Discoveries Underwater: - Ships Of Trade

throughout the ages ships of trade have carried the world's riches and commodities of everyday life today ancient underwater wrecks are yielding fresh insights of life across many continents and centuries 2,000 years ago a ship from the Roman age was lost off the coast of Britain the ship has now been found but it is now a race against time to uncover her secrets of life long ago off Bermuda a recent expedition has uncovered the sea venture the ordeal of this trading vessel lost in 1610 inspired Shakespeare to write The Tempest now the sea venture is revealing its own dramatic story the excavation of another trading ship the Amsterdam promises to be one of the most complete eighteenth-century vessels ever found join the adventure next on discoveries underwater [Music] discoveries underwater is made possible in part by a grant from the DuPont company DuPont better things for better living and by this and other public television stations throughout history the world's trade has been borne by the sea sailing ships have linked peoples and cultures for thousands of years these ships bore not only cargoes of riches but also the basic commodities of life they are a historical record of the ages a mirror of everyday life in their time a time when life at sea was full of danger [Music] the rugged coast Devin has learned many a gallon ship to her doom there's beauty and grandeur in these now cliffs but treachery to fast on the rocks in Hope cove near sultan lies the hexagon Cecily largest and most famous of the few sailing vessels of today eight times the finnish part has won the grain race from australia but now a days are numbered a ground from stem to stern she lies at the mercy of the sea look down on the beautiful ship a main must 200 feet high a 56 thousand square feet of canvas felled for the last time and grieve with her captain and her crew trading ships driven by the wind have now completely disappeared but their cargoes remain this cargo from a wrecked Dutch East Indian men of 1748 arrived in Europe 200 years late when the cargo was sold it brought prices that would have been unheard of in the 18th century then it was just another consignment of Chinese tableware for the European market and sold by the crate [Music] the great trading nations of the world like England and Holland carried their flags across the sea to all parts of the globe in the 18th century the most famous company of all was the Dutch East India Company this enterprise trade from Europe to as far away as China everyday objects like porcelain were mass-produced in the Hills and shipped down to warehouses of Canton tea silks spices exotica from the Far East in return for silver from the West trading ships are basically ambassadors of Nations their armaments were in past times more defensive than aggressive they were bulk carriers and slow moving but they carry their cargoes cheaply and efficiently they were also decorative and beautiful reflecting the elegance and style of their age [Music] in 1749 one of the Dutch East Indies vessels the Amsterdam ran aground on Hastings Beach off Great Britain it was rediscovered in 1967 by local workmen laying a sewage pipe the foreman was well aware of the rumor that the Amsterdam lay somewhere nearby when the tide was out he began to dig within minutes the teeth of the bulldozer dug into the wood of the ship's hull the attention that the discovery attracted was typical of the attitudes to shipwrecks twenty years ago people were more interested in the ship's objects than in the wreck itself the greatest prize were the cannons they were not to be seen together for long they bore the marks of the Dutch East India Company their original rightful owners there was enough furor about this discovery to attract traditional archaeologists the amsterdam surfaces ghost-like on the low spring tides every three months for a few precious hours the outlines visible the ship accessible the archaeologists begin work land archeology on these half-submerged mud flats his hard work crude and makeshift even for the professional the same night the next low tide gives another opportunity for work but the faster the sea goes out the faster it comes back in with some of the mud cleared there is evidence here of a substantial trading ship the lights reveal a whole ship's side buried some thirty feet deep under the mud but under these conditions controlled excavation is totally impossible within 4 hours the tide reclaims the Amsterdam one of the few intact examples of an 18th century East Indian to survive anywhere in the world [Music] since 1969 marine archaeology has developed enormous lis while the Amsterdam has not moved techniques to excavator have changed significantly 1984 saw the start of a new venture an excavation working not when the tide was out but when the tide was in a specially constructed copper dam encloses the far end of the wreck it acts partly as a sea break and partly as the working platform for what now as a cooperative diving venture by two nations Britain and Holland the Dutch director of the excavation is Jersey gov run ski all the first shifts who work on the starboard side that means that all the LS has to be brought over they all laying on both sides now so that Adrian calling Sarah they can deeper calling circumstances we will decide between the third and fourth Epis window and means non airless period in which all the divers are out of the water and airless are out of use so John will be able to good visibility we'll do a video run of some points of the ship in the wreck but if this weather breaks it will be the last chance to have decent visibility weather permitting the season can be infinite the power communications high-pressure air and video control are based on shore only the divers need to be taken out to the site for the next three months the operation will continue from the steel tower sitting out at sea a tower that can operate at all levels of the tide unlike most archaeological operations which use standard diving gear the Amsterdam team uses full-scale commercial industrial diving equipment but the English director is John Adams former assistant director of the excavation of King Henry the eighth's flagship the Mary Rose but when the Amsterdam became an underwater excavation rather than a dry land or welly boot dig it was a necessary transition in the sense that the productivity we needed the amount of work we needed to get done meant we had to be able to work on it all day for months at a time in the dry land situation you were having to get down to the wreck for a few hours a day for two or three days at the time at four four times a year and in those situations you were actually having to dig a large hole very very quickly and it's very difficult to actually see what's going on now underwater surprisingly the more water you have over the site the easier it is to work on the actual ship the Amsterdam lives under 20 feet of water the visibility is murky for the divers but the ship's timbers are accessible and easy to work around underwater video system improves the ability to monitor the work it also proves helpful in revealing the structure of the ship we have fairly major constructional differences sharing up between what has been learnt from a very detailed model and the actual reality in which the structural elements of the ship have been put together these are working drawings from a model that was almost rediscovered if you like in Amsterdam last year which if not of the actual ship is certainly of that particular class of ships I'm dealing in particular with an elevation of the inboard structure on the portside concentrating on the lower gundeck in the upper gun deck and here we have a very good example of the sort of differences that the reality gives you from the best possible guess if you like from you know the contemporary archives you might be forgiven for thinking that looking at drawings like this there was no necessity to survey the remains of the actual ship because there wouldn't be much more information you could learn you know these drawings look so final and so perfect that you know we would know everything about the ship however the survey that were conducting at the moment on the inboard structure in particular shows almost well very dramatic differences in the disposition of the main structural elements and it shows that even in the middle of the 18th century that when it got beyond the drawing board the specifications laid down by the East India Company designers to the shipyard a ship right could at the last moment obviously decide that he didn't want to put a knee up under the deck beams he'd rather have it against a transom lower down because he felt obviously that they would do a better job there similarly we're finding things especially on the outside of the ship which are so like the model it's uncanny say you know you get you get both extremes you get confirmation of the design details being followed but major structural differences at the same time contrary to popular belief in in many shipwrecks even those that have been badly smashed up the material that is found by the archaeologists within the hull is not just a random scatter and by surveying in exactly where the material is you can actually work back and establish where it was originally in the ship how it was designed how its put together and in some cases through him the most advanced method of survey yet devised is used on this site direct survey measurement can cope with all combinations of tied visibility and the skill of any diver it is a way of fixing every object in time and space at the moment of discovery if there's any problem with the data points it alive at NU midnight that doesn't recognize the name of the datum point all that has got the coordinates for the data in which case you have to surprise them later but that's okay it knows we're always all those data points are in three dimensions so now it's ready for you to give it some of the objects you survey the computer is another set of eyes to point eyes connected to a permanent memory bank and the ability to recall information at any time point two six three five and then file right that's it done so you've got all your coordinates yeah so in fact we might as well print matters trading ships usually carry the very ordinary things of life as well as the exotic [Music] bits and pieces that often go unnoticed box [Music] sections have broke [Music] even handfuls of pins the bottles are often corked full of wine three objects bottle cork and contents found together each of them can yield vital pieces of information all of them are just as they were on Sunday January the 26th 1749 the date they were lost [Music] lifting objects from sea to air can be difficult this coil of rope for example must be lifted so that the separate fibers don't disintegrate as it is raised out of the water the planning of the Amsterdam operation is comprehensive members of the conservation team are ready in waiting on shore to assist a local ballroom in a vacation camp is now a conservation area the domain of archaeologist Peter Marsden since gainer sets conservationists have to be able to cope with every possible substance like this for instance a drinking glass wrapped in its original package both packing and glass are undamaged until fully conserved these objects are incredibly fragile they have to be sprayed constantly with water while being photographed to prevent them from drying out flaking or disintegrating the immediate photography is an integral part of the recording process [Music] the bottle is object number one it's a group then the cork is object number two and the contents is object number three ownership ownership fear see a special feature of the Amsterdam's excavation is having access to the surviving historical land records of the ships cargo they indicate what this material costs at the time where it was going and in the case of personal objects to whom they belong one of the most important aspects of the Amsterdam is that it is an extraordinary combination of archaeological records and historical record and these two things together give us a picture of life in the past which you cannot normally get from the historical records alone or from archaeological remains alone and in in one way this comes together particularly well with this object which to me is the I think the most exciting thing that we found it's the lid of a box was the initials WK carved on it and there was only one person on board with those initials and this is clearly the lid of one of the chests belonging to film camp the captain of the ship and in the P book of the ship which these are copies you find down here for them clump of metals captain lieutenant five killed errs five wine boxes and no chests so no chests of personal possessions but there are five wine boxes and this is the lid it's too small to be a personal chest anyway and this is clearly one of these objects which are documented well this had fallen from the captain's cabin outside the ship and had been caught round by the stern post under the the curving counter of the ship so here we have the two things coming together many of the other objects in the ship can be related to a limited number of people and so in this way we're able to build up a picture of the community in a way which one cannot get from documentary records alone or purely from the archaeological artifact to them [Music] this piece of a lady's quilted dress still had the pins in position at the time of the tragedy the owner petronella shook was working on it her handiwork survived even delicate things like this flower from a hack band had been preserved in the mud as if it were only yesterday I mean with most excavations you actually haven't got that much material left with Amsterdam we have 2/3 of a ship full of cargo personal belongings and you also in the vo sea have one of the most were one of the best documented the maritime enterprises ever now you put the two together and you have an unparalleled opportunity to get a very very detailed insight into that period in Dutch history but some details are unexpected like the artistry on the stern of the ship discoveries in the last days of the excavation the intricate carving of a mermaid's tail [Music] the Amsterdam was decorated and ornamented to the highest standards of the Dutch East India Company the rest of the ship is still in place in a remarkable state of preservation still waiting to be uncovered [Music] it will take many years of excavation before the picture can be completed it will take money time and cooperation [Music] and the project will always be at the mercy of the tides and the weather here in Red Bay Labrador remains of a different kind or helping archaeologists piece together a picture of life and death of a people far away from home [Music] at this site underwater archeology is working hand in hand with land archeology to discover more about the first traders to exploit Canada's natural resources men who crossed the Atlantic 400 years ago from Europe the search begins in the basque country of northern spain where there stands an ancient monastery inside our legal and commercial documents wills and bills of sale records of a people from a bygone age by delving through hundreds of manuscripts historians have formed a picture of life in the small villages along the coast of northern spain in the 16th century they were searching for the records of one particular village san juan and the sailors of that village who traveled across the atlantic and a trading ship which never returned in the summer months cod fishermen traveled as far as Newfoundland but never stayed long those who were tempted to remain until December were sometimes trapped by the weather and forced to pursue Wales the baths were the first to hunt whales pursuing them off their coast as early as a 11th century in fact they invented whale hunting in 1665 a whaling ship the San Juan was caught in a storm in red day Labrador [Music] the same fate befell des Bernier a modern ironclad ship it was this ship that provided the clue to the location of the San Juan in 1978 a Canadian parks archeological dive team led by robert grenier found the remains of the san juan the hull had been flattened to the seabed the mud and ice provided for a remarkable state of preservation but the cold that had preserved the Rex so well was a problem for the archaeologists spending long periods underwater working on the wreck the expedition was able to command all the elements of a full-scale commercial diving operation this diving barge is capable of supplying hot water to the archaeologists working underwater these hot water suits were essential to keep the divers warm for two hours at a time twice a day five days a week [Music] they found the ordinary objects of everyday life [Music] an hourglass discarded possessions of the crew forgotten as the crew scrambled ashore everything was covered with a sticky substance whale oil evidence that this was a whaling ship the timbers lying on the seabed showed that a substantial amount of the hull remained after every piece of wood was recorded robert grenier made a scale model of the ship feeling about the location of this beam which has the mizzenmast mortis i think it comes in the stern area the vessel here it'sit's pretty short someplace up around here yes I think if you back it up a little bit yeah pretty good yes away from the ship closer to the shore further evidence of the whaling trade digging a trench as a reference line between the wreck and the shore the divers found a multitude of whale bones these bones evidence of the work carried out along the shore by the whale hunters are the past industrial waste [Music] today they provide clues to the techniques the bass once used to butcher their prey [Music] the Labrador climate changes quite abruptly and more than once the bass found themselves trapped by the ice unable to return home the land archeologists from Newfoundlands Memorial University found evidence of makeshift shelters where the Wailers would sit out the winter they also found a thousand graves whaling was a risky business this land site the whale bones and the wreck itself all combined together to give a clearer picture of life for the bass in this once remote and desolate place in the 16th century their skills in whaling & seamanship were soon adopted by others and their monopoly of the whaling industry was broken [Music] by the mid 17th century the red based settlements were abandoned as the bass turned towards more lucrative trays in the West Indies and Seville [Music] [Music] now the shipping forecast issued by the two logical office at two three four three on Tuesday the 13th of November [Music] back in the old world off the Channel Islands of Britain archeologists are excavating a ship almost 2,000 years old [Music] this is st. Peter Port Guernsey working in the harbor entrance is the tiny diving vessel of the Guernsey maritime trust underneath this ship lies a Celtic ship roger will receive very many thanks Margaret ruled who excavated King Henry the eighth's black ship the Mary Rose his project director here she lies in the entrance to the harbor and she's very much subjected to the prop wash from every large vessel that goes in and out it's that prop wash which exposed her in the first place Mijares father I'm convinced at the tops of the Timbers were the seabed level prior to 1982 and now she's been systematically washed apart there's no real strength in the fastness of the house and she's been torn to pieces in some cases the Timbers are simply lifting off and moving but in other instances the Timbers have been torn in half just like a torn stick of rhubarb and I dived on the site two and a half months ago and it was very very clear that we had no time at all something had to be done to remove those loose Timbers and survey the structure before throw up this site had to be worked as a rescue operation there were few resources to recover what seemed to be a few unpromising looking Timbers [Music] such a ship in such a place was unheard of the Romans trading between Celtic Gaul and Britain were not known to frequent Guernsey was this lying buried under a cargo of molten tar and pitch Roman or Celtic only archaeology could determine [Music] breaking up the solidified pitch underwater is not an easy job it has to be done with care and consideration in order to preserve any object that might be trapped within [Music] right I think we'll get the divers up times come now boat [Music] in addition to the usual dangers of divert literally freezing water the divers are constantly hindered by the continual passage of male boats and ferries over time now it's caught up outside we must be out the way it's all gravy [Music] under this grid is the outline of what has been determined to be a Celtic vessel heavily built very closely framed and for the archaeologists difficult to interpret until it is carefully measured in drawing [Music] John Adams fresh from work on the Amsterdam is involved in the mapping and recording [Music] by November there's more darkness than daylight for 14 days and nights the team continued with one of the most difficult underwater archaeological rescue operations ever done in the British Isles but professional divers can work even in the dark because this site was close to the shore lights could be supplied from the harbour pilot house the light enabled the discovery of a small but important find this Roman coin of a 125 ad a likely date for the loss of the ship lifting the heavy Timbers however is a problem but it's a problem solved by removing the body of a commercial truck and winching it into the sea the two-thousand-year-old Timbers from the seabed will be loaded onto the truck bed this ship was sturdily built the planks are of oak two feet thick considerable effort is required to move them around the men who built this ship build it to last even in the second century AD they were in the heavy transport business in two very short seasons in 1985 and 86 95% of what could be recovered of the timbers of this very rare ship came to shore [Music] the archaeologists have now embarked on a lengthy process of conservation and recording much has been learned already one of the important and unexpected finds though far from spectacular is this small piece of rope trapped in the pitch it's called a Kringle it's also the proof that this was in fact a Celtic trading ship that caught fire and sank in Guernsey Harbor these discoveries confirm for the first time the accuracy of the account of just such a vessel seen and described by Julius Caesar ships made entirely from oak for strength and resistance to damage Cross Timbers fixed to one foot deep whales by iron nails as thick as a man's thumb anchors secured by iron chains instead of ropes skins and thinly prepared leather instead of sail cloth either due to weakness of their linen and ignorance of its use for the purpose or as is more probable because they thought that the great storms and high winds of the Atlantic could not satisfactorily be withstood nor ships of such great weight be driven by sales of cloth like Caesar William Shakespeare was also familiar with storms and wrote about them in the I boarded the Kings ship now on the beak now in the waist the deck in every cabin I flamed and amazement the fire and cracks of sulfurous roaring the most mighty Neptune seemed to besiege and make his bold waves tremble yay his dread Trident shake Shakespeare's description was based on an account by Sir George Summers of the sea venture a 17th century ship sailing from England to America the year was 1609 captain Somers found himself castaway on a terrifying we found it to be the dangerous and dreaded islands which were so terrible to all that ever touched on them and such tempest sunders and other fearful objects we seen and heard about them that they be called commonly The Devil's Island [Music] but the survivors fears soon turned out to be groundless yet it pleased our merciful God to make even this hideous and hated place both the place of our safety and means of our deliverance [Music] [Music] yet did we find the air temperate and the country abundantly fruitful of all necessaries for the sustentation and preservation of man's life there is fowl in great number upon the islands where they breed the bird being of the bigness of a good fidget and layeth eggs as big as hens eggs upon the sand and there is a tree called a Palma toe tree which have a very sweet berry upon which the Hogs do most feed but our men finding the sweetness of them did willingly share with the Hogs for them they being very pleasant and wholesome wherefore my opinion sincerely of this island is that whereas it hath been and is still accounted the most dangerous unfortunate and most forlorn place of the world it is in truth the richest health fullest and pleasing land and merely natural as ever man set foot upon the island of Devil's beautifully described by an ordinary Elizabethan Trading sea captain was in fact one of the islands of Bermuda [Music] even today it is difficult to navigate into the harbor of st. George's traveling as passengers on the 17th century CE venture were Sir Thomas Gates the governor of the new colony of Virginia in America and his deputy they weren't satisfied with the paradise they'd found and looked for deliverance from it out of the wreckage of the old sea venture they created a new ship they named deliverance from the scattered Timbers they built a much smaller vessel commemorated here by replica Bermuda became a colony because ships of trade often bore colonists true merchant adventurers but the passengers on the deliverance were keen to reach another colony just founded at Jamestown Virginia it is a tribute to the captain's ability to navigate that despite being blown hundreds of miles off course they arrived within weeks in the James River but not all of the new arrivals liked what they saw many of them preferred to return to the island of Devil's to Bermuda deliverance and sea venture are today remembered not only in the name of the local ferry but by some of the local inhabitants Edmund downing is a direct descendant of a member of the sea venture it was 1958 and I bought this boat about two years before him he'd gotten it all fixed up with the air compressor and metal detect iron and they had six glass windows in the bottom and so his idea of a spa wreck honey equipped downing decided to seek out his ancestor ship the sea venture [Music] they began his systematic search in May 1958 [Music] we went out in the ocean and tried to duplicate the the course of the original sea venture and we went right up see venture flat and we came to this cut in the call in the wreath so I said this is looks exactly like their world descriptions of why the wreck was so he started up the aircraft passing and I dropped down in this cut now I could see these ballast rocks and I just followed this pail of trailer ballast rocks and I came to this enormous rate no one believed downing until recently when a new expedition was started the sea venture trust consists of a small group working with limited resources but great determination [Music] two people are the driving force behind the trust [Music] one was a former commercial diver with over 50 years experience diving in the most hazardous and arduous conditions imaginable smoky wind good bag right the tag the other is his wife he retired he was 54 he really would have liked something a nice hobby and Maritime Museum was founded just after that and then they started to open the file on the sea venture and he thought well this is a wonderful way to spend my retirement and I would like to be the man that confirms that this really is the sea venture and this started 10 years of research photography traveling reading collecting it also meant the beginning of many other changes in sacrifices not many people would transform the basement of their own home into a conservation laboratory even fewer would recruit and support volunteers from many disciplines to work unpaid on a project with no official funding but the care and conservation of artifacts from the sea is any excavations first priority the winged goods have done just that the sea ventures never being investigated or hadn't been up to this time investigator dr. archaeologically which is the only proper way to do it we could caught and pillage the thing and destroyed the evidence forever but it seemed a logical way to go they working on since 1978 and the finding of Abela mean was pure accident I was on my way up without air I haven't seen this bump on the bottom which wasn't natural and went down and just found a silt off the top of it and learned livers this beautiful villa means it was quite a moment I can tell you Bella means are one of the most common forms of European jugs [Music] every merchant ship for two or three hundred years from the 16th century onward carried them they are the mark of the northern European trader and more importantly for the winged goods evidence of the sea ventures fate a story of ship and storm immortalized by Shakespeare [Music] john adams has been recruited to assist in the mapping and district mister project archaeologist well i think the sea of interest demonstrated that on a ship that is not a treasure vessel it's a it's a merchant ship taking people to the colonies a very very high standard of work can be achieved and it could be conducted over a long period of time the amount of post excavation research being done on it is quite considerable it doesn't have to be done quickly and it doesn't have to take a lot of money at once the c-- venture work has now become one of the most disciplined and well formulated small excavations in the world the remaining structure is covered and uncovered every season by shifting tides it's monitored controlled and recorded and because the work is done at leisure micro water jets can be operated with infinite precision in the smallest areas [Music] the hall that has survived both the storm and the construction of the deliverance is historically very important it's one of the earliest known English working ships and evidence of the actual structure of ships that fought the Armada [Music] but what proves that it is English and the C venture evidence comes from some of the least spectacular finds this pottery is cheap ordinary ware from Devon despite its unprepossessing appearance this was actual proof that the wreck was the C venture even more significantly this pottery is a link to colonial America the original destination of the C venture in the new world not all of the colonies on Virginia's James River survived here the lost town at Wolstenholme has recently been resurrected the archeology of colonial America has been a specialty of Ivor Knoll Hume the kind of archaeology that I do a historical archaeology or in Britain post medieval archaeology wears a straightjacket of historical exactitude by that I mean that to contribute to written history we have to be precise in prehistory if we're off by two or three hundred years and nobody's gonna shoot us but when we're dealing with our 18th and 19th centuries and 17th centuries of our own millennium we need to be able to say this is the way it was about our sites at a given moment like 1622 March Friday in the morning and that in fact is when the town of Wolstenholme town was destroyed in the great Indian uprising of March 22nd 1622 now very rarely can you date a land site there precisely but with shipwrecks you can and so if you know from a document that a ship went down at a given date at a given location and you go there and you find it the result is a perfectly dated time capsule and the things that you find on it we're either in use or in transit at the moment of the water rushed in or so if you've got a shipwreck site of 60 19 and you find things on it which match what we found on our side of 1622 that's confirming collaborative evidence if on the other hand you'll find a shipwreck of 1640 there are things on that that are found on our alleged I dove 1622 then we have a problem so you see it's a question of underwater archeology and land archeology cross fertilizing we enrich each other this is a West of England storage jar which comes from our Wilson hometown site and therefore we are happy that it dates prior to 1622 a similar jars to this were found aboard the the sea venture but when they were first found nobody's quite sure that it was the sea venture and so a whole suitcase of fragments of these things were brought to me asked me I could this be the sea venture period well we couldn't specifically say that but we could say well yeah these kinds of jars this jar which matches yours a dates prior to 1622 there was a whole lot better than impossible to do before because up to that point although these kinds of jars have been found fairly frequently in southwest England they hadn't been found in close archaeological context and the best one could say on the worl their 17th centuries maybe mid 17th century but that wasn't good enough for the sea venture people so here was a case where an object that we had found really helped them and that wasn't the only one there was a rather extraordinary object that we'd excavated this iron basket-like thing it's the basket hilt from not used to be called an Irish sword and we now know that these are very common in England hilt like this was found aboard the C venture and this helped her military historians because they had no evidence really how early these things went no physical evidence that is although there are some paintings and from the C venture came this felt which we have drawn from it's very encrusted remains and that hilt is of the same type as this the archaeology of trade is about familiar objects in unfamiliar places the commonplace and unrecorded items of everyday life the possessions of merchants and sailors scattered miles from their homelands borne by ships of no renown yet they tell stories that inspired authors founded new societies mixed peoples and cultures and were then forgotten marine archaeology is bringing these stories back to life [Music] stay with us now and see how ocean currents link to see in the atmosphere on the Atlantic realm then attend we have tonight's classic double feature first Fred and Ginger in the gay divorcee then Ginger Rogers and Katherine Hepburn in Stage Door check the listings check channel 2 good TV tonight [Music] you [Music]

Channel: Nowhere Man

Views: 57,278

Rating: 4.7465563 out of 5

Keywords: Discoveries Underwater, Archaeology, History, Shipwrecks, Maritime History, PBS.

Id: ySz-R55YGOE

Length: 57min 10sec (3430 seconds)

Published: Fri Oct 06 2017