Invading Iraq: How Britain & America Got It Wrong Ep 1 (Iraq War Documentary) | Timeline

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it was a war fought to uncover weapons of mass destruction heaven I knew and I'd been told by President Saddam Hussein himself that Iraq did not have any weapons of mass destruction a war in which the British and Americans had expected to be welcomed as liberators there was a belief that they would capitulate as we got closer and that there would not be much of a fight helicopter the land now a war in which the Iraqi army was supposed to switch sides and help run Iraq there was nobody to receive the surrender from we couldn't find them they weren't there a war fought in the name of peace and democracy the technology changes but the true nature of war doesn't and it is not clean it is not antiseptic a war of miscalculations that did much to shape the Iraq of today that planning that we did do was based against a false set of assumptions this is the story of that war and its legacy told by the people who fought it and endured it [Music] two months before war Saddam Hussein met with one of the most senior generals in Iraq's Republican Guard he was the commander whose divisions would defend the approaches to Baghdad rod Maajid al hamd ani was the man America and Britain expected to unleash chemical or biological weapons against their troops except he couldn't have enemy well I said my Surat Annisa della I knew and I'd been told by President Saddam Hussein himself that Iraq did not have any weapons of mass destruction as a commander of a Republican Guard Corps it's highly likely I would have been informed if we had these weapons that didn't happen every official source assured me that in Iraq no one would find evidence of weapons of mass destruction neither chemical or biological because Iraq didn't have any Britain and America were preparing to fight a war whose central justification did not exist much of their intelligence came from Iraqi exile groups who hated sit down privately some intelligence analysts were appalled by the importance politicians gave to these groups I got a call and said hey listen we've got an Iraqi National Congress source and we need you to fly literally around the world and I sat down with this guy and I have to tell you I know more about WMD from my daughter's dirty diapers than this Iraqi National Congress source knew [Music] my fellow citizens Saddam Hussein must leave Iraq within 48 hours it is not too late for the Iraqi military to act with honor and protect your country by permitting the peaceful entry of coalition forces to eliminate weapons of mass destruction Saddam knew the UN had not sanctioned the war he was defined what he said we shall humble the massive armies of the United States at the walls of Baghdad a portico or another I shall then lead you westwards to liberate Palestine and the territories occupied by the Israeli Zionists the coalition clown to begin the innovation with a spectacular opening strike perhaps the largest assassination attempt in history 0r was set for two days after the president's deadline was due to expire this was a direct shot at the Saddam Hussein regime in a direct shot at the bathurst regime in a direct shot at an oppressive regime not the Iraqi people nor their infrastructure our planners were targeting no less than 55 men whose names appeared on what was known as the blacklist one of those who drawn up the list worked at the Pentagon in the Defense Intelligence Agency these 55 guys are basically the Iraqi leadership and the thought is that if we attack and kill some of the folks on the top fifty-five list that the war is either going to be shortened or may stop altogether surprise was crucial through months of painstaking work American intelligence thought they had located where their targets worked by making these strikes the first of the war they hope to catch Saddam's lieutenants before they move to safe locations but then the White House called we had intelligence that there is an opportunity to decapitate the regime to strike and kill Sodom and do we have the assets that we can respond to this very quickly - stealth fighters were prepared a CIA source in Baghdad claimed he'd seen Saddam enter a secret bunker any attack would have to be immediate the other strikes would have to be abandoned the president decided to gamble we were told that the CIA source was without reproach and you know sometimes you just have to take that at face value we knew that it was a high-priority mission with someone on the ground or some somebody some group of people on the ground but we didn't know who it was we attacked the city of one coming in from the east one coming in from the West and we dropped simultaneously on the target just to the side of the river there in Baghdad it was 5:30 in the morning minutes later cruise missiles also hit the target which was in the grounds of the Dora farm complex where Saddam's daughters lived [Applause] the information from CIA was that they had an amazing source and that Saddam Hussein was basically out of business there was a belief at the highest levels of the Pentagon in the White House that we had we had successfully killed Saddam we got him that's it wars over the problem is we didn't get him shortly thereafter Saddam is on television it was the first in a string of intelligence failures and the attack had wrecked the plan to kill other regime leaders once Dora farm was struck the Iraqi leadership knew that the war was on they moved to civilian areas and they basically left all of those places that were at the top levels of the target list [Music] only after the war with the Americans discover the spies story of Saddam and his secret bunker was entirely false is there a bunker there the intelligence community thinks there is afterwards you go there there's no bunker he's Saddam Hussein there everyone thinks he is afterwards no Saddam what happened I'm as as puzzled as you are the British had been informed but not consulted Britain's top commander believed the raid was misconceived because Saddam's corpse would not have been available for display it was something which was very much in American lead on they had the intelligence and if we want to take him out I would have thought would be important to better show that we had taken that demonstrable proof in the Iraqi oil fields just across the border Special Forces watched in case Saddam retaliated by sabotaging oil wells when news came in that nine were ablaze the land commander decided he had to attack immediately a day before he'd intended we needed to secure the southern oil fields right away that if we didn't we ran a unacceptable risk that the regime could possibly sabotage his oil fields create an environmental disaster therefore we're ready let's push this thing forward and let's go and by god that's what we executed the invasion began [Music] the American fifth Army was to attack Baghdad from the desert west of the Euphrates the American Marine Corps would attack through the inhabited areas east of the river the British would secure Iraq second city Basra [Music] the British began their advance failings in the supply system and delays caused by the political controversy over the war meant the troops were short of ammunition and equipment to protect them from chemical and biological weapons I felt that we were carrying a lot of risk the mood was one that we were not ready for this though the soldiers and a personal level were not properly equipped that we had problems with clothing we had problems sourcing ammunition we knew it was in theater but we we couldn't we couldn't find it the British hoped they wouldn't have to fight the Shia Muslims of Basra and the South had suffered terribly under Saddam I thought once ground forces crossed into Iraq that that might be the trigger for a large-scale Shia insurgency we'd even gone as far as thinking about the possibility of of arming those who were prepared to revolt but there were no welcoming crowds twelve years before the people of these same villages had risen up after the first President Bush called on them to overthrow Saddam but the Allies have then failed to support the rising tens of thousands of men women and children were executed or tortured a little wine of halwa Haman they stuck a knife into my nose this time the shears were going to let the coalition do the fighting we could easily protect the regime we had the weapons but we were afraid the Americans wouldn't topple Saddam and that he would then return and take his revenge on the second night the main British force approached Basra The Secret Intelligence Service mi6 was negotiating by radio with some of the city's commanders the British wanted the Iraqi army to help them police the city he told the Moroccan what's up with them was any with the regime we said no surrender and and you can then rejoin your army under a new leadership a we D we've asked them summer come come and put be part of our coalition it didn't happen instead when the British probed the outskirts of the city they met with fierce resistance this is our first major contact with the enemy that we can actually see now they're on the ground they're fired and tracer we're fine and tracer it would just walk walk to tanks with RPGs on the shoulders trying to get as close as they could [Applause] it's very frightened and especially when you see the whites and their eyes and they're thrown grenades out yeah it was just a constant barrage for 16 hours we were told that they were going to surrender in the droves and it was gonna be like the first Gulf War and that you would come across hundred two men walking toward you with a weapon no weapons and such but I never saw any of that at first the British encountered regular troops but soon they found themselves under attack by paramilitary fighters often dressed in civilian clothes they came for debate stealthily using civilian vehicles mounted with RPGs heavy machine guns and they used this a lot we were willing to fight to the end who willing to stay there against all odds the British had met the Fedayeen a brutal militia commanded directly by Saddam's son Uday recruited and trained from childhood the Fedayeen were a threat coalition intelligence had largely failed to anticipate it was quite clear from those engagements that we were now up against something but the size and scale of which we had yet to sort of really work out Saddam had put his most feared leftenant in command of Basra Ali Hassan al-majid chemical ally a man the Coalition hoped to kill the guy's a war criminal he gassed the Kurds he's basically has a very special place in hell set aside for him captured soldiers said their units wanted to surrender but the Fedayeen and chemical alleys secret police forced them to fight they were held to account by somebody behind them with a gun all their families were being detained and would suffer the consequences of their failure to act correctly British troops were also under attack in the nearby town of a subbaiya their commanders decided they needed to rethink tactics I spoke to Commander salmon armored Brigade and said you work out your plan as you power and I'll work out my pen for Basra and wood let's meet tomorrow morning and I remember him arriving and I thought well I've got some views on this and he said to me come around the corner have a quick smoke break before you see my commanders and he said to me I've worked out I could easily get into Adebayor now with the most powerful armor Brigade the United Kingdom's ever put in the field but if I do I've trashed the place I'll take unnecessary casualties myself I will kill lots of civilians and this can't be right and I said to him well my conclusion was precisely the same for Basra so within a space of a cigarette we'd both come to the same conclusion the British encircled the city but allowed civilians to leave mi6 agents inside Basra still hoped they could incite an uprising some in the American High Command were exasperated they felt British caution made Saddam look strong but British forces did not want to risk a bloodbath taking down a city quickly would have been inviting us to take it very hard rubble eyes it to use more instruction but certainly today a fairly hard and one of our campaign objectives was to make sure we concentration on thinking about how we actually rebuilt the infrastructure once the war was over in Baghdad Saddam's palaces and ministries had been bombed it was a spectacle designed to convince the Iraqi people it was safe to overthrow the regime even if the buildings were empty you've got to hit something and so if you don't know where these guys are and you're still developing the intelligence you're still trying to figure out where they are the war is on you've got to hit your best stuff and here's the best list that we've got so we're going to go to town on it [Music] the American Marine Corps now planned to cross the Euphrates by capturing key bridges in the turn of Nazarene like the British at Basra they expected the local population and the Iraqi army to help there was a belief that they would capitulate as we got closer and that there would not be much of a fight but inside nazriya hundreds of Fedayeen fighters were waiting they din stilled fear and they were eager to fight they would tell us if I kill an American the regime will give me 1 million dinars and they were tempted by that money they didn't care about the city in fact the people of Nazeri wanted to welcome the Americans all the key figures the heads of tribes the religious leaders wanted to end the nightmare that had lasted for 35 years but even before the Marines could attack a series of events unfolded that led to disaster it started when a convoy of 18 American trucks drove past the waiting Marines the 507th maintenance company serviced Patriot missile batteries they weren't frontline troops they intended to skirt nazaria and rendezvous with the rest of their unit in the desert to the north we drove and drove and drove and then we hit a concrete road they'd taken a wrong turn next again look around where we're at and looks like we're driving through a city and the sun's getting ready to come up they'd stumbled into nazriya initially the Iraqi soldiers guarding the key bridge across the Euphrates showed little appetite for a fight they were actually waving at us so we thought that they were just glad to see that we were there the convoy passed straight through the Iraqi frontline then it turned around to escape on the turnaround that's when we actually start receiving fire the Fedayeen had arrived you couldn't just really see where it was coming from but we heard the shots man fire it was just all over the place you could really couldn't tell where it was coming from people hide behind the buildings finally weapons we hear the shots actually piercing the vehicle that I was in I noticed I was hit in the arm my hand was one away and I looked back down my arm was flipped over I just took my arm and just said I need to keep firing or I need to try to you need to pull it through Jackson and the vehicles ahead of him made it through the final Iraqi positions the vehicles behind still have that gauntlet to run hemant for jobs offers two vehicles managed to get through the Fedayeen hit the next three with rocket-propelled grenades [Applause] private Miller ran forward to try and help it was just a bloody mess when I look to see if anyone's alive and to me there didn't look to be anybody alive so I just kept moving forward in the wreckage was private Jessica Lynch later to be mythologized as an American hero when troops rescued her from an Iraqi Hospital at the time Miller thought she was past help it looked to me like she was dead as well as everyone else that was in their vehicle more and more Fedayeen arrived two American soldiers got out of their vehicle which is what I'm saying on-die they ran towards their colleagues a green car pulled up and two Iraqis got out and shouted at them so the Americans held up their hands with their guns in the air but the Iraqis shot them and they fell on their faces Miller spotted Fedayeen preparing to fire mortars at him I was shooting them as they were loading the mortar pit and then finally they stopped loading it and the next thing I know there's like a 360-degree circle around me of them just closing in so that's what I had to surrender when Miller and other prisoners of war were paraded on Arab television that afternoon the ambush seemed a metaphor for a war that wasn't turning out as expected [Music] eleven Americans had been killed and seven taken prisoner the Fedayeen thought they'd beaten off an American attack and fighters who had been thinking of surrender thought again and Wadena Kenya it invigorated the fighting men they decided to stay and to fight outside NASA Rhea the Marines still awaited the final order to attack the city the Marines had received only confused reports about the ambush of the maintenance convoy they still believed there was little stomach for a fight in the city but the battle which followed would change the course of the war House ain't just a little excited nobody really knew what loud hit we were all wearing our cold-weather clothing because it was chilly and it was kind of a greyish dawn the that's when the first signs of enemy resistance started there were mortars impacting about 600 meters away from our forces heavy machine guns began to be fired at us and that gave you an indicator of what was to come they spotted Iraqi tanks and by the end about an hour we had about nine enemy tanks that had been engaged and destroyed now we knew we might have a fight on our hands American tanks had been rescuing survivors from the earlier ambush now only four had enough fuel to continue the advance we were running out of daylight and I did not want to be in the middle of an attack to cease bridges while it was dark and O'Connell at that point was okay push let's push let's take those bridges there's a lot of firing going on you can hear it ricocheting off the road beside us you can hear the fire smacking off the bridge I can remember seeing an RPG skip across the road in front of us sounds like okay this this is this is for real here this is this is bad once across the bridge the tanks moved forward suddenly disaster struck it was open ground it appeared to be dry on top but underneath was was water and they just sank to the chassis and we got we got stuck they were coming at us right there was an Iraqi that we just killed and right over there was four more Iraqis we just killed and back over on the other side of the building there was nine Iraqis that were killed by the tanks so they were swarming off I can really feel the pressure building they were fearless they weren't afraid to die and they just it was like a human wave attack as they as it came pushing towards us families died on the streets and in their homes you know I gonna call my shot it we piled up corpses in front of the mortuary March the 23rd was a black day for nazriya the toughest day wherever I went children would run up to me pleading for help or dead or wounded people a marine company advanced towards a key bridge on the northern edge of the city Araki fighters were waiting they would duck behind a wall and they would fire an RPG or they would pull out an ak-47 and they'd fire at you they were everywhere on both sides of the road high and low and everybody was shoot would I pull this out how hot the Medini know much everywhere in Iraq had become a war zone and so the civilians had fighters among you from the Army I'm from the Fedayeen is gone now though she won the fly Machado if the Americans saw you coming out of a street or a building with a gun in your hand they just don't shoot you know either yet they didn't care if it was a house with civilians in it or a school coming through Ambush Alley with all the small arms and RPGs going off that was bad enough until across that northern bridge blowing up all around you some of our Tillery rounds hit so close they bounce you off the ground it's extremely frightening when American aircraft arrived overhead but instead of helping it attacked the American position adding to the casualties I was thinking that the casualties would be real high extremely high an armored vehicle who tried to take the wounded to the rear an RPG came sailing through the air it plunged into the open Tru patch of the AAV and there was just a catastrophic explosion as the as the Amtrak blew up with its occupants inside I had 18 of my Marines were killed in action in 14 wounded that day that were taken off the battlefield so basically lost about 1/4 of our combat power on that day from one company so you know emotionally from that standpoint thinking about the families and the Marines and and it was very difficult [Music] after that point we never heard anything about capitulation or anything after that people approached the Iraqis I think with a much different perspective helicopter the land now we got a critical patient need to get out of here in one day 29 Americans have died in Nazareth with them died all hope that the Iraqi people would help the coalition overthrow the regime but didn't happen it didn't happen in our nursery ax it didn't happen at other places in the south what worried the Americans even more was the thought of what lay ahead the South was meant to be the easy part in the Western Desert American troops were now advancing towards the Republican Guard the closer we got to Baghdad we expected a a tougher fight we expected the Republican Guard to be the formation that we were going to have to deal with and we expected it to be a much more difficult and much more resolute defense hidden in the countryside south of Baghdad were four Republican Guard divisions perhaps forty thousand men their commander was confident he could produce a stalemate owatta taqwa be Mubarak I thought we could hold out for two or three months even on six months without the war reaching any conclusion well Herman has him your solid hardly Lassiter - sure I thought we'd be able to turn Iraq into a mini Vietnam well what I didn't think the Americans would be prepared to fight a man-to-man [Music] 32 Apache helicopters the most deadly tank hunters in the world were ordered forward each costs twenty two million dollars their job to search out the Republican Guards Medina division the regime resided in Baghdad and the Medina division sat between us and Dagda the plan was for a massive raid that very night but as they prepared they were being watched we established a force to stay behind enemy lines and gather information they wore civilian clothes they didn't carry any weapons they used mobile phones to send and receive information when the Apaches took off the Iraqi forces were ready for about the first ten minutes we were okay we really hadn't faced any fire I've seen a couple tracer strings but that was about it but the ambush was about to be sprung the power grid of the entire town that we were going over had gone black and came back on within a few seconds that's when everybody started reporting taking heavy fire we found out later that that was like a signal that they were using for people to go up on top of their roofs and shoot fire was coming from the houses the waterways trees shrubs vehicles are out there I was on the radio when I got hit I've got earplugs in I've got a helmet on all the noise of the aircraft but I could hear it enter my neck I didn't want to touch my neck I assumed that the front of my throat was gone the Apaches were forced to turn back before they even reached the Medina Division I came over the squadron command radio and told all air crews to shoot at everybody that shot at them you know you're firing into areas where their houses where there's their communities and you don't want to have collateral damage you try your best not to have collateral damage but it became fairly evident that in fact you were going to have to in order to survive this you're gonna have to return fire one Apache was shot down and its crew captured almost every helicopter was seriously damaged I remember coming back feeling very unsure of what really just happened there was it that we were the we were one unit that had encountered an extreme amount of resistance and therefore had that happen or was this as a broad-spectrum I really didn't know at that point but I do know that for us at that point we were gonna have some time to think about it because our airplanes were extremely battle damaged the Republican Guard remained largely unscathed the Apache pilots faith in American intelligence was shaken it was useless it really was useless at the risk of never making it a both captain later who said it was definitely something wrong with the intelligence flow nothing seemed to be working out quite as expected now to add to the coalition's problems a sandstorm of biblical proportions began to swirl across southern Iraq you could have been convinced that it was the apocalypse because it would it was that nasty out there for a few hours it was just an orange haze within about five minutes they turned to pitch black out there I heard of guys walking to go to the bathroom about 20 yards from the vehicle and they spend the next three hours looking for their vehicle again yeah the weather really sucked you could literally not see more than about 30 or 40 feet with your naked eye and now came another surprise for Allied intelligence Fedayeen fighters left the cities and attacked the supply lines of the lead units and they just get coming and they kept coming and they kept coming we started to realize that they weren't afraid to fight and more importantly they weren't afraid to die the advance stole [Music] the US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld had pressured his generals to invade with smaller forces than they'd asked for the man leading the attack on Baghdad was concerned an immediate attack would be reckless I wasn't real comfortable with the troop levels I was very reluctant to hit Baghdad because now I wanted to make damn sure that when we did it we were going to be decisive and successful in desert meetings tempers fled in our profession there's no such thing as a calm measured discussion because we're talking about his life and death so there are passionate discussions but general MacKinnon was determined to retain the initiative I said we're going to have to accept some risk and I want you to continue your attack rapidly to the north fast is better than slow er fast is more lethal than slower fast is more final the American army now prepared to attack Baghdad the lead units had to funnel through a mile wide gap between a lake and the city of Karbala the so-called Karbala gap and then assault across the Euphrates my commanders clearly understood that as soon as we move through the Karbala gap it was going to be one fight all the way to back it the Americans could not detect any Iraqi forces defending the gap the man leading the spearhead unit feared that the area had been cleared for a chemical attack if there was one place that he could have used chemical weapons very successfully was at the Karbala gap that night a signals intercept meant coalition troops were put on alert for imminent attack we intercepted a high-level radio transmission that had a simple word passed it was blood and we we thought we knew what that meant just before dawn the Americans attacked into the gap there was no chemical attack the Iraqi forces had pulled back not to create a killing field but because they felt too vulnerable in open desert there was a general order that there should not be a single Iraqi soldier to the west of the Euphrates River as the Americans attacked ham Donny's phone rang he was summoned to Baghdad to meet Saddam's son coos a hostage amore and who say told me he had an important message for me from President Saddam Hussein and the message was that everything that had happened over the past two weeks was a strategic deception that the main enemy attack would come from the north of Baghdad therefore I should pull out all my troops that were south of Baghdad like that kam Doni protested that at that very moment the Americans were attacking from the south Jim horny what'd you say approached me well he was almost whispering he said general rod are you sure of what he was saying I answered yes sure as I'm talking with you now he knew I was telling the truth I could see it in his face but still he ordered me to move my troops to the north he gave the order not as an order from him but as an order that he was obliged to obey the regime was crumbling down as I left Baghdad they looked at it as though I was seeing it for the last time I could imagine the destruction to come [Music] the spearhead American unit was through the kabbala gap it raced towards its next objective Kamala camp itself if you seize the gap you still don't win you gotta get across the river months before the planners had decided this bridge would carry the US Army towards the Iraqi capital general Hamdani who was fully aware of its importance well enough I started me off I'm seeing one it Hammond where this bridge could carry more than 150 tons in weight and was wide enough for armored troops to cross well one more chef for your I gave the commander of the demolition force clear written and verbal orders that as soon as he felled the enemy was close to the bridge he should blow it up Wien fully anticipated this bridge to be mined set with demolitions and rigged to explode and we wanted to capture the bridge intact I definitely saw wires we wanted to destroy that wire or we wanted to kill the guy who was in charge of that wire American engineers scrambled into boats and assaulted across the river to cut the demolition wires the first boat gets about 25 percent of the way across the river and we start taking fire from the far side suddenly the boats engine failed hypnotized men were doomed they're sitting ducks I thought my god I just sent these guys to their death but smoke hid them from the Iraqis and they got across we're on the far side of the bank now taking really incredible amounts of small-arms fire we had cut all the the wires all the det cord we were very vulnerable at this point we needed some heavy firepower so we assault across the bridge we just pushed right through just going as fast as we could to get a bigger foothold on the other side to get more troops across the bridge we didn't take any prisoners east of that bridge east of that bridge nobody surrendered we had finally found the Iraqi Republican Guard by evening the Americans controlled the bridge four hours earlier General Hamdani had been told to withdraw to the north of Baghdad now he was ordered to turn his units round and counter-attack let are we oh well in someone if my own opinion was not to attack the Americans at this point I felt we should surround them contain them then launch an offensive with a brigade of Special Forces but the High Command insisted on an immediate offensive which we were not ready for the American tank crews were in their new positions east of the Euphrates at 8 o'clock it started to get dark and I said hey you know let's try to get some rest there's nothing going on first sleep I've had more than 24 36 hours we got the first report tank moving from east to west we started reports of infantry moving north so now it looked like some sort of coordinated attack to try to retake the bridge general Hamdani had mustered his most elite troops a brigade from the Medina division all of a sudden I see this this this armored vehicle pop up in front of me at 800 meters shot that one and it was a humungous ball of flame and we had shrapnel coming back to an illness Iraqi tanks were advancing in a column down the road we destroyed upwards of 60 70 2s and we pretty much stopped the entire brigade that was coming down us in their tracks it became a slaughter there was guys running up and down the road his big balls of fire going everywhere some small on fire we're ceiling gauging with machine guns every time we see someone running across the road we fire machine guns at him he say oh I can't I didn't have a single tank intact they were all either damaged or destroyed I didn't have a single vehicle left the battle reached a point where I myself the army commander was fighting with the Kalashnikov by 5:30 they were it was conveyer completely destroyed and a 10th Brigade had and cease to exist I remember going there that morning and looking down that road and just unbelievable could not imagine what was going through the Iraqi minds that night as they were trying to assault that position it's hard to describe it the body parts just littered across the road vehicle still burning still too hot to even get close to the smell in the air there's a smell I'll never ever forget the the burning flesh the Americans hadn't suffered a single casualty but they were fearful expecting this would be the first of many such encounters the battle for Baghdad had begun [Music]

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Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

Views: 404,648

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Keywords: documentary history, Documentaries, Military, BBC documentary, Army, Full Documentary, Documentary, Britain, Iraq War, real, History, Baghdad, TV Shows - Topic, Saddam Hussein, stories, history documentary, USA, 2017 documentary, George Bush, 2003, Full length Documentaries, Channel 4 documentary, conflict, Documentary Movies - Topic

Id: 2cTiTV2B9hs

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Length: 48min 25sec (2905 seconds)

Published: Sat Jun 09 2018

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