Advanced Ancient Machining That Is Absurdly Difficult To Replicate Even With Today's Technology

[Music] ancient advanced stonework an extreme machining in ancient Egypt the purpose in presenting the notion of ancient advanced xtreme machining in ancient egyptian culture is simple they had such a sophisticated stone technology beyond our own the evidence presented here will leave you absolutely baffled beyond belief there are so many numerous examples we can only hope the scientific process in uncovering the work of the engineering geniuses becomes enhance however Egyptology is no fan of attributing any advanced skills to the ancient master masons they still sell us this method to achieve advanced results like this the tides of injustice are slowly turning as global tourism and sophisticated cameras are commonplace now we have hard evidence of pre-dynastic stone turning possible lathe work tubular drilling at advanced speeds marks left behind by what can only be perceived as use of circular stone saws mechanical methods of engraving lines and hard Stone's as far back as the 4th dynasty ancient machining techniques comparable to today's CNC routing except done in hard pink Granite's the ancient Egypt masons shaped all kinds of stone with intricate mastery they were adept with the use of a wide variety of manufacturing tools various building stones tube drills capable of hard material straight cutting sauce circular cutting saws lathes and smoothing techniques for polishing it's the marks left in the stone by these multitude of tools which are the reliable source of evidence of advanced xtreme machining in the ancient world there are no surviving examples of the tools utilized there are no written or pictorial records discovered which mention or describe their use after all we barely do this today why should they in ancient times they're serious debate about the nature of the tools and their advanced techniques in the historical framework the marks left in stone are a beacon of curiosity and intrigue to engineers who work these materials today Egyptology couldn't care less how they did anything unless they feel the need to show some guide pounding a rock and solve the enigmas of all Egyptian building work in an instant modern experts are baffled with their machining techniques and it's these individuals we must listen to if we want to answer conclusively the key questions what were the cutting tool tips made of what was their abrasive how are the tools manufactured what machinery was used to control the cutting surface on the stone how did they apply the tool pressure why were their tolerance standards of precision so high engineers and architects are completely puzzled and rigorously debate pointing to monuments and artifacts though no scientific proof exists for any of their theories unless the tools are present look at an ocean cruiser it doesn't take a sophisticated debate - no tools industry and manufacturing of a high level was used to create it why does Egyptology portray such ignorance on the issue then because the revelations bear directly on the developmental history and subsequent chronology of the pre-dynastic Egyptian cultures followed by the early dynastic period ancient housewares discovered by Flinders Petrie show undeniable proof of being turned on a lathe there are various examples in the Cairo Museum the Petrie Museum in UCL London and various other museums around the world some of the best examples of stoneware were discovered around the Step Pyramid at Saqqara Petrie also discovered pieces of interesting stoneware on the Giza Plateau there are incredible aspects about these vases plates and bowls that speak of highly advanced engineering techniques they portray the distinctive toolmarks belonging to lathe manufactured items this is easily visible in the centre of the Bulls or plates where the angle of the cut changes rapidly the stoneware in question is left with a very clean narrow and almost perfectly circular line made a clear indication of the tip of the cutting tool these stoneware masterpieces comprising of dishes platters are some of the finest ever found and they're right there from the earliest period of ancient Egyptian civilization they're made from a variety of materials seemingly the choice of material to be cut was irrelevant as they went from soft alabaster all the way up the hardness scale to extremely hard granite working with alabaster is relatively easy at least compared to granite alabaster can be worked with primitive abrasives and tools these sophisticated workings and granite are an entirely different matter and indicate a level of skill we're not aware of today and can only be considered advanced technology flinders petrie was quoted on this issue saying the lathe appears to have been as familiar an instrument in the 4th dynasty as it is in the modern workshops stonework as sophisticated as these examples are not found in any later era leaving many to think the skill was lost or that they were heirlooms from a different epochs or culture there's also the case of delicate vases being made of very brittle schist somewhat like a Flint and yet they're polished finished and turned to flawless thin edges an incredible feat of engineering and craftsmanship many bowls are turned and hollowed out with thin necks and have a symmetrical wall thickness without any noticeable errors let us not understate that these items were made by an ancient machinist to produce this in clay would be outstanding to see it in granite is simply incredible there are many pieces turned out of granite Porfiry or basalt all fully hollowed with decorative narrow undercut openings the most remarkable of these have long necks the fact remains we cannot replicate these artifacts today with techniques crafts or machinery but before we feel any ineptitude of craftsmanship Egyptology comes to the rescue with copper chisels and stone pounders the try lobed schist disk of Sabu is a complete mystery and masterpiece some 24 inches in diameter bizarre structure with extremely thin pieces turned out of chests the large plate has a central hub some three inches in diameter the outside rim which in three areas spaced evenly around the perimeter is flared towards the central hub if there was ever a case for advanced ancient stone working this is it it's made from a very fragile material called meta silt stone bending this material without fracturing it would be hard even for modern technology according to some scientists the sebou disc raises important questions about our view of history what was the purpose of this mysterious disc why on earth would agent Egyptians create such an intricate object five thousand years ago people were not supposed to possess the necessary tools to work material like this why would agent Egyptians go to all this effort to create the disk if it didn't have a specific purpose the Sabu disk is the subject of wild speculations as a result from everything involving rotating energy to acoustic knowledge there were not just a few of these stoneware items apparently there were thousands discovered around the Step Pyramid the Step Pyramid is considered the oldest stone pyramid in Egypt although Petrie found some fragments of similar bowls at Giza the majority have been found at the Step Pyramid at least in quantity many of them have inscribed actually scratched onto them the symbols of the very earliest kings of Egypt from the time before the Pharaohs the primitive skill of the inscriptions provokes many to think those were not made by the same craftsman who created the Bulls in the first place perhaps they were added later by those who acquired them as heirlooms is highly plausible who made these objects why how where and when what happened to the master craftsman the advanced tubular drilling techniques WM Flinders Petrie is by far an essential reading source on anything to do with tubular drilling in ancient Egypt after all he picked up the pieces the drill cores and the fragments that nobody else seen the valuing in 1883 he wrote the following words these tubular drills vary in thickness from a quarter inch to five inches in diameter and from one thirtieth to one-fifth inch thick the smallest hole yet found in granite is two inch diameter there is a still larger example where a platform of limestone rock has been dressed down by cutting it away with tube drills about eighteen inches in diameter the circular grooves occasionally intersecting prove that it was done merely to remove the rock Shoob drilling was commonplace in Egypt a wonderful pristine example of which is displayed in the Cairo Museum with zero information or provenance clearly the spiral grooves are visible not only are the spiral grooves of regular depth but equally spaced all over the specimen where the cores overlap the consistency is perfect this can only be attained by jeweled points set into drills which was Petrie's conclusion over 100 years ago the enigma has raged since then the most famous example of tube drilling by the ancient builders is the sarcophagus in the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid a tube drill mark was left on the top inside of the box with some extra polishing to cover it up if you go to the King's Chamber you can still see it if you examine the box looking at the radius of the cut in the King's Chamber box less than 2 inches it's rather obvious that in this one piece alone the Masons made thousands of holes several inches deep the experts who did this had mastered completely the principles of drilling in any material soft or hard wood stone or metal and could have drilled virtually any naturally occurring material on this planet things get interesting when we find holes drilled in granite and we even have some of the drill core remnants this can be seen in the overhead door lintels of the granite lined valley temple near the sphinx and at abu gorab most of the doorways in the temples still show evidence of tube drilling one way or another perhaps the holes were used to place long vertical rotating shafts on which the doors were hung somewhat like hinges there's a primitive version of tube drilling that can be achieved with a bamboo drill bit a bow saw and sand however achieving this method and granite is certainly not easy by any standards tube drilling is a highly specialized method that just wouldn't develop without the need for a large hole these holes are the evidence of a highly advanced technology and certainly not developed for just this one purpose but for many easier purposes generations of development over many projects over hundreds of years when you get this far in the psychology of our ancient builders you further realize none of this happened without mining and metallurgy mik manufacturing generations of experience with grinding materials rotational manufacturing techniques the wheel and all that goes with it what was the dedication or motivation for this developmental procedure and is there an archaeological record in pre-dynastic and old Kingdom Egypt pertaining to advanced ancient stone cutting techniques black basalt saw marks on the Giza Plateau and the King's Chamber there are black basalt paving stones on the east side of the Great Pyramid at Giza most people walk over them never realizing them probably busy looking up at the Great Pyramid these basalt pavers are irregular in thickness and often rounded on the bottom side they were placed on top of blocks of limestone which had previously been fitted to the underbelly bedrock amazingly the basalt blocks were cut to level in situ after they'd been put in place on the ground the edges are so crisp and parallel the quality of this work indicates that the blade was held completely steady apparently cutting basalt was not so slow an arduous that extra cuts like these would have been avoided as being an unnecessary waste of time there are several places where over cuts like these can be seen they show no trace of the wobbling cuts that might be expected of a long hand pulled blade as it starts into hard material that may be because these cuts were made as the blade was coming out of a cut above it and it was held firmly in place by the rock above it we know that the stone box in the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid was cut with a very large saw one which was longer than the box perhaps ten feet the marks on the bottom of the box were discovered and described by Flinders Petrie he also described an error in cutting that went off the mark before the workers noticed to back out the saw from the cut and start over these questions could perhaps be answered if microscopic examinations of the cut marks by contemporary specialists and manufacturing technology could analyze it the works of William Flinders Petrie pioneered this research in the 1880s b-tree in Egypt particularly he showed there was an order or protocol for creating artifacts that involve the use of simple geometries and such as simple radius overall radii are combined to create a shape where one radius would lead to another radius that would then be tangent with a flat surface and you find that at Giza near the pyramids and also other places around Egypt there are so many remarkable artifacts that really have not received that much attention in conventional literature and the simple methods that are described by Egyptologist don't really answer the question of how these artifacts were created because it's not just a matter of describing a tool and how you actually remove material from a block of granite but also a range of instruments that would have been necessary to ensure that the measurements are consistent throughout the creation of those artifacts the tools to measure are equally important as those used to cut drill and polish those tools don't exist in the archaeological record nor have they been even suggested in the conventional literature that they did exist so it's an open question right now and it's certainly opened for study by Egyptologists or universities who would care or dare to take up the challenge and that challenge is to be able to come up with methods that would explain these artifacts in a way that modern engineers would understand and believe unfortunately in the past this has not taken place we've not been directed or shown by people in Egyptology or in academia we haven't been shown any methods that will adequately explain the creation of these artifacts for example perfectly flat surfaces that you find on the igneous rock or the granite and basalt diorite artifacts that occur all over Egypt you'll find a very large block in the valley temple near the Sphinx at Giza there's one wall where there is a diorite block that shows a high order of precision being extremely flat comparative measurements using a very precise straight edge show precision to one-tenth the thickness of a human hair well this is extremely precise you also find those kind of services in the Great Pyramid and the granite box in the Great Pyramid also the second pyramid there are numerous very large what they call sarcophagi in the Sarabia and these sarcophagi are supposedly built to bury bulls but the precision in the size of these boxes that seem to indicate a much higher purpose one that would serve a technological purpose rather than just for a funeral because on the inside of the boxes you not only find very precise flat surfaces but also the corner is where one service meets another are extremely square also the wall of the inside of the box where it meets the lid is extremely square the fact that these artifacts and work materials exist has not been adequately explained in the literature we're trying to understand to really come to grips with Egyptology isn't trying to come to grips with anything even how we will create these artifacts today because it would really stretch our capabilities to make these artifacts particularly the ones in the Sarah Pam but these are fairly simple geometries we go from the simple to the complex and then it becomes a little more difficult to explain because not only a flat surface is fairly simple to understand in terms of how you would grind a surface flat now when we move to more complex surfaces we find that there are objects that have curved surfaces or radii and gathering the information about those I've tried to determine how they were created and gathering the information about those I've tried to determine how they were created but before you can actually do that you have to determine exactly what it is that you're looking at and that you can't do that without taking measurements so taking measurements of those are when you have complex compounds surfaces and compound radii that flow from one to the other and also they seem to follow a general direction or the contours are maybe cut and then that contour flows along a straight line and that straight line on an axis is very precise to almost as though it would be made on a machine and that of course is a very controversial suggestion in today's world you have to consider that because the two created any other way it would be enormous ly difficult and certainly for an artefact that's supposed to be part of a construction it wouldn't require that much of that high precision if it was just for our construction purposes if it was made by hand it would take an enormous amount of time for you to create that precision and it wouldn't be necessary anyway those are the kind of questions that need to be asked when we look at these artifacts it's a question of what tools would have been used to create it and when we ask those questions we tend to lean more towards the fact that the machines or the tools that they were using to create them were capable of no lesser precision and what appears in the piece flinders petrie was very outspoken on these issues over a century ago stating the methods employed by the Egyptians and cutting the hard Stone's which they so frequently worked have long remained undetermined various suggestions have been made some very impractical but no actual proofs of the tools employed or the manner of using them have been obtained amazingly he recognized the immense importance by today's standards all the way back then he gave detailed analysis of engineering enigma the typical method of working hard stones such as granite diorite basalt etc was by means of bronze tools these were set with cutting points far harder than the quartz which was operated on the material of these cutting points is yet undetermined but only five substances are possible Beryl topaz kreisel Beryl corundum or sapphire and diamond the character of the work would certainly seem to point to diamond as being the cutting jewel and only the considerations of its rarity in general interfere with this conclusion in Memphis there's an open-air museum there with a statue of Ramses which is lying on its back one of the things that's looking down the length of the Ramses statue the face seems to be extraordinarily regular and precise and particularly the nostrils being identical on both sides which is unusual to find somebody or some person with their identical nostrils the ancient Egyptians were being very precise and symmetrical in the creation of their statues in the Luxor Temple the head of Ramses on his statue is so perfect looking how could anyone not find this puzzling the famous author and manufacturing engineer Christopher Dunn who's done so much to bring these enigmas to light has shown the complexities of this engineering prowess the symmetry in the Ramses face is very remarkable precision overlaying too deep transparent photos shows this amazing feat of Engineering when you realize it's three dimensionally symmetric it becomes mind-boggling at that point Christopher Dunn is by far one of the most prominent experts on this entire issue the level of sophistication that the ancient Egyptians had used in creating these statues is simply incredible the Ramses statue in Scituate the temple of Luxor is not a rogue example reportedly over a hundred Ramzi statues were created another famous one is in the British Museum and it's in the exact same condition of precision and symmetry the interesting thing about the British Museum statue of Ramses we see that there was a mistake in the manufacture of that statue where there was a dig in the corner of the mouth where the tool had cut too deep and then in order to compensate for that they had to cut the lips deeper into the face which created a very sharp cusps human hands really didn't have much control over because they did not have to do those mistakes by hand again we return to Flinders Petrie 'z analysis for insight many nations are in the habit of cutting hard materials by means of a soft substance as copper wood horn etcetera with a hard powder applied to it the powder sticks in the basis employed and this being scraped over the stone to be caught so it wears away many persons have therefore very readily assumed as I myself did at first that this method must necessarily have been used by the Egyptians and that it would suffice to produce all the examples now collected such however is far from being the case though no doubt in alabaster and other soft stones this method was employed let us take a moment to recap what we do know what we can ascertain or accept from what we know they had tube trills with drill bits and the necessary machinery to hold them in place and apply rotational torque they had saws that could cut granite with ease and precision producing amazing symmetry they have the ability to work the hardest of rocks and more often preferred to do so in addition they applied their techniques finishing granite in situ after a block had been placed in a wall or on the surface of a pyramid which literally boggles the mind they have the ability to cut level and polish granite to a sophisticated degree of perfection then lathe machinery that would turn and polish granite schist basalt etc in ways we've not duplicated in our modern society they cut extremely accurate parallel limestone joints with such a remarkable flatness over huge surface areas some 35 square feet or more a technique they've mastered before creating the casing of the Great Pyramid of Giza they have the knowledge and technology to repeatedly lift maneuver and delicately place enormous weights of stone at various heights they had the motivation and means to quarry and move millions of stone blocks they had the administrative skill to foresee multi-generational works all that they require for a very long planning and project continuity whilst maintaining the commitment of many generations of craftsmen from apprenticeship through retirement of the workforce putting it this way the pyramid builders of ancient Egypt have achieved the implementation of the largest most ambitious advanced long-term engineering construction program in the history of mankind by a longshot Flinders Petrie never could satisfy his curiosity over the working of quartz saying that the Egyptians were acquainted with a cutting jewel far harder than quartz and that they used this jewel as a sharp pointed graver is put beyond doubt by the diorite bulls with inscriptions of the fourth dynasty of which I found fragments at Giza as well as these scratches on polished granite of Ptolemaic a Jats and the hieroglyphs are incised with a very free cutting point they're not scraped or ground out but are plowed through the diorite with rough edges to the line as the lines are only one one fiftieth of an inch wide the figures being about point too long it's evidence that the cutting point must have been much harder than quartz and tough enough not to splinter when so fine an edge was being employed probably only 1/2 hundredths of an inch wide parallel lines are graved only one thirtieth of an inch apart from the center to center then dara temple provides the same baffling discoveries with respect to ancient stone-cutting techniques and advanced machining in the ancient world just like the Luxor Temple the consistency and repetition and geometries in the Dendera temple are revealed when we study the apostle Hall this impressive structure as you can enter the temple contains 24 columns each about 90 meters high and they have a Capitol on the top which is four-sided Capitol with four phases of the goddess Hathor the Capitol columns in this apostle hall are all in alignment with each other in a very surprising and precise way when we look at the geometric features of the Capitals even the ears of hathor seem to be in alignment there are many complex geometric elements at play with various overlapping ellipses and this repeats on each face of the four-sided columns to imagine constructing this hallway with all these columns and capitals when we consider that the height to which these capitals were placed and the potential for air and communication of error how are they able to precisely align each of those features also what we find is that the Capitals are not in one piece they were made in several pieces and the builders were able to detect the split lines we're able to determine where those split lines were then very precisely put it all together the whole temple was manufactured very precisely before being erected and put into place for assembly egyptologists profess at least on-site at dandera any how to how this remarkable complex feat was achieved as laughable as the following theory is it's perpetrated repeatedly with zero knowledge of manufacturing procedures and blatant disregard for the evidence in front of them allegedly the builders brought up rough blocks in mud ramps placing the blocks on top of one another and then starting at the top and shipping the material away removing the sand or mud as they got lower and lower and lower basically finishing their work on the way down what that evidence really shows you is that is not the case everything was made perfectly well by hand and then assembled considering the extraordinary amount of work that went into creating the did they're a temple it's hard to imagine the preposterous scenario where primitive tools created such a marvelous wonder of craftsmanship one of the biggest mysteries in Egyptology is if the text books on what tools were employed by the ancient Egyptians in the thousands of years that the ancient Egyptian civilization existed some three thousand years you can follow the development of tools from the beginning of that civilization to the end and we start out using copper chisels stone balls stone chisels wooden mallets and then three thousand years later we're using the same thing yet if you look at the extraordinary sophistication and genius of the ancient Egyptian artifacts and temples to think that those engineers were still not advanced in their stone tools in thousands of years or did not improve their techniques it's counterintuitive to even consider it all we must ask the question where the tools are we know that they existed and that we just haven't found them yet we know that they add engineers we know that they had craftsmen we can't deny that and engineers don't just function that way they'll make improvements to their processes in any generation in any part of you that have people with engineering lines they'll continually improve their tools sometimes very rapidly but certainly over a 3,000 year period producing the level of work they did something is obviously missing [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music]

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Length: 31min 21sec (1881 seconds)

Published: Mon Aug 12 2019