Battle Of The Atlantic | Secrets Of War (WWII Documentary) | Timeline

on the first of September 1939 Germany invaded Poland two days later England declared war almost immediately the legendary Battle of the Atlantic was joined this was a conflict neither side was prepared for there were only 27 ocean-going u-boats in the German fleet and the Allies had barely enough anti-submarine warships to counter even this small threat [Music] both sides braced themselves for the onslaught after France fell to Hitler's blitzkrieg in 1940 the balance of power at sea as well as on land shifted strongly to Germany's advantage Britain was dependent on the supply of men equipment and food from North America to continue her war effort German bombing raids had battered England's weapons production Britain could not stand alone supplies had to cross the Atlantic and that could be achieved by shipping alone convoys which had been started on a limited basis at the outbreak of war were rapidly expanded and additional escort ships were scraped together in desperation Grand Admiral Karl dönitz of the kriegsmarine the German Navy had one mission to eliminate these convoy supply routes and throttle the British enemy all available German u-boats were ordered to attack the convoys on their way to England [Music] ultimately though the Battle of the Atlantic was a secret war for information in a vast ocean coded communications made the difference between finding the enemy or being found the Battle of the Atlantic was the most important battle of World War two the most fundamental battle Germany needed to win the Battle of the Atlantic because it was the only way that it was going to be able to destroy Great Britain following Germany's defeat in World War one the Allied nations were eager to ensure that carnage if such bloody magnitude would never happen again the war to end all wars would be the last [Music] to ensure peace the allies subjected Germany to the strict Treaty of Versailles this agreements severely limited weapons production the Germans attempted to circumvent these restrictions by establishing shell companies in Holland and by developing treaties for the Soviet Union the Treaty of Versailles it was prohibited for Germany to build aircraft and submarines because the Germans have to create experience in submarine building in this a First World War and they constructed some submarines for Finland for Sweden for the Netherlands for Turkey and also for the Soviet Union [Music] these agreements allow Germany to develop technology for battleships and u-boats as well as to adopt various strategies instrumental in the blitzkrieg and radio war when Hitler came to power in 1933 he made it fairly clear that he was going to rearm Germany come what may this is a total violation of the Treaty of Versailles the Allies laid down they didn't say anything about it and Germany continued to rely the Allied nations were exhausted and in disarray they'd lost an entire generation to one war surely such devastation could not be repeated after World War one Britain reduced funding for its Navy a choice was made to manufacture fewer larger ships it was a smaller Navy that entered World War two the unfortunate reality was that at the outbreak of war Britain had owned no more than 200 destroyers available and destroyer has many other roles in the Navy quite aside from convoy escort so there had to be compromises so Brittany adopted smaller ships that were much simpler and could be built more quickly a Churchill at one point referred to the Corvette's which were the most numerous for the early part of the war as cheap and nasties with the fall of France to the Germans the British Navy's major ally the French fleet became the enemy in an effort to help England the u.s. provided 50 destroyers in exchange Britain provided the US with sites on which to station their military bases in Bermuda Newfoundland and the British West Indies [Music] the American destroyers joined the ranks of the convoys that crossed the Atlantic from various North American ports to Liverpool and Glasgow and Great Britain the convoy system was critical for transporting much-needed men and supplies across the North Atlantic the principal of the convoy was to sail the merchant ships in a large group of 40 or more and to provide a surrounding escort in the form of warships and aircraft 40 or 50 ships sailing together are not visible at sea from much farther away than a single ship the Germans would have maybe one chance to attack so instead of sending out 40 50 or 60 ships independently where the Germans would be able to shoot at them like ducks in a barrel instead all of the ships would sail together under protection watching the convoys head out to sea was one of the most magnificent sights in all of World War two the ships would file out of the harbor and form a line 20 miles long they were organized into as many as six short columns roughly three-quarters of a mile apart generally six escort ships would be assigned to the convoy two would be stationed ahead of it one on either flank and two sweeping around the stern from shore there would be ships as far as the eye could see since the perimeter of a convoy could stretch to more than a hundred miles when convoys left Nova Scotia's see planes of the Royal Canadian Air Force circled until they reached their maximum range of 400 miles from land then when the ships approached England British sea planes and land-based bombers would meet the convoy and patrol above it if aircraft were present the convoys were safe world war ii submarines are very slow underwater and if they are running on the surface in sight in aircraft they immediately have to dive so it wouldn't be cited by the aircraft the convoy would move off into safety at the start of the war it was almost pitiful the shortage of escorts convoys used to go out with half a dozen escort not nearly enough to protect the convoy also we went out without equipment I mean my first convoy trip which was a very short one I'm glad to say and not very far it was along the coast but we had a wooden gun which could appear to be a real gun through a periscope but it was just there to say we're in business the escort ships acted as highly effective well-armed protective shields to the convoy they never sailed a straight course instead the escort ships swept back and forth in their sectors searching for the enemy by sonar and radar but radar had difficulty picking up the very low profile of submarines on the surface and sonars maximum range was only about 2,000 meters these were not perfect solutions due to the fall of France and increased you bold activity in the North Atlantic Britain tried to perfect and expand the system of shore based high-frequency direction-finding stations codenamed tough tough stations were soon developed in Iceland Canada Bermuda and the Caribbean within time the allies found that when a German warship signaled it could be detected from three or four different directions revealing a relatively accurate location [Music] escort by air was not ideal bombers and escort aircraft on both sides of the Atlantic could only fly 400 miles offshore before they had to turn back this limited range created an area in the center of the ocean known as the black hole it was here that the major battles between convoys and u-boats took place beyond the prying eyes of Allied aircraft [Music] a key component of Derna sees u-boat strategy were the deadly clusters of submarines known to the Allies as wolf packs at night during its would deploy as many u-boats as possible on the surface allowing Swift and almost invisible movement if one of them identified a convoy it became what was known as a shadowy hanging back to send signals about the location to Dern as his headquarters way it was done was doughnuts would begin and nightly in the fall of 1942 put his u-boats on patrol in patrol lines so the u-boats would be at visibility distance from each other say 30 miles apart a typical communication sent to headquarters as an encoded message might read we have contacted a convoy at grid number C 12 section 4 der nets had devised a scheme of grids which would inform the u-boats of a convoys location the speed and range of communication gear was vital in the Atlantic the technology was perfected during the interwar years when Germany committed to a radio based infrastructure from this all military commands flowed since radio dispatches traveled through the air they were vulnerable to interception secret codes had to define decryption doughnuts used radio more than practically any other naval commander in order to personally lead the u-boat campaign to concentrate in a single spot all of the available information a very sound principle of war and to make sure that each of the individual u-boats had a fairly full picture and knew exactly what it was to do based on that full picture Germany's total dependence on radio communications proved to be a deciding factor in the Battle of the Atlantic der Nets realized that the only way in which the u-boats could work effectively was in concerted action he personally commanded all u-boat radio communications from his headquarters located in the tiny village of bear now reports from the submarines would contain information on their location the convoys location and the convoys speed and direction this information would never be sent back to der Nets unencrypted nor could he direct the submarines without taking security precautions otherwise the Allies would intercept communications and react with lethal countermeasures secret communications required an elaborate encoding procedure and the Germans were perfecting an encryption technology to perform it as the Battle of the Atlantic continued through the summer of 1940 it was clear that the Allies were in trouble Britain was unprepared for the Cold War although they knew the importance of reading the German ciphers the British had no idea that their own codes were being read code breaking is a terrifically useful form of intelligence because it enables you to get the actual very words of the enemy it's kind of like sticking your head into the enemy football huddle LED transmissions were regularly decoded by the Germans who often discovered the convoys location almost at the same time that allied headquarters did the main problem for the British was that they were still relying on a kind of World War 1 era system of communication security basically on code books which they distributed widely through the fleet and through their own Merchant Marine and to their allies the Germans could read these code books could reconstruct them and so had a good sense of the general disposition of the convoys and their routes and the composition of the ships and which were the major targets and so on the German code breaking unit to be dienst had been decrypting British naval codes throughout the early stages of the war to conceal and encrypt their own messages the German armed forces purchased an electric coding system known as the Enigma machine [Music] developed in Holland in the early 1920s enigma was able to encrypt messages so thoroughly that the Germans were convinced it was infallible codes were entered into the Enigma machine using mid typewriter like keys pressing any key would produce a different letter in code for example the letter B would appear as an H one time and X the next time and so forth the heart of the machine was the wired code wheel it was capable of turning 26 times which is why a different letter would appear each time a B was pressed but the Enigma had three wheels working together allowing 26 to the third power or more than 17,000 different combinations for each letter [Music] in order to decide for the message it was essential to have the starting position or setting for each wheel despite the challenge the poles working with the French had some success breaking the original enigma [Music] however during its intended to make his creeks marine enigma even more difficult to decipher he remembered an incident from World War one when a German light cruiser the Magdeburg ran aground in the Baltic Sea the Russians near whose territory this was captured this ship and found in it the German Navy's secret codebook the Russians delivered the code books to the First Lord of the Admiralty at the time Winston Churchill the British deciphered the books and read German naval messages throughout the war this intelligence crew was instrumental to the Allied victory in World War one Churchill echoed these sentiments in his book the world crisis after the Great War when the Germans read this in Churchill's memoirs they realized that if they were ever going to be another war they had to have a system of secret communications which would prevent anybody from using any captured documents upon reading Churchill's history during its war that his enigma settings would never be compromised so far he had kept his promise essential to the u-boat strategy was the use of enigma to keep the messages secret therefore it was almost central to all of Germany's naval strategy in whatever war might come Bletchley Park was the center of Britain's code-breaking activity here people such as Alan Turing inventor of the world's first computer plied their highly technical and demanding trade the Crypt analysts had succeeded in breaking the Luftwaffe in ver marked enigma codes due to better security that Craigs marine enigma was still a frustrating mystery to them the Navy's use of it was more complicated than the air force's use of it they're signalling discipline was superb they had special extra features which are boffin led by cheering could not could not get into though we had this sophisticated machine which was reading the air force we could not get into the Navy so early on in the war and one of the reasons the doughnuts had great success in 1940 and early 1941 the so-called first happy time of the u-boat commanders was that they had a great advantage in the intelligence war and that they were able to read a significant proportion of the convoy signals in time to get you boats into position to take advantage of duritz and his u-boats reigned supreme for the first 18 months of the war the under sized u-boat fleet was able to wreak havoc with the convoys crossing the North Atlantic routes monthly allied convoy losses ranged from about a hundred and sixty thousand tons in September of 1939 to about 350,000 tons a year later [Music] the British needed a minimum of 17 million tonnes of equipment and supplies a year to survive for about 1.5 million tonnes or months [Music] these losses placed England's survival in severe jeopardy the Germans could easily detect the convoys while the Allies seemed to be completely in the dark when it came to locating the u-boats [Music] durn it's back in Germany or as or as it was later on in France would then order the u-boats all to concentrate on that particular place and send them around so that there would be so many u-boats the escorts for the convoy wouldn't be able to attack them all Donuts his headquarters would alert every submarine in the vicinity of a convoy and order them to converge silently tenderness would wait until sundown as darkness fell he would issue the command to attack as many as ten submarines would converge on a convoy [Music] actually getting in between the rows of the merchant shipping blasting away and creating total chaos absolutely nightmare conditions because ships would be going down all over the place there'd be dramatic explosions these battles continued as the ships moved ahead but the slowest convoys could make only six or eight knots you get near collisions there are men screaming for help in oil who are going to die within a few minutes the convoys proved to be easy prey for the wolf pack's [Music] once Germany occupied France had lost no time neutralizing the French fleet and sent its u-boats to bases on the Atlantic coast and the Bay of Biscay [Music] very close that two German submarines had to go only one or one and a half day to the operational area to attack very weakly defended convoys at the time and to use all their torpedoes and go back to the base to reload the torpedoes and go out again this move allowed durning's to keep more submarines at sea longer which further empowered the kriegsmarine Churchill's policy after the fall of France was to bring the United States into the war by any means necessary and one of his tools in bringing the United States in it was to encourage naval collaboration so right from the fall of France the American and the British navies are talking secretly in February of 1940 during a commando raid on the German trawler Krebs the crew of the British destroyer Somali managed to retrieve the Kriegsmarine enigma settings for that month once the information arrived at Bletchley Park and was placed in Touring's hands it led to a tremendous number of solutions [Music] needless to say touring wanted more settings Harry Hensley started to devise a method to retrieve them Germans kept two little trawlers on station in the Arctic one off Greenland one off Northern Iceland for weather reporting they had LeAnn England Believe It or Not Hinsley knew that if they were at sea for seven weeks the trawlers would have to have more than one month setting sheets onboard the current setting sheet would be on the operators desk next to his desk was a bucket of water if the trawler was boarded the operator would simply drop the sheet in the bucket and the vital codes would wash away but the next month's settings were kept in the safe [Music] the British planned to raid a trawler seize the papers and get out what they called a cutting operation on the 7th of May 1941 they targeted the weather trawler Munchen between Iceland and Norway [Music] I was the center of the spider's web I had a man from the Admiralty come to my section to my room you'll see and we rehearsed what I guess he would find when he got there I was the [ __ ] telling them what to look for and where to go for it of John of course the name he did the beautiful job the raid was a glorious success later they repeated the operation on another weather ship the Loewenberg and these poor little ships just little trawlers cruising along and then suddenly over the horizon would come a British Cruiser supported by two super destroyers swooping in and they moved fast they were coming in 40 kilometers an hour again in order to capture the ship before the crew could destroy their coating books two days after the raid on the luncheon a convoy battle took place on the other side of Iceland the u 110 was forced to the surface during the fight Joe Baker Cresswell was the commander of the closest allied ship and he set course immediately to ram this u-boat and sink it and send it to the bottom as he headed toward the hapless u 110 a thought flashed into Baker Cresswell's mind the story of the saved code books of the Magda burger so he called out full stop the ship came to a full stop and he sent over then rapidly a boarding party the u-boat survivors were quickly rescued and taken below then sub lieutenant David Baum climbed down a lower cunning tower once he was inside the you 110 he discovered that all was silent some kind of a hissing sound and the noise of the motors may be ticking over we managed to get not just the Enigma machine but had some of the keying documents [Music] the you 110 papers were quickly sent to Bletchley Park these were the final pieces of the naval enigma puzzle with the captured papers from the münchen the Laurinburg and the you 110 Bletchley Park was finally able to crack the Craig's Marines and nipper machine [Music] this was the moment the allies had been waiting for now they could locate the u-boat packs and more importantly know where they were going and how to avoid them convoys could be rerouted and made invisible to the German fleet the Allies were back in the Battle of the Atlantic with this information the British were able to route convoys clear of the concentrations of German submarines Lewis theatre was a convoy and when we got there the convoy wasn't there in other words somebody apparently and expected us to appear we were attacked in the middle of the night by airplanes which in our opinion couldn't see us a lot but they knew we were there and so somehow we had the feeling that the enemy had some means of locating of work we were der nurses Victory's dropped from three hundred and twenty five thousand tons of cargo in May 1941 to 90,000 tons by July despite this enormous decrease the Craig's Marines faith in the Enigma machine did not waver they could not imagine that the code has been broken der Nets convened committees to review all possible ways in which the British were discovering the locations of his submarines blame was usually attributed to French spies or British spies in French ports where the u-boats were based we were at that time totally convinced that nothing could break that code even if somebody would receive it and try to decode it only after the wolf questions we find out that were very wrong this kind of attitude the irony is by the end of the war virtually every enigma code was being read as fast as the Germans themselves the recipients were reading it the Allies saved hundreds of thousands of tons of merchant marine ships carrying men and materiel to Great Britain [Music] Durnin says dependency on radio transmissions which had led to so many successes in the early months of the war was proving to be his downfall then in December 1941 the high seas battle took a new turn on the 7th of December 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States declared war on Japan that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday December 7th 1941 a state of war has existed Hitler promptly declared war on America Churchill's prayers of bringing America's wealth resources and technological expertise into the war were answered then when the United States comes into the war in December of 41 the curve just takes off and as the u.s. industrial machine mass produces ships using mass production techniques for the first time on a grand scale you can see the Germany's days in any material sense are numbered [Music] having found no convoys all the way through the second half of 1941 and having declared war on America then it says the best thing to do is to send all the both the American free board for two years American ships had been traveling on escorted along the Atlantic coast now that the United States was in the war merchant ships on the East Coast were fair game for the u-boats on the prowl [Music] so he had them all strung out from the Sun Lauren was down to the Caribbean where there was no convoy system where all the lights were still on and the boats just sitting off New York Harbor Ordo seclorum entrance or among the island in the Caribbean and shooting the ships as they came along in full full electric lights you see Dennis's u-boat sank a hundred and thirty seven ships or about eight hundred and twenty eight thousand tons of supplies a catastrophic number then another major setback for the Allies occurred turn it up the difficulty of solution by adding later on another wheel so instead of three wheels there were four wheels in the Enigma and made a number of other technical complications to this the fourth rotor added a tremendous number of new possibilities and made decryption of the kriegsmarine signals almost impossible [Music] but where this was somewhat positive for the Allies is that their convoys doing the absolutely critical transport across the North Atlantic were not coming under attack so that the the German intelligence advantage was not as critical as it might have been during the first half of 1942 America's entry into the war was timely for Bletchley Park to solve the fourth wilter Alan Turing required enormous decryption machines called bombs which were far beyond the resources of the British Bletchley Park welcomed the Americans into the process by sharing more intelligence information in turn the US government began to build Touring's massive calculating machines to tackle the four rotor combination without current Enigma code settings it became clear that the Allies required a more robust anti-submarine strategy the Air Force was marshaled to the defense one of the most important aspects of this development has been the construction of air bases on the periphery of North America and way out on the North Atlantic islands in Iceland and even in Greenland and the Allies used these bases in order to operate bombing aircraft to provide aerial protection over convoys darkness was back in the high seas of the North Atlantic the convoys had been blinded and the Allies were suffering heavy losses then Bletchley Park got a break we've got back into the new boat in nigma in december 42 we discovered that when they were using transmitting the short signal rather to report the weather or a report operational material they only used the three wheels of the new machine because they were three-letter signals and we could break this revealed but we captured a u-boat in the Mediterranean near the Red Sea near the Suez Canal you 559 had been trapped in the southeast Mediterranean by the petard a British Navy destroyer it's commander mark Thornton was an energetic officer who craved the excitement of often missing in enabled patrol this time he found it the you 559 starved of oxygen rose to the surface you boat's crew immediately abandoned ship and Thornton sent a small boarding party from the petard the crucial documents were retrieved by Anthony fasten popular officer aboard the petard and : glazier a young seaman [Music] a third sailor took the documents back to the batard then fastened and glazier went back down to look for more secret papers but earlier gunfire from the petard had left holes in the you 559 water was pouring in and you five five nine began to sink the people outside shouted down to these two men who were down there you'd better come up you'd better come up but these men started to climb up the ladder but suddenly the yule 559 went down very fast too much water was coming in the conning tower and these men went down with the ship thanks to their valiant sacrifice British codebreakers were able to decipher enigma messages once again and thousands of allied lives were saved fasten and glazier were posthumously awarded the George Cross the Allied Mariners often faced a fierce North Atlantic which could be as dangerous as the German u-boats lurking beneath the surface [Music] winter gales were simply unending one came in right after the other and water came over green over the bridge and if you weren't dressed property it was misery [Music] it was very hard living particularly down on the mess decks which were small compared to be small space considering the number of men that were in it and the place just leaked of vomit and sweat and there's lack of air it couldn't have anything open of course and I'm not nearly enough air came through the louvers it was extremely difficult condition when we compared our life with that of others like the ones in the trenches and then we could say we have it so much better than anybody else we had three meals a day we were dry we had one box free eight from from cavers would lend on it and we were not nearly suffering as much as everybody else especially our opponents up on the surface the Corvette's and the frigates of the yeah of the Allies we sometimes really felt very sorry for them to have to fight against the Atlantic itself these feelings of empathy for the Allies didn't last long as the Germans continued to decrypt their codes in hammer the convoys by autumn 1942 American single ships were travelling in convoy the Allies developed a top-secret interlocking coastal convoy system linking South America to the American East Coast and to the Canadian ports of Halifax and Sydney as the war progressed the Battle of the Atlantic became a higher priority more Allied ships and resources were deployed the talent of the Royal Navy was put on the offensive in the form of the support groups designed to counter Durnan seas wolf packs the support groups were an elite fleet of well-equipped brilliantly skippered ships that scoured the mid-atlantic these were groups of the most powerful anti-submarine ships and then be four or five very good destroyers or strong sloops and also an escort aircraft carrier these support groups operated at mid-ocean and then when word got out that a convoy was in trouble the support group would dash to assist that convoy [Music] normally the escort group of the convoy tried to push submarines away or at least keep them underwater as they sailed on with their cargo the support groups had no convoy to protect however they hunted and killed you boys [Music] whenever a submarine tried to approach a convoy the support group attacked using a variety of sophisticated equipment head throwing mortars state-of-the-art sonar radar and onboard high-frequency direction-finding systems were all employed the support groups played a crucial role in turning the Battle of the Atlantic to the Allies favor in May 1943 you could usually detect the u-boat at about 3,000 yards and then the echoes which went out and made a ping when they hit the target whatever it was and came back that measured that measure the distance off of the of the u-boat and as you approached it was under the water and of course not moving very much as it got closer and closer and closer you knew at the time was coming when you were your depth charge crews would be instructed the fire we then are subjected to these series of explosions of depth charges around us and hope for the best that after the next one we're still alive it says this this is really quite I would say a terrifying experience to sit there not being able to do anything but to wait what is the effect of the next depth charge if it comes close enough then the effect is more or less that of a giant sledgehammer on an immutable object the impact does do all kinds of damage inside the boat and then your horsemen would be at speed because you've always had to go faster then you wanted to go really because you had to be ahead of your own depth chart otherwise you'd be damaged by them so this can go on for six hours 12 hours and hundreds of depth charges I claim that anybody who says he is not a fright in those situations it's a liar doughnuts is forced to abandon attacks on convoys because in one of the crucial battles he sinks 11 merchant ships out of a convoy of 40 odd merchant ships it looks like a brilliant success rate he lost six submarines in doing that if every time you sink a merchant ship or two merchant ships you lose a submarine you're very quickly quite to completely lose your submarine force darkness was now effectively losing a submarine for every merchant ship P sank the United States was building so many ships that the Germans couldn't sink as many as the Allies were building sometimes two or three a day and in the end it was America's shipbuilding capability that really won the Battle of the Atlantic the Allies continued to use their industrial and technological might as well as their intelligence breakthroughs to their advantage [Music] longer-range Royal Air Force a North American Allied aircraft also managed to fill the treacherous black hole above the middle of the North Atlantic the value of an aircraft is that it would surprise the submarine will a submarine was on the surface and the aircraft could do a very fast dive virtually dive bombed the submarine and then try to place the bombs across it by 1942 more sophisticated aircraft were capable of patrolling at altitudes of up to 5,000 feet but the moment they saw a submarine their plunge from 5,000 feet to 50 feet right across the whole of the submarine and drop a stick a timed stick and they called it the stick of four or six depth charge boom boom boom boom and hoping the two of them would be close enough to the hollowed submarine to to blow it up we attracted them to convoys went for them hmm we knew their refueling points where a mothership would come in a distant part of the ocean kill them all they had a miserable time [Music] on the 21st of September in 1943 Winston Churchill had a most satisfying announcement to make he reported that not one merchant ship had been lost to enemy action in the North Atlantic in the past three months Britain cheered but the war continued to rage on land and at sea even until the end of the war u-boats lurked off the American coast and throughout the Atlantic but with the help of ultra the codename for the secret information Bletchley Park was able to provide the Allies finally won the battle of the Atlantic I myself for the last days before we surrendered was listening to the voice of America on our radio and was being told that the Russians are not fighting about two blocks away from where my mother lived in Berlin you know and this of course was some very unpleasant realization of what's going on over there in other words when worried what was happening in Germany the other hand the fact that what had finally survived when so few actually did was a tremendous relief someone [Music] the key to altars contribution I think in the Battle of the Atlantic was that it ultimately they were able to control the u-boat threat in time to allow the build-up of preparations for the Normandy invasion in in 1944 it was a really a supreme intelligence weapon of a kind that no powers had before and probably no power had since that time the purpose of intelligence is to optimize a commander's resources and ultra enabled him to do this and by optimizing resources we were able to shorten the war and by shortening the war we saved treasure we saved lives that was the ultimate effect of ultra in World War two the duel in the Atlantic was the longest battle of World War two more than 700 u-boats in over 25,000 German submarine errs lost their lives while the Allies sacrificed 2,600 ships and 80,000 soldiers and seamen for their crucial cause yet the Battle of the Atlantic was a battle of secrets Dern ensues major advantage proved to be his Achilles heel by sending his crucial secret messages through the air and gambling on the infallibility of the Enigma machine he unwittingly threw victory to the Allies the key to the Enigma codes was the key to victory [Music] you

Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

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Rating: 4.7206821 out of 5

Keywords: History, Full Documentary, Documentaries, Full length Documentaries, Documentary, TV Shows - Topic, Documentary Movies - Topic, 2017 documentary, BBC documentary, Channel 4 documentary, history documentary, documentary history, world war 2, world war ii, world war 2 movies, world war ii movies, world war ii d-day, secrets of war season 1, the ultra enigma, third reich documentary bbc, world war two, history of the world

Id: cexTcnTHdc8

Length: 49min 8sec (2948 seconds)

Published: Mon Dec 16 2019