God's Girders - Bones of our Bodies

in one protocol's 12:32 we read about the sons of Issachar who had understanding of the times and i want to ask us do we have understanding of the times do we know what is happening in our western world we see the collapse of the Christian fabric the collapse of the Christian worldview why is that because a foundation has been removed and the structure is collapsing what foundation the foundation of the authority of the word of God it's about time God's people went out there unashamedly uncompromisingly stood on the Word of God and said this is what it's all about proclaimed the gospel of Jesus Christ show that we can defend our faith if we start standing on the word of God that's what's gonna change this nation [Applause] well hello my name is David Minton and I'm going to spend about an hour talking about bones of all things I call this talk God's girders or to explain precisely what we're going to talk about our amazing skeleton which I do believe our well understood as being God's girders we read about bone in the Bible not all the organs of the body are mentioned in the Bible the Bible is not a book of biology but when the Bible speaks of things biological just as when it speaks of things geological and cosmological and what-have-you we can trust it can trust it to be God's Word here job God is giving God credit for the creation of his body and even his skeleton in job chapter 10 verses 10 and 11 we read job is asking God did you not pour me out like milk and curdled me like cheese interesting way to look at our development in the womb and then he says and clothed me with skin and flesh and here it is and knit me together with bones and sinners the sinners would be the ligaments and the ten that attacks the muscles to the bones and attach bones one to another and that expression it comes up all the time were knit together in our mother's womb the Bible tells us my area of expertise when I was in my profession at a medical school was a field called histology and that word comes from a Latin word hiss tous means a web or a fabric so histology is a study of webs and fabrics and looking through microscopes is what we call histology and things do look all over so that's a good name for webs and fabrics well let's look at the building we're in right now I'm at the Creation Museum and this is when the creation museum was under construction and it's pretty much just framework at this stage yet but it kind of shows that buildings themselves have a skeleton and we call them high beams that we see up there at the top I beams running along and then these littler structures going this way are girders we can zoom in on those girders and you'll see something pretty familiar if you've looked not only at buildings under construction but even when you look up in the ceiling of auditoría like this sometimes you can actually see these structures and if we zoom in a little more on one of them right there magnify that getting ahead of ourselves here zoom in on that it's called a Warren's truss and they say a Warren's truss is the strongest kind of trust that can be made for a given amount of steel nobody's come up with a way to make a stronger truss that weighs less that uses less material and it's familiar to you as a kind of a series of triangles between two bars now did they tell you there was going to be an exam oh yeah we teachers don't get paid a whole lot and one of our few joys in life is persecuting students with exams so here's a question I have for you have any idea who designed Warren's dress yeah you would think Warren went you well he got the credit for it but I'm going to show you a picture from a vulture a bone from a vulture and the bone I'll show you is a bone right here in the palm and this bone in the palm is called a metacarpal bone and we're going to saw down the length of the metacarpal bone in the wing of a vulture and when we do that we get this it looks like a Warren's trust doesn't it except God made this tress I think I'm gonna refer to it as God's trust from now instead of just Warren stress well all kinds of vertebrates cars have bones that's what vertebrate means creatures that have vertebra here is Watson Watson is a basset hound this was taken when he was a puppy and Watson grew up to be a pretty good-sized dog very heavy but his legs of course we're very short long years and short legs that's the characteristic of the Basset home makes me kind of wonder why those legs didn't grow longer compare that to a Irish elk hound Greyhound or something like that with such long legs what determines how long the leg will be well we'll get into that as we move along here can you imagine what life would be like without bones we have a an example to show you here what it might what we might look like we'd be a puddle and being a puddle would not be our biggest problem our biggest problem could be quite a number of things worse than being a puddle let's look at the functions of bones their mechanical support they hold us up you can see that from the picture of the collapse gentlemen they are protective think of the bone around our brain that protects the brain and the vault of the skull the ribs protect together with the sternum the heart and the lungs and the contents of our chess bones work as levers that get mechanical advantage of muscles hook up to them and they have hinges or a fulcrum and work as a lever that allows movement of her body or limbs in her legs a blood is made inside of bone we overlook some of these things how important is blood I think that would rank higher in importance in being a puddle the Bible says the blood is the life with no blood do you can't possibly survive so blood both red cells and white cells are made in the bone marrow and then this is something it may not have heard of but it's just as important as blood and that's calcium homeostasis Wow that's a word that means maintaining the calcium levels in our body at reasonable levels and this is important because calcium plays a number of roles you know bones are made of calcium so it's a good source for calcium or storage form but the glue that holds our body together cell adhesion proteins depend on calcium calcium is involved in the regulation of muscle contraction if there is no calcium available we couldn't contract our muscles that would just go flaccid if there is too much calcium and we probably go into tetiny or our muscles would lock up cells have to talk to one another they just can't behave as a bunch of individuals we've got 30 trillion cells in our body and they have to be in communication and communication between cells involves calcium as well well the largest bone in our body is the femur that's the one in the upper part of our leg and you know what the smallest bone in the body is boy it wins by a huge margin these three little bones that we have in our ear way inside and what we call the middle ear and the first one they're number one is it's called the malleus or the hammer it's kind of shaped like a a crude hammer and - is often called the animal or the incus I think they needed an anvil to go with a hammer I'm not sure this looks like an anvil but number three here the stay peas which means stirrup really does look like a stirrup it has a foot plate everything this little bone is being compared to a dying look how small it is compared to a dime it's three tenths of an inch long and it weighs 110 thousandths of an ounce it's by far the smallest bone in the body and you might wonder what are these little bones doing such tiny bones well they're in what we call our middle ear and they're located right there in the circle and what they do is really fascinating sound is transmitted through air in vacuum you can't have sound it needs air molecules and these air molecules hit the eardrum causing it to vibrate just like the membrane and a microphone will vibrate when we talk into it and that causes these little bones to wiggle and at the end where the stirrup is the foot plate fits into an oval window year that's called a little quintal by the way and that's attached to an organ here the cochlea that means snail shell and it really does look like a snail shell so sound is going through air then it's going through these bones and then it goes into the water mostly water inside of the cochlea because these cells that do the hearing need to be in a warm liquid environment so they don't dry out the problem is when sound goes from air to water there's an impedance mismatch a lot of the energy is lost in fact going from air to water about 99.9% of the sound energy does not enter the water it reflects off that's why if you're in swimming floor at the like you're underwater you can't hear somebody yelling even outside so what these little bones are doing for us here is urns they're restoring a lot of that kind of Glaus that we would otherwise have and the sound vibrates the bones that bones makes a little foot go in and out of that oval window and that changes the flow of liquid inside this cochlea and that finally becomes sound well when we're born we have really more bones and we have as an adult it may be surprising to you but we have a lot of bones in our body to come in separate pieces the hip bone for example is really three different bones the ilium ischium and pubis bone so we'd count that as three but they fuse together during development so whereas a baby has about 270 bones in its body an adult has about 107 or 207 I should say 206 207 depending how many bones you have in your tailbone or coccyx our skeleton really begins as cartilage you're familiar with cartilage this is cartilage in your ear it's Wiggly it bends it's like hard rubber or some kind of rubber they have cartilage in our nose I've currently several places in our body and almost all the bones of our body began while we're in the womb as cartilage and bone begins to form at about six weeks a development and isn't complete until about 21 years of age before the last conversion of cartilage to bone takes place there's two components of bone should make it easy to understand just two materials two kinds of material there is the organic matrix organic simply means carbon containing and it makes up about 30% of the dry weight of a bone so if you had a dried bone here and you weighed it 30% of that dry weight would be organic material and most of that 95% of it would be a protein called collagen collagen is what you see when you look at a piece of leather that's all collagen woven in the leather so think of it 30 percent of the dry weight of a bone is basically leather blend into the bony material and then 70% of the dry weight quite a bit more is inorganic material inorganic materials are typically salts and things like that and the most common in organic material in our bone is calcium but there are also other mineral salts as well as you can see in the picture here these mineral salts tend to form a special type of crystal that we see both in geology and in biology and it's called hydroxyapatite it's by far the hardest material in our body we have almost pure hydroxyapatite on the enamel of our teeth so our teeth enamel that that coating on the surface is just about completely / mineralized or mineralized when you think about it that means the enamel in our mouth is one part of our body this fossilized completely fossilized while we're still alive well we have these two materials and together the organic and the inorganic they form something called a composite material and you may have done an experiment showing the composite nature of a bone composites things like fiberglass are composites you have a fiber wall a glass wall and then a glass resin and a two together makes a very good boat hull a fiberglass boat hull but if you just use the resin let that harden up without the wool the glass wall it would be brittle and break and if you just use the glass of all it wouldn't hold water it would leak but to put the two together you get what we call a composite and bone is a wonderful composite for example here is some reinforced concrete and the one on the left there looks like it's getting to be a little dangerous that's called rebar those metal bars in there and the rebar greatly increases the strength of concrete you can also see the rebar rods over here and the other piece of concrete what if you made a bridge out of concrete and you left the rebar out when the truck went over crunch if it just break what if you made the bridge out of the rebar and you left the concrete out the truck would go over the bridge and it would Bend but you put the two together and you get something new called a composite and God is a master of composites because our bonus will see truly is a marvelous composite in fact you may have done this experiment with a chicken leg a lot of people do this as a science experiment you can get like three chicken legs that's the hardest part of the whole experiment finding a three-legged chicken but once you got that you're on your way you take one of the like chicken leg bones just the bone you get to eat the meat off and you put it in vinegar for a couple of weeks completely submerged in vinegar after a couple of weeks the mineral will have dissolved because of the acid in the vinegar and you can tie this bounine or not it looks like nothing happened the bone looks pretty much the same as it did before except the minerals gone you basically end up with a leather bone try this with a chicken leg bone and then if you wanted to see what bone would be like if it was only mineral and no organic material you can get rid of the organic material by taking the chicken leg and putting it on a charcoal grill and burning off basically all the college's like burning up a pair of leather gloves that stuff burns collagen and you'll be left with a hundred percent mineral bone after it cools that's important after it cools if you take the bone and you hit it on something hard it'll just shatter so it's very hard but it's brittle but again God's composite of using collagen basically leather with mineral hydroxyapatite putting the two together producing something that's extraordinarily hard in fact bone the strength of bone is approximately that of cast iron pounds pound about the same as cast-iron here you can see some people living in rural Romania they're making bricks as a composite material they have a little form there and they put straw down into that form and then they add the clay and the two together make much stronger brick than if you just made it out of clay and of course much stronger than if you just made it out of straw but two together straw clay make a strong brick there's an interesting story behind that the the whole thing with the children of Israel having been captive in Egypt for 400 years Pharaoh decided he was going to make things more difficult for them because they wanted to go out and worship their God get away from Pharaoh for a while Pharaoh didn't allow it led to the plagues but Pharaoh had given the children of Israel a quota they had to make so many bricks a day in one of the storage cities of Pharaoh and the quota was just at the level of human endurance you could just get that many made and that was it they used to bring the straw to the children of Israel as they made brick but Pharaoh decided to make them find their own straw so now they had to go out and hunt up all the straw and yet keep the same quota of bricks made of a combination of clay and straw they went to Moses and ultimately to God and said there's no straw given to your servants and they say to us make brick well you know how that all turned out they were unable to do it and thanks be to God they were allowed to leave the Promised Land further the bondage and go to the promised land well we said there were two types of material and bone the organic the inorganic they're basically two types of cells that are important and bone once called the osteoblasts and when you see that word blast associated with a cell it means a cell that's still producing or making something so for example an array blast is all that's making hemoglobin before it's released into the bloodstream once it gets out in the bloodstream is not making hemoglobin anymore in fact it loses its nucleus it's basically not even alive then we call it an erythrocyte so in osteoblasts is a cell it is secreting the organic matrix or component of bone the mineral comes out of the tissue fluids gets attracted to this organic material so it sets up sort of like plaster well we have the osteoblasts and then there's another cell type called the osteoclast the osteoclast removes bone you could say we have a bone maker and the bone breaker probably wonder why would you even want a cell that would remove bone you make the bone leave it alone well it turns out that at least since the fall little micro fractures and things happen in the bone and these need to be repaired and so bone is being constantly removed and replaced removed and replaced and so the osteoclasts removed some bone they asked you to bless put it back osteoblasts remove osteoblasts put it back this is called turnover and many things in our body practically everything it has a cell turnover time it's been said that the bones of your body are completely replaced in about 15 years so after 15 years is probably nothing in your body that was there 15 years earlier you realize what that means I'm 15 yeah if you're talking about the age of the meat of the body we really don't have anything older than that in fact our skin cells are on the surface they are only about a month old and red blood cells only lasts about a hundred and twenty days before they're replaced the lining of the GI tract turns over in four days so well we should live forever certainly at that right but we don't something went wrong you know what it is sin it took a beautiful body designed to last forever and left us with our threescore and ten or if by reason of strength fourscore this is what the cells look like the cells that are being pointed to here with a green arrow now these are the osteo blue that make that bone at first it's called osteoid because it's soft but then it attracts mineral from the tissue fluids and becomes our bone and then we have this big cell here that's the osteoclast and it actually is several cells that have fused together to form a kind of a giant cell if you go we call it a syncytium so these have the ability to dissolve not only the mineral but also the organic material of bone you can see it's removed a little piece of bone right here well how do bones grow they start out as a piece of cartilage over there on the left what you see in white here is just solid cartilage and cartilage can't stand blood vessels so blood vessels have to keep their distance but eventually blood vessels do encroach on this little cartilage model of a bone and when they do bone is formed in the center here you can see a vessel coming in here and it's called a primary center of ossification so that's where the bone begins to forms in the center then blood vessels will enter the cartilage at each end of the bone this is a little cartilage knob at each end and we'll get a secondary center of mineral formation but as long as we keep a little plate of cartilage right in the middle here between the end and the shaft this bone can continue to grow in length and that explains why some dogs have long legs and some have short legs these are called growth plates and as long as the growth plate is active the leg can grow in length well once it ceases to be active it gets converted into bone there's no cartilage left then there's no further growth in the length of bone so for bone to grow from a shape like you see in the blue outline to grow to the size that it is out here we had to remove some bone here and we had to add some here so there's a constant necessity to remove bone and add bone so that bone can change its shape and its size usually don't think a bone changing its shape and size but bones very dynamic when we put load on bone it tends to become stronger we have a bump behind our ear called a mastoid process there's a muscle that goes from your sternum here and clavicle up to that that's the muscle that lifts your head when a baby's born and they start working on lifting their head and that tendon that goes into the bone back here causes the bone to build up mass to keep that tendon from being pulled out and we can feel that bump that developed after we were born the mastoid process right behind well this is a the bones of a foot there's 20 26 bones in just one foot so a lot of Bones 27 bones in your hand 33 bones in your vertebra of your body and so we even have a huge number of bones that make up the skull over 20 bones to just make up the skull these of all fuse together well cartilage would be for example that part of the foot and these are the tarsal bones of the foot and this bone out here metatarsal bone would just be starting to go from cartilage to bone and the cartilage isn't turned into bone the cartilage is replaced by bone let's look at a little piece of toe bone from a developing human fetus this is just one small bone from the toe and you can see we this is cartilage at both the ends cartilage has no blood vessels it's anaerobic tissue this is very unusual not many things in our body are truly anaerobic that get no blood supply but that's true of cartilage but cartilage has the advantage it can grow from within we call that interstitial growth it can get bigger by growing at the surface as well as inside as cells divide whereas bone like plaster could only grow at the surface you'd have to add it to an already existing surface so a blood vessel gets a little close causes currently cells break down and die and we get a center of bone formation right in the middle here keeping cartilage at both ends here's a little later period of time when that primary center of bone formation is expanded we still have cartilage at both ends pretty soon there would be a secondary center that would develop in each end and that would make the ends of the bone and by leaving a plate of cartilage in the middle right in here we would have what we call a growth plate we also keep cartilage on the ends of our bones that forms the joint we call it articular cartilage and it's nice and slippery there's a seal so it's a sealed chamber and it's has oil like material in there that lubricates so the cartilage is slippery it has that lubricant and makes the joint freely flexible sadly since the fall people can get diseases where the cartilage is lost or damaged and then we get bone on bone and that's a pretty painful experience if we take an area that you see there in the blue box and we magnify it to see what that cartilage looks like here it is under the microscope so the cartilage is on the top up there the bone is in the bottom that's at the end of a long bone and this cartilage hopefully will never be lost it'll be retained throughout life it forms a kind of a cushion between the joints it's slippery there's a lubricant in the joint space here and should give us a nice freely moving right as long as we don't lose the cartilage here's a tibia and fibula the lowest part of the leg there's an x-ray and in this x-ray we can see that there is something called an epistle plate that's the growth plate as long as this individual has that growth plate growth hormone will allow their legs and their body to get bigger to get longer but here you see that cartilage growth plate it rose from here to here this is bone down here the cartilage breaks down forms what we call calcified cartilage it's a kind of a very short-lived soluble type of material but it makes a good anchor on which to deposit bones so bone is placed on top of these little beams of calcified cartilage coming off this growth plate and by this growth plate continually trying to get thicker but having its thickness checked by being replaced by bone it allows our leg to grow longer and longer well this is actually a human femur it's the distal end towards the knee and this was from an individual is about probably my age when he died and you can see where the growth plate used to be right here yeah that looks like a dove flying and so if you were to administer growth hormone to somebody of that age they would not get any taller if they were a child and still had their growth plates they would get taller and taller but if your growth plates have already just been replaced with bone growth hormone will not influence bones can get thicker like your fingers could get thicker with high growth hormone but they wouldn't get longer so this individual has reached maximum age the reason the basset hound has showed her legs its growth plates quit working earlier than the Greyhound where he gets a long leg but what's really interesting here look at this bone in edge we call this compact bone that makes bone in kind of a tube and then we look in here in this spongy looking bone here is called guess what spongy bone not a good name for it sometimes it's called trabecular bone but spongy bone is kind of works for me notice the spongy bone isn't just any ol way it's arranged in Palisades or columns you see it here and all the weight on the knee is hitting right on that surface and those pellets or columns of spongy bone are perpendicular to that line of force and that makes spongy bone very strong and yet not be so heavy as if the bones were all just solid bone the bones are hollow we have marrow being made at least in younger people and bone here but this is all a spongy bone it gives strength without adding to the weight we see that sometimes when we make it a table or a shelf out of wood and we put too much weight on that wooden shelf and you know what happens it bends but we can keep that from happening not by making a thicker shelf that's a wasteful way to go about things we can just cut another piece of the same stock as we have at the ends put it in the middle and that'll support the weight very nicely that's the whole principle we're talking about here with these columns of bone lined up with the direction of the force it comes to bear and these bone pieces these little Palisades this spongy bone can change its shape over time osteoclasts erode part of it osteoblasts add bones so the whole orientation can change for example when a lady becomes pregnant I've got about 20 pounds of weight out here that hasn't been there before the spongy bone inner thighs the legs hips what-have-you can all reorient remodel to be optimized oriented in the best possible way to bear the force coming to bear so it's pretty remarkable God made bones that aren't like plaster or stone they're dynamic they're alive they're growing they can change their shape to best accommodate the forces that are being brought to bear on it it's believed this is accomplished in part by electrical signals when bone is bent it actually even dead bone when it's bent gives off an electrical charge it's called a piezoelectric effect and it's believed those electrical charges recruit the osteoblasts in the Ostia the command and change the shape of the bone itself so here's a higher power view you can see how the spongy bone is arranged in columns that are perpendicular to the lines of force and as I say these can change in their orientation and that's the growth plate right there well the bone I've been showing you is from the femur this is the other end of the femur you can see similar spongy bone to the left there you see a drawing that shows how the beams are arranged they are arches that intersect from both sides and this gives the neck of the femur and that end of the femur a great deal of strength in fact the Eiffel Tower the person who designed the Eiffel Tower used the architecture of the femur I'm told to design these arches that intersect down here in the base of the tower then if we look at that area that you see in blue there we have compact bone and spongy bone close together let's magnify that take a look at it here is the compact bone over here and everything else is spongy bone to the left of it just think those spaces are filled in with with living cells and fluids and what have you it's not air in there it is all liquid or cellular and the compact bone is alive too and you wonder where the cells in this compact bone well if we were to just take a section and look at the wall here from say in here out to here in this illustration we can see what the wall of compact bone looks like this would be outside the bone out here this would be inside the bone and we're just looking at the wall of this cylinder that makes up the the cortical bone or compact bone and in this model we can see that is very vascular even this dense compact bone all these red lines are blood vessels they run along the length of the bone as well as going from vessel to vessel across tit notice the basic architecture of bone of compact bone is really a lot of cylindrical structures put in there together we can see them here this is sort of like if you were able to go in and carve the bone out to show these cylindrical structures protruding you would see something that looks like this there would be several layers to it and in the middle is a hole and in that hole in the center there are blood vessels and so that's how each of these tube-like structures gets its blood supply we call these bony tubes osteons that's the sort of functional unit of compact bone and so this is an osteon this is one this is one here's one here here's another and you might wonder how did those tubular structures of bone ever get in there what happens is in osteoclast drills a hole one osteoclast they say can keep up with about a hundred osteo bless so osteoclast or two can burrow a hole right into compact bones so we could drill a hole say right here this big around and then a blood vessel drops into that hole bringing with it bone forming cells progenitor cells of bone they then start making bone from the wall of this hole or cylinder that you burrow it out of the bone and they build in towards the center and they stop short of filling it with bone that's where the blood vessel will run down the center notice in the picture here you see what looks like a worm gear almost a bunch of fibers going different directions that's showing you that there are really just dozens of concentric rings of collagen leather fibers that are running through the bone so unlike the bricks are made with straw the straws in there just any old way when God makes brick it's a whole different story each layer of the collagen is oriented different than the next this is like plywood and this orientation is is changing constantly as you go down through the bone all different directions and it gives bone the tremendous strength due to this diversity and sister this osteon arrangement how it here we have the connective tissue that forms the surface of the bone it's called the periosteum it's a tough fibrous material it attaches down to the bone very very tightly well let's get a more magnified view of what we're looking at there here we're looking at the bone straight in from the top and this would be one version system or osteon haversian is also another name for lots of synonyms the canal in the middle is called a haversian canal was named after Clopton Havers interesting story there Clapton Havers many many years ago when he was first people were beginning to look at bone in the microscope he saw those little holes in cross-sections of bone like this and they became known as haversian canals after Clopton Haber's and he thought that they were responsible for the sweat that occurs on our forehead that the sweats would somehow come up in the body and go through these little holes and come out on the forehead so people over time even scientists can be very wrong in their understanding of something and they have to constantly update and change god's word is always the same if you notice that years ago when I was in graduate school I got a set of books that was titled cell biology published by Academic Press very expensive or it was called the cell that was what this set was called there were four volumes called the cell and these four volumes basically taught us everything we knew or told us everything we knew about the cell at that time this is back in the early 60s well by the time I graduated from grad school these books were already out of date I ended up throwing three of the four away I kept one of them and that one that I kept I like to put right now to my Bible on the bookshelf the one on the cell is so out-of-date that it's really not even useful book to read anymore in the Bible is still spot on God's Word is changeless and it's always true so that reminds me the science book God's book side by side keep things in perspective so here are those concentric rings of collagen fibers and in their cells these little spaces here called lacunae there's a cell that would be in each of those and those cells would be osteocytes so they wouldn't be asked to bless they're not making bone anymore they're buried in bone as they formed bone a lot of these osteoblasts got themselves buried sort of like flies anointment boy if you're buried in concrete you'd have a few problems one would be breathing and the other would be getting food nutrients and waste products out so how does a cell that's alive buried in something as hard as cast iron how does it stay alive how does it get its nutrition how does it get its oxygen well it all has to come from the blood vessel in the center here and it has to go from the center through little canals so tiny we call them canaliculi and these little canals go all the way out to the edge of this hasti on from here to here so over here the same thing little canals would go out and you would see several layers of osteocytes cells in there these osteocytes are probably involved in mineral homeostasis they're adjusting the amount of calcium in our body which is very critical it's not something we have control over thank the Lord it's all automatic notice in some places the vessels not only go through the middle of these little canals over sea and canals but they also have branches that go off to the neighbor and we call these Volkmann canals when they go crossways traversing canals when they go longitudinal you're probably wondering how do we get this bone in the middle you know how we got the cylinder the hole was drilled by an osteo quest and was filled from the outside in but how did you get the bone in all these places these are parts of old osteons that were drilled into to create the new ones so these are older osteons here these are the most recent ones here and they overlap because they were drilled into these structures so as a result compact bone is truly compact it's not like spongy bone with a lot of beams and processes let's take one osteon and magnify it only not in a model in a real human bone and here it is that hole in the middle that's where you would have a small blood vessel like the capillary one or two would be in there that would provide the nutrients these little spaces out here would contain the osteocytes that got themselves buried as he laid down osteoid got left behind buried in cement and they have to communicate with the other cells and get the nutrition all the way from this source down here how do they do that well let's magnify this a little bit now you notice it looks like a lot of spider legs coming off of me each one of these lacunae this would hold one osteocyte here and these little processes are cell processes from the osteocytes there would be hundreds of them probably per cell going out in all directions passing through tiny little canals in the bone and the osteocytes are the processes from one hasta site meet and touch in these little canaliculi processes coming from the next neighbor and the nutrients and signals electrical signals and what have you i passed from cell to cell all the way out to the periphery of the osteon so you couldn't even count how many little canals and processes there are here and this is like a bucket brigade this cell here would pick up nutrients from this blood vessel and with its processes would pass it to the processes of this cell which would pass it to the next to the all the way up let's crank up the power a little more here and look at this little lacunae right here in life there would have been a cell in there an osteocyte with lots of processes everything else would be layers of collagen and hydroxyapatite mineral that composite material combined together very very intimately well what would a cell look like that resides in a little space like this I took a scanning electron micrograph of one of these cells some years ago here is an osteocyte you can see some of its processes there would be many many more than this and this is the lacunae in which the cell sets and the stuff that looks like straw out here those are the collagen fibers and then embedded right into those fibers sort of married into the fiber is this mineral hydroxyapatite and it's believed that that combination of collagen which is like leather and the hydroxyapatite when that's bent can produce electrical charges that recruit osteoblasts and osteoclasts and allow bones to change in shape and increase in strength or lose their strength over a period of time well we couldn't do a whole lecture on bone without talking about the famous tail bone I don't like the name tail bone because that bone is not a tail his proper name is the coccyx named after beak on a bird and we see it located right down on the end evolutionists like to point out that that is a vestigial organ it has no function today it's merely a leftover from our tailed ancestors well I say we evolved from ape-like creatures and apes don't have a tail either so I guess this would have to go back to our monkey ancestors that preceded our ape ancestors I hope you understand I don't believe any of this but what about that coccyx our tailbone not having any function I read that all the time there's no excuse for anyone to say that anymore let me just give you an idea what the function is this whole area here this is the pelvis this is the pelvic Inlet right here during childbirth the baby's head would fit down and pretty much fill this area and this pelvis would have to open up a bit by softening the joints which happens during delivery allows the three bones in each side of the pelvis to open a little more to just allow the baby through but what is the coccyx doing well it's not just sitting there reminiscing about the past it's a set of three or four fused bones some may be in completely fused but there are a lot of muscles that attach to the coccyx in fact if we were to say how important and functional a bone is is based on how many muscles attach to that bone coming from how many different directions the tailbone might win is one of the most functional bones in the body let me show you what's attached there you're now looking down at the pelvis seeing muscles that make the floor of the pelvis we call this the pelvic diaphragm everything from the urethra anus vagina in the case of female's rectum all go through this this area here and this forms a muscular floor on our pelvis there's a pair of muscles coming in here called the pubococcygeus we can see those here's the tailbone itself or coccyx and here are the two pubococcygeus muscles that come in then there's a fan-shaped muscle coming in from the hip bones they're called iliac oxygen and then there's another pair of muscles all tying into the coccyx or tailbone called the cox Aegis muscles here are six muscles they're actually more involved in this and they all critically anchor on that coccyx you can see it in their name pubococcygeus ileal Cox's Cox Aegis muscle and what is the function of that muscular floor well the pelvis is a number of things in it it has the uterus in the case of females that it has the urinary bladder it's it's a busy area and because we stand upright we need to have a pelvic floor that keeps these pelvic organs in place the rectum is also in this area so that is a muscular floor which if it were not there nothing would impede the organs of our pelvic region just literally passing down between our legs so a very functional organ and with so many muscles coming from so many different directions attaching to that bone that explains why if you've ever fallen on your so-called tailbone it really hurts right in fact I say when you fall on your coccyx there's three positions you cannot bear it to be in one is standing one is setting and the others lying down all three are just too painful to endure so that's because bones this bone is muscles attached to it pulling all these different directions well God has given us a wonderful skeleton wonderful muscles to move this great skeleton the Bible has a lot to say about the bones of Jesus Christ did you know that we go back into the Psalms Psalm chapter 6 verse 2 we find that the Lord heals or troubled bones have mercy on me O Lord for I am weak O Lord heal me for my bones are troubled and you know who healed our troubled bones don't you Jesus Christ by enduring a lot of troubled bones of his own look at Psalm 22 verse 14 these are the very thoughts of Jesus Christ on the cross all way back here in the Old Testament Psalm 22 you know Jesus tell the disciples that were on their way to Emmaus after he after his resurrection they were all downtrodden because they thought Jesus was dead and that was the end of them and Jesus caught up him and he opened up the old testament to these gentlemen on the way to Emmaus and told them that the Old Testament was about him was about Jesus Christ and look at this as Jesus is on the cross just think of this he says I am poured out like water and all of my bones are out of joint the whole process of crucifixion involved having the arms pulled up high like this that raises the chest bones makes it hard to breathe it's like hanging by your arms try that sometime from a bar hanging by your arms and see how hard it is to breathe because normally we change the size of her chest by lifting and lowering our ribs but we don't have that motion when we're hanging in that way to hasten death what they would do is break the legs so that the person on the cross could no longer support their own weight and then it was just literally dead weight hanging and death would follow very quickly Jesus goes on to say Psalm 22 verse 17 I can count all my bones they look and stare at me think of it as Christ hung on the cross he could see the people it's tears the taunts and he could count the bones in his body they all hurt so much and then when we go to the New Testament John 1936 it says for these things were done that the scripture should not should be fulfilled not one of his bones shall be broken foretold in the Old Testament and at every Jewish Passover that Paschal Lamb that is offered there and and eaten it was one of the rules that they follow to this day to not break any of the bones in the Lambs body well what a savior we have how much he suffered for us to save us from sin death and the power Satan well speaking of bones my oops my boss Ken Ham let me get things back up here has written a book about bones uh calls it fire in my bones you can get this if you go to answers insider.com sign up for our newsletter which comes free and then if you want you can download a free digital copy of mr. hams book fired my bones and it gives his background how he developed the enthusiasm and the drive to build the Creation Museum they have the vision to do something like this and to build the ark a wonderful audio book that's available to you free and speaking of Ken my favorite book that of all the books he's written is written write a number is a book he wrote about 25 years ago called the lie it's gone through a lot of revisions it's been updated and improved on but it is still a lot of us here at the museum believe the single best book dealing with the whole issue of why is the creation issues so important to the Christian why the biblical text so depends on it and then Ken has expanded on that in a book called gospel reset where he really deals with how the whole book of Genesis impacts on Christianity here's a book I had a hand in myself called glass house it came out just this past year several of us here on staff we're speakers and writers got together and kind of wrote chapters updating things in our own field I wrote a chapter on human evolution here the evidence for and against it and I wrote a another chapter that I had the most fun with it dealt with the question are birds dinosaurs if you don't get a chance to read the book the answer's no not even close but I give you all the firepower you need in that chapter for anyone that tells you birds are dinosaurs the differences are profound I've also had a hand in the writing of all four of these as have other people on the staff here it's called our answer book series four volumes in these books the questions for about how to actuate a little over a hundred questions the most common questions we get we put together and answer them in these four volumes so that makes quite a library set you can get it as a set I recommend it it's less expensive than getting individual volumes and then we've come out with a similar book called answers book for teens looking at things that particularly are of interest in the concern to the teenager it comes in two volumes Volume one and volume two and then we've come up with the answers book series for the little ones for the kids and there's eight volumes here the typical slender children's book I recommend getting the whole set less expensive that way and addresses answers of importance scripture and Genesis creation the flood for children speaking of the flood here's a book by Ken and Bodi hodge called a flood of evidence and it discusses the evidence for a global flood and its relevance and importance to us here's a book that really is for our time with all of the racial strife it's so unnecessary this book by Ken Ham and Charles where doctor where deals with the whole issue that we're really all one blood ultimately all sheriff mother and the father and Adam in Adam and Eve and that should be the end of racial strife were one blood we're one people were all related and we've got a version of one blood for children so check that out well I have a number of DVDs the one I gave today on bones I think is available now it would be just out I have one on birds called form to fly one of my favorite things to talk about is the ear and the eye those are two really amazing organs the Stevie Dee covers that of all the DVDs I've prepared this by the way is the most popular by far called fearfully and wonderfully made it deals with basically the first week in the development of a baby in the womb I then skipped to the end we talked about some of the things that happen at birth and so it's the book Tara DVD that you might be interested in and then if you really want to get the whole line so I put together a whole course called body of evidence it's eight DVDs each running about an hour and a half and it doesn't cover all the organs of the body but most of them you can buy individual and it comes with a book by the way if you get the whole set one of them deals with cells and tissues of the body one with the skin or integumentary system and I happen to have done a great deal of research and published many papers on skin worked on skin at Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota and at Washington University School of Medicine in st. Louis I have one on one of the videos in this set is on cartilage and bone and the skeleton covers many of the things we did today one is on the cardiovascular system heart Hollow blood vessels lymphatics what-have-you one on the respiratory system lung and air pathways and then the whole digestive system together with all of the glands like a liver and the pancreas and everything that worked with it and here it is hearing air and seeing-eye we have that covered and finally the urinary system so that whole set the basically of course in anatomy physiology directed at the homeschooler primarily junior high high school right in that age but we do have younger and older people it seems I've enjoyed it and then there's answers magazine which we like to point out is basically two magazines and in our insert for children and then the rest of it is for the rest of the family it's currently a six-issue magazine per year and we encourage you to get a copy of that by the way during the time that were closed due to the coronavirus close to outside guests we are making this offer anything you order and have shipped from us will be shipped free if it's $50 or more and while you got the time here's a whole course in creation apologetics we call it the master class it comes in six volumes it's all streamed on the internet and it regularly sells for over $200 talk about a discount there making it available for $19 and they give you two years to finish the course so plenty of time to get through it and then what can I say we are facing the same difficulties a lot of you are facing out there with shut down due to the corona virus and we could certainly use any financial assistance you may be able to give us in any amount just get on the internet go to Answers in Genesis org forward slash donate and we've tried to fill in this time that the museum and archive been closed down with lots of video programs such as the one you're watching and so this is the current schedule right now we're on every day of the week Monday through Friday at 12 noon and we are on every day of the week at 2:00 and then we're on three days a week Monday Wednesday and Friday at four two days a week at seven a Tuesday and Thursday and then there's a 7:00 p.m. session on Saturday and Sunday so lots of free material for you to study and look at and finally I want to tell you about something new for us here and that's called answers TV answers TV get on your internet type that in and you will go to a website that will give you a chance to subscribe to a streaming media platform run by Answers in Genesis here we have other people participating like Ray Comfort from other creation ministries but hundreds hundreds of videos certainly all the ones that I've done and everybody else here at the Museum all can be streamed and the cost is only $39.99 that's pretty close to $40 isn't it $39.99 a year so very inexpensive right now you stream it on your computer but this summer we're going to have an app that allow you to stream the answers TV through just about any kind of a device that you might have Apple iPhones iPads Apple TV Android phones tablets TV the Roku if you have a streaming device called a Roku it'll work with that there's another piece of software Microsoft Xbox consoles and even Samsung TVs that are made after 2017 a little stream answers TV and all of them well thanks for hearing me out in this hope you didn't learn more about all bones of the body and you really wanted to know but I'm dry talking about it I think you can see the hand of God and our skeleton is in all outs thank you

Channel: Answers in Genesis

Views: 16,218

Rating: 4.7977014 out of 5

Keywords: Biblical authority, Creation Museum, Answers in Genesis, truth, Dr. David Menton, skeleton, bones, anatomy

Id: pw1RCDVDvTY

Length: 63min 17sec (3797 seconds)

Published: Fri May 15 2020