Where is Evolution Going? 4/11/14 @ 6:30 pm EST

welcome back to our designer conference we've got a couple of sessions this evening and we're going to start off with dr. David Minton and then we're gonna have dr. Danny Faulkner dr. David Minton earlier we gave a pretty good bio for him a little bit of his background he has a speaker writer and researcher here at the Ministry of Answers in Genesis a wonderful man and I want to turn it right over to him to talk about where is evolution going thank you both of you oh my goodness here we are again hope you've all settled down from the meal and everything ready to wear is evolution going I'm not saying I have all the answers but I've been doing some thinking about it in fact I'd propose that this be a kind of a panel discussion and somehow the message got confused and they made it into a lecture I'm supposed to give a lecture I just wanted to talk about it and give a lecture so I guess this will be a panel discussion where you do all the talking my kind of panel discussion so subtitled on the backs of crystals because that's kind of a clue to where it's going first of all I'd like to begin with God's Word fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom revelations chapter 4 verse 11 you are worthy O Lord to receive glory and honor and power why for you created all things and by your will exist and were created notice that term will that means God intended for it wasn't just something that happened will that fits in with the word design that's a whole essence of design it means knowing it advance what you want to do and then setting out to do it so you are worthy O Lord to receive glory and honor and power and that worthiness is in part due to the fact that he is our Creator as you know the world has a very different explanation though they're very very different here's a gentleman in Shakman oh very distinguished scientist sadly he died some years ago he won the Nobel Prize in biochemistry so we're talking a top-drawer scientist to say the least he wrote a book called chance and necessity and in this book he said that everything in the biosphere everything in the living world came into being by just two principles one of them is chance I think you all know what he had in mind with that and the other was necessity what exactly did have in mind by that by necessity he meant the laws of nature and that my friends is where evolutions going chance doesn't get you very far as we'll see natural selection doesn't get you very far you have to look for something that produces sort of self ordering something that's a necessity something that's a law that kind of produces form or structure order anything at all to get a leg up on chance and so in his book specifically what he said and by the way he was an atheist very outspoken atheist he said chance alone is that the source of every innovation of all creation in the biosphere pure chance absolutely free but blind is that the very root of the stupendous edifice of evolution I could give you a quotes like this I mean all evening long we could just go one quote after another pure chance one moral suffice Julian Huxley I mean he's about as major figures you can find an evolution in fact the quote I'm giving you comes from a series of books called evolution in action published back in the 1953 Huxley was the keynote speaker when evolutionists were celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the publication yes of the publication of Origin of Species and the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Darwin's birth these you know just recently it was a hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Origin species in the two hundred of Darwin's birth so fifty years ago Julian Huxley was the keynote speaker to represent but evolutionists were thinking about and this is what he said about evolution nowhere and all of its vast extent is there any trace of purpose or even of perspective significance he said that evolution is impelled from behind by blind physical forces he went on to say that evolution is a just like this expression evolution is a gigantic and chaotic jazz dance of the particles and radiations hey that'd have been a good place to put a period right there I mean it kind of completes the thought we understand what he meant but he kept on after this and I'm telling you this is just a guest of mine I do think maybe possibly God came down grabbed him by the chinks this is Julian you're going to finish this sentence just the way I tell you do not deviate one word because how else can you explain that he went on to say as follows remember blind impelled by blind physical forces the chaotic Jantsch danced to the particles and radiations in which the only you see that word up there only in which the only overall tendency we've so far been able to detect is that summarized by the second law of thermodynamics the tendency to run we're down that would be the wrong way if you're on your way from an expanding cloud of hydrogen to say Albert Einstein somewhere you got to go up a little bit up it's amazing when people say these things just to give you further evidence that chance plays a major role in evolution several years ago I visited the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago one of America's great Natural History Museum's and they actually had incorporated a little gambling casino into their evolution exhibit just to emphasize the role of chance I took a picture of some kids going through here luck to think of them as Tommy and Sally I think there are brothers and sisters they started off over here at the this business on the left here that's called a dice layout they have these in gambling casinos I've been told and they were having fun just throwing the dice you know and banking them off the wall and I'll tell you I'm glad that a lot of young people don't read anymore because over the top was a sign that said is life just a game of craps you know craps it's a slang word for dice for chance I think Tommy your sister Sally there she just won big crap game her whole existence your mother your father your Christianity Wow I wonder if the parents prepared them for a challenge like this whether their pastor did or their youth pack preacher or their aunts and uncles or their grandparents did anyone prepare them to be challenged with is your whole existence just one big game of chance then they went over to the one-armed bandit and over the top there was another sign while they were cranking away on it on the top it said over time tiny mutations add up to big changes boy they got one thing right tiny mutations could really add up to big changes here's some tiny mutations right here for you their cancer cells growing in a dish called HeLa cells well tell my wife Debbie and I we both came down with cancer here a couple of years ago we've been battling Leavitt surgery and radiation and chemotherapy and the whole it really works in major changes but I don't think it's what the head might you think they thought or implying that these kinds of mutations work for the better boy these are some sick cells you're looking at here notice the nuclei are all different sizes there's odd lots of DNA in there the chromosomes aren't separating properly these cells came from lady over 60 years ago from her cervix she was 31 at the time checked in at Bolton in Baltimore at Johns Hopkins and they took these cells out and have been growing them in dishes ever since these cells are so out of control they just keep dividing normally the cells in her body only have about 20 divisions and that's the end maybe related to our lifespan these things have been dividing for 60 years and so far out of her cervix we've got about 20 tons of cells they've been used in biological research they're kind of the guinea pigs of cell biology dr. Jonas Salk used him to help solve the polio problem so the lady has certainly served us in that way now I'm talking about you know random mutations I'm talking about just chance if we had any evolutionists here they'd say you know you're just skipping over the thing that really makes evolution happen all evolutionists agree that if it was just random change you wouldn't get anything but the dealmaker is natural selection in fact as nearly as I can tell natural selection does everything for evolution that God does for creation well that better be some sort of a theory and we're talking to God substitute here anybody give me a definition of natural selection let's see how close you come natural selection is based on changes in the genes most of which are the result of mutations we're talking about random mutations there are mutations in our body that are not random they're predictable or reversible they're repeatable they have actually a function but we're not talking about those we're talking random mutations and you cannot select what mutations do not provide in other words we talk about selection natural selection really isn't selection and there's nobody out there making choices and what is there to select from you can only select from the mutations that are already there you want to do an interesting experiment go down to your friendly Midas muffler dealer and order a dozen yellow roses you won't get them you know why they don't stock them does it make any difference how badly you need the roses like you forgot your wedding anniversary or something no it doesn't make any difference at all they don't stock them you can't select them so you can't select what's not already there to be selected now let's get to what most people would be how they would define natural selection survival of the fittest is that what you've heard it's kind of what Darwin kicked around survival of the fittest remember now this is a God substitute so it has to have a lot of explanatory power what do we exactly mean by survival of the fittest which creatures survive why it's those that are fit isn't that true what precisely do you mean by the word fit isn't it the ability to survive think this one through for a while now what survived a fairly mean by fit you're able to survive which survive the favor do you mean by fit you're able to survive we're going in circles here this is called a tautology and if you like them I've got another one for you do you realize in America today deafness is a principal cause of total loss of hearing think it through for a while it doesn't really say anything it's really a poor God substitute that evolution's have been aware of the problem with natural selection being defined as survival of the fittest for good many years in fact 5060 years ago population geneticists changed the definition maybe another four or five hundred years we'll get down to our schools but they changed it from survival of the fittest to differential reproduction what they were saying by that is look the individual counts for nothing and evolution it has everything to do with whether you leave more offspring or not has to do with the population so they redefined natural selection as differential reproduction simply meaning those that leave the most offspring survived so all the mutations that occur simple question does this result in you adding to the gene pool by leaving more offspring or not what about mutations contributing to increased reproductive rates this is dr. James crow arguably a map one of America's greatest geneticists the time of this picture and quote he was professor and chairman of genetics at the University of Wisconsin Medical School and he said that the typical mutation is very mild usually has no effect which shows up as a small one shows up is a small decrease in viability or fertility once again that'd be the wrong way by the way dr. crow is is retired now and he's spending what's left of his life working on evolution trying to improve our understanding of it well let's look at a few more things that are going to impact on this whole business of natural selection to see if it really does work for us we know it happens because it really produced fundamentally new organs and creatures MOTO chimera is one of the great evolutionary geneticists he came up with a concept known as chimeras distribution or the mutation effect he said look the zero line right in the middle would be a neutral mutation be neither good nor bad just neutral the interesting thing is is I don't know if Ain't neutral mutations are all at least a little bad so if you look at his curve that he draws on the left would be the negative mutations the ones that are harmful and over on the right the curve you see over here would be the positive mutations that are downright beneficial you notice he didn't put anything over there he said he didn't know of anything that was beneficial to the organism in its normal environment so even on the negative side he doesn't quite make it to zero because he doesn't believe there's really any truly neutral ones but notice that the ones that are not terribly negative are the most numerous that's a good deal isn't it and then as they become more and more negative there are fewer of them and those that are positively lethal out here of course fortunately very rarely but his whole argument is a good part of this curve is in a no selection zone that is natural selection has no ability to select out these features you to remove them and as a result we we accumulate mutations this is this genetic load that's been building ever since Adam and Eve's kids they could marry their own brothers and sisters they had no negative genetic baggage to gang up on them today of course we can't do that because carry a double dose of bad genes that come homozygous for something really dreadful even if there were just a few good not very good but slightly good mutations they would fall in this no selection zone or you really can't get rid of them nor can they really help you there was a mathematician by the name of holding mathematician geneticist and he came up with what has come to be known as Hall Danes dilemma he basically argued that for creatures that don't you know reproduce very quickly they have longer lifespans they like humans primates what-have-you most mammals you couldn't get enough successful mutations occurring in one individual to really do anything in a paper he published some years ago back 1957 he said in this paper I shall try to make quantitative the fairly obvious statement that natural selection cannot occur with great intensity for a number of characters at once unless they all happen to be controlled by the same genes which is very unlikely well Paul Danes dilemma has been sort of dismissed by a lot of people but in a pen published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology this investigator made this rather refreshing comment though the scientific community in general no longer regards Holdings dilemma as a problem there remains little clarity as to how it became dismissed and as recently as 1992 the issue is still regarded as a challenge by evolutionary biologists well some people have rather despaired of whether natural selection can really do anything in the way of producing fundamentally new creatures in a paper in annual review of genomics and human genetics these investigators said it remains a mystery how the undirected process of mutation combined with natural selection has resulted in the creation of thousands of new proteins with extraordinary diverse and well optimized functions they're just a flat-out mystery now there's a growing number of investigators and scientists who really are losing their confidence in natural selection as the whole answer not too many are willing to throw it out altogether but they really are not convinced it takes us very far doesn't produce fundamentally new structures it may ensure the survival of a creature and and get rid of defective organisms but as far as making things really new you can get on the website this is fascinating if you're not familiar with this website it's called descent from Darwin notice it's not descent like we descended from Darwin descent that means disagreement with Darwin so www.centralavenuechryslerjeep.com I'm not familiar with these people through creation circles they're not creationists by and large last time I checked there was over 850 scientists that had signed on at great risk I can tell you to their own careers to sign on you have to have a PhD or an MD degree and be working in a field of academic science you can't just be a practicing physician you have to be engaged in scientific research the signers include members of the National Academy of Sciences of several countries and you see many people from top private and public universities and research institutions across the United States and abroad check it out it's kind of eye-opening next time you hear somebody say there are no scientists that are at all critical now these people probably for the most part believe in evolution they're just saying natural selection really isn't answering the question for us well a fascinating book was published here a few years ago it's called the Altenburg 16 an expose of the evolution industry susan master is believes in evolution she's certainly not a creationist but she reported on a rather interesting almost clandestine meeting that was held in Altenburg Austria and this book recognizes or shows that evolutionists recognize the inadequacy of natural selection at least by itself to account for evolution and so 16 very very influential very high-powered evolutionists met in Altenburg Austria back in 1908 and their whole purpose was discussed the the reformation of the theory of evolution and the symposium was titled towards an extended evolutionary synthesis in other words were not throwing natural selection out but we need more now evolutionists have long said that Darwin didn't necessarily say there was nothing besides natural selection involved but it's kind of interesting to see you know precisely where are they going with this before we look at that I'd like to quickly back up and look at a comment by Deb Jansky that's become almost an axiom in biology and that is nothing and biology makes sense and the except in the light of evolution have you heard this before this is a whole argument for why evolution must be heavily indoctrinated in our schools because people really bought this idea that if you don't believe in evolution you can't do science right that was Bill Nyes whole thing without evolution you can't do science in fact as nearly as I can tell you can't even be a stand-up comic which is part of his career was involved in how about that well you know we were just talking about the Altenburg 16 I want to give you a quote from one of the Altenburg 16 people he happens to be chairman of systems biology basically cell biology at Harvard University at the Medical School there is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and then an article published in The Boston Globe in 2005 this is what he said and I quote in fact over the last hundred years almost all of biology has preceded independent of evolution except evolutionary biology itself now worse if you're going to do that you need evolution okay now he's talking about his own field so he knows what he's talking about molecular biology biochemistry and physiology have not taken evolution into account at all and that's pretty amazing huh no don't get the idea he's opposed to evolution in his creation is far from it he's part of the Altenburg 60 he's just trying to figure out you know how can evolution be made irrelevant you know evolution was developed what we call the modern synthesis about 70 years ago before we really got seriously involved with cell biology and and modern molecular biology and molecular genetics is really based in some very old technology and he's saying evolution so far doesn't really contribute anything to the modern I mean he feels that it could he's not saying that it intrinsically is enable unable to do that so where the Altenburg 60 can going it's kind of confusing the the meeting was sort of closed there were people reporting on it who managed to get some ideas out of it I see things going this way this extended evolutionary synthesis will now extend from natural selection which is not being discarded although there were a few there that we're ready to pretty much throw it up one of the fields is epigenetics they're looking at that is passing on traits outside of the genome we know there are things going on in the body that are occurring and being passed on to offspring outside the genome for example identical twins which are basically a clone have different fingerprints so you know something's going on here another thing they're looking at is self-assembly and finally and this is key self-organization notice they eliminate any possibility of willful design any input from a creator everything has to be spontaneous and natural it's just they know natural selection doesn't really do it and so they're looking for intrinsic ordering principles in nature ultimately I believe they'll be going toward something that we could I think fairly call occult forces by that I don't mean satanic forces by occult I mean unknown forces that produce structure see this is what the evolutions haven't come up with is structure if you're wondering where we are in molecular biology right now let's say your goal was to make a men's suit three-piece of a certain size worsted okay so far how far have you advanced on it you have come up with thread now where do you go with thread to make the three-piece men's suit you're going to have to weave it into a fabric you're going to have to cut the fabric pieces to a particular design you're going to have to sew them all together we're at the thread level genes code for proteins it's basically like the thread carat and college and things but how do you get an ear shape like this how do you get a feather well I'm not being pessimistic I think we'll learn more and more about this but it's going to probably lie outside that little paltry three or four percent of the genome that we have a pretty good understanding now and get into what was once called by evolution as junk DNA which the vast bulk of all the DNA which every creationists knew would definitely have a function and of course it does but this whole idea of the life being based in the back of crystals that we heard in that movie is really part of our evolutions going because you see the evolutionist looks at crystals is looking here's a hydrogen and oxygen and one would never been able to determine advance without actually seeing it that when these atoms hydrogen action in oxygen interact together under certain conditions in the atmosphere and changes in temperature and certain humidity and what-have-you they can form these crystals and these crystals if you notice all tend to be six-sided or six cornered some of them have absolutely perfect symmetry most of them have little defects and are not perfect symmetry and evolutions are looking for things like this to produce the the the order and the structure that's missing just from coding for proteins here's that funny line you've probably all seen this is from the movie expelled where Ben Stein is talking to Michael ruse asking about how did living cells begin oh I love this description from Michael ruse oh I didn't tell him to hook up this sound forgot about that as you know he says it probably formed on the backs of crystals have you seen this video probably formed in the backs of crystals so Ben Stein says that's fascinating could you expand on that a little bit and it's as I told you on the backs of crystals and basically he was telling everything he knew that somehow living things would form on the backs of crystals well what does he mean by that there is out of the many many theories trying to explain how life could have evolved and technically they're really not theories one is the clay hypothesis it's not named after a person called clay it's named after clay crystals that occur in clay back in 1985 Graham Karen Smith was one of the first to propose maybe we could begin to get some of the order and complexity necessary for life by having the early organic crystal or organic compounds attached to crystals and because of the regularity in the crystals it might begin to impose some order and structure moreover crystals were found to sort of mutate as it were to vary a little bit not all the crystals are exactly the same and it was believed that these crystals could pass these changes on to their offspring crystals specifically complex organic molecules were believed to arise gradually pre-existing non-organic replication platforms of silicate crystals in solution in 2007 Carr and his colleagues reported that crystals of potassium hydrogen say light can act as a source of transferable information that is the little changes in the crystal can then go to subsequent crystals and this is what everybody's getting excited about that crystals will somehow put things together in an order and produce structure we all car kind of gave up on the idea when he finally conceded that the transfer of information from one generation to the next really wasn't occurring in a faithful way today we had people in the intelligent design movement I know we can get a little upset with them at times because they don't want to commit to the crater is but I think they've at least given us some ideas that we can use William demske in particular has come up with something he calls the explanatory filter and we can apply that when we look at biological systems or things in nature basically says you have three possibilities for explaining a complexity and order that you see in nature first does chance explain it if chance explains it then you would expect it to be statistically probable that it stands a good chance of happening statistically if you're going to attribute it to chance you need that the second possibility is does design explain it how do you know if design explains it he says is it specified is it locked into a particular specification and third possibly does a law of nature explain it if that's true it'll be repeatable it'll just happen again and again as a law of nature let's look at these things first is chance explain our observations we might ask can we distinguish chance from design well let's define our words I checked the dictionary chance is described as the absence of any known reason why an event should turn out one way or rather than another synonyms are fortune fate and luck design well no wonder the evolutionists hate the word design no wonder you can't teach intelligent design in our public schools look at the definition from the American College dictionary design means to plan and fashion artistically or skillfully to intend for a definite purpose to form or conceived in the mind to contrive to plan I suspect that's how you got to the museum how you got involved with this conference you made some plans and came here imagine if you would have just left it up to the evolutionary process of chance you just sort of sit and vibrate in place and see what happens now you made specific plans how you were going to get here when you were going to leave how long it was going to take where you were going to stay the whole thing well let's look at a couple of rocks see if we can tell whether designer whether the result chance there's a couple rocks what do you think either one of them look like they might be a beneficiary of any design they both have a point at one end kind of flat at the other one's a little more symmetrical than the other is symmetry and indication of design well how would we tell which of those is designed let's look at a bigger piece of rock you look up on this mountain you'll see that erosion has caused fissures ice is broken cracks in it the just general weathering phenomena has put more wrinkles in that rock than I've got on my face here I was up in Canada some fella come up to me afterwards and he says you mentioned you were 75 is you didn't look 75 to me but now that I see you up close you'll look 75 all right I told I'm just about the nicest thing anyone's ever said to me this is an interesting mountain 15 years after this picture was taken random weathering and what-have-you did this to it and I got a question for you let's see you drift it in from another planet okay you don't know anything about presidents you don't know anything about people you know a little bit about the the natural geology of the planet but nothing about the biology and you look up and you see that could you tell that was intelligently designed as opposed to the product of weathering erosion just natural processes you actually could you could crawl up on the nose for example of one of the presidents there and you would notice that whereas normally the the fissures and cracks in the rocks follow natural cleavage planes in this case the shape of that protruding what we now know as a nose people have drilled across with drills and forced the fracture plane to go in planes that are not what you would get if you just left it up to chance in other words we have forced the crack fracture planes basically a carving process that goes across natural cleavage planes that's kind of one of the ways we can tell chance from design what about the basic job of making proteins that's one of the things we do in our body we make a hundred thousand different proteins not a hundred thousand total proteins our body has a hundred thousand different proteins by the way when I was in graduate school there was an old axiom one gene one protein back Van it was all lockstep we would have a gene for each protein so with a hundred thousand proteins you'd have at least a hundred thousand genes it would code for these proteins how many genes they come up with when they finally did the sequencing well they were all over the place but twenty twenty-five thousand pretty well does it wow these genes must be doing some double duty someplace now it depends on where the reading frame starts or whatever to produce a hundred thousand different proteins proteins are made up of amino acids and there's 20 different ones that are used I'll ignore the fact that there are left and right handed versions they're all left handed we work with so the letters A through T cat 20 different amino acids that won't use their real name because it kind of breaks your tongue into just to pronounce them think of the amino acids forming a chain like these beads people wear nowadays that have little messages with different color beads and letters so a through T would be the full complement of amino acids that we use to make our hundred thousand different proteins how big is an average protein 400 to 500 amino acids long would be the size of the average protein so here's an interesting question I've shown what 500 dots would look like in a row if we started with an infinite supply of a through T amino acids and we could just put them in any which way we wanted so at each position of these 500 dots you could have any of those 20 my question is how many proteins could you make that would differ by at least one amino acid the answers lots lots that can do that let's take one of the proteins it's terribly important to us hemoglobin hemoglobin makes blood red hemoglobin binds oxygen you know if you think about our blood is warm isn't it never drink warm water if you drink water that's the temperature of your body it tastes flat if you notice that we prefer a cold water the reason we like the cold water is more oxygen dissolves in cold water there's very little oxygen in warm water thank you thank you have this warm largely water going through your bloodstream that you expect to carry oxygen down to your big toe well you wouldn't get much down there in warm water were it not for the fact that hemoglobin binds oxygen and gets down to that cell in the big toe and then the cell tries to talk the hemoglobin out of it to turn it over and that involves other enzymes and it gets very complicated but here's a red blood cell and red blood cells are red because of hemoglobin iron has a reddish color just as you see in mineral how big of a protein is hemoglobin well it's 539 amino acids long so it's on the larger size as proteins go and here's an interesting question if we were to start with right proportions of all of the amino acids right numbers of ABC 30 and we were to just you know put them in on the string like this we might start to scoring a through ta through Tia till we have to change it how many different combinations would we have to put together before we stumbled upon that combination which is hemoglobin well years ago an athiest by the name of isaac asimov of all people wrote an article called hemoglobin in the universe in which he did the math on this if you started with the right proportions of all the amino acids in our hemoglobin then how many different ways could you put it together he called it the hemoglobin number and there it is that's a big number four times ten to the six hundred nineteenth power that's four was six hundred nineteen zeros after it that's how many different ways you can put hemoglobin together if you start with the right proportions of all the amino acids man alive how do you tackle a number like this let's look at nine other zeros just the red part up there four times ten to the ninth no clock is ever ticked that many times clocks haven't been around that long they don't tick that fist every time you add a zero remember the number gets ten times bigger each time you had a zero let's add a bunch of them how about 80 zeros four times 10 to the 80th power how big a number is that well that's a number they throw around is probably the maximum number of atoms in the known universe that would be a big number and if we add one more zero it would be ten times the number of atoms estimated to exist in the known universe well we could keep going with this one more batch of numbers bear with me 150 zeros boy this is a huge number now this is called the universal probability bound statisticians say that the chance of something happening is worse than one out of that number the opposite is a certainty basically don't go there you see if you want to start playing games by invoking endless periods of time you undermine the whole statistic foundation of modern science statistics means nothing anymore if you're willing to get out the numbers like there's one out of this in fact statisticians have given us specific warnings not to do this so they call this the universal probability bound I don't know how to communicate how big this number is I guess the closest I can get is to tell you that the whole number up there is so big it's bigger than the current American national debt in dollars that are impressive now what do we need to make life we're talking about one protein by the way why would an an atheist even do this he did this article because he was showing that we now have a way to sequence proteins back then when he wrote the article and if we didn't have a way to sequence and we'd never come up with the right combination by putting them together until they finally worked by the way how many out of all those possibilities for putting hemoglobin together how many are no one to work normally five one adult hemoglobin and four fetal hemoglobin fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen allows the baby to sequester oxygen at a better rate than mom can fact there have been situations where the mother has been asphyxiated or has gone into a lake or river in a car and has died from his fixation but was pregnant and if they got to her quick enough they could deliver a living baby because the baby with its fetal hemoglobin was still pulling oxygen out well what's the simplest form of life we know we've just seen what's the likelihood of coming up with one protein well they say the simplest form of life is mycoplasma genitalium and it has 482 protein coding genes that would be as simple as it gets far as we know no way huh absolutely no way statisticians say this this the statistical explanation must operate in the last instance with very high probabilities but if our high probabilities are merely low probabilities which have become high because of the immensity of available time then we must not forget in this way it's possible to explain anything you just invoke endless time as they say it undermines the statistical foundation of modern science well back to our explanatory filter if chance doesn't explain it then possibly a design explains that if design explains it it will be specified first of all what do evolutionists say about design I think I don't know I look at the hand it kind of looks designed to me doesn't it to you but I know ophthalmologists who say they see no evidence of intelligent design and the eye and otolaryngologist who don't see evidence of intelligent design in the ear well Richard Dawkins freely concedes that there is evidence for design I'm sure you're all familiar with dr. Dawkins are you he's very outspoken atheists it's been said of dr. Dawkins that this man knows more things that aren't true than perhaps anyone alive so here he is he wrote a book called the blind watchmaker which was subtitled why the evidence of evolution reveals a universe without design so you got the whole idea of the book is that this is going to show you no design evidence for design in the universe then once again I think God came down got to hold him by the ears and said Richard on the first page of your book you're gonna write this sentence do not deviate because on page one that would be the first page he said the following and here it is printed verbatim just the way God told him to write it biology is the study of complicated things that give the appearance of having been designed for a purpose man alive if I were an atheist writing a book arguing that there is no evidence for design in nature I would have tried avoid saying this on the first page I might have kept it to page 200 or something or in a footnote but not on the first page well I agree with him biological systems certainly do give the appearance of having been designed for a purpose now how can he say this the reason you can say this is there's two things about what she's dead certain two absolute truths he does not question absolute truth number one is there are no absolute truths absolute truth number two is matter energy time and space is the whole of reality there's nothing outside of the material world so if you're going to explain the origin of people ourselves or whatever you have to do so in a purely materialistic way so the fact that biological systems look design doesn't fool him he knows there's no designer so then how does he explain it he says biological systems counterfeit design so you see there again that's where evolution is going what kind of counterfeiting mechanisms are there that give the appearance of design that have absolutely nothing to do with intelligence or planning well I agree with them biological systems give the appearance of being designed for purpose one organ I studied as I mentioned earlier today is the placenta what an amazing organ that is here is a placenta you can see on the left the side that the fetus would see the other side is a side that's plugged into the mother and when the placenta is unplugged from the uterine wall at the time of birth it severs several arteries that supply the blood to the placenta in fact the blood flow into the placenta is so fast at the time that the baby is born that approximately all of the blood of the mother goes to the placenta in ten minutes this means that when the placenta unplugs you are severing several arteries a little smaller in diameter than soda straws that are bleeding so fast that in ten minutes you will totally exsanguinate the mother anyone see a problem there could any wound be worse than this it's been said this is the worst wound anyone gets in lives what would a surgeon do in a situation like this well she'd probably grab a bunch of hemostats and just start clamping blood vessels fast as you can go well that's what God does too except he has a hemostats already in place little muscular sphincters and every one of the arteries and veins supplying the placenta soon as percenter unplug the dotted line means it always tears on the side away from the sphincter so the sphincter stays with the mother the muscles clamped down instead of being in sanguine aided in 10 minutes maybe lose a cup of blood and a normal pregnancy house dumb luck working for you so far so anyway the placenta has unplugged and if you look at it the side that was plugged into the uterus is lumpy and those lumps of which here is one lump they're called cotyledons and these approximately 20 cotyledons look like little trees if you look in a diagram for example between the two blue lines there this would be one of the cotyledons approximately 20 look like a little lump up here this is the trunk of the tree you have one trunk you have lots of branches branches go out two twigs some of the twigs attached to the uterine wall are called anchoring billing most of them are free babies blood runs inside of this little tree like the sap mother's blood runs through the branches of the trees out here so it's like a little forest of 20 trees mother's blood is like the wind blowing through the trees baby's blood is like the sap inside the tree so baby's blood is separated from mother's blood by basically what you might call the bark of the tree the surface let's look at that one of those little tips right there see the little twigs we'll look at that in the microscope we've we've cut across it slice it so we're seeing it end on and when we look at it up there this would be baby's blood inside the twig and this red blood cell loops wants to jump ahead on me the red blood cell just outside right here that would be mother's red blood cell over to the right here would be a white blood cell from mother inside here is a white blood cell of the baby do you see how close the blood is but it's separated by this pink line that you see right here now that pink line is a cell did you hear me right singular a cell it forms from millions of separate cells that fuse together they're called cytochrome flow blood cells they fuse and when they fuse they form the largest cell in the body it's believed that the surface of the placenta the pink line you see going around the twig in cross-section which is called the syncytial trophoblast is one silk it's a syncytial cell having been formed for millions and separate cells at fuse so lots of nuclei but basically one membrane how big would this cell be if you could flatten it out instead of covering all these little trees estimated be the size of the living room area rug eight by eleven feet mother's bloods on one side baby's bloods on the other air everything that goes from mom out here to baby or baby to mom has to go across that seamless surface water goes across passively unfortunately alcohol goes across so if mom consumes a lot of alcohol the baby could be born with fetal alcohol syndrome so here and there you see little clusters of nuclei that's where the nuclei are kind of pushed out of the way so there can be lots of things going across the placenta why in addition to this do I think that the placenta shows evidence of design because it does everything I mean it complices the function of most of the organs in the body it's a long it's a livers of digestive system and Endre consists of a urinary system baby can be born with no lungs do okay till you take the placenta way then it dies you know those hundred thousand proteins I told you about in the body there's one of them you may haven't hurt and maybe haven't heard of its called transferrin without transfer and none of us would be here how about that for important you see the baby has to make its own blood up here and the baby's only source of iron is from mother's blood comes from mother's blood up here only source of iron has to come across to baby's blood problem is the placenta is impermeable to iron anyone see a problem here the baby can't make blood the blood is the life iron doesn't come across the placental barrier except for transferrin transferrin is one of a couple of hundred Tran fort proteins in the placenta that go across pick up things from mother's blood bring it across the barrier and release it to baby's blood man I'd like to play a little game with the evolution is to say look I'm gonna give you a head start I'm giving you everything in the entire cosmos as a head start man that's generous huh I'm just keeping back one thing transferrin I'm putting it in my pocket here I keep this you get everything else you're done all placental mammals you'd be the last generation on earth now you could go to the gods of evolution and say this rascal Menten he gave me everything but he held back transferrin could you give me a few million years to dumb luck my way unto transferrin nope one generation you're done and it isn't so much irreducible complexity yes is Insur passable complexity you do not get to go to step C without be sort of like monopoly you know do not go go to jail go directly to jail do not pass goal well back to our explanatory filter does a law explain it now this is interesting this is a place evolutionists are looking where there could be laws that would give the appearance of design several years ago hold Charlie Darwin had a friend called ASA gray ASA gray was scientists it was not a Christian and he wasn't entirely convinced Darwin had an explanation for things and so he just bugged him all the time and one of the things he bothered him with is what about the bees honey comb Charles that's the least amount of wax you can use to enclose the maximum amount of honey does your theory explain that well there's what the honey comb look like perfect hexagons can't you just see the bees out there with our little protractors and everything getting hundred and twenty degree angles at the corners well Darwin wrote a letter back to ASA grape in the letter he says your letter actually turned me sick with panic boy ASA gray really spun his crank denny he did the remember the the peacock tail that was a sea grey again and alive he didn't let up on him Darwin went on to say that that this is the most wonderful of instincts beyond this stage of perfection and architecture natural selection could not lead for the the hive be as far as we can see is absolutely perfect in economizing labor to wax in other words he said that hexagonal arrangement that that's as far as natural selection could go it just takes it to the top is that true take a look at this picture right here those are soap bubbles floating in water a single layer of soap bubbles my lab tech called it a suit a uni bubby alert layer those bubbles form hexagons spontaneously this is a law of nature it is a law of clothes packing you take a bunch of pennies put them on a table push them as tight as they can go each penny will be surrounded and touched by six pennies not seven not five and if you could squeeze them together to squeeze that all the spaces you get hexagons so you see you don't need an enzyme for this you don't need a protein for this this is a law of nature a law of hexagonal close packing this is kind of where evolutions going can we find more things like that that can give us some order that can give us some structure so Darwin got bamboozled by the way of solitary wasps just makes one cell and it's a cylinder basically do this you make a cylinder around yourself but you get a bunch of bees doing this together in those cells pack against one another like the soap bubbles you get a hexagon hexagons are widespread in nature for example covering the organs of our body if you open up the body and look inside is like a grape it's called mesothelium or the mesentery and if you outline the cells in the mesentery they're hexagonal lining of blood vessels are hexagonal lining of the heart is hexagonal all simple epithelium ultimately packed together is hexagonal it's a law of nature now we're talking two dimensions aren't ly just two dimensions basically circles when pushed together in two dimensions become hexagons here's an interesting question for you if circles become hexagons what does spheres become now as we go into 3-dimensional space what happens there that wonderful creationists Lord Kelvin figured this out about 130 years ago it forms a structure called the Orphic Tetrick hydron it's a 14 sided polygon this represents essentially the minimum partition of three-dimensional space soap bubbles packed in a froth numbers more than one layer within the interior of the froth will approximate that shape notice that at least oriented one way they form columns these columns go vertically up through well you look at pith in the stem of a plant in this case in an elder plant the longitudinal axis through the plant you can see we have these hexagonal structures that are arranged in columns this is this close packing phenomenon that produces these columns of cells and pith if you look at a cross-section of stem and look down the columns you see I'm sorry what you have on the right hexagons going down the column now here's a little interesting side story I want to share with you back in 1665 Robert Hooke designed one of the very first microscopes that was used and one of the things he looked at with his microscope was cork like bottle cork which is really plant cambium cambium from a plant and he noticed that in the cork the cells were in a row that was this close packing phenomena in fact in the scanning electron microscope I took a picture of what Hooke was seeing only I had a lot better resolution than he had and he saw these little boxes in continuous long rows and he thought that they looked like the rooms that monks live in you know in a monastery they're called cells and that's how we got the name SIL because of the cells in a row which is related to this close packing phenomenon well I was aware of all that and so years ago we were approaching a problem in skin and that's the dead layer on the surface of the skin where you see the yellow area there I was interested in how are the cells arranged there must be some kind of close packing phenomena there but we couldn't quite make up positions of the cells so with a special technique I won't get into we swelled the cells up and we did lo and behold ER arranged in columns just like poker chips in a casino I've been told not only that but if you look at the edges there where the the cells in the Jason columns me.they interleave perfectly I never saw two together they were always just like this perfectly interleaved in fact if we take the area in the yellow box and we blow it up in the electron microscope transmission electron microscope we notice that here is a cell coming in from the right it comes ups very touchy here a cell coming in from the right then one from the left one from the right one from the left one from the right if this magnification the cells would be a block off that way the other edge but here where they're interleaving it's a perfect regular interleave these are the dead cells in our stratum corneum of our skin and it dawned on me this is probably a close packing phenomenon so in studying it lo and behold that was the case if you looked at the columns edge on there in perfect stacks if you look down the top they're hexagonal and I was able to demonstrate that basically a truncated form of this closed packing structure the ortho tetrakaidecahedron accounted for the column architecture and there was evidence for that when we looked at the cells in the scanning scope notice that this particular polygon has alternating four-sided & six-sided faces and that's what we saw looking at the overlapped edges of the cells in the skin so here is a spontaneous phenomena it is a law of nature it produces a seemingly marvelous column structure and evolutions are going to be looking for this kind of thing to try to explain how we managed to get structure and order but boy if they got their work cut out for them let's just analyze this I fly in airplanes quite a bit the other day when I was looking out the plane there was nothing down there but air and I wondered what keeps this thing up in the air is it a flying carpet or what then it dawned on me man alive I was sitting in the middle of six million non flying parts I got on the internet and asked you know how many parts in the Boeing seven it said six million mostly rivets and I thought there isn't a part in this plane that flies what makes the plane fly what would I need to put this thing together none of those parts fly but what would I need if I wanted to assemble it and get a flying plane instruction manuals right we call all those parts complex you can't fly complexity if you heard people say how can you believe the eye form by chance is too complex that's not the issue you've just said how can you believe the eye form by chance sure a lot of parts in the eye hey there's a lot of parts on the runway you can't fly it complexity is not the issue you see it get the manuals and once you had the manuals we call that specified complexity remember that was one of the criteria Ford for a law of nature is it specified specified complexity means that you shall take the parts and put them together as follows do not deviate part a goes would be down the line once you get it assembled why is it able to fly it's able to fly due to integrated complexity that is the parts work together in concert fact that's a good name for it I like to go to the symphony here in Cincinnati I go early to here I'm tuned up if you heard a symphony tune up we're sound you ever hear squeak squawk Rumble bang tinkle I mean everything's going on at once then the conductor comes out everybody opens a score ah specification of the score all open to the same page conductor sets tempo dynamics specification they now all play together and it sounds beautiful and see right there we went from the tune up which is mere complexity to Beethoven's fifth symphony which is specified and integrated complexity the instruments are playing together in the orchestra so the difference between order and complexity is also important some people think life's about order that's why the evolutions are getting excited about crystals we can get on the order he order isn't what it's about here's a couple of fences here one neighbor puts up the fence in the top the other neighbor puts the fence in the bottom don't you worry about him which of those two fences has the most order the top one which is which is the most complex the bottom one a good way to know that is what's the smallest set of instructions you could write for the upper fence you say start with a stack of short boards and the stack of tall boards put up a short one put up a tall one continue in this fashion to you run out of boards what about the lower fence oh my goodness where do we start there are boards missing there are sharp ones together long ones together but while it's complex what's our question is it specified or integrated complexity bingo your neighbors trying to communicate with you is using international Morse code for the dashes here the dots he's using short boards and for the dashes a long board so that would be did it Dada Dada Dada Dada Dada Dada it I'm down the line while the neighbor has to know what languages fake English French German if it was more than one word he'd need the syntax and grammar and here we've spelled information you see the issue is not order that's not going to get you anywhere in fact death is more like order a crystallization a minimum free energy state where you don't go any further no you need the complexity but it can't be just complexity it has to be specified and integrated and that's what we have in our genetic code we have a coding system just like Morse code and by the way nobody has ever seen a coding system come into existence by chance all codes are the product of an intelligence and that code codes for our proteins and gets them all in the right place and what are the evolution to say about that well here's Professor Paul Davies expert on the origin of life so if you're going to find out how the life is evolved he's going to tell you how did stupid atoms spontaneously write their own software and where did the peculiar form of information needed to get the first living cell up and running come from definitive answer up there nobody knows one person knows there is a book and in this book we read in Luke chapter 1 verse 37 for nothing is impossible with God if we go to Hebrews chapter 3 verse 4 we get a verse it's so beautifully simple I can understand it it says for every house is built by someone but he who built all things is God why don't people believe that um how can off the Meletus not see design in the eye and otolaryngologist not see it in the ear this is why proverbs chapter 20 verse 12 the hearing err and the seeing eye the Lord has made both of them no guesswork dear Lord just says straightaway see the eye in the air I made him what's the problem with that here's the problem with that Psalm 94 verse 9 this is scary if you're an unbeliever he that planted the ear shall he not hear he that formed the eye shall he not see how well you figure the Creator the ear can hear can hear our thoughts how well do you figure the Creator the eye can see and see into our hearts this is the same creator who once said you shall be perfect as I the LORD thy God imperfect how are you folks doing on a perfection scale I'm coming up really short to be brutally honest I'm the worst sinner I know personally not going to speak for anyone else how can I face up to a God who can look into my heart look into my thoughts he wants a short answer I can't I'd run from such a God you couldn't drag me into this place with chains if that was the end of the story but he's not just my Creator most importantly of all he's my Savior and that changes everything love me enough to come into this world to take my sins and pile them all on him he took the hit I should have taken and well once you know that isn't it great to have a hearing and seeing God how about that for our concluding verse Psalm 34 verse 15 the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous and his ears are open under the cry thank you you [Applause]

Channel: Answers in Genesis

Views: 10,802

Rating: 4.6565657 out of 5

Keywords: Evolutionary Biology (Field Of Study), Evolution, Creationism (Religion), Creation, Science

Id: _WhRn9cXHf8

Length: 65min 21sec (3921 seconds)

Published: Fri Apr 11 2014