Invading Iraq: How Britain & America Got It Wrong Ep 2 (Iraq War Documentary) | Timeline

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it was a war fought to uncover weapons of mass destruction her enemy I knew and I'd been told by President Saddam Hussein himself that Iraq did not have any weapons of mass destruction a war in which the British and Americans had expected to be welcomed as liberators there was a belief that they would capitulate as we've got closer and that there would not be much of a fight helicopter the land now a war in which the Iraqi army was supposed to switch sides and help run Iraq there was nobody to receive the surrender from we couldn't find them they weren't there a war fought in the name of peace and democracy the technology changes but the true nature of war doesn't and it is not clean it is not antiseptic a war of miscalculations that did much to shape the Iraq of today that planning that we did do was based against a false set of assumptions this is the story of that war and its legacy told by the people who fought it and endured it [Music] the first two weeks of the war had seen repeated intelligence failures by the coalition and unexpected resistance by the Iraqi Fedayeen for a few days the advance had stalled but once it resumed on April the second the Americans had quickly broken through the Iraqi defenses on the Euphrates now they were advancing on their next major objective Baghdad Airport symbolically and strategically this was the most important battle yet our job was to go get the airport and threaten Baghdad from the West and to take that regime icon way they expected fierce resistance but as night fell they weren't sure where it would come from or when we kept skating on our thermal imaging and so really nothing it appeared to be deserted the airport was completely black a very very eerie night we just expected this huge battle with the special Republican garden and it just it didn't happen and we were extremely puzzled and we were extremely tired parked right next to the airport runway mark hones men got their first sleep in 48 hours Sun started to come up about 4:30 I was asleep on the top of my tank and then I heard a tank shoot and then I said okay so I get up and I look and it was something that you just not believe Iraqis getting out of their beds getting up to the sunshine and scratching their heads and looking around and saying oh my god and us doing the same thing saying what in the hell is going on Baghdad had been under aerial bombardment for days confused by the constant noise the Iraqi troops at the airport had slept through the initial American entry at the other end of the runway they were so close that tank commanders were using the pistols and hang grenades from the hatches into the Iraqi border people running back and forth they were shooting at us they're vicious there for that hour and a half because they're really trying to get themselves together I had tanks hit with RPGs we had grenades you know blown up all around us they were shooting at us and we just engaged with everything we could desperate the Iraqis through troops into the counter-attack now the Americans came face-to-face with the teenage fanatics of the Baghdad Fedayeen we had to resist them to fight to send them back to their own country we are Iraqis they're not even Christians they're Jews these guys weren't doing like these suicide tactics we called it they running out of these secure bunkers with basically ak-47 run right at us the fighting was fierce they had planes and tanks and all we had were machine guns rocket-propelled grenades and hand grenades and about 50 of the guys gave up they were tired of watching the buddies that I guess I'm saying what had been it we had to withdraw we just couldn't stand up to the line are there were only about 25 of us left most of the Fedayeen were killed we crushed the forces in Saddam International Airport and we cleaned the whole place of the airport by our and Baghdad itself there was an air of unreality the authorities remain defiant and elsewhere life continued as normal the presence of militiamen on the streets the only outward sign of crisis on April the 4th is fighting raged at the airport on the edge of the city Iraqi TV even showed pictures of Saddam on walkabout in the west of Baghdad but the Americans were not yet ready for the final assault still they feared Saddam's Republican Guard the key Republican Guard units had been positioned do you south of Baghdad the American advance had simply bypassed the bulk of them before the battle for Baghdad could begin a brigade was dispatched south to deal with them air commander said 80% of the madina division had been destroyed but the men on the ground needed to be sure they found themselves in an area of dense palm groves we come in contact lily with hundreds of armored vehicles artillery air defence excel like that they found the most powerful armored division in the Iraqi army almost entirely intact 80% of their vehicles were still there at least they were dispersed in hidden so as not to be seen from the air it was another major intelligence failure none survived I left more I had moved all my troops to new positions we created almost 7,000 new locations for our weapons and we distributed enough ammunition to last for six months the Americans faced a battle they thought they'd never have to fight but they've caught the Iraqis by surprise the American advance had been so fast most of their tanks were facing the wrong way they would just hit so hard and so quickly they just couldn't react to it we just came upon them and close air support artillery it was just I'm sure more than they could even imagine and it just developed so quickly and our tanks and Bradley's are just going through their formation so quickly it just becomes obvious that it that it's hopeless for them the Medina division simply melted away we'd see a lot of middle-aged males walking away from battlefield areas some of them you know what would would have liked army boots on but then they would have like kind of a civilian undergarment it was obvious that they probably had just taken their you know uniform off and you just kind of walked away and if they did that in most cases we just you know we just let him go on general Hamdani made a last desperate attempt to stem the route I tried to sneak to us fear yeah to try to salvage what was left of the Medina division I found some troops but there was no coherent force left I gathered all of the troops together in one place trying to form a nucleus of a solid force then I went to search for others but when I got back the troops had disappeared the Medina division had ceased to exist in the south at Basra the British too were beginning to sense the tide was turning they'd gathered intelligence and bided their time for almost two weeks to the irritation of some American commanders but slowly they too were tightening the screw we put precision airstrikes in against the bath party headquarters there a Directorate of intelligence the Fedayeen headquarters and so forth so we we we attacked the regime targets on the night of April the 4th a major opportunity presented itself we got information that chemical Ali wasn't conducting a meeting with an inner house in the center of Basra chemical Ali was the overall commander of the regime Fetty in the armed forces in the southern part of Iraq and if not called chemical Ali without good reason it was very clear to me both before and during this operation that the the shear people were terrified of this man terrified of him just before dawn on April the 5th American f-16s took off to strike the target at the Pentagon they watched the attack live through aerial surveillance the video they later released was less graphic than the original we're watching this video of attack and the first weapon comes in and then the second weapon comes in and strikes the building and you're able to see bodies like ragdolls flying up into the air and I'll tell you we sat there and we were cheering thinking yeah we just got chemical Ali someone who has killed his own people someone who is just an evil man is now dead and and we rejoiced at it only later did it become clear that chemical Ali had not been killed and there were innocent victims there were 17 civilians killed there and and we didn't get chemical Ali and suddenly I don't feel so good about this target and you start to wonder who those ragdolls were that you saw flying through the air most of the dirt came from neighboring families it was one of the worst losses of civilian life in the campaign in the south but it proved a turning point in Basra it was widely believed chemical Ali had been killed and as news of the strike spread through the city the effect was dramatic during the course of that day we got there are indications that the policemen were no longer on street corners that that soldiers were not seen openly on the streets we got information that members of the Baath Party were leaving Basra two of the battle groups had planned raids for the following morning I said to the Konami officers well knock on the door I continue these raids and if the door opens keep going on the morning of April the 6th the entire British 7th Armoured Brigade the Desert Rats rolled into Basra those defenders still at their posts were taken by surprise some resorted to suicidal tactics there was a tank about two vehicles in front of me and some lunatic jumped out of a bunker climbed up on top of the onto the tank and then fired directly at the tank commanders periscope and the vehicle immediately behind then shot this chap off the bow [Music] [Music] everywhere looks there was a limb here had their pieces of had flown in they serve water next to us and I just I was scared that their spines I thought I do not want to end up like this there was blood and guts everywhere and then it just went into autopilot then the next thing as pair drills is my mid-morning the British had broken through the thin defensive crust around the city the Syria the Black Watch came up on the radio and said I'm three kilometres into Basra I'm going to keep going [Music] we drove down to more and more chairs more and more waving and no contact at all really by late afternoon the British were in downtown Basra at last the Coalition had its images of liberation and celebration it was something like the liberation of Paris and you had hundreds of people laying in the road we have been cheering normally three British soldiers died that day the British felt their cautious tactics were vindicated if you told me on the 19th of March that I could get into a defended city of a million and a quarter with the loss of only three lives I'd have taken it of course I would have and I think that I think that history would show this was probably the lightest casualties I think in any urban operation that's ever taken place but within hours the euphoria had turned to chaos as looting spread the British had expected the Iraqi police the army the Civil Administration to be intact and to help them run the city but they encountered a very different situation that planning that we did do was based against a false set of assumptions we got advice about managing a humanitarian crisis but that wasn't what was required we need professional engineers to rebuild things we need water engineers we bank managers with the regime gone everything beneath simply crumbled the British had not planned for this it was a taste of what was to come in Baghdad the US Marines now joined the American fifth Army Corps on the edge of the city following the fall of Basra when we're gonna get into it this is the time the Marines had been given the job of storming the east of the city as the young marine commanders briefed their troops they anticipated serious resistance the mood was aggressive it gets destroyed by anything we have I don't care about collateral damage at this point this is enemy territory if we got a rubble every building that's what we'll do all right but the Iraqi army was retreating in chaos Colonel Mahmoud shaheen's unit was the last to fall back across the Diyala River marking the eastern boundary of Baghdad it was every man for himself you just had to make your own decisions the bombardment was so heavy and it made no attempt to distinguish between civilian and military areas they were hitting us with artillery helicopters and fighter planes on the morning of the 6th of April he abandoned his position I got into a civilian car and I just went home I left everything behind 24 hours later the Marines stormed the Diyala bridge just a couple of miles downriver kilo company with captain Norton for the first across the bridge they cross the bridge immediately sees the small buildings that were over watching it I'm not totally sure how much incoming fire I think for the most part the Iraqis had left that morning I think there was sporadic fire coming across press photographers had swarmed to what they believed would be an iconic event we're hearing lots of fire but it becomes pre parent at that point that it's not incoming that no one is like no one's shooting at us but as the Marines found out on the northern bank they remained nervous jittery above all fearful of suicide bombers just at that moment or Sanju Ayad was setting off from central Baghdad she'd spent a day with relatives and was returning to her home close to the Diallo bridge we had no idea the Americans were in the area our neighbors a father and his son had a Kia van they gave us a lift back at the Diyala River the Marines were establishing defensive positions they followed the American military doctrine of force protection which puts the security of American personnel above all else they were dug in their guns pointing down the road towards Baghdad you're not gonna stand out there in a road guard vest and stop vehicles in searching this isn't you know Northern Ireland okay this isn't a police post this is combat once more the Marines were surrounded by photographers the first vehicle they saw was Wissam do iods the first vehicle to come through was a was a blue minivan I got to say about seven or eight city blocks away when the Marine saw it they start to scream and they start to see a eight hundred meters six hundred meters and then everyone else then fires in unison [Applause] and you have the silence and the car is like a jet I love the China got them our beanie my sister was hit straightaway I rushed towards her had she been shot in the head the driver and his son was shot to the Sun poor thing didn't die immediately there was blood spurting onto the backseat and onto the window I looked down at my finger and saw it was dangling almost cut off another finger had been blown off completely I saw an American soldier coming towards the car I've pretended to be unconscious as she lay in the van more cars drove into the American guns [Music] it was only later the photographer's were allowed forward to take photos almost all the victims were civilians [Music] there was an elderly man that had been shot that was with his kings with a cane here he was walking with a cane even shot on the right side of the street [Music] suddenly a hand appeared in the window of the blue minivan Hasaan and another survivor had sat there all night long next to the bodies of their dead relatives too terrified to move I begged them to let me get my sister out of the car to bury her but they wouldn't let me I thought they were coming to bring freedom and democracy not to hurt people why did he shoot our car they could see us and they still shutters the cars were full of civilian families there were no soldiers in them around a dozen civilians died that morning at the Diala bridge in the chaos of the advance such incidents were widespread William Tecumseh Sherman said you know war is cruelty there's no sense in trying to refine it the crueler it is the sooner it's over I think he had pretty good insight to the nature war the technology changes but the true nature of war doesn't and it is not clean it is not antiseptic it is not surgical it would be some time before the truth dawned on the Marines that the eastern side of Baghdad was almost defenseless in west of Baghdad it was a different story there the third Infantry Division had a fight on its hands good everybody but you had to you had the staff guys fighting you had the support platoon fighting you had the medics fighting the commanding officer had devised an ambitious battle plan to seize the Iraqi capital in a single day Baghdad is the center of gravity and if the city has fallen then then all hope is lost if I in the city and I stay there the war is over he'd headed straight downtown for Saddam's palaces spreading panic among the Iraqi defenders but he'd taken a huge risk if the Iraqis could cut his supply lines he'd be stranded and it was on these supply routes that the Fedayeen now concentrated its attacks we get attacked from one position and we hit him back hard and then another one would hit us and then we'd hit them back hard are they outnumbers the fiercest fighting was on route 8 at a road junction codenamed objective curly by the Americans was chaos we knew that we were outnumbered we knew we were surrounded we knew that we had walked into a well executed and well-planned ambush we were fighting for our lives it was at that moment that I thought to myself ok this this might be it they may have figured something out and they've got our number today locals watched as the Fedayeen held themselves at the amerikan gunz yeah now should we talk they fought like heroes I saw them with my own eyes God they run down the street throw themselves to the ground put a rocket in the RPG and fire calling out for holy wood I need you draw the water but one of them had a bullet hole in his back but he insisted on being given an RPG so that he could keep on fighting once more civilians were caught up in the fighting good people stay home so the people that are out there watching you they don't need to be out there they're not typically innocent people Iraqi civilians saw it differently this was thought we heard someone shouting my father's head's been blown off he was knocking on doors it was covered in blood agua liqueur I shouted to him get down all they'll shoot you and just at that moment he was shot in the chest [Applause] Ahmed Wahid and his family were fleeing the Marines at the Diala bridge when they drove directly into the fighting at objective curly Hawaiian the Lelaina mean to kill Madera this soldier looked at us from the turret of his tank level obviously I was making signs to him so that he would stop firing that I saw them I thought but it was no good he just kept on shooting at me and at my mother Sawa no I was hit twice my mother felt dead in my arms incident by midday the resistance was flagging Colonel Perkins felt able to order his supply convoys to run the gauntlet up route 8 they're coming under a hail of fire tires being shot out windshields being shot out but guys were up there in the 50 Cal shooting back shooting with m16s nine mils to get these supply vehicles into the center of Baghdad the Iraqi fighters fled in panic an Iraqi Brigadier came running into my house he was afraid I was standing by the door he shouted at me get down get down I wouldn't have no such choice I asked him what was happening he said there were bodies everywhere even on the rooftops [Music] he said the Americans showed no mercy Colonel Perkins would spend the night in Saddam's palace I knew that you know the tide had turned on this Ward in other words that we were in Baghdad and there's probably no way that they could kick us out of the city 19 days after crossing the Kuwait border less than a week after the breakthrough at the Karbala gap the Americans had penetrated to the very heart of the regime the seventh was was the point at which I think we broke the back of the regime that we established ourselves in Baghdad that the that the coalition was there and they were there to stay but the Americans wanted Saddam dead or captured that afternoon they tried again to assassinate him my boss came into the office and he said to me hey Mark we've got some intelligence we know where Saddam is there would be a meeting at these at these coordinates in these buildings and it would be populated by extremely high-level players within the bath party and within the Iraqi leadership structure by now gone Oscar was growing weary of such tips I think that the evidence was sketchy it was good enough to send forces in on the ground and see if he's really there but I was reticent to drop 8,000 pounds of high explosives his objections were overruled the intelligence was quickly passed to the crew of a b-1 bomber already in the air over central Iraq we were told no turn direct Baghdad we've got a priority one leadership target for you and then stand by for coordinates then the words we got were basically this is a big one don't miss the target was in the wealthy al mansur district in the west of Baghdad Abdul Massey had just returned home for lunch but heard of a Murphy a she everything was normal people were just moving around as normal as yet are now but a dead man I had my lunch and then half an hour later I went out again in the skies above Baghdad the intelligence passed to the B one was less precise than usual we actually got two sets of coordinates about 100 feet apart my guess is that whoever was making these decisions looked at the buildings and thought well just to play it safe to make sure that we we do get the people we're after we're gonna we're gonna hit two you know two separate target points there one of the target points was Abdul Massey's home we annihilated that target area [Music] emotionally there's just you know a couple moments to think wow okay we did that now let's move on to the next target area [Music] another overhead B'Elanna here was the first victim we dug out from my own family the main one here in our middle we found Miriam my niece Milana my older daughter the child had to be thirsty then we got to the kitchen where we found my wife my little daughter Lorna another Latin bid I dug them out with my bare hands I carried them with my own hands and I buried them with my own hands the Americans had missed again 18 civilians died instead the attack was based on an intercept of a satellite phone these intercepts can be traced to within a radius of a hundred meters of where the phone is being used a human source on the ground was needed to point towards a more precise location it now seems almost certain this source pointed to the wrong house I think the way that we went at it the intelligence that we had maybe was not as good as we thought it was the bulk of the other leadership strikes during the war were based on similarly floored intelligence fifty attempts were made to kill Iraqi leaders not a single one was successful the targets were all struck whatever the u.s. aimed at was hit and hit magnificently buildings destroyed smoking holes in the ground that sort of thing the problem is the people who the US was aiming at were not there these leadership strikes led to the highest number of civilian casualties in the air war did I expect to kill a lot of leaders no but we wanted to strike those facilities that they could manned out of and we wanted to put them on the run so there may be a three to four percent chance that I'm actually gonna strike the leader but it is very well worth it attacking hello my usual weapon another impediment kajada if it was their families here they give approval to attacked and destroyed that I'm alone my children my family they all died here only I am left so where was Saddam in fact he'd spent much of the war at this house about a mile away it was never targeted the day after the al mansur strike Saddam told close followers here that he'd been betrayed then he fled to the north of the city there on April the 9th far from feeling hounded by airstrikes he felt confident enough to stage another walk about Sadie Halima thought I'd always hoped to meet him I wished him victory and he thanked me he handed me his gun by the handle and we have suffer it had the president's seal on it to say that I John I was shoddy some more he said we'll come back in a month's time and collect it but if we don't show up it's yours got it again I said to him God willing you will be back Glenshaw Lara Jean my Jenna and the whole look the subtle beer he called on the people to resist the Americans saying they were cowards that we would defeat them and make Baghdad their grave machine guns were handed out to the local people then Saddam went to the local mosque to pray while he was there someone tipped off the Americans a marine company was dispatched to capture the Iraqi leader the defenders of the mosque put up fanatical resistance the closer we got to the mosque the more I was convinced that he might actually be there because the contact was so severe and it was so well defended in them and the soldiers in Episode II were so motivated and dedicated to die the Americans forced their way into the mosque but when the final defenders surrendered the Iraqi dictator had slipped through the net it was the last time he'd be seen for 247 days in the center of Baghdad all that was left for the Americans was to end the last desperate resistance for the Iraqi military it was a humiliation well in history will have no mercy on us and it has a filthy tongue at all levels from the high command of the Armed Forces right down to the lowest level of command we all failed in our duty the Fedayeen and the bath party militias had fought often fanatically but it was street gangs against soldiers in the end they had been almost alone there was a tank commander and I forget he told the president that he wanted to change the name of his unit to al-saud unit in the end he didn't fire a single shot of the Americans and all his tanks were captured well when it came to it the professional soldiers understood the odds against them and they weren't prepared to die for Saddam they didn't mutiny or even surrender on mass as the Americans had hoped but nor did they fight they simply went home it was a passive revolution laravel volatile mr. right there I don't have the exact figures but I don't think more than 15 percent of the Armed Forces actually fought now even so we managed to resist for three weeks what if everybody had been fighting [Music] the American columns now rolled into Baghdad but there were few of the triumphal scenes they had hoped for the people of Baghdad were very suspicious they may have hated Saddam but that didn't make them pro-american only now was this truth dawning and the American conduct of the war had done little to win them over if people are told that the war is going to be precise and then they see time and again that civilians are being injured and killed then obviously they believe that they're being targeted no one knows how many civilians died estimates vary between four and ten thousand it's likely that on the Iraqi side more civilians died than fighters on April the 9th Colonel McCoy the man who had seized the Diala bridge rolled into Baghdad Central Square the Iraqis had gathered around the statue and were throwing their shoes at it the crowd was small but the square quickly filled with journalists anxious at last to capture the iconic images of victory they had produced a rope and we're trying to haul it down using manpower and it was obvious it wasn't gonna happen and all that all the cameras were rolling so I thought it would be a pretty anticlimactic moment if we didn't help McCoy offered up one of the Marines heavy vehicles at 5:00 p.m. the statue came down [Applause] and at that point they went nuts on it and tore the head off and drugged it around the streets the pictures quickly flashed around the world but elsewhere Baghdad was slipping into chaos as in Basra looting quickly spread even to hospitals it was soon clear the fall of Baghdad had exposed the coalition's final fateful miscalculation we expected there to be some degree of infrastructure left in the city in terms of intellectual infrastructure in terms of running the city infrastructure in terms of running the government infrastructure you had no Iraqi institutions to to kind of co-opted into this no Araki army no Iraqi police prisoners let out of prison no local or national government organizations ministries didn't exist there was nobody to receive the surrender from we couldn't find them they weren't there the war had been based on the expectation that the Iraqi people and the Iraqi army would be the coalition's allies in overthrowing Saddam but they weren't they had simply stood aside when you decapitated the regime everything below it fell apart now the generals found they would have to win the peace on their own as well but the politicians hadn't planned for this and the generals didn't have enough troops the invasion was over the war was just beginning over the next few months of violent insurgency flowed into the vacuum left by the collapse of authority exiled politicians have persuaded the Americans they would be greeted as saviors and would run the country but it turned out they had little local support by the autumn more American soldiers had died than during the conflict itself and they still couldn't find Saddam it was very difficult to convince people not Saddam gone forever they have experienced this before when Saddam has disappeared and then reappeared again still there was deep rooted fears and the hearts and minds of people then in December came a breakthrough report came in that the target was just north of the city of a doir so the objective area is about 15 kilometers southeast of Tikrit [Music] for eight months American troops had searched fruitlessly for Saddam Hussein around his hometown of Tikrit but that evening an Iraqi prisoner had broken under questioning he said he knew where Saddam Hussein was hiding I wanted to use the cover of darkness because of our estimate that there would be some security elements around said I haven't seen we absolutely had to be prepared for fight this was no chance tip-off that the American headquarters a massive intelligence operation had been underway for months the unexpected course of the war had shown the American military that everything they thought they knew about Iraq and its people was wrong to break into Saddam's world they had to start from scratch I had to get into the mindset find out what he thinks how he thinks how they live and operate why they they do the things they do found that we tend to Americanize things here and that was kind of a problem they noticed Saddam had always been protected by the same group of middle-aged and often overweight bodyguards we began to call these guys the 42 inch waistline guys they were tough guys most of them had done a lot of killing murder they were feared they could protect Saddam we determined that they still were they raided the bodyguards houses in search of family documents and photographs we began to go after those that were in the photographs those were in the documents we began to see a series of families that kept coming up in this inner circle by autumn they discovered Saddam's protectors were always drawn from just five extended families who lived around to Crete that was the breakthrough because then you could start tracking who it is you needed to look for all of our forces combined began to take these family members out one at a time over time one would lead to the other and the swamp began to drain by December the 13th Saddam had run out of allies it was a member of one of the five families a former secret policeman who broke under interrogation and said he knew where Saddam was hiding troops quickly surrounded a small country farmhouse moments later word came through a man had been detained members of the Special Forces operation group were escorting a detainee in this date detainee was had his hands bound and he had a hood over his head so he could not see nor other people could not see him ladies and gentlemen we got him [Applause] [Music] he surrender without a shot gave up introduced himself as the president of Iraq stated unequivocally he was willing to negotiate he was a little bit disoriented his hairstyle and changed a bit but it was time Hussein tall man he was also able to confirm certain other characteristics small tattoos etc Saddam Hussein was captured Saturday December 13th at about 8:30 p.m. local in a cellar in the town of odd doir which is about 15 kilometers south of Tikrit a small group of leading Iraqis was taken to see Saddam for the first time in 35 years they could confront him about his crimes when I went in the room I saw very miserable broken demoralized person if you like I asked him why did you do the mass graves hundreds of thousands of people underground he said have you asked their relatives there there were thieves they will escape his from the military service I said what about unfound when you killed hundreds of thousands of Kurds he just turned around turned his face around away from me [Music] but today in Iraq the American raids continue Iraqi resistance continues [Music] and British and American soldiers continue to die the images speak of occupation not the liberation my knees almost a year on the legacy of how the war was planned and how it was fought still shape Iraq [Music]

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Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

Views: 227,389

Rating: 4.6453285 out of 5

Keywords: history documentary, History, BBC documentary, real, 2003, Britain, Full length Documentaries, soldiers, stories, Invation, George Bush, Channel 4 documentary, War, Documentaries, Documentary Movies - Topic, TV Shows - Topic, USA, Saddam Hussein, Baghdad, Documentary, documentary history, 2017 documentary, Tony Blair, army, Full Documentary, Iraq War

Id: EUZ1Bw21KdA

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Length: 50min 29sec (3029 seconds)

Published: Sun Jun 10 2018

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