M1 Garand vs M14 (M1A)

hello and welcome back I am Chris with marksman shooting sports in Westfield Indiana and you are watching marksman TV today I have a view of the age-old discussion the m1 garand versus the m14 where the development of the m1 garand into the m14 is primarily what this video is going to cover so we're going to start off with historical context development of the m1 going into the m14 and then when the m14 ceases production as the m16 comes onboard and then a point by point comparison of the two anyway if that all sounds interesting to you please stick around that's coming up now ok so let's start this off by doing a very quick abridged history of the two of these starting of course with the inland garand so this was designed by French Canadian John C garand of course everybody says garand now he would have worked with Springfield Armory throughout the 1920s and would have helped development of what would later become the u.s. rifle caliber 30 M 1 or the m1 garand as we know it today now at that time throughout the 1920s the United States military was looking in transitioning from a traditional bolt-action to a semi automatic design throughout the 20s and then into the early 30s there were trials of which the biggest competitors to the m1 garand would have been a submission or early prototype semi-automatic rifles from Thompson and also the Peterson semi-automatic rifle design now eventually of course the m1 garand would win in the begin production in 1937 by Springfield they would have 1st from 1937 to 1940 come out with a variation of what was known as the gas trap garand which is a little bit of a different operating system you've had sort of a scoop shaped device up here at the at the front of the gas system which would trap and redirect gases as they expanded outside the muzzle back through the gas system and then run a piston you know from here back it was pretty much the same design but there was a lot of changes up here to the front now in 1940 was redesigned the bang or I'm sorry the gas trap system was removed and they came up with a traditional gas block system by replacing the front sight the gas block in the barrel so from 1940 through the inner production it would stay in that configuration in any the gas trap produced quran's what of course gone back and gotten retrofitted if you have or know of a unmodified unmolested gas trap in one Koran those are worth a phenomenal amount of money because they are very uncommon today and now shortly after this redesign in 1940 Winchester would have been awarded a contract to help production and the Springfield in Winchester would have been the manufacturers of the m1 garand throughout the remainder of World War two ending in about 1945 now shortly after the end of World War two of course in 1950 we have the starting of the Korean War conflict ranging from 1950 to 1953 now in 1953 you have two other firms coming on board you have hnr which is Harrington at Richardson and then you have IH C which is International Harvester corporation now Winchester cease production at the end of World War Two and 1945 but Springfield would resume production in 1952 and then total production of the inland garand would stop in 1957 so again Winchester stops in 1945 Springfield hnr an International Harvester stop in 1957 now the m1 garand would stay in service of course we had it through World War two Korea and even into Vietnam and it would stay in general Arsenal use I mean even today their use in limited circumstances for training implements you know ceremonial reasons things like that but by and large their combat service would cease in 1957 at large now just two years later we do have the adoption of the m14 and actually what this is as a springfield armory modern springfield armory which is not the same as the old u.s. arsenal in 1a you that I have sort of converted into an m14 sort of design now this was actually manufactured in the 1919 90s it is a pre ban and what would be known as the golden era to Springfield m1a collectors which where these were pretty much made on all surplus and fourteen parts so this is pretty much made on all TRW parts except for the receiver which is cast by Springfield so it's about as close as we can get now there were some other manufacturers which would come out with a milled receiver sort of civilian version and fourteen which you can get on the market today those are going to run you about $3,000 ish new which are really nice fact similes of the original m14 and those are designed to look more like the m14 of course in the Springfield lineup you have the National Match variants and the loaded models and stuff like that but the point of this video is not to talk about the civilian in 14 but I just wanted to give you that brief overview so in the inter period between the m1 garand and the m14 what did the Ordnance Department learn why did we go to the revisions we see in the m14 and I'll talk about specifically those revisions in a minute so in the Korean War of course the United States is fighting the Chinese and the Chinese were very prone to doing these a large-scale frontal as solids on usually fortified lines a semi-automatic battle rifle was not as conducive to a more frontal assault type widespread conflict sort of engagement type that we saw in Korea furthermore after World War two NATO had done testing to determine that statistically in a skirmish the side that was like that was able to produce a higher volume of fire not necessarily accurate fire but a higher volume of fire in general was able to was statistically more likely to win in a sort of a combat scenario so taking these two schools of thought we move into the ordnance wanting to move into a fully automatic or select fire battle rifle that put the machine gun capabilities into the hand of each single you know each single GI or make them up their own sort of fighting force to amplify the volume of fire that's able to be produced now along with that we have in the ordnance we have a huge variety of different weapons we have the grease gun which is standard at the time as the submachine gun we have the 1919 a 4 and a 6 is the standard-issue belt-fed though the light and medium machine guns we have the Browning var as the squad automatic rifle we have the m1 garand we have the m1 carbine and the idea was to take all these firearms and reduce them into one package that we could issue to everybody so this was going to serve as a light machine gun the medium machine gun the infantry rifle submachine gun the carbine it was do it all so everything was scaled down pretty much into this package now the UM garand was chambered in 36 the m14 chambered in 308 or 765 51 NATO so it was a sort of a at the time during the sort of interwar period the 1950s 1969 war if I'm talking between about World War 2 and Vietnam we have most of the world going to a battle rifle configuration with the 762 NATO being the standard so you have the l1a1 and britain the variations of the FAL being developed all over the world like I said Britain Australia Germany with the g3 you have Spain with the semi model C so everybody's going to this standard 76051 in the US would follow suit adopting it in the m14 during the trials it was it was actually looking probable that the US would have gone to an FAL variant but instead they went with the m14 design now there are basically some subtle changes where you move from the m1 garand into the m14 7 the big ones obviously being that the m14 is designed to take a detachable box magazine 20 rounds here instead of an eighth round m block clip and here is an example of that 8 round clip so that would be inserted through the top and go right here it was internally seated on this M block clip when once your eighth round was expended the clip would fly out the top giving you the iconic pink noise that we all sort of equate with the m1 garand rifle again like I said m14 detachable box magazine so it made not only the capacity higher about reloads much faster the other big difference we already covered was the moving from a cinema semi-automatic only to a select fire so now fully automatic and then the other thing is sort of the changing up of the gas system which I'm going to bring this in for a point by point comparison and show you that a little bit closer so you do have the gas block working on a gas system right back here gas system right underneath the barrel and now on the m14 everything has moved a little bit rearward the front of the barrel is all more open on the m14 design you have the adoption of a muzzle brake again I'm going to go over this in a little bit of detail as we get into the close-ups so other than that internally they're very similar they're gas operated with a rotating locking bolt so from adoption 1959 until about 1960 to 1963 we started seeing the m14 phased out with the early adoptions and the early variants of the m16 the m16a1 which would be like the early 604 the early 603 being the ex m16a1 so the m16 variants when it was finally officially replaced by the m16 and 1967 so this would make the m14 the shortest-lived surface rifle in US history at about seven to nine years now of course its standard issue would stop being replaced with the m16 variants in these in the sort of mid to late 60s but the m14 has actually stayed in service even until today usually taking on more of a DMR designated marksman role ancillary support for force multipliers you usually see them in the e RB stock configurations today so they are still in limited use and they still are in inventory with the US military okay so let's go ahead and get into the side-by-side starting off with the e weight of the m1 garand rifle so we are at ten pounds six point six ounces and then the m14 ten pounds 1.5 ounces so we are about five ounces lighter on the m14 keep in mind a 20 round magazine as compared to an eighth round so with the added ammunition and their that a pride pretty much be a wash on the the weight so pretty similar in terms of weight so the m1 garand has a 24 inch barrel and the import team has a 22 inch barrel so we are two inches light are two inches shorter here now the muzzle brake on the m14 is about two inches so with that we have the similar width and barrel profile let's go ahead and take a look at the overall length m1 grand is at forty three and a half and the m14 is at forty four and a quarter so just a little bit longer on the m14 profile so similar in weight is similar in size there are length again two inches shorter on the m1 garand I'm sorry two inches shorter on the m14 with a two inch muzzle break giving it the same barrel profile so bringing in the garand a little bit closer for comparison you are going to see two protecting ears on the front sight with a front and blade there is no type of muzzle break so up here is the sort of the gas plug which you do need a tool to remove that and to access you can take that off and then you can take off the whole front gas assembly in front sight base which allows you access to the handguard here now this is the gas block as well so gases as the round travels through here gases are redirected through the gas block and then down through the gas tube which rents are action which when we get to disassembly I'll show you that a little bit more and moving back there is a three it's a three piece stock set where you have a handguard piece here which is its own unique piece you have a handguard piece here which is its own unique piece and then you have the stock here now the front end of the m14 is very iconic of course you have little protective ears on the front sight which is a front post again there is the about two inch long flash hider there now on the commercial m1 days after the assault weapons ban like production up until today you're not going to find the bayonet lug so if you see a bayonet lug on an m1 a like this you know it is either a pre being gun or somebody has retrofitted an original side base the barrel of course is like we talked about before you don't have any type of handguard set up here and the gas plug has moved all the way towards the back which comes down here there's your gas plug gas tube runs underneath the stock this is a two-piece stock set with your walnut or birch stock here and then this is sort of a a5 right or if you will a bakelite type handguard okay now let's move back into the actions of both and actually from a top view they're going to look very similar of course you have the m1 garand here and then the m14 /m 1a here so this is the operating rods last charging handle which is the same on both rotating bolt on both and then the rear sight apertures of the same this is a peep sight and all of your windage and elevation adjustments are handled right back here at the back of the rifle manufacturers markings are going to be back here now as we talked about the inland garand was manufactured by Springfield Winchester hnr and International Harvester locally in the United States of course beretta would have made some of these you know in Italy and that's all kind of a whole other story and then these would have been made by Springfield Winchester H & R and then TR W which is Thompson ROM Oh Woodrow GT RW is the colloquy we known term from my collectors this actually has this is a Springfield modern commercial Springfield manufactured receiver which is a cast part but all the other internals are actually made by TRW that's the bolt carrier the bowl at the AH prod of barrows colección Illinois and then the trigger control group now moving to the back the back of the stock configuration is also very similar you're going to have a trapdoor on both now the iconic thing about the m14 is the infamous shoulder thing that goes up it's basically this was derived because again remember the m14 was going to also serve in the light machine then roll so to give a little bit more support to your you know if you're running this in a fully automatic fire with a bipod now the BA R had this exact type of shoulder attachment on it which is kind of where they got this design so it really goes to prove that this is meant to be a squad automatic rifle if you will and to work in that role okay let's go ahead and get into disassembly starting here with the Inlander and of course you're going to start by checking that your come wheel and I'll show you the bolt will lock open to the rear talking about loading you'll put your M box in block clip right down here push it into place and then when you move I'm actually not doing this with live ammo but you'll that'll push forward now that if you push it down here and your thumbs in the way that will close on your hand giving you the popular coran thumb you'll basically put in your ammunition with your the flat of your hand holding back the operating rod when it's everything's pushed in and starts to move forward like this it'll be held kind of slightly back by the first round you can either just let go if it'll push it by itself or you may have to help push it into place but that's basically your assembly there now from this position let me go ahead and you can lay it on its back you're gonna pull back on the trigger card and here I'll show you there's a little milled ring here this is a milled part there's a ring here that was so you could stick the tip of a bullet in there and help to use it as leverage later m1 Garands late 1944-45 would go to a stamp version without that ring which is also the same version used by the m14 throughout the entirety of its production so I'll show you that in a minute on the m14 but anyway grab and pull back that'll allow the trigger guard to sort of swing open you can grab that and that takes out your entire fire control group from there that was the only thing mating the stock to their receiver so you can go ahead and pull up on this talk and set it aside and then there is the disassembled m1 garand you can't go a little bit of a step further you can remove the guy brought in spring you can remove the operating rod and then the bolt I'm not going to do that but as you can see the operating rod sort of acts as a piston like a long stroke gas piston which connects up here to the front of the gas box when gases are reverted down here it'll push on this piston rod that I'm moving right here which actually your operating rod which moves your bolt carrier back and forth okay let's go ahead and take a look at the disassembly of the m14 now this is going to function very much like the m1 garand where when it's empty a well lock open like this now attached here you would actually could have a stripper clip guy this does not happen on that you would remove that in order to put on a scope mount so previous owner of would have taken that off but you could actually top this off with stripper clips or you could just remove the mag entirely and then put a new loaded magazine that I'll drop just like that again rotating locking bolts just like on the m1 garand now just like on the m1 here is the trigger guard and I'll bring this end that is the later stamped version so they'll eight and one gurans would have the same thing there's no little little assistant ring a few well in the back this would have been stamped and all of the m14 zode have had this type of trigger guard so with that out of the way let's go ahead and you're going to pull back and then up just like on the m1 garand and this is very tight and then that will allow you to lift up and out your trigger group then from there you can go ahead and lift the stalk and that was in there tight there we go and then from here you can see the operating system is almost exactly the same as on the m14 so gases will come down here into this gas block and actuate this short piston you see moving in there right here which will slam into the ah prod forcing it back into cycle so sort of a short-stroke gas piston operation there so again very similar to the m1 garand anyway guys I will leave you off there again if you have any questions please leave those down in the comment section and if you enjoy this video please let me know by hitting that like button and also consider subscribing to my channel and hitting that Bell notification button so you can see more content as I post it so anyway guys I will leave it off to you there I am Chris with marksman shooting sports in Westfield Indiana you are watching marksmen TV and I will see you next time

Channel: MarksmanTV

Views: 18,804

Rating: 4.9649634 out of 5

Keywords: M1 Garand, M14, .30-06, .308, .762 Nato, comparison, review, usgi, wwii, vietnam, table top

Id: b_43dfGbct0

Length: 18min 40sec (1120 seconds)

Published: Mon Feb 17 2020