the people who ran the death camps [Music] I'm sorry sir oh thanks thanks my friend come in thank you I know that Christmas time can be a longer thing away from home Merry Christmas reichsmarschall Oh oh my what luxury so what would you be doing now back in Texas Oh on Christmas morning we open our presents and I go to church and after that we head over to Grandma and Grandpa's for a big roast turkey dinner after that dad grandpa and me we go out back hunting for pheasant quail ah hunting hunting was my passion I was Germany's chief gamekeeper no kidding oh the shooter no my estates Karen Hall was wonderful did Hitler ever go hunting with you I shouldn't tell you this but Hitler did not approve of hunting he felt that killing animals was immoral he was a vegetarian yeah yeah but that did not stop him from being the most gracious host in Europe ah he's dinner parties with legend or was the finest caviar champagne although he did not partake he was not in Parliament he would dazzle his guests with every view under the Sun until dawn I remember I remember once we were celebrating the triumph of compiègne where we savor the sweet revenge of the french having surrendered in the very same railway car that the germans have capitulated in in 1918 I must have been Sultan oh it was believe me it was you know thanks I have made my career as a military man and I have to say you remind me of some of the finest young German soldiers who served under me thank you hello America as Christmas descends upon this sad and broken city I'm here inside her great Palace of Justice and on this Christmas Eve as we're filled with thoughts of peace on earth it is here that the future of peace may well be determined airphone Ribbentrop would you agree that as foreign minister you force Czechoslovakia to surrender its territory by the most intolerable threats of aggression I do not agree were you threatened to send your army in in overwhelming strength and also bombed Prague what further pressure could you possibly have put upon war for instance whoa what is that but war Livan dropship a and what is stupidity that is the greatest crime of all in your newspaper her striker you wrote that the Jews are a nation of blood suckers and extortionists do you think that that's preaching race hatred no I do not think it's preaching hatred it is simply a snake dr. funk you were president of the Reich Bank during the war I was yes and you accepted unusual deposits into your bank didn't you I do not know what you referred to I am referring to deposits sent to you by the SS from concentration camps I I have no knowledge side the Reich bank vaults there were literally piles of jewelry gold watches gold earrings gold eyeglass frames and gold teeth many people deposits valuables in the bank and the bank is not required to look into them prior to 1939 exactly how many of your customers deposited their teeth into your bank you've heard a guard Mauthausen concentration camp testify that you watched while a gas chamber was demonstrated on inmates I never set foot in mouth housing and we have heard eyewitness testimony from three people that you were at Mauthausen three times and before he died the commandant at Mauthausen signed this statement that you ordered him to put sixty-five thousand Jews in a tunnel and seal it off rather than allow them to be liberated by the Allies it's not is it not a fact that you are simply lying to the tribunal about this as you have lied about everything else in your testimony [Music] Calvin Bruner has asked the Commandant of Auschwitz to testify in his defense if that's a joke I don't get it I don't get it either but it's no joke the British haven't been custody and they've agreed to transfer him here to testify maybe Kaltenbrunner just figures to look better by comparison wait a minute we're not really gonna allow this are we let the guy walk in say God knows what on the stand give Colton burner an alibi might be a cheap price to pay though for the opportunity to cross-examine him later on during the entire time you were Kommandant of auschwitz did else carton burner ever visit the camp no not once never thank you one minute please mr. house how long were you the Commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp from the beginning and what was its purpose at that time to house prisoners who are being held in protective custody and after that I was called to Berlin by my boss Rajveer AHIMA in 1941 and he informed me that the Fuhrer had ordered the final solution of the Jewish Question I was not sure what I was supposed to do so Adolphe iseman advised me to visit a camp at Treblinka to learn from its operation and what did you learn there actually I was not impressed it was taking the Commandant there six months to eliminate 80,000 Jews using monoxide gas I had a better idea one of my outwits guards had accidentally sniffed a chemical disinfectant called cyclone bay and that passed out immediately it occurred to me if a little of this chemical killed lies enough perhaps would kill a human I tested it on Soviet prisoners of war locked in a home and it worked within 3 to 15 minutes they were dead and then I built gas chambers to accommodate 2,000 inmates at a time compared to Treblinka 200 and I built for large ovens to cremate the remains it became possible to eliminate 10,000 people in 24 hours but that was a peak operation which was exhausting for my staff on the average we would dispatch 2,000 people a day how many men did it take to dispatch 2,000 people a day I had a staff of approximately 3,000 men and during your tenure at Auschwitz how many people did you dispose of in this fashion approximately two and a half million no further questions I wish to make this clear I did not tolerate Quechua to school T my men were there to exterminate people not torment them any misconduct by the guards was punished I can assure you witness is excused Court is adjourned until nine o'clock tomorrow morning my life was entirely normal even while doing this extermination work I would say I led a perfectly normal family life how would you describe that life I've always been happiest alone I never had any real intimacy with my parents my sister haven't done do you feel that the Jews you murdered deserved their fate I have always been taught that the Jew was an enemy of Germany so when you were ordered to turn your prison camp into a death camp you never once thought what you were doing was wrong I was an SS man we were trained to obey orders without thinking does a ratcatcher think it is wrong to kill rats [Music] [Music] a rat catcher catching rats is that the kind of thinking it takes to carry out state sanctioned mass murder not just blind obedience but also a belief that your victims are not human let me ask you this what was for Oshima was it not your medical experiment what Americans dropped bombs as easily on Germany as it did upon Japan killing as many civilians as possible I think not to an American sensibility a Caucasian child is considerably more human than a Japanese child America was at war with Japan a country that had attacked it without provocation you murdered millions of your own citizens and what about the American citizens of the Japanese race but we'll put into protective custody in your own concentration camps that was wrong and why was this not done to American citizens of Italian and German descent I said it was wrong what about the Negro officers in your own army are they allowed to command troops in combat can they sit on the same basis as the whites the segregation laws in your country and the anti-semitic laws in mine are there not just a difference of degree let me tell you from the beginning of the century through the first war until the rise of Hitler the free masonry of the Jewish merchants consistently undermined the German economy and the nationhood not the fatherland that is why we made anti-semitic laws and why you my friend can never understand anti-semitism why because you [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] his defense counsel ready to proceed whether you order house out there for March 1942 you wouldn't charge of procuring labor for the war effort alright yeah you are aware that it was a crime under the Hague Convention to forcibly deport citizens of other countries to Germany as workers yep how many foreign workers came into Germany cheering your tenure rocks ugly five media knows I'm a foreign gentleman that's 20,000 did you issue exist electives calling for a decent treatment I did yeah our cities be marked as exhibits and accepted into evidence so ordered that's outdoor who ordered you to procure these workers spare hour but spare minister of armaments if you've orders to you yeah and you have to obey them yeah every worker you brought in it was under spares orders it was [Music] no this is unorthodox mr. duck to request an audience with you the man assigned to cross-examine me well there's nothing very Orthodox about this whole trial dr. spear my lawyer has been trying to talk me out of confessing to war crimes that might incur the death penalty but I do not wish to hide the truth just to save my life only to hate myself for the rest of their life well I wish the other defendants shared that view some of them do but many are still in the gern's influence he's a chief rival for the souls of the other defendants if I may put it so traumatically Goering was cross-examined by the chief prosecutor justice Jackson well I am to be trusted by you a subordinate this difference has been noticed by the other defendants and they arise it puts me in an inferior stage mr. Goering that's a peculiar measure of status dr. Safir not to a German war criminal I hope you don't have a problem with it no no no I got no ego riding on this I'll present your request to my superior mr. Jackson look despair did you disapprove of South Coast recruitment of Labor on the contrary I was grateful to softly for every worker he provided whenever we fail to meet armament quarters because of shortage of workers I don't blame soldier do you wish to limit your responsibilities to your own particular sphere avert no this war has brought an inconceivable catastrophe as an important member of the leadership of the Reich I share in the total responsibility for the disaster of the German people but dr. spear near the end of the war did you not refuse to carry out Hitler's order to raise Germany to the ground I have no intention of using my actions during their phase of the war to help me in my personal defense but I would like those who said in judgment of me to understand that period in March of 1945 Hitler intended deliberately to destroy the means of life for his own people if the war were lost he said let the Allies conquer nothing but ashes but you resisted his wishes sending him instead this memorandum lead it to the port please nobody has the right to destroy industrial plants coal mines electrical plants and other facilities we have no right to carry out destruction which might affect the life of the people sent people were shot for disagreeing with Hitler is this true does it happen and yet not only did you disagree with him but early in 1945 you actually made a plan to assassinate Hitler is that not so yes it is so this so because of what I feel does his insane destructiveness what did you do what was your plan am you of an air intake shaft in the reich chancellery garden that ventilated the fuel bunker below i went to the head of my munitions department and said there's only one way to end this war and asked him to get me a poison gas to drop into the ventilating system but the next time I went there they had built a 12-foot chimney protecting the ventilator and there's s cots were patrolling there so it came to nothing mister chief prosecutor dr. Spier you acknowledge responsibility for Germany's large policies but not for the details occurred in their execution is that a fair statement of your position yes sir very fair may I ask the witness a question in order to clarify this answer please you may you want to acknowledge guilt under criminal law or do you wish to record an historical responsibility before your own people and before history the question is a very difficult one to answer it is actually one which the tribunal will decide and its verdict [Music] you would assassinate the Fuehrer I tell you this you coward if you get out of this alive you put together our own court then execute you for treason it's a German officer I consider it my duty to answer for all I have done it will not always be possible to survive guilt from the fires of Destiny but the men in the front lines cannot be charged with guilt for how the highest leaders hijacked responsibility that is wrong it was my guilty unworthy which I carried before God and the entire German nation that I hated the youth of Germany for a man who I considered to be an impeccable leader and head of state but I hated the youth of Germany for a man thousand years who committed murder a million for Mance's guilt of Germany will not yet be erased [Music] the prisoners aren't allowed visitors like spaghetti this is his daughter no exceptions ma'am Frogger okay hi my name is captain Gilbert hello nice to meet you would you have a moment to spend with me [ __ ] yes we good this is ADA hello ADA captain Goomer do you like chocolate [Music] [Applause] it's been very difficult via these last few months especially with you little girl it could have been worse I suppose Hitler could have survived you've obviously come to terms with the truth I only wish your husband could do the same but he persists and remaining loyal to Hitler's memory yes you cannot understand it either such loyalty man who wanted us dead I'm sorry Hitler ordered all of us to be shot Harriman myself not precious child that is why we surrender to the Americans why else would we have done such a thing I went through my notes last night I've spent all these months trying to find a way inside their minds hoping to understand how those people could commit such atrocities against my people I believe there are a couple of factors that explain a lot of it first Germany is a country where people do what they're told you obey your parents teachers clergymen superior officers you're raised from childhood not to question authority so when Hitler comes to power he has an entire nation that believes it's perfectly natural to do whatever he says second propaganda for years Germans have been bombarded with ideas like Jews are not real human beings or they're a corruption of the race so when the government says it's permissible to deny Jews their rights and then says it's imperative to kill these inferior people they comply even if they've been your friends or neighbors anything else I told you once that I was searching for the nature of evil I think I've come close to defining it a lack of empathy it's a one characteristic that connects all the defendants a genuine incapacity to feel with their fellow man evil I think is he absence of empathy I call on the chief prosecutor that is closing argument mr. president and members of the tribunal it is impossible in summation to do more than outlined with bold strokes the vitals of this trials mad and melancholy record for no time as if a witnessed slaughter on such a grand scale such cruelties and in humanities such wholesale deportations of peoples into slavery such annihilations of minorities events which will live is the historical text of the 20th century's shame and depravity terror was the order of the day civilians were arrested without charges committed without counsel executed without hearing villages were destroyed the male inhabitants shot was sent to forced labor and the children scattered abroad but Nazi movement will be of evil memory in history because of its persecution of the Jews the most far-flung and terrible racial persecution of all time so thorough and uncompromising was this program that the Jews of Europe as a race no longer exist thus fulfilling the diabolic prophecy of Adolf Hitler at the beginning of the war generations to come we'll remember this decade if we cannot eliminate the course and prevent the repetition of these barbaric events this century may yet succeed and bringing the doom of civilization the time has come for final judgment and if the case that I present seems hard and uncompromising then it is only because the evidence makes it so a glance of the doc will show the despite quarrels among themselves each defendant played a part that fitted in with every other and all advanced a common plan it was these men among millions of others and it was these men leading millions of others who built Adolf Hitler they intoxicated him he with the psychopathic personality with power in hide ulation they fed his hates and aroused his fears they put a loaded gun in his eager hands it was left to Hitler to pull the trigger and when he did they all at that time applauded Hitler's guilt Stan's admitted by some defendants reluctantly by some vindictively but Hitler's guilt is the guilt of the whole doc and of every man in it these defendants now ask this Tribunal to say they are not guilty of planning executing or conspiring to commit this long list of crimes and norms they stand before the record of this Tribunal is blood-stained Gloucester stood by the body of his slain King he begged the widow as they beg of you say I slew them not and the Queen replied then say they are not slain but dead they are if you were to say of these men that they are not guilty it would be as true to say that there has been no war there are no slain there has been no crime [Music] captain Jews escalate fight for homeland ironic well after everything that's happened over the past ten years I don't blame the Jews for wanting a homeland one of the many ripples we'll see from this war and from this trial Shelley yeah the defendants may now make their final statements defendant Herman Goering this has been a poor excuse for a trial but firstly I must reiterate my lack of knowledge for these terrible mass murders which I cannot begin to understand and furthermore I condemn wholeheartedly as to the trial the statement of the defendants were accepted as true only when they supported the prosecution they were treated as perjury when they refuted the indictment this is not a basis of proof why am I in the dock being treated as a common criminal I said my judges have no illusions since the three greatest powers on earth together with other nations for against us we finally were conquered by tremendous enemy superiority justice as absolutely nothing to do with this trial defendant albert speer how could so advanced so cultured so sophisticated a nation as Germany have fallen under Hitler's demonic sway the explanation is modern communications no longer does a leader have to delegate authority of far to subordinates exercising independent judgment given modern communications that Hitler can rule directly and personally thus the more technical developer comes the more individual freedom and the self rule of mankind becomes essential this war has ended on the note of radio-controlled rockets aircraft approaching the speed of sound submarines and torpedoes which can find their own targets atom bombs and the horrible prospect of chemical warfare in five to ten years this kind of warfare will offer the possibility of firing rockets from continent to continent with uncanny precision through the Smashing of the atom it will be possible to destroy a million people in New York City in a matter of seconds with the rocket serviced by perhaps ten men a new large-scale war will end with a destruction of human culture and civilization that is why this trial must contribute to the prevention of such wars in the future a nation believing in its future will never perish may God protect Germany and the culture of the West we are agreed three or four votes will be required for the finding of guilty agreed agreed now if the judgment is dest might we not consider the firing squad for the military defendants I disagree most strongly the bullet is for the Honorable adversary not the butcher's I say hanging I agree agreed we will take the defendants in the order they were indicted Gary [Music] Bravo [Music] [Music] let's talk that you will only hang them I will be hanged but I assure you that I pledged perhaps the court will send you to an island like Elba and we could join you there [Music] go on eat eat do you think that we would be allowed to take some of the food home with us I think you are loved the Charter clearly states that following orders may be considered in mitigation of punishment maybe not must be you have become such beautiful young ladies so when are they going to shoot you papa on spark is the most tragic figure in my view his penetrance is obviously real it would be a meaningful gesture for us spare his life no he should hang each defendant will stand as his name is called to hear the judgments on the four counts applicable to him and the sentence if found guilty on any of the counts the counts numbered one through four are conspiracy to commit aggression the commission of aggression crimes in the conduct of warfare and crimes against humanity defendant Hermann Goering the tribunal finds you guilty on all four counts and sentences you to death by hanging Rudolf Hess on the charges of crimes against humanity the tribunal finds you not guilty but we find you guilty on counts one and two and thereby sentence you to imprisonment for life Admiral Wilhelm Keitel guilty on all four counts the tribunal sentences you to death by hanging defendant Hans Frank tribunal finds you guilty on counts three and four and sentences you to death by hanging Julius Streicher guilty on count for crimes against humanity death by hanging defendant shocked the Tribunal has come to the conclusion that the evidence against Hjalmar Schacht has not been established beyond a reasonable doubt and therefore finds that shocked is not guilty on this indictment quiet please the defendant Cal doughnuts guilty on counts 2 & 3 the tribunal sentences you to 10 years imprisonment foreign minister von Ribbentrop guilty on all four counts the tribunal sentences you to death by hanging and kellton Brannon guilty on counts 3 & 4 the tribunal sentences you to death by hanging Baldur von Schirach guilty on count for 20 years in prison alfred yodel on all four counts guilty death by hanging hands future not guilty mom's mom happened not guilty Walther funk guilty on counts two three and four the tribunal sentenced you to imprisonment for life defendant fritz occur guilty on counts three and four death by hanging defendant Albert Speer the tribunal finds you not guilty on counts one and two but you have been found guilty on counts three and four Albert's fear the court sentences you to 20 years imprisonment the work of this Tribunal is now complete [Music] [Applause] [Music] Leyden - my dear tax why this long face mmm I were not told who was a special place in Valhalla waiting for me I don't know I just thought things might have turned out differently that's all well you know they might have done but for one very unfortunate thing those mass murders I must tell you I could not see their purpose they were absolutely unnecessary they made no sense from a nationalistic point of view our legacy has been forever tainted but make no mistake everything Hitler did before the war was right the German people knew it and one day they will eventually remember it and you must remember it too my dear tax when you remember me remember that ya know the practical matters there are few things I want to give you no sir please please hmm where I'm going I must travel light it's inscribed see it's my name the few valuables I have they are in my blue briefcase in the baggage room can you retrieve that for me my dear Tex yes sir [Music] [Applause] [Music] I have only one question to ask you there's absolutely no possibility that I may be allowed to face a firing squad and die a soldier's death none justice well they had the Americans have very poor shots now if you'll excuse me I must surrender for the rest of my life Erik's Marshall people will ask me what your final thoughts were we'll have nothing to tell them you can tell them this I say for now and all time but farness will impose the sentence upon me may murder me but they have no right to judge me that I deny them no it must excuse me if I do have to write this letter thank you my one not only sweetheart my life came to an end when I bought you farewell for the last time do not grieve my dearest one since then I have felt at peace with myself and consider my death a deliverance all my thoughts are with you and our own dear sweet child my last heartbeats of our great and eternal love [Music] [Music] you know man you got what you want I got it sir gentlemen follow me [Music] [Music] get dressed [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] cyanide [Music] state your name pri keep fun even up give anything to say my last wish has died germany realised its destiny I wish peace to the world [Music] you have anything to say now join my sons Dutchman do bear-alis [Music] [Music] I'm dying an innocent man I ask God to accept me this mercy [Music] [Laughter] all cleaned out every cells to be scrubbed clean of things to be left Thanks you know when we get home we've got some decisions to make personal just say Bob let's just wait so you know girl you do you know it may sound strange but I can't help feeling a touch sentimental about all this I understand I got a letter from a friend today saying that because of what we've done here none of it can ever happen again what do you think we can hope coming [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] you

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Length: 179min 56sec (10796 seconds)

Published: Wed Feb 14 2018