Apoptosis and venetoclax

Apoptosis Apoptosis is a type of cell death that removes diseased and unwanted cells from the body. Mitochondria play a central role in this process. Apoptotic proteins released from the mitochondria destroy the cell. On the surface of mitochondria three groups of proteins regulate apoptosis. The initiator pore-forming and guardian proteins. The fate of a cell is determined by an interplay of these three proteins. The interaction between these proteins is mediated by BH 3 domains and BH 3 binding grooves. An initiator binds a pore-forming protein. This activates pore-forming protein revealing a hidden domain. Acting as a safeguard against apoptosis guardian protein binds activated pore-forming protein. Initiators also then compete for guardian protein, releasing pore-forming protein. Released pore-forming proteins combine to form dimers. The pore-forming proteins gather and create holes in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Proteins are released that drive the cell towards apoptosis. Venetoclax Venetoclax is a potent drug that causes cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. In some forms of cancer such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia an abundance of guardian proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane keeps cancer cells alive. In cancer excess guardian proteins stop the pore-forming proteins from puncturing the membrane. Venetoclax is designed to bind to guardian protein and activate apoptosis. The drug releases initiator and pore-forming proteins. Released pore-forming proteins combine and create holes in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Proteins spill out of the mitochondria that drive venetoclax-treated cells to be selectively killed by apoptosis.

Channel: WEHImovies

Views: 20,233

Rating: 4.9832635 out of 5

Keywords: biomedical animation, etsuko uno, drew berry, wehi tv, wehi-tv, wehi.tv, biomedical animator, art in science, bcl-2, bcl2, bcl 2, treatment for cancer

Id: tzwaPWElklo

Length: 4min 52sec (292 seconds)

Published: Wed Aug 29 2018