BLACK HOLE (#2) | Doomsday: 10 Ways the World Will End - Full Episode (S1, E2) | History

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narrator: Human civilization is under attack from a catastrophic but unseen threat... That turns life into a living hell and literally rips the Earth apart. All this destruction comes from deep space. A powerful, menacing black hole. - Nobody on Earth is safe or secure. - Is this Armageddon or what? [explosions booming] - It's a dangerous universe. There's a lot of ways the human race can go extinct. narrator: Will you be ready? When doomsday strikes, can any of us survive? ♪ ♪ [yelling] [crashing, glass shattering] ♪ ♪ narrator: There are 100-million black holes in our galaxy, with vicious gravitational forces that devour everything in their path. If one headed straight for Earth, and we got sucked into its deadly vortex, what would happen to our planet? Would mankind survive? - Everyone is wondering, "What can we do? What's the next step? How do we get through this?" [explosion booms] - The destruction never stops. The chaos never stops. [explosion booms] It just keeps going until everything is ripped apart and torn asunder. [explosion booming, screaming] [bell tolls] narrator: In New Mexico's high desert, the radio telescope observatory, known as the Very Large Array, scans the skies above. Scientists are tracking something truly horrifying barreling towards Earth. - The first thing you do when you see a new phenomenon is you use computers to simulate what happens into the future. And as we run the videotape forward, we begin to say to ourselves, "Oh, my God!" - It's a black hole. A supermassive black hole with a billion times the mass of the sun. narrator: Of all the objects in space, this lethal mass possesses the strongest gravitational pull, earning its name. Because nothing, not even light, can escape the grasp of a black hole. Anything-- or anyone-- that crosses its outer edge-- an invisible boundary known as the event horizon-- will never be seen again. narrator: Scientists calculate that in 24 hours, the black hole will reach our planet. But people are already beginning to feel its effects. - As the black hole approaches, we have kind of a global warming on steroids. narrator: The black hole's gravitational force is so powerful that even though it has not yet entered the solar system, it's pushing our planet closer to the heat of the sun. [yelling] - Now it's Christmas in New York and everyone's hanging stockings and putting up Christmas trees, yet it's 110 degrees outside. ♪ ♪ narrator: As the black hole enters the outer solar system, people everywhere notice an ominous sign that it will be arriving soon. - [speaking foreign language] narrator: A strange effect called gravitational lensing. - The black hole acts like a lens that's placed in front of the distant background stars and galaxies. And it distorts them and it warps them. - You can think of it as simply a cosmic lens. It's the universe's spyglass in a way. - It would be extraordinarily unsettling to the see the familiar patterns in the night sky warped and distorted by an object that's filling more and more of the horizon. narrator: This is the first visual sign that the greatest disaster in the history of mankind is upon us. ♪ ♪ As the black hole moves through space, it hurls comets and asteroids in every direction, which serve as warnings to people around the world that doomsday is near. - Some of the asteroids will go flying in toward the sun, many away from the sun. But those flying toward the inner solar system would start colliding, in some cases, with the planets and with the Moon. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ - The impact that occurs to the Moon is devastating. This isn't a quick, bang, done kind of scenario. You're watching it over a half hour. Material is beginning to fan out. It's coming toward the Earth. narrator: As people everywhere look up into the sky, all they see is devastation. - Watching the Moon disintegrate in the night sky is an absolute psychological effect. You have cultures based on the Moon. The Moon's our friend, it causes the tides, prevents things from hitting us. Watching that being destroyed, it's an apocalypse unto itself. ♪ ♪ narrator: Black holes, like the one heading toward Earth form when massive stars die. The remnants from the star implode like an enormous building collapsing onto itself. - A black hole is the result of a gravitational collapse narrator: All the material from the star is crushed down to a small pinpoint. The fact that so much mass is concentrated in one spot is what gives a black hole enormously powerful and destructive gravitational forces. - If you have enough material crammed into a relatively small volume, its own self gravity will grow stronger and eventually the gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. ♪ ♪ narrator: Albert Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes in 1916, when he presented his equations of general relativity. Although the first one wasn't spotted until 1971. Now scientists say millions of them exist throughout the galaxy and some of them move rapidly through space. ♪ ♪ - We used to think that black holes were stationary, but we were shocked-- shocked to find that there are rogue black holes that wander across the galaxy. ♪ ♪ narrator: As the black hole moves closer to Earth, its gravity continues to send asteroids crashing into the planet. ♪ ♪ A meteor streaks through the sky over Barcelona. ♪ ♪ [explosion booms] - You're seeing a flash of light. Then a big, hot, expanding balloon of gas. Then buildings and trees shaking because of the seismic activity. Then debris being thrown all over the place. [screaming] narrator: This two-million pound iron meteorite vaporizes the area around its impact site, [explosion booms] Instantly killing anyone in its path. [explosion booms] The crash is as powerful as the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, in 1945. And like a nuclear blast, a shock wave radiates out in every direction. ♪ ♪ - If you're farther than a couple of miles away from ground zero, it would be silent, is one of the strangest things, because the light takes a much shorter time to travel to you than the sound does. One of the greatest threats to you is actually the shock wave, propelling debris, blowing out windows and shards of glass, which are deadly at those speeds and pressures. So something as simple as duck and cover from the Cold War is actually very relevant. [yelling] ♪ ♪ [explosion booms, screaming] narrator: As the first shock wave passes overhead, people just outside of the meteor impact site are safe, for now. ♪ ♪ But the black hole has only just started to wreak havoc on planet Earth. Can mankind survive? [explosion booms] - This is devastation from space that there's nothing you can do about. narrator: A black hole-- the remnants of a dead star with a gravitational force so strong that nothing can escape its clutches-- is heading straight towards planet Earth. Can you survive? ♪ ♪ As it enters the solar system, the black hole's immense power has already unleashed devastation on mankind, hurling meteors that destroyed the Moon and devastated cities across the globe. [explosion booms] People across the world struggle to cope with these unprecedented disasters, and fear what catastrophe will strike next. - Everyone, rightly so, is wondering "What can we do? What's the next step? How do we get through this?" narrator: The scientists who discovered the black hole realize that nothing can alter its path. - There's no way we're gonna deflect it, move it out of the way. It's not like an asteroid where you could park a spacecraft near it and gravitationally pull on it or explode a bomb next to it and deflect a little bit. It's just too massive. narrator: As the black hole moves closer to our planet... ♪ ♪ People everywhere see something extraordinary The photon sphere. A place where gravity is so strong that light travels in circles around the black hole, filling the sky with streams of red and green light, known as auroras. - What anyone on the surface of Earth would see, looking at the photon sphere would be an incomprehensible, perhaps, display of half imagery, a light show, radiation. I mean, this would be something that's almost impossible to describe. The effect this would have on the Earth is the radiation and the light energy hitting the atmosphere would cause aurora that would light up all over, which is essentially turning the atmosphere into a sort of florescent bulb. ♪ ♪ narrator: These unearthly images flash across people's eyes just for a moment as the Earth passes through the photon sphere. And then they're gone. ♪ ♪ With people enduring unprecedented disasters everywhere, some of America's military and political elite gather in Cold War-era nuclear bomb-proof bunkers... [alarm blaring] Like Colorado's Cheyenne Mountain, which is buried under 2,000 feet of granite. - For reasons that are obvious in the context of the Cold War, the U.S. military set up their strategic defense in Cheyenne Mountain. And with good reason. The Earth naturally cooked these very tough rocks that would naturally withstand the direct impact of a nuclear weapon or several. And it would make a robust outpost for humanity to try and set up a last stand on Earth. narrator: Traveling at more than a million miles an hour, the event horizon-- the invisible boundary of the black hole-- closes in on our planet. And once the threshold is crossed, there's no escape. - Crossing an event horizon, is similar to going over Niagara Falls. Imagine that you're in a boat and you know that the falls are coming, because the water gets faster and faster. And before you hit the edge, there's still a possibility of you paddling hard enough to get to the side. However, once you go over the edge of the falls, there's no going back. You can't paddle hard enough to get you back up the falls and to safety. Niagara Falls is very similar to the event horizon of a black hole. Once you cross the event horizon, there's no possible way to escape. - If you get so close to a black hole that you're in the grip of the gravitational field, then no matter what you do, you're doomed to fall into the black hole. ♪ ♪ narrator: As the black hole's gravitational forces strengthen their grip on the Earth... [explosion booms] Does humanity have any chance of survival? ♪ ♪ narrator: In 1916, Albert Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes-- objects from space that suck in and destroy everything in their path. If we came in contact with a black hole today, [alarm blaring] is there any way to survive? ♪ ♪ For the last 24 hours, people around the world have been watching in horror as a supermassive black hole speeds toward Earth. It has already unleashed apocalyptic light shows, scorching temperatures, and massive asteroids that have turned the Moon to dust. ♪ ♪ Now, our planet is about to pass through its event horizon-- the outer boundary of the black hole, where gravity becomes so powerful that nothing can escape. - We reach the event horizon, which is the very literal point of no return. ♪ ♪ - Nobody on Earth is safe or secure once the event horizon of a supermassive black hole has been breached. But for a while, life would go on on the surface of the Earth. narrator: As the Earth finally passes through the event horizon, it's majestic. ♪ ♪ Instead of a big bang, there is light. ♪ ♪ - Once you've crossed the event horizon of the black hole, it's now possible for you to see the light that's inside that can't escape from the event horizon. - You'll notice strange light effects like the light from stars coming in from some weird angle and flashing into your eyes and other weird effects like this. narrator: This cosmic light show may be amazing, but it's also confirmation that our planet has entered the black hole and now we're being pulled closer to the doomsday point at its center, known as the singularity. - The singularity is the point where all of the mass of the star collapsed into. - As the Earth approaches the singularity, the black hole's gravity is stronger on one side of the Earth than the other. And so because of that difference in strength of gravity, there is a stretching and a squeezing effect that gets applied to the Earth. narrator: The black hole's gravitational forces are so strong they literally start pulling our planet apart. [rumbling] [car alarm blaring] - Earthquakes are happening on orientations that don't appear to make any sense. They're not near coastal boundaries or subduction zones, places where you'd expect plates to collide and start to cause earthquakes, or stretch and cause earthquakes. [intense music] ♪ ♪ - Unlike normal earthquakes, which build up and then dissipate, these earthquakes are getting stronger and stronger and stronger. [glass shattering] - You feel that? narrator: These enormously powerful earthquakes strike everywhere. From Los Angeles to New York and Miami, as well as Australia, Africa, and across Asia. - As the earthquakes are reaching magnitudes seven, eight, nine-- when they start to impinge upon the size of historical massive earthquakes, then infrastructure like dams start to fail. [explosion booming] And so you would see dams not just in seismically active areas, but dams across the world fail and the water behind them would start to rush down through the river valleys. ♪ ♪ - The chaos never stops. It just keeps going until everything is ripped apart and torn asunder. [rumbling] ♪ ♪ It's absolutely terrifying to think that a population that's never dealt with this before all of a sudden is being reduced to rubble. narrator: For countless millions, there is nowhere to run or hide. As the death toll mounts, the destruction only gets worse, as ocean levels rise across the planet. ♪ ♪ - [speaking foreign language] ♪ ♪ - You're seeing a mound of water on the horizon and as it approaches, the entire level of the water is rising. And this has the effect of carrying water to areas that have never seen water before in that way. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [water crashing] ♪ ♪ - It's gathering speed and pressure because you are forcing all of the water into a smaller and smaller channel. It's like putting a nozzle on a hose. As that wave comes in, it's gathering speed, gathering pressure, and it's beginning to destroy everything that's in its way. [water rushing] - For the three billion people that live on the coast of whatever country they're in, it's absolute chaos. The water is washing into their homes and taking everything away. You've got massive waves. The ocean will never be the same again. To me and to many others, that is the moment where I snap. I am going to die, the Earth is going to be destroyed. It's scarier than hell. narrator: While the few survivors along the world's coastlines have watched their homes, their neighbors, and even their families washed away... Other parts of the planet are left without water. - In some coastal regions, you'd see water flowing away and leaving dry land where there used to be an ocean. What's going on is that as with the tides on Earth raised by the Moon, some areas have more water. That's where you have high tide. And other areas have less water. That's where you have low tide. But with a black hole pulling on the water, the effects would become extreme. And some places would have really deep water and other places would have a huge deficit of water. In fact, they might be completely dry. - The fact that the black hole is able to have such dramatic effects really illustrates just how insignificant the Earth is to these processes. It's like the Earth is a grain of sand on a beach, being flung by a hurricane that marches over the top of it. narrator: As the Earth is pulled closer to the singularity-- the black hole's lethal center-- will it wipe out civilization as we know it? ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ narrator: It's been 17 minutes since a black hole a billion times more massive than our sun gobbled up the Earth. [crashing] And now the black hole's powerful gravity is stirring up geological forces that are ripping the planet apart. Can any of us survive? - Ultimately, the people wiped out first by the effects of the Earth being drawn closer to the black hole are the nearly three billion people who live in coastal areas. narrator: Enormous tsunamis have destroyed Cairo, Miami, and other cities that lie along rivers and oceans... ♪ ♪ While massive earthquakes... [car alarm blaring] Have quickly spread across the globe. [rumbling, screaming] ♪ ♪ This unprecedented geological activity has opened up gashes on the Earth's surface, that allow gas, molten lava, and rock, deep inside the Earth to blast through the surface. In Chicago, citizens experience a kimberlite pipe eruption-- [explosions booming] Something that hasn't happened on Earth in 30 million years. - Kimberlite pipe eruptions emerge from the deep mantle of the Earth and as they push their way up, through the solid rock of the crust... [explosion booms] They breach the surface faster than a supersonic jet, leading to an explosion... [explosion booms] Seen from a few miles away that would look quite a bit like a nuclear explosion. - It's like uncorking a champagne bottle. The trapped gases within, they're trying to escape and they can't, and it causes an explosion. [explosions boom] - Immediately, all of this burning hot interior of the Earth is blowing out through a hole. Everything around it is flattened. ♪ ♪ narrator: As the Earth comes within a few minutes of the black hole's center-- the singularity-- gravity begins sucking the air off our planet. It becomes harder and harder to breathe. People everywhere start suffocating. ♪ ♪ - The black hole's gravitational pull on the air is starting to dominate over Earth's gravitational pull. So you've got these hurricane and gale force winds and the air's just being sucked toward the black hole. - Anything outdoors is absolutely unsurvivable as these winds kick in. It's a sandstorm and a hurricane all warped together, with a force that's far larger than has been experienced. ♪ ♪ narrator: Only those who have access to oxygen, like the scientists at the Telescope Array in New Mexico, can survive much longer. ♪ ♪ Or those in pressurized environments deep underground, like Colorado's Cheyenne Mountain, where some of America's political and military leaders have gathered. ♪ ♪ - Hardened government facilities, like Cheyenne Mountain, are pressurized. They have their own power. If you go there, it will be fine for a short amount of time. But the Earth itself is being ripped apart. narrator: As the world's population is reduced to a few hundred thousand people, can the last vestiges of humanity hold out against the immense destructive powers of the black hole? ♪ ♪ narrator: Space scientists first detected a black hole in 1971. Now, the Earth has been swallowed by one. Is there anyone, anywhere, who can survive? ♪ ♪ As gravitational forces pull our planet closer to the singularity-- the black hole's lethal core-- the devastation has been massive. ♪ ♪ Earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricane force winds, and volcanic eruptions, the likes of which mankind has never experienced. [explosion booms] - The black hole's gravity is pulling on different parts of the Earth by different amounts and that's causing a stretching of the different parts of Earth's crust. Earth's shape is actually being altered by the gravity of the black hole. narrator: But very few of the world's 7 billion people are left to see the devastation. ♪ ♪ Without oxygen, animals, plants, and most humans are dead. ♪ ♪ - The atmosphere gets peeled away. Anything on the surface of the planet, or in the air, dies, unless it can adapt or get somehow underground into a pressurized vessel. The stuff that requires less oxygen will live a little bit longer. But ultimately, anything that requires the atmosphere to breathe, will die. narrator: Without oxygen, animals, plants, and most humans are dead. With the Earth close to the singularity, buildings, bridges, and then the Earth's surface itself violently buckles. The black hole's gravity is now so strong that it can bend, twist, or tear our planet like a sheet of paper. ♪ ♪ - The gravitational pressure is so great that the continents themselves begin to crumble. The crust and the mantle of the Earth are cracking under the pressure. - Relatively quickly, the previously familiar shapes of the continents and oceans start changing until they're unrecognizable. ♪ ♪ - At this point, the Earth is being stretched to such a degree, it's physically distended. And it finally just gives way. And there's such an amount of heat built up, that when the crust starts to break up, you'd have magma all over the place. ♪ ♪ - When it's being ripped apart, those kind of geologic events-- volcanoes, earthquakes-- everything is going to be going off at once. The absolute, utter, concise destruction of the planet on a cosmological scale. - The continental rock will be floating in an expanding, taffy-like sea of lava. The entire scene will be extremely bright, the entire scene will be extremely violent, and the entire scene will be almost completely unsurvivable unless you're in a very well insulated and protected spot. - The crust of the Earth is very heated, and you might end up with rafts, essentially, of crustal material that survive for a while as the surface of the planet becomes molten. ♪ ♪ But eventually it would all start to get mixed together. And you are definitely in unsurvivable territory if you are unlucky enough to be on the surface of the Earth. ♪ ♪ - The entire Earth is bathed in a heat. And it's really something that is almost hard to imagine. narrator: The Earth as we know it is being ripped apart and civilization has been decimated. Is there any hope for the future of mankind? [explosion booms] narrator: 30 brutal, devastating minutes after our planet was sucked into a black hole, it's nearing the doomsday point at its lethal center-- the singularity. And extraordinarily powerful gravitational forces start ripping the Earth to pieces. - The planet turns into a hellscape. Every minute piece of crust and mantle begins to break apart. ♪ ♪ narrator: Some of the last remaining people on Earth are America's political and military leaders, locked inside the reinforced Cold War bunker under Colorado's Cheyenne Mountain. [rumbling] [rumbling intensifies] But they stand little chance against the black hole. - If Cheyenne Mountain manages to break free of the fiery stream of debris that the Earth has become, then as you fall towards the singularity, you'll experience a period of weightlessness. There would be a period where you're now free from the Earth. The Earth has been destroyed, and so you're in, literally, a freely falling stream of debris that's heading toward the singularity. narrator: Scientists call this deadly gravitational stream spaghettification. - Objects become stretched. So a round object becomes a long piece of spaghetti-like substance, hence the term spaghettification. ♪ ♪ narrator: The last humans are now gone-- spaghettified. But this is not the end of the black hole's assault. - As the material that had been the Earth is drawn ever closer to the core of this black hole, what happens is the strength of gravity goes up so quickly that you can start to rip apart not just a planet into rubble, but you rip apart the rubble into dust, and then you rip apart the dust into molecules, the molecules into atoms, and then it's possible you even rip the atoms apart into subnuclear particles. After the supermassive black hole has passed through our portion of the Milky Way, where there once was our solar system is only a cleared lane, where not even interstellar dust remains. ♪ ♪ narrator: Planet Earth has been reduced to nothing. But there is a chance that something of humanity has survived. - It's conceivable that one or more of the spacecraft that humans have sent beyond the distant planets wouldn't get gobbled up by the black hole, would miraculously be on a trajectory that allows it to escape the black hole. ♪ ♪ - These space probes contain microscopic hitchhikers. We know that microbes can be extraordinarily hardy even in the harsh conditions of space. - And maybe, just maybe, if this landed on a planet around a distant star and the conditions were right, that life would come out of hibernation and that could actually seed life on another world, And in that way, maybe a piece of Earth could survive. ♪ ♪ narrator: There's also another theory, one that bodes much better for the survival of mankind. Albert Einstein-- one of the most influential scientists in history-- suggested an astounding possibility. His equations indicated that Earth could slip through a black hole unscathed, into a parallel universe. - If you take a look at Einstein's equations, you realize that if a black hole is spinning, spinning rapidly, and that's what we see in outer space. All black holes are spinning very rapidly. We see that the singularity's actually a ring, not a dot at all. narrator: Einstein's equations predict the Earth might be able to enter the ring. - If you fall through the ring, you actually don't die. You're not spaghettified. You can actually go right through the ring. Then the question is, "Well, where does this lead to?" The mathematics says there's a parallel universe on the other side of a black hole. - This is actually based on real science research conducted in the mid to late 20th century. And the idea is, a singularity warps space so dramatically that it may actually connect to otherwise totally unconnected portions of the universe. narrator: It's a question that scientists around the world have debated for decades. Will an encounter with a black hole lead to a new beginning for Earth in a parallel universe... Or will it trigger the end of the world? ♪ ♪ It's a question that science cannot yet answer. - The final encounter with the singularity, we don't know how that unfolds. Singularity by definition, right now, is a location where the laws of physics as we currently understand them break down. ♪ ♪ - In all likelihood, however, the environment is so destructive and so powerful that the Earth would be completely obliterated. ♪ ♪ - More likely, for us, the black hole is the end of space, the end of time, the end of everything.

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Channel: HISTORY

Views: 770,919

Rating: 4.7068009 out of 5

Keywords: Doomsday: 10 Ways the World Will End, Black Hole, THC, History channel, Doomsday, 10 Ways the World Will End, apocalyptic disasters, extinguish the human race, massive asteroid impacts, volcanic hyper-eruptions, energy blasts from outer space, Doomsday season 1 episode 2, Doomsday s1 e2, watch doomsday full episodes, watch history full episodes, doomsday new season, watch doomsday, doomsday full episodes, global warming

Id: yZw5kz_V4ms

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Length: 42min 19sec (2539 seconds)

Published: Wed Jan 08 2020