Hans Rosling - Let my dataset change your mindset

I'm going to talk about your mindset does your mindset correspond to my data set if not one or the other needs upgrading isn't it when I talk to my students about global issues and I listen to them in the coffee break they always talk about we and them and when they come back into the lecture room I'll see on what do you mean with we in their most very easy it's the Western world ends developing world we learnt it in college and what is the definitions are well definition everyone knows they say but then you know I press them like this so one girl said very cleverly it's very easy Western world is a long life in a small family and developing world is a short life in a large family and I like that definition because it enabled me to transfer their mindset into a dataset and here we have the dataset so you can see that what we have on this axis here is size of family one two three four five children per woman on this axis and here length of life life expectancy 30 40 50 exactly what the student said was their concept about the world and really this is about the bedroom whether the man and woman decide to have small family and then take care of their kids and how long they will live it's about the bathroom and the kitchen if you have soap water and food you know you can live long and and the students were right wasn't that the world consisted the world consisted here of one set of countries over here which had large families and short life developing world and they had one set of countries up there which was the Western world they had small families and long life and you are going to see here the amazing thing that has happened in the world during my lifetime and then the developing countries applied soap and water vaccinations and all the developing world start to apply family planning and partly to u.s. aid who helped provide the technical advice and investment and you see all the world moves over to to child family and a life with 60 to 70 years but some countries remain back in this area here and you can see we still have Afghanistan down here we have Liberia we have Congo so we had countries living there so the problem I have is that the world view that my students had correspond to reality in the world the year their teachers were born and we in fact when we have played this over the world I was at the global health conference here in Washington last week and I could see that that the wrong concept even active people in United States had that they didn't realize the improvement of Mexico there and China in relation to United States do care when I move them forward here we go they catch up there's Mexico just on par with United States in this to social dimension there was less than 5% of the specialists in global health or was aware of this this great nation Mexico has the problem that arms are coming from north across the border so they have to stop there because I have this strange relationship to the United States you know but if I would change this axis here look and I would instead here I would put income per person income per person I can put that here and we will then see a completely different picture by the way I'm teaching you how to use our website get my in the world while I'm correcting this because this is a free free utility on the net and and when I now finally got it right I can go back 200 years in history and I can find United States up there and I can let the other countries be shown and now I had income per person on this axis and United States only had someone $2,000 at that time the life expectancy about 35 40 years on par with Afghanistan today and and and what has happened in the world I will show now this is instead of studying history for one year at university you can watch me for one minute now you'll see the whole thing you can see how the brown bubbles which is West Europe and the yellow one which is United States they get rich and rich and also start to get healthier and healthier and this is now 100 years ago whereas the rest of the world's remain behind and here we come and that was the influenza that's why we are so scared about flu isn't it it's still remembered the fall of life expectancy and then we come up and not until independence start here look here you have China over there your India over there and this is what has happened you know there that we have Mexico up there Mexico is not a dog poor with the United States but they are quite close and especially it's interesting to see China and the United States during 200 years because I have my oldest son now working for Google of the Google acquired this software because in fact is his child labor my son and his wife sat in a closet for many years and developed this and and and my youngest son who studied Chinese in Beijing so they come in with the two perspectives I have you know and and my son youngest son who studied in Beijing in China he got a long-term perspective whereas when my older son work and Google he should divide developed by quarter or by half year Google is quite generous we can have 102 years to go but in China they look generation of the generation because they remember the very embarrassing period for 100 years when they went backwards and then they would remember the first part of lost century which was really bad and we could go by this so-called grape leaf or but it was 1963 matzah to avenge brought health to China and then he died and then Deng Xiaoping started this amazing move forward isn't it strange to see that United States first grow the economy and then gradually got rich whereas China could get healthy much early because they applied the knowledge of Education nutrition and then also benefits of penciling and vaccines and Family Planning and Asia could have social development before they got the economic development so to me as a public health professor it's not strange that all these countries grow so fast now because what you see here what you see here is the flat world of Thomas Friedman isn't there it's not really in the flat but the middle-income countries and this is where I suggest to my students stop use the concept developing world because after all talking about developing world is like having two chapters in the history of the United States the last chapter is about the present and President Obama and the other is about the past where you cover everything from Washington to Eisenhower because Washington to Eisenhower that is what we find in developing what we could actually go to Mayflower to Eisenhower and in fact that we put together into a developing world which is rightly growing its city in a very amazing way which have great entrepreneurs but also have the collapsing countries so how could we make a better sense about this well one way of trying is to see whether we could look at income distribution this is the income distribution of peoples in the world from $1 this is where you have food to eat these people go to bed hungry and this is the number of people this is $10.00 whether you have a public or a private health service system this is where you can provide health service for your family and school for your children and this is oacd countries Green Latin America East Europe this is East Asia and the light blue there is South Asia and this is how the world changed it changed like this can you see how it's growing and how hundreds of millions and billions is coming out of poverty in Asia and it goes over here and I come now into projections but I have to stop at the door of Lehman Brothers there you know because that's where the projections are not valid any longer probably the world will do this and then it will continue forward like this but more or less this is what will happen and we have a world which cannot be looked upon as divided we have the high income countries here with the United States as a leading power we have the emerging economies in the middle that provides a lot of the funding for the bailout and we have the low income country theme yeah this is a factor so more the money comes they have been saving you know over the last decade and and and here we have the low income countries where entrepreneurs are and here we have the countries in collapsing were like Afghanistan Somalia parts of Congo door foo we have all this at the same time that's why it's so problematic to describe what has happened in the developing world because it's so different what has happened there and that's why why I suggest a slightly different approach on what what you do would call it and you have huge differences within countries also I heard that your departments here were by regions here you have sub-saharan Africa South Asia East Asia Arab States East Europe Latin America and OECD and on this axis GDP and on this health child survival and it doesn't come as a surprise that Africa south of Sahara is at the bottom but when I split it when I split it into into country bubbles the size of the bubbles here is the population then you see Sierra Leone Mauricio is a completely different there's such a difference within sub-saharan Africa and I can split the others here the South Asia Arab world now all your different important is Europe Latin America and oacd countries and here we are we have a continuum in the world we cannot put it into two parts it is Mayflower down here it is Washington here building building concrete's it's it's Lincoln here advancing them it's Eisenhower bringing modernity into the countries and and then it's United States today up here and we have countries all this way now the is the important thing of understanding how the world has changed at this point I decided to make a pause and it is my task on behalf of the rest of the world to convey a thank to the US taxpayers for demographic Health Survey many are not aware of no this is not a joke this is very serious it is due to us aids continuous sponsoring during 25 years of the very good methodology for measuring child mortality that we have a grasp on what's happening in the world and and it is US government at its best without advocacy providing facts that it's useful for the society and providing data free of charge on the internet for the world to use thank you very much quite in the opposite of the World Bank who compiled Delta with government money tax money and then they sell it to add a little profit in a very invest in efficient Gutenberg Marie which we need but the people doing that in at the World Bank are among the best in the world and there are highly skilled professionals it's just that we would like to upgrade our international agencies to deal with the world in the modern way as we do and when it comes to free data and transparency United States of America is one of the best and that doesn't come easy from a mouth of the Swedish public health professor and I'm not paid to come here no I would like to show you what happens with the data what we can show with this data look here this is this is the world with income down there and child mortality and what has happened in the world since 1950 during the last 50 years we have had a falling child mortality and this is DHS that makes it possible to know this and we had an increase in income and the blue former developing countries are mixing up with the former industrialized Western world and we have a continuum but we still have and that is of course Congress up there we still have as poor countries as we have had always in history and that's the bottom billion where we've heard today about a completely new approach to do it and and how fast has this happening well MDG for the United States have not been so eager to use MDG for but you have been the main sponsor that has enable us to measure because it's the only child mortality that we can measure and we used to say that it should fall four percent per year let's see what Sweden have done we used to boast about fast social progress that's where we were 1900 1900 Sweden was there same child mortality as Bangladesh had 1990 though they had lower income they started very well they used the aid well they vaccinated the kids that get better water and they reduce child mortality with an amazing 4.7 percent per year they beated Sweden I run Sweden the same 16 year period second round it's Sweden 1916 against Egypt 1990 here we go once again USA this part of the reason here they get safe water there to get food for the poor and they get malaria eradicated five point five percent they are faster than Millennium Development Goal and third chance for Sweden against Brazil here and Brazil here has an amazing social improvement over the last 16 years and they go faster than Sweden this means that the world is converging the middle-income countries the emerging economy they are catching up they are moving to cities but they also get better a system for them when the Swedish students protest at this point they say this is not fair because these countries had vaccine and antibiotics that was not available for Sweden we have to do real-time competition okay I give you Singapore the year I was born Singapore had twice the child mortality of Sweden it's the most tropical country in the world a marshland on the equator and here we go it took a little time for them to get independent but then they started to grow their economy and they made the social investment they got away malaria they got a magnificent health system that beated both us in Sweden we never thought it would happen that they would win over Sweden all these green countries are achieving Millennium Development Goals these yellow are just about to doing this these red countries that doesn't do it and the policy has to be improved not simplistic extrapolation we have to really find a way of supporting those countries in a better way we have to respect the middle-income countries on what they are doing and we have to fact-based the whole way we look at the world this is dollar per person this is HIV in the countries the blue is Africa the size of the bubbles is how men are HIV affected you see the tragedy in South Africa there it's about twenty percent of the adult population are infected and an in spite of them having quite a high income they have a huge number of HIV infected but you also see that there are African countries down here there is no such thing as an HIV epidemic in Africa they're in number five ten countries in in Africa that has the same level as Sweden and United States and there are others who are extremely high and and I will show you that what has happened in one of the best countries with the most vibrant economy in Africa and the good governance is Botswana they had very high level it's coming down but now it's not falling because there will help from PEPFAR it's working with treatment and people are not dying and you can see that it's not at easy that it is war which caused this because here in Congo there is war and here in somewhere there is peace and it's not economy rich a country has a little higher and if I split Tanzania and it's income quintile the richer 20% thing in Tanzania has more HIV than the poorest one and it's really difference within country look at the provinces of Kenya they are very different and this is the situation you see it's not deep poverty is a special situation probably of concurrent sexual partnership among part of the heterosexual population in some countries or some parts of countries and suddenly in Africa don't make it Africa don't make it the race issue make it a local issue and do presentation at at each place in the way it can be done there so to just end up there are things of suffering in one billion poorest which we don't know those who live beyond the cell phone those who are yet to see a computer those who have no electricity at all this is the disease con so I spent 20 years elucidating in Africa it's caused by fast processing of toxic cassava root in famine situation it's similar to the Pilar epidemic in Mississippi in the thirties it similar to other nutritional diseases it will never affect a rich person we have seen it here here in Mozambique this is the epidemic in Mozambique this is an epidemic in northern Tanzania you never heard about the disease but it's much more than Ebola that has been affected by this disease called crippling throughout the world and over the last two years 2,000 people has been crippled in the southern tip abandon the region that used to be the illegal diamond trade from you and you need a dominated area in Angola that has now disappeared and they are now in great economical problem and one week ago for the first time there were four lines on the internet don't get confused of the progress of the emerging economies and the great capacity of people in the middle-income countries and in peacefull low-income countries there is still mystery in 1 billion and we have to have more concept than just developing countries and developing world we need a new mindset the world is converging but but but not the bottom billion they are still as poor as they've ever been it's not sustainable and it will not happen around one superpower but you will remain one of the most important superpower and the most hopeful superpower for the time to be and this institution will have a very crucial role not for United States but for the world so you have a very bad name State Department this is not the state about it's the world Department and we have high hope in you thank you very much you [Music]

Channel: Analytikus

Views: 2,454

Rating: 5 out of 5

Keywords: Hans Rosling, data, analytics

Id: 6W6BX3cId7w

Length: 19min 53sec (1193 seconds)

Published: Wed Feb 15 2017