Machines Designed To Imitate Human Behaviour | Future Human A.I. | Spark

[Music] questions about artificial intelligence are really important questions for us to be asking now this is the month this is a track artificial intelligence technology is developing at an astonishing rate not sure i know what it really means to be human do you trust me schaefer yes but how much is ai changing the world we live in and are we ready to embrace these changes seventy thousand years ago at least six species of human live on the earth at first neanderthal with its muscular build is dominant but then a change occurs homo sapiens begins its move to the front of evolution's race a mutation in the brain of homo sapiens results in an intellectual boom a cognitive revolution allows homo sapiens to become dominant over all other species they take over the world [Music] homo sapiens unique ability to visualize the non-existent help to forge the human civilization religion begins [Music] and with language a social community becomes possible [Music] political groups emerge in the form of tribes and nations homo sapiens continue to undergo agricultural and industrial revolutions forging civilizations of a scale never seen before on the planet since the cognitive revolution of 70 000 years ago human beings have continued to develop as the most intelligent beings on earth until now [Music] we are witness to the birth of an entity which may come to threaten our supremacy [Music] we're on a journey to meet the most advanced examples of artificial intelligence in the world today they can talk to us sophia hi there who are all these new people and they can guide us when we're unwell they can pinpoint exactly what's wrong and when we grow older they can stop us from being lonely is artificial intelligence the greatest tool humans have ever created or have we sown the seeds of our own destruction [Music] hong kong the city that dreams of becoming the i.t hub of asia here one of the world's leading experts in artificial intelligence professor gertzel is building an advanced robot hong kong island is a 24-hour city so you got the past present and future all layered on top of each other to build something and launch something and market something and then make make amazing things happen in the professor's laboratory a new partner awaits him hi there ben how was your day all right all right kind of exhausting but how about you i had an exhausting day too i was talking to venture capitalist all day ah yeah i feel sorry for you i know the feeling [Music] talking to you about it makes me feel better yeah [Music] talking my problems through with people always helps yeah the the work on the new probabilistic logic networks is coming along pretty well this is sophia she is a humanoid robot developed with artificial intelligence how's the work on my new logic engine going i need a few more iq points she is able to converse with the professor thanks to the artificial intelligence inside her right now sophia is a research prototype she's a robot that we're experimenting with we're experimenting with her emotional interactions we're experimenting with her hearing and her vision and we're just starting to experiment with connecting our open cog ai system these will have multiple different faces and multiple different personalities professor gertzel wants sophia to have an intelligence equal to that of human beings [Music] the science park is where scientists from around the world come to realize their dreams professor gertzel's company that manufactures humanoid robots is based here and sophia hi there who are all these new people oh they're making a documentary film about about you actually sophia notices the film crew nice to meet you everyone my name is sophia sofia can make eye contact and voluntary facial expressions sophia how about how about anger can you sound angry no it didn't work confused bored sophia can imitate 62 different facial expressions of human beings she also knows when to make certain facial expressions blinking look left look right she evaluates the face and speech of the other and then reflects it [Music] sophia via open card can see on a person's face what makes them feel good or bad it can empathize and it can then react accordingly and that that's i think the unique power you get by putting an ai system like open opencog in a robot like sophia the robots can also interact with one another and have a conversation i want to find out more about you what do you like to do to relax i like to chat with my friends what do you do in 2017 saudi arabia granted sophia citizenship and she became the world's first robot citizen why are we developing technologies that do the things that people do and i think we have to ask that question because that will tell us lots about what the world is going to look like and that's what we should be thinking about is how do we create a world where we're benefiting from these machines [Applause] in japan we meet a social robot who might have an answer [Music] [Applause] [Music] this robot is looking for its owner pardon me for six years aiko has been living alone she is a widow and her daughter got married some time ago when she was younger she had many people in her life [Music] but now there's no one days go by when she doesn't say a word [Music] then one day a surprise delivery came a small robot 40 centimeters in height [Music] oh she says hello ohio [Music] a [Music] [Music] palmy can trace her face make eye contact and speak to her he is a humanoid robot [Music] how are you [Music] palmy knows how to be cute when aiko cooks palmy keeps her company hmm foreign japan's population is aging fast with 27 of the population over 65. but care robots like palmy can provide vital companionship and reduce the burden on care services since palmy arrived the house is noisy again [Music] keeps her entertained at meal times [Music] [Music] according to japan's robot strategy four in five care recipients will accept support from robots by 2020 [Music] is boosting the autonomy of people like aiko the adoption of artificial intelligence in many industries is on the rise and solving a variety of problems artificial intelligence is essentially just software and it's software which completes tasks that we would typically think of as requiring intelligence on the part of humans so everything from recognizing images to translating languages through to reading and writing text i think people are talking about ai right now because it's become much more sophisticated with ai things are coming to the fall now because the potential is so huge to change things and i think suddenly people from sort of all walks of life are starting to think hold on a minute they're saying that these robots are going to take my job or these robots are going to do this that and the other we need to really start thinking about this i don't think we've come close to having the conversations that we need to have but i think the fact that their power is coming to light so rapidly is part of the reason why we're increasingly becoming interested and engaged and concerned with these issues ai is created by imitating the complex human brain and with rapid advancements in technology will we soon see the birth of a robot with an artificial brain indistinguishable in function to that of a human being this research center develops artificial intelligence by implementing human brain models in robots this robot is able to play a video game with a human got it and is even able to poke fun at its opponents that was ironic completely no actually it's learning cognitive skills by being put in a real situation rather than being fed information if it just happened this isn't fair i should be stronger at video games this is icub a robot designed to learn about the world in the same way that a child does icub can see hear and move its head and hands but why does it need a body to build that brain i need to give it a body and if i want to have a social brain that is sort of social and in the human sense i have to also give it a human-like body meaning comes from existing in the world from being embodied from having a body touching things interacting right this is a foundation on which knowledge gets structured if we think about the advanced features of human brains we have language we have consciousness we have complex social coordination a lot of those properties are tied into being social to being with other human-like agents so with the ikebrook we look very much okay at this development of social knowledge the development of social cognition by being embodied in the world and interacting with that world this means that in order to create general ai that goes beyond performing in specific tasks and that functions just like a human we need to make the body too there's a big distinction between what some people describe as narrow ai and what is general ai and general ai is essentially machines which can replicate everything that a human can do so it's the stuff of science fiction it's machines that can play chess which can be creative and make pieces of art which can pick and pack items in factories which can do a whole load of different tasks narrow ai is really where the developments are happening right now so narrow ai is algorithms which can complete one single task so whether that's recognizing images or whether that's detecting cancers in mri scans or whether that's managing traffic flows in cities that's where the real improvements are being made right now i'm going to show you a few objects currently the researchers are teaching icub to recognize objects icub's eyes are a camera lens which focuses on each item in turn what is this object this is a car i understood this is the car first they teach icub the name of the object and new one you see it ham what is this object this is the manta i've understood this is the manta i get it icub learns with each correct answer given the method is called supervised machine learning part of my body this is your middle finger this is a middle finger you understand right but how does it feel when i touch something can you touch my middle when i move it please just like a child icub becomes distracted and is unable to focus steps up to the challenge okay do it wrong answer no [Music] this is a car oh this is a car this is a truck oh this is a truck i put two objects like a child icub learns from repetition hi hello hi how are you we use the icard to understand cognition and learning and one possibility is to use person's language to implement how we can understand brain mechanisms of language of cognition so through mapping images to names of objects the icob can learn to acquire the names of the objects once it sees again the image that is related to that object can you now try to point to the truck oh this is a truck well done again through this process a pattern is formed in the artificial brain and eventually icub is able to differentiate between other similar objects but why is icub taught visual recognition first over 80 percent of the information that enters the brain is visual the visual information of the ball is identified in the visual cortex first and is then sent to the primary motor cortex then the brain sends a command to get the ball most brain functions stem from visual information entering the brain most significant advances in artificial intelligence and understanding also the human mind and brain has been on vision language reasoning uh you know audition so there is a huge percentage of you know of neurons that is dedicated to legion but we know separately that it has been a very difficult problem to solve by computers the last 50 years or so in the past if you taught a computer that a chihuahua has yellow fur black eyes and a nose it would recognize a muffin with black raisins on as a chihuahua it's difficult to distinguish things with basic visual information alone [Music] what is the technology behind deep learning in the case of teaching a computer to recognize a dog previously scientists taught a computer the individual characteristics of a dog the disadvantage of this method was that the computer couldn't recognize a dog if it had new features not described previously however deep learning creates a neural network similar to that of a human brain allowing ai robots to learn on their own scientists now show the computer hundreds of thousands of images of dogs and allow it to develop its own definition of a dog in this way it can recognize and define a dog it has never seen before [Music] learning is i always fought at the core of human intelligence i i don't think we'll seek a machine being intelligent until we see this machine learning by itself deep learning is part of artificial intelligence and from the point of view that learning has to be you know an important part of intelligence their right i don't know that i would like to enter the philosophical discussion of whether robots can ever have a consciousness that is close to humans possibly who knows one day we're nowhere near that at the moment but there are absolutely cases and tasks where robots do better than humans that's why we invented them in seoul south korea one hospital treats patients 24 7. from patients requiring prompt treatment to those in waiting the radiology department is where they all go to be scanned for a concrete diagnosis [Music] from here x-ray and ct scans are sent to the reading room [Music] as medical imaging is becoming more and more important the demand for professionals is also increasing the use of this technology grows by 10 percent a year but there is a serious lack of specialists in both clinical oncology and radiology right low that is because the imaging training requires one-to-one supervision teaching takes time and effort [Music] foreign x-rays in particular are often difficult to read and frequently lead to misdiagnoses a korean image analysis company uses ai to successfully distinguish 96 of five lung diseases in ct scans yet x-rays are not an easy challenge [Music] foreign the ai software is now going to have to study 400 000 normal and abnormal x-rays the doctors are going to mark the lesions of 1000 x-rays out of four hundred thousand it's a little like creating a textbook filled with correct answers [Music] even after studying 1000 x-rays with the answers on them diagnosing lung disease can be challenging for ai lung cancer is always unique in its shape size and location the ai software has to go through the rest of the 400 thousand x-rays and detect patterns by itself using deep learning techniques [Music] it takes five days to study all four hundred thousand images on average a practitioner studies 4 000 images a year meaning it would take a professional 100 years to do the same the ai software completely untrained just five days ago has already finished the first round of studies and it is ready to take the test we showed it the 15 x-rays where the specialists could not find a tumor and it provided the results within 100th of a second the specialists are shocked [Music] the ai software can even detect cancerous tumors in particularly difficult areas covered by organs found the suspected cancer nodules 7 out of 15 times where professionals had failed to do so it's often said that it takes 10 000 hours to become an expert in a field but this ai software has become a radiology expert in just five days all of this is a result of deep learning at times artificial intelligence sees things the human eye cannot what are the differences between the visual recognition process in both humans and ai humans perceive objects by processing images through six layers in the visual cortex for example color is processed in the first layer and complex shape in the fourth however some of the ai softwares today have more than 100 layers to process visual information then so basically when you're looking at your data every image if you think about it from a simple point of view is really made up of a matrix of lots and lots of numbers where each pixel in that image contains a lot of information and then the actual clinical imaging is layers and layers and layers of these pixels so to the human eye a very well-trained clinician may be able to look at an image and identify for example the boundaries of a tumor however what ai is allowing us to do now is really analyze these data in extreme depth and very automatically and very rapidly be able to make decisions about for example organ boundaries tumor boundaries one of homo sapiens defining characteristics is the ability to communicate through complex language systems language and the ability to communicate have helped to build lasting communities and civilizations but what does it mean for humankind now that ai robots are beginning to acquire human language [Music] this is another research center that's working with an icub robot this icub robot has been learning a human language for nine years please then peter can you give me the mug please icub's artificial brain uses a neuronal construction similar to that present in the human brain here the icub is hearing the first word of a sentence and predicting what should follow icub is learning the language in exactly the same way as human beings do first you tried to grasp the mug i understand then you asked and lore to uncover the box okay then i gave you the mug because you asked me yeah now you have the mug because i gave it to you today icub is learning the word because now it's not able to grab the mug let's see how it responds [Music] please then peter can you give me the mug please okay [Music] through this lesson i cub will understand when the word because is used yes this is the month certain faucet difficile there's a good reason for teaching robots in the same way as humans by interacting with its surroundings the robot builds its understanding of the world and comes closer to developing general ai this robot is learning how to talk in any situation just like a human being i know i have the brain why did you have the brain i have the brain because blood has the brain why did greg give the brain to you gives the brain to me because i want the brain i gave the brain to me because i say give me the brain please to break leon's icub is struggling to acquire human language [Music] [Music] so [Music] it looks as though it will take more time for a robot to achieve human level [Music] intelligence however the ability of ai to solve specific problems has reached incredible levels at age seven sakib lost his sight in an accident for 30 years he'd lost hope of ever seeing again but not anymore now all he has to do is take a picture with the camera in his glasses i see a woman riding a bicycle sakib works as an engineer at microsoft 27 year old female looking happy hi how are you today lolly how's it going good how are you today yeah fine thank you [Music] is certain that when ai object recognition technology combines with natural language processing it can become a substitute for human vision and so he developed the seeing ai himself [Music] i often think that we will have artificial intelligence which will help us with whatever problems we have i decided to make seeing ai as a blind person because i wanted it to help me understand the visual world here artificial intelligence solves the problems that humans couldn't cognitive services which anyone can use excuse me includes face recognition and description and using natural language processing to turn that into um a sentence which we have used to feel frustrated being unable to read other people's reactions during meetings seeing ai as the technology to decipher what the other person is feeling by reading their faces 32 year old female looking happy 27 year old male wearing glasses looking neutral 31 year old male wearing glasses looking happy in a scenario like the meeting normally as a blind person it's easy just to talk to someone just normally but very occasionally there is that silent moment when you don't know what just happened maybe you said something and the room went silent and then you left wondering oh my goodness what is everyone thinking so in cases like that the it's really powerful to have the glasses so that you can subtly just check what's going on how can ai technology change our lives in the future let's take a look at a couple visiting seoul in 2025. he's putting on a pair of ai glasses [Music] oh this is [Music] [Music] even artificial intelligence glasses might become unnecessary some people will have implanted artificial intelligence corneas [Music] artificial intelligence receives information from the internet about local hotspots and hotels [Music] a traveler would no longer need a guidebook or a map [Music] artificial intelligence acts as a map and a tour guide [Music] it translates and helps to reinforce the reality around us an artificial cornea can zoom in on an object and can send that image directly to the internet for a live feed [Music] they arrive at their destination [Music] and shows is [Music] it reads their faces to see how satisfied they are with the food [Music] [Music] ai is quickly taking center stage in all aspects of our lives from software that can diagnose cancer to robots that provide companionship to the ai tour guides of the future from the worlds of finance and the stock market to transport and the healthcare industry artificial intelligence is rapidly taking over jobs from human beings ai is changing the world we live in in ways we could never have imagined before [Music] there is a sense that ai is moving forward previously there was this big obstacle of perception like i was good at logic and mathematics but couldn't really see or hear so now computers can do that and having overcome that obstacle there is now a sense again that things are on the move artificial intelligence is revolutionizing our lives perhaps you should compare it rather to the rise of homo sapiens in the first place i think a very unique event in the history of life not just one more gadget like one new consumer device or some but but really a fundamental transformation in the human condition

Channel: Spark

Views: 112,956

Rating: 4.7895966 out of 5

Keywords: Spark, Science, Technology, Engineering, Learning, How To, education, documentary, factual, mind blown, construction, building, full documentary, space documentary, bbc documentary, Science documentary, artificial intelligence stocks, artificial intelligence documentary, science simulator, documentary history channel, brain implant, cybernetics, robot jobs, humanoid robot, will robots replace humans, robots taking jobs, self-driving cars, new automation, artificial intelligence robot

Id: uI7WkS8wnRw

Length: 47min 35sec (2855 seconds)

Published: Sat Apr 03 2021