Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. In today's video we're going to look at a
bit of grammar/vocab; and more specifically, we're going to look at the prefix "over". Now, I made a previous video and I looked
at the word "under". These kind of go together; you don't need
to watch one to understand this one; but if you like this video, then you can watch the
other one, get both sides of the equation as it were - "over" and "under". So, what we're going to look at is the word
"over". Now, the word "over" is a preposition. Okay? And it means more than or too much; or more
commonly when we're talking about position or location, it's like above. So, it's over something; "above" and "over"
are a little bit different. There's a separate video for that as well. So, what we're going to look at is what happens
when we join the word "over" with another word. In most cases, you can probably guess the
meaning just by taking the word "over" and the second word, and understand that they
go together. For example, "overachieve". If you "overachieve" means you're completing
or achieving more than what is expected or more than what is standard. But sometimes you're going to get words that
are joined with "over" that you can't really guess because they don't mean what the two
parts mean. For example, "overtake". Now, if you think about "take over" as the
phrasal verb, "to take over" means to assume the position of. So, the... or the company's president is retiring,
and somebody else will take over; somebody else will become the president and take over
that position. But "overtake" has a different meaning. If you "overtake" someone, it means you pass
them. So, for example, if there's a race and somebody's
in the lead, and somebody else comes from behind and overtakes - means they pass them;
they take the lead instead. So that's what "overtake" means. So, you can't exactly guess by looking at
the two words separately. So we're going to look at a bunch of verbs,
and we're going to look at a couple of adjectives and nouns as well. So, "overcome". So, again, no relation between "take" or "come"
to somebody's house, for example. If you "overcome" something, it means that
you are able to successfully get over an obstacle or a difficulty. So, if you have some trouble, let's say with
your English, and you watch engVid videos on a regular basis, you will overcome this
problem, and you will be a fluent English speaker very soon I hope. Okay? So keep working hard and you will overcome
this difficulty. "Overestimate". So, again, we looked at "underestimate"; now
we're looking at "overestimate". When you think about something in terms of
its size, or its strength, or its value, if you overestimate, you think it is more than
it actually is. Right? So that's why we have the more than. If I overestimate the value of a ring, for
example... if I get a ring, a gold and diamond ring, and I think: "Wow, this is really beautiful. It must be, like, $10,000." But actually it's 5,000, so I way overestimated
its value. Okay? I thought its value way more than it is. So it's a bit of a bad guess to the over side,
rather than the under side. "Overhaul". "Haul"... "To haul" something means to carry, but "to
overhaul" is a completely different meaning. When we're looking at a piece of machinery,
for example, a car engine-okay?-and we overhaul it, it means we completely take it apart,
and we replace all the pieces and rebuild it to make it like new. So we fix something completely; we overhaul
it. In business, a new manager comes to the office
and he wants to overhaul the processes - means he wants to change everything, he wants to
break them all apart, and build brand new processes for the office to increase productivity,
for example. If you "overhear" something, it's like "hear",
but "overhear", it doesn't mean you hear too much; it means you heard a conversation that
you weren't supposed to hear. So, two people over there are speaking and
they're speaking a little bit loudly, so you can overhear; you can actually hear what they're
saying. So, nothing to do with above or too much;
it's more like they're speaking too loudly and that's why you can hear them. Okay? "Overlook". Now, if you say: "Look over" it means, you
know, you study something, you look over the facts, make sure everything's okay. If you "overlook" something, means you missed
something. So, I was reading all the information, and
I overlooked a very important detail - means I missed it; I didn't see it at the first
time I was reading it. It could cause problems later on. "Overrun". "Overrun" means when there's just too much
of something, or people, or etc. For example, the situation. If you go to a tourist area, it might be overrun
with... by... overrun by tourists; not with. "Overrun" means there's too many, and it's
spread out too much and you don't enjoy the tourist location. If you go to, for example, in the US they
have something called Black Friday. Okay? Black Friday is a very special shopping day
after Thanksgiving where all the stores give very, very big discounts on items. I personally don't like to go shopping on
these days because the stores are just overrun by crazy shoppers who want to get the last
TV, or the last whatever on a very good deal. Stay away from those stores; they're overrun. "Override" and "overrule", these are very
similar. Okay? "Override" means to take away automatic control. When we're talking about a computer or machinery,
if you override a command it means you cancel the command and you put a new one. When you're talking about overruled, it's
about people. So, for example, a judge decided A; another
judge overruled that judge and decided B instead. So, "to overrule" means to put your rule over
the other one. So, it's a little bit of the above because
it's one on top of the other, but the other one is superior or has more authority, and
that's why it's the one that counts. And "override", the new command for the computer
or the machine is the one that is actually used by the machine or the computer. Okay? "Oversee" it doesn't mean see over something;
it basically means to supervise. So a little bit means, like, looking at everything,
but nobody actually is seeing anything; they are just in control, in charge, managing,
so they are supervising staff. So you oversee the staff, you oversee the
process, you oversee the project means you just supervise. Okay? So these are all verbs. Now, sometimes you have adjectives that join
two words as well with "over", and the meaning is a little bit different. When you're talking about "overboard" - two
meanings. The literal meaning is when you're on a ship
in the sea, and somebody falls over the side of the ship and into the water, so that person
went overboard. But if you're talking about a general situation,
"overboard" means a little bit too far. Okay? A little bit more than they should have. So, if somebody is basically reacting badly
to some bad news, and they start firing or they start yelling at people, then they've
gone a little bit overboard; they've gone a little bit further than they should have,
makes other people feel uncomfortable. An "overcast sky" means just very grey. Not necessarily clouds, but just grey. Okay? If you're "overjoyed", it doesn't mean you're
too happy because there's no such thing as too happy; happy is good. "Overjoyed" just means happy. Okay? "Overbite". Now, some people, their teeth are not exactly
aligned, so their top teeth stick out a little bit and then their bottom teeth are behind. So, these are the top teeth, these are the
bottom teeth, so you have an overbite. Okay? The top teeth stick out a little bit. And "overkill" is a little bit like "overboard". "Overkill" means just too much of anything. So, if you're giving someone a compliment,
and you just give them too much compliment, like: "Oh, you're so beautiful, you're so
this, you're so that." A little bit of overkill. "Overkill" is not a good thing. When you're giving too much of something,
you're making it a little bit less meaningful, so not a good thing. And also a noun; nothing to do with the word,
with the verb "to kill". Okay? So, again, if you're not sure about any words
like these, if you see a word and you're not sure what the combination means, make sure
you look it up in a dictionary to confirm your guess or just to find out if you don't
actually know. Okay? But, of course, if you're still not sure,
you can go to www.engvid.com and ask me any questions in the comments section below. You can also take the quiz to make sure that
you understand all of these words and how to use them. And, again, don't forget to subscribe to my
channel. If you like the video, don't forget to give
me a thumbs up if you liked it, and come back for more grammar/vocab lessons and all this
other good stuff. Okay? I'll see you then. Bye-bye.
