How To Clone a Dinosaur - EPIC HOW TO

[Music] dinosaurs woolly mammoths epic how-to all glorious creatures once thought dead and gone but with science we can bring them back impossible you say well we're going to show you that extinction is a thing of the past because this is epic how-to we're back back from summer break there's a long one bringing something back from the past is no easy task and this show is no different we're able to do today's episode thanks to rage shadow legends it's a truly epic rpg where you battle monsters explore dungeons and score that sweet loot it's got over 500 champions to choose from and millions of artifacts so your monster fighting team will be entirely unique whose team is that yours no one else but joe i don't have a ps6 or an xbox 12 or whatever the new consoles are well guess what you don't need them the game fits on your phone it could be in your pocket right now no need to go outside just download the app now's the perfect time because ray just released the doom tower it's a new dungeon with 120 floors of monsters and artifacts and 12 bad ass bosses to take on if you join in the next 30 days you're going to get all kinds of cool stuff to help you get started like this awesome champion bulwark an xp booster free gems and energy refills and more all this treasure will be waiting for you here you can find a link in the description below to get all these bonuses and start playing rage shadow legends today what are you waiting for did you know that 99.9 of all species that have ever existed on earth are extinct that's a sad fact that's a lot of dead animals to choose from but before you go promising your kid or me a pet stegosaurus for their birthday we have to talk dna the blueprints of life all living organisms use dna or deoxyribonucleic acid to determine the growth development and reproduction of that organism everything that makes a dog a dog or a cat a cat is written down in the dna found in the nucleus of almost every cell at its most basic level it's only four molecules guanine cytosine adenine and thymine and these pairs form what is known as base pairs with adenine always bonding to thymine and guanine always bonding the cytosine these are all then bonded together into the sexy sexy double helix it's also so curvy that makes up a strand of dna and there are a lot of these base pairs i mean there's a lot humans have about three billion base pairs in our dna and the order of these base pairs is what determines your height your weight your skin color eye color and so on when it comes time for a cell to reproduce the double helix splits in half and since for instance guanine can only bond with cytosine when the two halves split each half will reform the exact same dna sequence cool and even though the cells may specialize to make bone or muscle or nerves all the cells have the same dna and therefore all the information needed to make that creature yes creatures science the dna in the nucleus are incredibly small only a few micrometers long which means one millionth of a meter but we can still extract the nucleus with the dna intact and that my friends means cloning cloning actually happens all the time in nature any organism that reproduces asexually or the boring way is technically creating clones this happens with bacteria fungi plants and some simple animals like worms and sea stars and cloning can also happen in more complex creatures for instance if an embryo is split early in its development then the two halves will grow to become clones of each other this even happens with humans identical twins have identical dna so you could consider them clones of each other and me jealous because that's like they're like superheroes but if you want to clone an adult you have to do what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer basically you start with the regular cell from the adult and remove the nucleus with all that fun dna up inside of it and then you take an egg cell and you remove its nucleus replacing it with the nucleus from the adult donor cell and now when that egg cell begins to grow you may have heard of dolly the first mammal to ever be cloned using this process in 1996. she was created at the roslin institute in scotland by british scientist sir ian willmott and keith campbell and while i made it sound simple creating a viable embryo was not easy it took 434 attempts before the dna was successfully transferred and the embryo was accepted by the surrogate mother but it eventually worked and since then scientists have cloned cows horses dogs cats monkeys and many more and many more is such a vague statement it's like what aren't you telling us how many more and what i mean check this guys there's even a company in texas called biogen pets that for the low low price of fifty thousand dollars will clone your family dog so if your family pet pots the dust you don't have to make up some lie about the dog moving to a farm you could just get a genetically identical dog for the price of a lexus can alexis love you like a dog can i don't know maybe i think it's worth 50 grand to find out none of this stuff has gotten me a dinosaur yet hurry up science get me a triceratops to ride the return of the woolly mammoth oh you want to bring back a woolly mammoth welp the trouble is you need an egg cell similar to the animal being cloned and intact dna when it comes to woolly mammoths we actually kind of have that remains of mammoths have been found in the frozen tundra of siberia and due to the constant cold the remains are remarkably well preserved in fact weird side note a siberian zoologist claims that he's eaten some mammoth meat that he'd found but it tasted awful as ten thousand years in the siberian tundra gave it the worst case of freezer burn any piece of meat has ever had why is he eating scientific discoveries like what's wrong with this man of science this guy's a hungry science pervert hungry bad science pervert guy stop eating discoveries but here's the thing these remains do have at least some dna and the woolly mammoth has a distant cousin that could potentially act as a surrogate mother you know what i'm saying ah nudge nudge the elephant but we can't just take the nucleus out of the mammoth cell and put it in an elephant egg for one the dna from the individual mammoths is pretty degraded so while we have enough samples to know the entire mammoth genome which is cool no mammoth tissue has the entire genome intact in its cells due to the freezer burn we know about the freezer burn because the science hungry pervert guy pervert now also mammoths are bigger than elephants so a mammoth fetus may literally be too big for an elephant to carry or give birth to if elephants were the dominant intelligent species and like made society and stuff and were making like elephant movies and expressing their individualism through their art mammoth fetus baby would be an excellent elephant horror movie [Applause] [Music] we're not giving up folks oh no if you still want a mammoth you're gonna need to get a crisper it stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats obviously it's a new technology that has been described as genetic scissors and comes from the immune response of bacteria get ready to learn when these bacteria are attacked by viruses which try to insert their own sneaky virus dna into the bacteria the bacteria responds by creating a protein cast 9. cuts out the virus dna get out of here this same protein can be used to cut any dna helix and the dna will then attempt to fix the separation but if the new dna is injected at the cut it will be incorporated into the helix therefore changing the dna sequence and changing how the organism will grow so take some of that asian elephant dna use crispr to make a little snip snip in their genome sneak in some of that mammoth dna we have and suddenly we've got ourselves a mammoth elephant hybrid crazy and now that we've got some hybrids all you need is selective breeding take the biggest hairiest hybrids and breed them and keep reading the offspring that are the most mammoth-like and eventually we have mammoths again and more importantly mammoth burgers because that's got to be tasty yeah but when i do it i'm the pervert huh now all this could work for mammoths because we still have some of that dna but even in the best case scenario strands of dna will only last about 1 million years and since the dinosaurs died off 65 million years ago what are we gonna do and before you say mosquitoes trapped in amber that actually doesn't work amber doesn't preserve dna any better than anything else so no mosquitoes don't have dinosaur dna just waiting to be found the movies they lied to us and the books but guys i have a little bit of good news here dinosaurs are actually kind of still alive kind of while the giant reptiles may have died off some say some of the dinosaurs evolved into the birds of today for instance there's some evidence that the chicken is a very distant grandchild of the t-rex and it's possible that some of that old dino dna is still in the chicken somewhere it's usually called junk dna and basically it's dna that isn't actually used by an organism anymore but it's still inside the genome the body knows to ignore the dna when growing so it just kind of sits there doing nothing it's like lazy dna not junk dna it's get up off the couch and get a job dna it's present in almost every living thing for instance humans still have the dna to make tails hidden in our genome but our bodies usually just know not to use that usually in theory using something like crispr junk dna could be reactivated or existing dna strains could be turned off so that chicken could have teeth and less feathers and a bigger size and the colonel would be like sign me up or if we start with a larger bird like an ostrich we could change their wings into arms give them claws and a longer tail and basically we got a velociraptor this also means that the weird hybrid killer dinosaur from jurassic world fallen kingdom is the most scientifically accurate since any dinosaur we make today would just be a heavily gene manipulated bird and or lizard which also leads me to believe that chris pratt training raptors is scientifically accurate as well i pick and choose when movies lie to me so with some selective breeding and even more selective gene editing you and your pet raptor can share a mammoth burger and isn't that what we all want yeah that's what i thought too joe everybody thank you for watching this episode if you want to see more say so in the comments luckily we have all that dna from the previous epic two episodes and we'd uh love to throw that into a little dna stew and make some more for you let this be the first of many and we need to do that by having you do the likes and the subscribes and the shares and stuff like if you all watch the video 20 times we'll get to make more it's a numbers game so just watch the video 20 times that's it guys i'm joe beretta and this is epic hey thanks again to rage shadow legends for sponsoring this episode check out the link in the description to start your own epic adventure today you

Channel: AWE me

Views: 197,002

Keywords: How To, making, Dinosaur, mammoth, jurassic, cloning, Epic How To, comedy, call of duty, minecraft, man at arms, how to drink, how to make, how to beat

Id: DEfs9ACFga4

Length: 11min 58sec (718 seconds)

Published: Mon Jan 18 2021