Compound & Complex Sentences - English for Academic Purposes with Josh #1

well hello everybody welcome to our smart livestream my name is Joshua Porter I'm a teacher here in Spokane Washington at SCE L and I'm excited to be here for the first livestream this is incredible this is great I got to talk to people all over the world from this little studio here in the US of A so I've been a teacher for six years I taught in several countries I taught in Haiti and in Central America and I love teaching here in the United States because I get to experience all the oh yeah I know shoot I'm trying to take care of that okay the stream stopped though oh did you tell Julian yeah okay uh yeah I'm guessing restore the complete weight can you see it wait a minute ah that's just that's just the music I know the second I just you know is the entire stream stopped yeah hold on let me try to go back live again okay uh it's still streaming it's so the music is going couldn't even hit green okay I'll try hi so we're back sorry about that technical difficulty there check this okay so the chats going again hi Anita hi there and we are as I said streaming from Spokane Washington we're working out some Wi-Fi difficulties right now but we'll get everything up and working and this is exactly why we're doing this to kind of get to know you and and practice a bit in this brand new studio in in wonderful Spokane Washington we're here at Spokane College of English language and we have this beautiful building with these amazing students that I get to see and teach every day so I'm happy to be able to connect with you guys from so far away let me take a look here at the chat and yeah everything is going well once again my name is Joshua and this class is English for academic purposes EAP nice little acronym there and the idea is that we have so many different varieties of English and in different fields different jobs for example I built a class that will be taught later today which is English 125 for Health Sciences and when you if you think you want to go work in the medical field maybe you want to be a doctor or a nurse or a phlebotomist which a person that that draws blood you need to know specific words specific terminology also with regular grammar and mechanics and syntax it's the way we make our sentences this class is an upper-level class so I'm going to speak at a pretty natural pace I will try to enunciate my words you can hear them clearly but if I ever speak too quickly feel free to ask a question in the chat and we will we will get back to you and and I can repeat things and give you all the information that you need so um you'll see me sometimes looking over here when I am I'm checking the chat so I can see all your questions and hopefully answer them if I know them I know I know a lot of English but it's hard to ever know all of English we're always learning all of your teachers are always learning if they stop learning they should probably stop teaching because it's a lifelong process so this is great we have lots of people here tuning in I'm going to start the lesson now we we had a little technical difficulty that delayed so I'm glad you guys stuck around and are here with us I'm going to bring up our lesson here and close out of Google what I'd like to go over today is four types of sentences so this is breaking down the main four types of sentences in English that we use there's a simple sentence which could be just subject and verb such as I play I teach I work or you play you teach you work subject verb can be the simplest English sentence possible and that's the easy one that's the one we learn first but this is an upper-level class so we need to practice using all kinds of sentences so the second type of sentence is a compound sentence compound sentences use conjunctions that you may know by the acronym fanboys many people use the acronym fanboys to remember all of the conjunctions that you can use F is for for you can put for between two independent clauses so if I wanted to say something like I play and I teach I can say that because I play is a independent clause it's a complete good English sentence it's very simple but it's good I teach is also an independent clause it's a good English sentence if I want to combine those to show relationship or just efficiency like I want to say more information in an easier way I can say I play and I teach an example of this would be if I if I played piano but I also want someone to know that I teach piano as well I play piano and I teach piano and the words that connect those like the word end and I use that as an example because it is so common it's the most common conjunction I would say in the English language um that is its you're going to see it more than any other conjunction but there are others there's four there is and which we talked about there is nor which nor is not that common it's it's sort of antiquated English Old English you might see it but more than likely you would see it in a in a formal setting an example might be at this company we do not sell paper nor do we sell pens it just sounds very formal and I personally don't use it so I like to let students know that when we learn English English is always changing and evolving and growing and we want to make sure we're using current English the newest cutting-edge English that's what we're all about here that's why we create this great curricula and teach these classes to teach you the English you'll actually use all over the world so we have four and nor but which shows contrast when I use the conjunction but I'm trying to show contrast for example I don't eat fast food but I eat fast food when I travel and I would actually for the sentence probably say I don't usually often I don't usually eat fast food but I eat fast food when I travel because it's it's simple its quick it's easy but very unhealthy for me so I try not to eat it many of my students when they first meet me if they have never experienced an American teacher they'll say Joshua why why do you not eat McDonald's every day and I have to explain that we don't always eat McDonald's it's not not good for you it's not healthy so but shows contrast I don't usually eat fast food but I eat fast food when I travel so I sometimes eat fast food so moving on with fanboys we have for and nor but or is another very popular one or on the weekends I play baseball or I play guitar it shows two options binary options so that's another common one and but and/or are probably the three most common conjunctions in English and the next one is also a little unusual yet yet is the next one um oops typo they're not yes yet yet is not as common I would say that's more common than noir but still not often used and it's also a way to show contrast I it was raining outside yet I still went for a walk that could be an example and then our last one is so and so is a good conjunction also very popular so is used to explain to show purpose or reason I was tired so I took a nap it shows the reason I took a nap was because I was tired so those are fanboys the mnemonic or acronym for remembering our conjunctions so when we take two simple sentences and we use a conjunction they become compound sentences so moving back a little bit examples simple sentences we have Winston works in the HR department Winston works in the HR department and Omar there I see you you want to say although - we're going to get to although be patient we'll get there I'll tell you all about although so again simple sentences Winston which is a usually a man's name in in America Winston works in the HR department that is a simple sentence we have Winston which is our subject works which is our verb and then we have a prepositional phrase works in the HR department which tells us more about Winston's job human resources which HR here stands for human resources human resources is an important branch of company this again is a simple sentence it's it's one independent clause and we can add things to these simple sentences like adjectives or prepositional phrases to give more meaning to give more understanding to our subjects or our verbs or our objects but they are still simple sentences motivating to the next example motivating employees requires a combination of factors motivating employees requires a combination of factors this again is one more simple sentence which we can we can add information to but if we break it down you can think of a simple sentence as just a subject and a verb and then maybe some modifiers like adjectives or adverbs so simple sentences can have compound subjects so I want to talk about this word your compound compound is when we we put two things together when when we want to create something new out of two separate things we can put them together so a compound subject we can use a conjunction to to talk about two nouns and an action that they both do for example Winston and Sophie work in the HR department so my compound subject here is Winston and Sophie this tells us that both of these subjects work in the HR department and this is still an example of a simple sentence you see here simple sentences can contain two or more main verbs as long as they refer to the same subject so if I use two verbs in a simple sentence they both refer to the same subject as an example Winston works in the HR department and consults marketing so my subject is Winston and my verbs are work and consults and you notice we still use that conjunction and that common conjunction in English where we want to say there are two verbs we can use the conjunction so Winston works in the HR department and consults in marketing so Winston has two jobs he works in the HR department and he consults in marketing and that is still a simple sentence so compound sentences compound sentences are when we we take those two as I said and we use one of those conjunctions from from fanboys for and button or etc and we're able to take both of those simple sentences and combine them without any extra capitalization just one one period it's one sentence but we've combined two simple sentences with a conjunction compound sentences have two complete thoughts two complete thoughts different ideas that we want to combine in the form of two independent clauses so when I say independent clause you can think of an independent clause as a simple sentence really it means the same thing it is something that you can say on its own by itself and it has meaning it makes sense to the listener we use a joining word here sorry I've lost my thought that for a second it's joined by a conjunction or with punctuation we can use commas after or before our conjunctions so there are three ways to form compound sentences we're going to break them down and show you those three ways we can do that first we can use a comma and a coordinating conjunction and that's what I was talking about that the fanboys right here so we have our first independent clause or simple sentence and then we have our coordinating conjunctions here for and nor but or yet and so and they have the purpose here so for is to introduce causation if someone asks why why we did something I bought a guitar comma for the purpose of learning to play guitar so it tells you the causation for the first independent clause if I use and it's to add addition it's to say both of these things are true I like pizza and I like ice cream nor as I said is not very common but does show negative option so I can say something like I do not eat McDonald's nor do I suggest anyone eat McDonald's I'm showing two things that are are negative options I don't you notice I use the negative there I don't eat at this restaurant nor do I eat at that other restaurant and bud is for opposition shows shows contrast something that is different I hike in the woods and I hike through the city that would show similarity if I use but I hike in the woods but I do not hike in the city it's to show disparate nature contrast something that is is different um we zoomed in a bit here I hope you can see see the screen a little bit better we have or which is an option would you like coffee or would you like tea oftentimes one person will prefer one or the other and that's it's a binary option it's two different things coffee or tea this or that two different things that are our options for us and yet is a surprising opposition it's something that would make you go oh that's interesting for example I I don't have a lot of money yet I Drive a Ferrari that would surprise you that would be something you would not expect if I do not have a lot of money why do I have a Ferrari so it shows a surprising opposition and then so is to introduce effect it's it's like answering the question why I bought a guitar so I could learn to play guitar it explains why the first independent clause over here is is the case is true so here are examples again we're going back to Winston our friend Winston here Winston enjoys working for HR but he prefers working in marketing he enjoys working in HR but he prefers working in marketing that shows that contrast Sophie felt ill yesterday so she called him sick remember so is to introduce that effect like why why did she call in sick the answer is that first independent clause she felt ill so she called in sick it's like answering why I'm checking here and we have lots of viewers and and feel free to ask questions we love to answer questions that's the the purpose of this live class we get to interact with you we get to answer any questions you have about the material as we go along so feel free to ask me any any questions you have another way - again we are are looking at compound sentences and the three different ways to make them a second way is a semicolon now a lot of students are confused with the semicolon it looks strange it's not it's not a colon it's just a period stacked on top of a comma and American students in high school use this incorrectly all the time I did when I was in high school and it took a little while to learn it but it's actually very easy when we use two independent clauses so remember an independent clause is just like a simple sentence I work I play and they're clearly logically related to one another by addition or causation they can be connected by a semicolon for example Sophie felt ill yesterday she called in sick she called in sick now you notice the difference between the first way to make compound sentences where we use fanboys you know for an but nor etc here we do not use the coordinating conjunction we do not need it the semicolon does the job of the comma and the coordinating conjunction so it's a little cleaner we don't have to add that extra word you can type faster if you master this semicolon and it's a fun punctuation mark to use let me see here Beatrice okay Beatrice can you give another example for yet yes I'd love to I'm going to go back to the document here so let's talk about for remember here we saw for introduces causation causation so what is the cause for example why won't my car start I did not put gasoline in it that that would be the causation of my car not starting so causation something that that causes something else an example of four we could say I bought a guitar for excuse me for I want to learn to play guitar so it explains that causation I bought a guitar why did you buy a guitar Joshua I bought a guitar for I want to play guitar and this sentence it does sound a little formal when I say it out loud but it does connect those two ideas through causation with yet if we look at our lesson here yet is a surprising opposition surprising it's something that we did not expect and my example earlier um if you just tuned in is I said I do not have a lot of money yet I Drive a Ferrari I do not have a lot of money yet I Drive a Ferrari and I'm sure you guys know or have heard of a Ferrari before world-famous car out of Italy very fast race car it would be very strange you would be surprised if you knew I did not have a lot of money and I drove a Ferrari it'd be nice it's not true but if I told you that you would be very surprised so that's an example of yet and I believe I've misspelled Ferrari their apologies and you notice here we use again that comma and the coordinating conjunction yet also here comma and the coordinating conjunction for so that is the first way to make compound sentences and the second way Oh Rosa you have a good question as well can we use so to show reason so if we go back to our lesson here so is introducing effect we can think of effect as like a result what happens in the end if I go outside in a cold country in the winter with no coat the effect would B I would become cold so if I wanted to create a sentence with that meaning I would say something like I left without my coat so I became very cold and again I'm typing quickly there became I left without my coat so I became very cold so Rosa it's the reason I became very cold is I left without my coat so in one way we could think about it the first independent clause is the reason for this result it's just important to remember the order of those the result there is actually the first independent clause if someone asked me why are you so cold I would say because I left without my coat so so yes we can think of so that way Anita and yet is the same as anyway that is a great question Anita's question is is yet the same as anyway so let's look at a couple sentences and decide will decide if yet is the same as anyway I don't eat seafood yet I love the smell of sushi okay I don't eat seafood yet I love the smell of sushi when I go on a sushi restaurant I love this smell and this is a surprising contrast when we use yet Anita it's it's a surprise to us we don't expect it someone who does not eat seafood it's a little surprising that they would love the smell of sushi but maybe they have an allergy and they simply can't they wish they could eat sushi but they can't but there's a little bit of a surprise there so so we choose to use the coordinating conjunction yet if we try to make the same sentence using the word anyway I don't eat seafood , anyway I love the smell of sushi it's very unrelated it would not it would not have the exact same meaning anyway is a word that we use often in English to mean here is extra information we'll even use it to end conversations sometimes we'll say anyway I've got to be going it's unrelated to whatever was being written or talked about before so they're not they're not the same we would not use those exactly the same but great question let's see here sod or Bend should I call you Ben looks like your question is where we put the comma where do we put the comma before or after the preposition prepositions that's a great topic and we're not really going to go into prepositions right now because I want to stick to coordinating conjunctions but we will have preposition lessons coming up and that's a fun topic I got I have some some great presentations on prepositions there are probably two or three hundred prepositions in the English language we have some that we use very often but that's another great lesson so come back again and we will talk about prepositions good question though and thank you for that so I'm going to keep moving forward with the lesson here we're still on the the second kind of sentence we talked about simple sentences which are independent clauses now we are talking about compound sentences which are two independent clauses that we we connect we put them together in a couple different ways one is with coordinating conjunctions the other is with a semicolon and I love the semicolon I think it's a great punctuation mark we do not have to use a coordinating conjunction so another example that we can see this in is employee motivation is a complicated job for managers semicolon there are many different approaches to motivating staff member now this is just two independent clauses that we separate and you notice after the semicolon we do not capitalize the next letter if I were to write these two sentences independently if I did not want to show relationship and I just wanted to say two different sentences I could simply put a period here and capitalize this letter and this is still good English this is correct correct grammar correct syntax and correct mechanics with a period the next letter will always be capital after after a space there but I want to show relationship I want to show that we want to connect these these two independent clauses are so related that I want to to show that to my reader so to do that to say these two ideas are closely related I use a semicolon and no capital letter and and that's how we use semicolons feel free to ask more questions - I see we have a lot of people in the chat there and Beatrice that that was a great question and Rosa also great question thanks for that and then if you if you tune in again we'll talk about those prepositions Anita thank you to the the third way that I want to talk about combining two independent clauses is using a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb so they can be connected by a semicolon and one of many adverbs we have many many adverbs in English but some are more common and we're going to look at those today and they introduce logical relationship of ideas the whole purpose of a compound sentence is to show there's some sort of relationship there would you like coffee or tea those are both drinks that are offered if you if you visited my house I would offer you coffee or tea so it's to show relationship and we do that either with a comma and coordinating conjunction a semicolon and a second independent clause or we use an independent clause or excuse me a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb so we have also also is one of those words that will use furthermore furthermore has similar meaning it's it's saying I'm going to add information to this moreover these are all good academic words to that we can use in essays or formal writing academic writing and you will also hear them in speech you will hear Americans or Canadians or Australians use them in speech we have opposition so these words are for addition also I'm adding information furthermore I want to add information to the idea but it is related it's it's connected or moreover they have similar meaning of addition if I want to show opposition much like or or yet surprising opposition with our coordinating conjunctions I can say however however is opposition so an example could be I do not eat fast food often however if I travel I might that would say an opposite idea saying I do not eat fast food however I might if I were traveling on the other hand this is a great idiomatic phrase this is something we say in English often it shows opposition I can say we could see a movie later on the other hand we could play soccer in America we say soccer most of you probably would call it football but it's it's to show another option a second option on the other hand and we can think of it this way like one option on the other hand this option and nevertheless nevertheless also shows opposite an example might be it is raining outside nevertheless I will go for a walk I do not mind walking in the rain most people probably would not but I'm showing opposition I will I will choose to do that let's see I'm going to try to pronounce your name and if I get it wrong I'm sorry you can tell me tell me how to pronounce it but it looks like in in jealousies and jealousies that's a I hope I'm doing that right your question is why do you put a comma before or after the preposition do you mean in conjunction so we did talk about conjunctions earlier right now we're talking about conjunctive adverbs not prepositions adverbs and earlier we we did talk about coordinating conjunctions fanboys for and but nor so so we do put the comma before the coordinating conjunction we put a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and again we'll talk about prepositions at a later time so tune back in and we will have a whole hour on prepositions it's a very fun lesson to teach and I love teaching it so tune back in and we'll check that out let's see here Caesar Caesar is the semicolon common to use my teacher said to me that it is not good for writing an essay I will say that a semicolon can be thought of in a similar way to in exclamation mark this punctuation that we do not use so often I tell my students not to use exclamation marks in essays also I would use a semicolon in an essay though I do use semicolons in essays but we want to be careful how we use it if we put exclamation marks at the end of all of our sentences it sounds like we're shouting because that that shows we're exclaiming something where we're using it to show emphasis we're being emphatic so if I were to change this sentence here the second independent clause it makes it more powerful I don't eat seafood yet I love the smell of sushi I love it it's great I have to shout that almost because it shows excitement energy so my advice would be you can use semicolons and essays but choose to use them only when you want to show that that close relationship that's something you want to you want to show your reader that something is connected in an important way that is why we combine sentences so great questions these are that's that's excellent and good point ultimately you will find your own writing style but it's important to take advice from many different places and and find out what works best for you Rosa has another question here we can use on the other hand at the beginning of a paragraph like in an argumentative essay that is a great question I would not use on the other hand at the beginning of a paragraph the reason I would not use that is on the other hand is a it's an idiomatic phrase and we use it as a conjunctive adverb to connect in earlier thoughts you'll notice here on the the lesson that there's a semicolon so the independent clause the first independent clause is before the semicolon and then we use on the other hand and a comma to connect a thought to the first independent clause I'll give you an example sentence with on the other hand I might say something like I want to travel to Canada on the other hands notice I used semi colon and a space there on the other hands and a comma we put a comma after our our idiomatic phrase there on the other hand I might travel to the United States so it's two options it's showing this this binary option that is is different it shows opposition something that's another choice like coffee or tea I might travel to Canada on the other hand I might travel to the United States so good question Rosa thank you so to reiterate Rosa asked if we could use that at the beginning of a paragraph and the answer would be no this connects a second independent clause to the first idea the first independent clause and it shows that relationship good question Beatrice you said is it is it good to use semicolons instead of commas it depends on the situation so earlier we use comma for combining two independent clauses into a compound sentence we use a comma before the coordinating conjunction and or but these words here with a semicolon if they are simply two independent clauses we will only use the semicolon and no comma and no coordinated coordinating conjunction hmm sometimes we will use both like the example of a semicolon plus a conjunctive adverb we will first give an independent clause so this Clause here matches up with my example sentence here this is the first independent clause I want to travel to Canada so I want to travel to Canada's right there and then I have a semicolon and the idiomatic phrase on the other hand so semicolon phrase that I do use a comma I use a comma to separate this conjunctive adverb separate it from my independent clause here to introduce that second idea and again this is just to connect those thoughts to put those thoughts together so great question thank you for that and Cesar you said is it is it suitable to use a semicolon to list things yes sometimes we do use semicolons to list things for example in America we have we have 50 states and I have not been to all of them but I would love to travel to many states here in America we're in Washington State here at Spokane College of English language but when we when we want to type several different states let's say I wanted to make a list I have traveled to and now I'm going to list all the states I've traveled to but I want to add cities and when we talk about city and state we do need commas so I want to travel to Spokane Washington now the problem is usually with a list of items we put commas between each individual item but since Spokane Washington is city and state I need a comma to separate those to have good punctuation in my writing I want to list more cities and n countries too so if I wanted to say Vancouver BC I would have to use a semicolon here to separate those ideas Vancouver BC British Columbia in Canada I would also like to travel to let's say San Pedro Belize so you notice oh and I almost forgot there I need the semicolon so this this is a very confusing sentence in a lot of ways because there's a lot of punctuation there and I'm happy to explain in more detail later on but here is an example Caesar where I would use semicolons in a list because I have two separate city and state or city and province or city and country so they can be useful for that it's a great question thank you and it looks like we still have the chat going there you're welcome Beatrice you're welcome I'm happy to answer questions and and keep them coming this is great this is a great classroom across the world so thanks for being here again moving forward here are examples of of using that semicolon and the coordinating adverbs or excuse me conjunctive adverbs Sophie called in sick yesterday however she still got her work done however she called in sick however she still got her work done this shows opposition it's it's a bit surprising and and separate from calling in sick usually if you call in sick to work you don't get your work done here Sophie did she got her work done and we use however to show that connection of information but also to show opposition contrasts so it's two things that are related but our difference another example employee motivation is a complicated job for many managers semicolon here consequently many psychologists study this aspect of business now consequently we've probably heard the word consequence consequences it's a negative outcome so if you do not pay your parking meter the consequence is you might get a ticket if you do not eat the consequences you might get hungry so we use this to show a negative result some sort of negative result so this is the effect part we have consequently as a result and therefore now therefore and as a result are more similar than consequently because as a result or therefore can be used to show both positive and negative outcomes however if I use the word consequently it must be a negative outcome and that's important to remember it must be negative if if something good happened I would not say consequently for example I would never say I played the lottery consequently I won a million dollars it doesn't make sense in English because consequently is used for negative results and it looks like we have another question here from Rosa thank you for your questions thank everybody for their questions you want to know do we use space before and after the adverb conjunctive so the conjunctive adverb we use a space before the conjunctive adverb after the semicolon any time you use a punctuation mark if it's a period an exclamation mark a semicolon a comma you will always put a space after that punctuation mark if it is ending a clause an independent or dependent clause we will always add a space so that's a very good question if we go back to our examples here I want to travel to Canada semicolon space on the other hand I might and then comma again space I might travel to the United States so yes after semicolon we use a space and after the comma we use a space but this comma is right next to the the letter D here there's no no space here they're right next to each other but always after so thank you for that that question Rosa that's that's a great question and it's one that we have to practice quite a lot so as you're looking at your writing look for every punctuation mark and decide if it is correct if there is a space afterwards it's good a good practice so moving forward here we have more of our lesson I'm going to go down to the third type of sentence we're going to try to get through in the next 10 minutes or so the last two types of sentences so we've talked about simple sentences which are the same as independent clauses we've talked about compound sentences and the three different ways that we create compound sentences now we're going to talk about complex sentences so complex is is not simple it's difficult the the qualifier that makes a complex sentence complex is that we use dependent clauses in complex sentences now those two types of clauses an independent clause you can walk up to someone and it has meaning you can walk up to someone and say I play piano and they know what you mean a a dependent clause cannot be on its own its dependent on an independent clause it needs an independent clause for example if I walked up to someone and I said although I am tired and I walked away I did I didn't say anything else I just said although I am tired and I walk away they might think I'm a crazy person because it doesn't give a complete thought it doesn't give enough information we need to connect it to an independent clause something that can stand alone by itself it's like an anchor for that dependent clause let's look at some examples of those Winston enjoys marketing now that that is an independent clause that can stand alone a dependent clause would be something like because he gets to be creative now I could not walk up to you on the street and say because he gets to be creative and and walk away you you would not know what I meant there would be no meaning there so I need to connect those two things and when I do connect an independent clause and a dependent clause it it becomes a complex sentence so the example here we can combine in a couple different ways usually it does not matter which clause comes first much like conditional cent which are also complex sentences and which we also have more lessons about so tune in again to one of our classes here this glass is on Tuesdays and Thursdays at one o'clock we will have more lessons on conditional sentences which I also love to teach so I could say either first I can start with the this right here the blue is the dependent clause the one that cannot be by itself I can say because he loves or excuse me because he gets to be creative Winston enjoys marketing because he gets to be creative Winston enjoys marketing and because is showing this reason but it is an independent clause on the end and a dependent clause in the beginning we can switch those however we can switch them around and we could begin with the independent clause such as Sophie gets her work done and we can add a dependent clause even when she doesn't feel well even when she does not feel well I could also do this with the each example and simply switch them around I could start and let me show you here actually I'll show you the comparison between the two here we have the dependent clause which I will make not bold and the independent clause which I will make bold there because he gets to be creative Winston enjoys marketing and the only reason that this letter here I should note is capitalized is because it is a proper noun it's a name I capitalized my name Joshua Caesar capitalizes his name Rosa capitalizes her name that's what we do with names their proper nouns so this is not because of this comma here if this were a regular noun this letter here the W would be small however I can show you we can switch these around and there is no problem we can take this first dependent clause and start with that we can start with one instan enjoys marketing we use our comma here or excuse me there we go we and we do not need a comma there actually Winston enjoys marketing because he gets to be creative and I put a period at the end of the sentence when we begin with the independent clause in sentences like this we do not need the comma we we just say Winston enjoys marketing because he gets to be creative it is only when we begin with the dependent clause because he gets to be creative right here this is the dependent because he gets to be creative Winston enjoys marketing when I begin with that dependent clause I do need this comma here so it doesn't matter which order they go in the only difference is if I begin with the dependent clause I do use a comma if I begin with the independent clause the comma is not necessary I do not need it let's see here I am going to go keep going through this lesson now there are there are some common subordinating conjunctions that often begin a dependent clause there are many and we use some more than others so we've tried to compile a list here that can help you recognize some of the the more common subordinating conjunctions although now earlier in the chat someone was asking about although and I'm trying to see gender but was that Nita did you ask about although someone asked about although and I said we'd get to it while we're there we're getting to although although it was common and I could teach a whole lesson on the different meanings of these subordinating conjunctions but basically although as after because they hold different meanings and relationships to the dependent clause and the independent clause when I use although let's look at a couple sentences and I'll write them out and I'll explain what the purpose of using although is he never washes his hair although it well let me see he never washes his hair I'm trying to come up with an example off the spot here and I'm having a hard time he never washes his hair although he should how about that we're gonna give a little bit of advice although he should um so maybe this is my friend and he has very dirty hair and I say you know you should really you should really take a shower I think Neil and I use this to add information that is in contrast to the first independent clause so he never washes his hair I could say that by itself I could put a period at the end of that sentence because it is independent but I want to add information that's related to it he never washes his hair although he should it adds extra information and the information is usually in opposition to the first Clause the first independent clause there we can use other words - such as as after because before before and after are two of the most common words we use them to show relationship of time and an easy way to think about this is a routine in the morning you could say I brush my teeth after I wake up I brush my teeth after I wake up I brush my teeth is an independent clause it can be alone I brush my teeth it's a good thing smiling teeth right I cannot say after I wake up by itself so that is the dependent clause that is the one that needs the first clause and it shows order of time after it would not make sense to say I wake up after I brush my teeth because this means I'm sleeping and I'm rushing my teeth in my sleep it it wouldn't make sense so when you use words like these think about the relationship that the word creates and make sure that your clauses are in the correct order because if I switch those it would seem a bit strange see here Caesar you had a question here is it suitable to use a semicolon to list things oh we talked about that we talked about that sorry Tara your question is can the conjunctions go anywhere in the sentence that is a great question the conjunctions have a specific place in the sentence and I think that you're probably talking about these coordinating conjunctions are subordinating conjunctions that we are talking about here usually they can go in any order of the clauses and they introduce the dependent clause we need to put it in that place to introduce the dependent clause now the dependent clause could be first in the sentence for example because he gets to be creative Winston enjoys marketing or it can be at the end of a sentence even when she doesn't feel well the important thing to remember is these sentences and blue that we're looking at here are dependent and the subordinating conjunctions introduce the dependent clause we could not for instance say because Winston enjoys marketing because he gets to be creative I mean that would be using it twice these words can go in other places in the sentence but when we're talking about combining dependent and independent clauses they introduce the dependent clauses let me see here so good good question tear that's a great question that brings us to the end of our lesson here for the the third type of sentence and I think I think we can probably go just a little bit longer and I'll try to go over compound-complex sentences because really it's simply combining ideas two and three that we talked about compound sentences and complex sentences we can use all three together so I could take something like because he gets to be creative Winston enjoys marketing this is a complex sentence and I can take that sentence and I can add further information I can simply put a semicolon and another independent clause such as because he gets to be creative Winston enjoys marketing he is very talented now what I've done there is I have taken a complex sentence right here and I've added a semicolon which connects another independent clause what I'm saying here is there are three clauses that are so related I want to connect all of them I want to connect all of this information together so this is now a compound-complex sentence I'm combining those two ideas to use three clauses together that have important information and this is very common in English we use dependent clauses all the time to add meaning like purpose or contrast or surprise or opposition it's very very common and this is important to study and in practice so I look forward to practicing this more with everyone and if you want more information of course you can always check out many of our other videos on our smart live YouTube channel and I'd like to thank everybody for all the wonderful comments you guys asked very thoughtful questions and I got to to interact with you from all over the world so Cesar Thank You Beatrice Thank You Rosa Terra everyone who asked these great questions thank you very very much for tuning in and as I said we will be here every Tuesday and Thursday for this class I'll be your teacher Joshua and that's at one o'clock so English for academic purposes it's a great class to to study if you're a student or if you someday want to be a teacher they're all the fundamentals you'll need to write amazing academic essays or maybe publish a novel anything that you might want to do in English this is a very valuable class so again thank you for tuning in and we will we will be here again on Thursday same time one o'clock so let me switch this here just so I can get out of the lesson there and and say thank you in the the bigger screen here are our amazing green screen in our studio here in Spokane Washington at Spokane College of English language we have several classes that are going to be airing we have this class English for academic purposes we also have an English for beginner to intermediate 115 that is on Mondays and Wednesdays 7:30 Eastern Standard Time excuse me Pacific Standard Time 7:30 a.m. and then on Tuesday Thursdays today or excuse me no that's backwards today at 7:30 a.m. Pacific Standard Time we have English 115 we have this class at 1 o'clock Pacific Standard Time and we also have another class coming up later today at 4 p.m. and that is English 125 for Health Sciences so if you want to be a doctor or a nurse or work in the medical profession in any way tune in it's a great class and then you can also tune in Mondays and Wednesdays for English 125 which is a fantastic class I taught it for many quarters and there's so much good information there very valuable so be sure to tune in thank you again and we will see you next class thank you so much

Channel: Smrt English

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Keywords: English, English Lesson, Live English, English Class, Articles, University preparation, writing, reading, listening

Id: 1SkEzs7Meu0

Length: 64min 40sec (3880 seconds)

Published: Tue Aug 30 2016