Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. In today's video we're going
to look at: "First Aid". Basically, taking care of somebody during an
emergency if some bad thing happened, like a car accident or you fell down while mountain
climbing, or anything bad that happened where you got injured or wounded, you're going to
be receiving first aid before they get you to the hospital where they're
going to take care of you. So, first, as the name implies, first
aid is the first thing they do when the emergency happened. Somebody will call 911. In some countries I'm pretty sure it's 119,
but again, wherever you are make sure you know the emergency number for EMS,
the emergency medical services. Basically these are the people that send
the ambulance and come in the ambulance. They're also called
first responders. They're the first people to respond to the
call to come and make sure everything's okay or to try to make
everything okay. The people who drive the
ambulance are called paramedics. Okay? You will also find
paramedics in fire trucks. Usually ambulances and
fire trucks come together. The fire trucks have a lot
more equipment on them. Now, the first thing they're going to want to
do is figure out what's going on, so they're going to assess the situation. Right? They're going to look around, see what
kind of injury's involved, what kind of action they need to take, for example. But sometimes they come, they see blood everywhere,
right away they know they need to stabilize. "Stabilize" means make stable, means if
somebody's bleeding, first stop the bleeding. If somebody is having a heart attack or somebody's
in shock, stop that situation first before you do-excuse me-anything else. Now, one of the things they're
also going to do is demobilize. "Demobilize" means make sure that the
person who is injured doesn't move. Can't move, can't be moved. Okay? They will put him in a straight line, make
sure that everything is secure so if he moves or she does even more damage,
that's not a good thing. So, stabilize, demobilize,
assess what's going on. And then what you're going to do is
you're going to administer first aid. So we don't do first aid,
we don't make first aid. We administer. It basically means,
like, give, but we... This is the more common word. You can say give first aid and you attend
to the person, means you take care of them, you figure out what they
need, give them that. Okay? Now, in some cases they're
going to have to defibrillate. They're going to use
a defibrillator. This is a machine that sends an
electric shock into the body. So if someone's having a heart attack, for
example, and their heart just stops beating, they're going to take the two paddles, they're
going to charge the machine with electricity, going to put them two paddles, and: "Whoom",
send electricity into the body, get that heart pumping again. So this machine is
called a defibrillator. The action is to defibrillate. Okay? Now, it is becoming more and more common to
see these machines in all kinds of areas; on planes and trains they have them, in many
public places they have a machine ready just in case somebody needs it. Hopefully not. Something else they might have to do is
give CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation. To resuscitate basically
means to bring back to life. So CPR, if somebody stops breathing, if the
lungs stop pumping air in and out of the body, then they're going to have
to give CPR, administer CPR. Somebody will have... They can have a bag with a pump or somebody
will just have to put their mouth on your mouth and blow air
into your lungs. Fill the lungs, push it out, fill the lungs,
push it out, make sure everything is okay until the lungs start basically
working by themselves. So that's called CPR. Another thing they
may do, they may... Again, this is part of the demobilizing, they're
going to put a neck brace around your neck. It's a... Basically it's a piece of hard cloth,
it's thick, they put it around so you can't move your head. If you injured your neck and you're moving
around, you could end up being paralyzed. Okay? Paralyzed... If you become paralyzed means you've damaged
your spine, the bone down your back and you won't be able to move your legs, maybe you
won't be able to move your upper body. Not a good situation. So they put a neck brace so you
can't do any damage to your spine. Then they will put you on a stretcher, it's
a long board, sometimes with wheels if it's the ambulance. Otherwise, like for example,
soldiers, they just have a board. They put you on there, they make sure you're
secure, then they lift you up and carry you to the hospital. Okay? So these are the first steps, but just because
this is the main things that the ambulance guys do... Excuse me. The paramedics, it doesn't mean that you can't
also administer first aid for somewhat more minor things. Okay? So it's very important that you keep
and always have ready a first aid kit. So we're going to
look at what a... What should be inside
a first aid kit now. Okay, so everybody should have a
first aid kit ready somewhere. You should have one at home,
maybe have one in your car. Especially if you're going to go on a road
trip, make sure you have one with you. If you're going to go to some remote areas where
there aren't phones or towns or hospitals, take a first aid kit with you. So, basically, the essentials of
a first aid kit are a bandage. If you got a small cut, this is like a sticky
basically cloth and you put it over the cut, and it stops the cut, absorbs the blood,
and then you go on and you fix it later. If you... If you have a very deep cut, then
you're probably going to need stitches. Now, some people are not very comfortable taking
a needle and thread, and sewing themselves. So what you want to do is you want to put
gauze on it, you want to stop the bleeding, get to a hospital quickly and
they will put stiches in for you. They will basically join the skin together
with a stapler or with needle, and close it. Gauze, you've all seen it, it's this
white sheet, you can see through it. It's very light with
lots of little holes. And you wrap it around
the wound and you... But before that, you put some antiseptic, you
clean it first of all, and then you wrap it, you put a dressing on it. So this gauze is
called a dressing. Okay? But before that you clean it. How do you clean it? With antiseptic. You can have pads, so like they're
little packets, they're wet. You use it to clean, and
then you put the gauze. Some people take a whole bottle of alcohol
and some cotton pads, and they clean it off. You might want to put
some antiseptic ointment. Ointment is like a... Basically like a little liquid. It's thick, it comes in a tube. If you have a burn or if you have a
cut, you put the ointment on the... On the wounded area basically, and
then you dress it with some gauze. Okay? You should also have tweezers. Tweezers are like... Like little metal things, like
you can pick things out with. Like if you have a splinter. Okay? I'll put it here.
Splinter. If you're walking in the woods and a very
small piece of wood goes into your skin, it hurts a lot so you
want to pick it out. Right? So they're little
tweezers, they can do that. Or scissors, so you can cut the
gauze and whatever else you need. And a splint. So if you break something, if you break a bone
and you need to basically make it stable, you want to make it straight and not
move around too much, you use a splint. Or if you need to basically... So you broke the arm or the shoulder, you
put the arm here, you put a little thing, a splint on it, and it doesn't move
around so you don't damage it even more. Now, there's many things that
can happen in any situation. You can get injured or
you can get wounded. Injury is internal. You won't see it, but you'll
definitely know about it. It'll be very painful. A wound is on the outside. You will bleed or there'll
be something very visible. So, a fracture. A fracture basically means
you've broken a bone. Okay? Now, the bone can be... Let's say this is a bone for... If you have any pets you
know what this looks like. A break is like this. A fracture is basically
down the bone. Right? Either way you need to go to the
hospital to take care of it. A tear. If you... Inside
you have muscles. If you tore a muscle you might
not be able to move very much. Not very much you can do with first aid, but
you help the person be as stable as possible, get them to the hospital. If somebody has a bruise, you will see the
black or blue, or whatever colour it turns, but that's also inside. There's bleeding inside. You need to maybe put some ice on it or do
something, get the person sitting down, off his or her feet, get the
blood flowing the other way. A sprain means when
you twist something. It's almost broken, but not broken,
but there's definitely damage. It will swell. There will be swelling. Swelling is when
the, like, area... For example, if I sprained my wrist my
wrist will become suddenly big like this. Okay? Very painful as well. Whiplash. If you're driving in a car and you're
wearing your seatbelt and you suddenly hit something, your whole body goes
forward and back. Right? So that motion creates whiplash. Sorry about that. So if you have whiplash, that's
also very dangerous as well. Now, stroke. Stroke I'm not talking about like a head stroke
which is very serious, but there's not much you're going to be able to
do in terms of first aid. Sun stroke, heat stroke. Okay? If you have any of these, you need to get
the person first of all to the shade, you need to cool them down right away as much as
you possibly can, get them to the hospital, they'll get some water,
some salts, etc. A wound is visible, it's a cut. The skin is broken,
blood is coming out. You're bleeding. A tear also could be like... It's like a cut. Basically you've torn some skin off, there's going
to be blood, it's going to be kind of ugly. If somebody got dismembered means
a part of the body came off. Like, if you got hit by a car and your arm
came off, what you need to do first, get that arm, put it on ice, get the person to the
hospital, maybe they can sew it back on. Okay? So... But it's very not only important to have all
these things and to know what you're talking about, it's very important to
know how to administer first aid. So, if there is a first aid course near your
house or not too far, I highly recommend that everybody take a first aid course
so in any case of emergency you can save somebody's life. You might even be able to save your own life
by telling somebody what to do for you. Okay? Very, very important. So I hope this was helpful. There's a quiz at www.engvid.com where you can
test your knowledge of the new vocabulary, and you can ask questions
there as well in the forum. If you like the video, please
subscribe to my YouTube channel. There'll be lots more
coming like this. And yeah, if you have any questions, come
ask me and I'll see you again real soon. Bye-bye.
