Insulin Production and Type 1 Diabetes

diabetes affects the pancreas an organ of the digestive system an important function of the pancreas is to make hormones that regulate blood glucose levels insulin is produced by beta cells which cluster in groups called islets insulin is a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels after a meal glucose reaches the pancreas by in the bloodstream and is released from Campinas into the fermentation this triggers the release of insulin which is stored inside beta cells the insulin travels to other parts of the body and required the bloodstream with three main destinations deliver insulin helps these tissues to store Lucas as an energy source shown here a muscle cells insulin arrives through the fine capillary network that traverses the muscle fibers the services of muscle apparently the cells are covered with insulin receptors when these receptors bind insulin they signal to the cells to induce special glucose transport channels on to the cell surface these channels enabled Lucas to gain entry into the cells allowing the cells to store owners as energy for future homes in this way insulin acts to regulate blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes the patient's own immune cells will mistakenly attack the insulin-producing beta cells type 1 diabetes is referred to as an autoimmune disease because the body's immune system attacks its own cells in error over the course of the disease the patient's immune cells will systematically but mistakenly kill nearly all the beta cells shrinking the island but leaving all other cells intact the few beta cells that remain in the pancreas have a severely reduced capacity to produce insulin the death of the pancreatic beta-cells and the consequent inability to produce insulin is at the core of type 1 diabetes without insulin the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels and high glucose levels damage many tissues throughout the body [Music]

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Keywords: type, diabetes, insulin-dependent, juvenile-onset, mellitus, T1D, T1DM, IDDM, insulin, beta, cells, glucose, sugar, levels, autoimmune, disease, pancreas, islet, pancreatic, tissue, receptor, muscle, Etsuko, Uno, Drew, Berry, Walter, and, Eliza, Hall, Institute, wehi, wehi-tv, biomedical, animation

Id: OYvav8aDGCc

Length: 4min 12sec (252 seconds)

Published: Wed Aug 26 2009