The KGB Connections: An Investigation Into Soviet Operatives in North America

[Music] these men are members of the kgb working in north america this man is an illegal a spy trained in moscow and sent to the united states this man is a defector from cuban intelligence living in hiding under constant threat of death this man ran operations against the west from czechoslovakia [Music] this man was trained by the most sinister department of the kgb and sent to north america all of them received their orders from here number two zerzynski square in moscow this is the headquarters of the kgb from here the kgb continues to carry out the mandate given to the secret police by lenin who said it was to be the sword and shield of the revolution the offense and defense of soviet aims throughout the world yubyanka prison is the center of the vast kgb bureaucracy directly responsible to the politburo for its operations against the west ever since lenin took over the secret police of his defeated enemy the czar the soviet espionage apparatus has mirrored the leadership under which it serves under lenin in the early days of revolutionary turmoil it was known as the checker and it imposed the bolshevik rule upon the nation setting up an international network of informers and tracking down and liquidating enemies of the new regime under stalin the name of the secret police was changed to gpu and it became the most effective instrument of mass murder until the second world war stalin used the gpu to eradicate millions of peasants in the ukraine who protested the creation of collective farms from their lands and during the mid-30s russia was wracked by what became known as the terror the mass purges created by stalin show trials became a function of the secret police activities and more than 75 percent of the soviet general staff of the army and senior ministries were arrested by the gpu tried and executed in 1953 stalin died [Music] it was appropriate that the small band of survivors at the top of the communist hierarchy quickly arrested one of their own la vrenti beria the ambitious and coldly ruthless head of the secret police which by then had become known as the nkvd it was barya who had presided over the purges ordered by stalin he himself was executed in 1955 nikita khrushchev took full power the secret police became known as the kgb under khrushchev and his successors the kgb looked increasingly outward to espionage and intelligence activities in the rest of the world in the past decade it has become a vanguard element of soviet expansion and activities throughout the third world western europe and north america the kgb has become a massive bureaucracy reporting directly to the politburo the select body that runs the soviet union its functions are tied to the international department which runs and finances both communist and non-communist organizations in other countries and to the ministry of defense with whom it shares espionage activities in other nations the kgb is organized into chief directorates from a separate headquarters in moscow the first chief directorate controls foreign espionage activities the second chief directorate is the largest and most important with a network of informers it is responsible for ensuring internal security the current head of the kgb is yuri andropov a key member of the politburo a close colleague of leonid brezhnev and one of the most powerful men in russia as head of the kgb and controls the most influential and sinister bureau of the soviet bureaucracy whose main purpose is the total control of the soviet people [Music] for north america the activities of the first chief directorate are divided into departments which carry out a wide range of activities from soviet establishments located across the continent [Music] since 1933 this building has served as a soviet embassy in washington it is a major center of espionage activity in the united states this is alexander listed as an attache at the embassy he is a kgb officer this is boris ivanov a correspondent with the soviet news service tanis he is also a kgb officer during a recent hearing of the senate foreign relations committee the principal witness was harold brown who at that time was secretary of defense subject u.s military posture and the defense budget for 1980 present were soviet tv reporter yuri sultan and his cameraman anatoly ivanov as well as milo stulva a correspondent for his vestia seen here is dr mikhail milstein who is now with the soviet academy of science specializing in military affairs next to milstein yuri capralov first secretary of the soviet embassy then there was a man who identified himself as andre krutzke the soviet embassy lists him as an attache and this man victor cutien official title third secretary at the embassy american intelligence sources identify both krutsky as being officers of the kgb in north america there are dozens of soviet establishments everything from diplomatic missions to trade offices and businesses that sell tractors or operate merchant shipping since 1970 the number of soviet officials in north america has increased dramatically until 1980 richard kinsey was deputy chief of the soviet desk in the fbi his duties were to closely monitor the activities of the soviets in the u.s the numbers have doubled in the last 10 years from 1970 when i left in early 1980 the soviet presence had almost doubled there was a time when i first was in in the work where we could almost go one agent on one identified or suspected soviet intelligence officer when i left quite the contrary was true and we were vastly outnumbered where we our agents were trying to cover three or four known or suspected intelligence officers [Music] one of the basic requirements for soviet diplomats is to file travel plans whenever they travel in the u.s or canada it is a restriction that in the soviet union is strictly applied to western diplomats but for the soviets in north america the theory and the practice seldom meet we find through our coverage of them that they often deviate from those travel plans and surprisingly enough they'll end up traveling by the sac base in omaha nebraska when their travel plans call for them to go to kansas or some other some other route and that's a violation of travel regulations if we bring it to the attention of the state department then a strong note of protest is made to the soviet ambassador is there anything ever done about these strong notes of protest they're filed [Music] the soviet embassy in washington is also distinctive for another type of spying operation on the roof is a large antenna that appears harmless but is used to electronically eavesdrop on telephone conversations in the washington area one-third of all local calls and most long-distance calls are transmitted by microwave which can be plucked from the air by these soviet antennae literally millions of calls are recorded and put through computers which are programmed to listen for certain key words or are activated by the phone numbers of people who are of interest to the soviets in 1972 while negotiating a purchase of surplus grain from the united states the soviet embassy used its telephone intercept capability to eavesdrop on conversations between the us department of agriculture and grain dealers in the midwest because the soviets were able to acquire inside information about the us bargaining position they were able to outmaneuver the u.s negotiators and sign a long-term contract for a record amount of grain at very low prices crop failures the next year in the u.s drove consumer prices upwards but the soviets were able to continue buying grain at the low prices they had negotiated the previous year in san francisco the soviet consulate houses sophisticated electronic equipment and occupies a commanding position overlooking san francisco bay our investigations determined that many of those antenna were in such a position that they had the capability of doing micro wave intercept in silicon valley about an hour's drive south of san francisco is the area that has come to be known as silicon valley it is perhaps the most highly concentrated area of modern technology and research in the united states its products include microcomputers silicon chips and fiber optics all vital component parts of military hardware the san francisco consulate has also provided the soviets with an easy access to us military establishments on the west coast for example by observing the polaris submarines being refitted in clear view of a nearby seafood restaurant frequented by the soviets the numbers of american submarines then at sea can be determined in the canadian capital the soviet embassy is also equipped with antenna [Music] however the most visible microwave intercept equipment is not on the soviet roof but nearby on the roof of the polish embassy it is the eastern bloc nations the poles the czechs and the east germans that play an important part in the game of espionage william kelly is the former head of the rcmp security service intelligence services of block countries allegedly work independently of each other but that isn't true they work very closely with each other and under the dominance of the russian kgb there was a time when the uh it was felt that the kgb were too well known around external affairs and they didn't think that their their their the reception they'd receive would be the best so they wanted to naturally recruit or penetrate and they decided that the hungarians could do the job uh under the circumstances better than they could developing countries was a deputy director of czech intelligence at the time he fled to the west because there are many people who are afraid to get in touch to be associated with a soviet diplomat for example who uses who is an intelligence officer and uses the diplomatic power in most cases uh but they they don't hesitate to develop a very friendly contact with a czech diplomat or a polish diplomat or an east german diplomat because they think what the representatives of these small countries can do and they don't realize that they do basically the same job only under a different color but uh uh how closely allied were you with the soviet intelligence say they know every everything that the czechoslovak or any other satellite service does on the east coast of america on long island is another soviet diplomatic residence it is an estate near the town of glen cove which serves as a weekend and summer retreat for soviet officials of the nearby united nations soviet citizen arkady shivchenko often stayed there while he was the under secretary general of the u.n and all the top floors of the building are full of the sophisticated equipment for the the to intercept all the conversation telephone conversation anything which is going on around the every at least 15 or 17 technicians who were working there to do all this job the estate at glen cove and the electronic monitoring equipment jammed into it also represent an interesting geographic choice by the soviets i might point out that the estate while it's located somewhat north of the establishment is very close to grumman aircraft factory which is one of the united states main builders of sophisticated warplanes and it's sort of midway between the main plant and a testing facility that grumman has further out on the island and those antennae are appointed toward both facilities [Music] the newest soviet residence in new york is a building in the riverdale section of the bronx they got permission to build on one of the highest sites in new york city at an elevation that permits interception of phone messages over the widest possible area [Music] yet back in washington the soviets were not pleased with the location of their embassy so they asked for and again were granted permission to build on another site at the corner of belmont and wisconsin [Music] avenue [Music] it is one of the highest locations in washington because it's so high here we'd like to get a good shot of washington can we get in if you want to take people you must go to our embassy and decide this method is our ship in washington they they will have everything they can then listen all the conversations which are going on from white house to any uh any departments or pentagons you have a good view from here anyway on the roof yeah much of the construction on the soviet embassy complex is already completed the new residences have been built complete with antennae on the roof in moscow the americans had requested permission to build a new embassy to replace their old and overcrowded facilities there in this instance comparisons are useful the united states was eventually offered and accepted a site on one of the lowest points of land in the city and after years of bureaucratic wrangling permission was only recently granted to begin construction [Music] in the united states there is one place that is more important for the kgb than even the embassy or its consulates how important is the united nations to the soviets in terms of espionage it's a nest spies the kgb operations in the u n are controlled by the first department of the first chief directorate at the kgb this department directs all operations against the united states and canada the officers of the department operate from the embassies and consulates operations are also run from the u.n itself where over 500 soviets work the u.n was formed to provide a forum for dialogue between the nations of the world each country sends its ambassadors and their staffs to the debates which occur in the general assembly and security council awarded diplomatic status their representatives live in the equivalent of embassies in new york city and are expected to represent their country's interests but in the secretariat building are the international civil servants without diplomatic status they are expected to be rigorously non-partisan in their administration of the un's various departments and worldwide programs in nineteen seventy eight one of the most important soviet defections to the west occurred arkady shivchenko who was the under secretary general of the united nations stunned his soviet colleagues as the highest ranking soviet in the u n secretariat shivchenko had knowledge of extensive soviet espionage activities in the united states so serious was the defection that two of the soviet union's highest ranking ambassadors dubrinian and trionopsky demanded a meeting with shivchenko and his u.s lawyer this is the first broadcast of a tape recorded at that meeting ambassador dubrinian reveals that shivchenko was privy to soviet state secrets even though he was supposedly an impartial u.n civil servant that took secret documents in his mission until the last day when he left it showed that there was no he gave me copies of this letter he refers to the what he quit a betrayal of the ideals of the october revolution which is taking place now in the ussr the monstrous abuses carried on by the kgb compel me to take the decision to renounce my membership and they see psu et cetera that naturally leads one to think uh that he's in some abnormal state because a normal person or one acting at his free will uh cannot make these exponential there was no need for him to stay in the foreign forest for 30 years or 20 years and then finally find out that he disagrees with the fruits of october revolution the united nations secretary to give so gives so many advantages for the kgb to penetrate actually almost all aspects of the american life because they unlike diplomats go and travel across the country freely they even should not under no obligation to notify the state department of american mission about the their travel trips or participation anywhere probably the most active intelligence gathering functions are carried out by soviets assigned the united nations i say that for a number of reasons primarily that un employees also have total freedom of movement throughout the united states it's a it's a golden mine for the soviet union that it's so easy to have such a huge number of the people involved in the intelligence activity my estimate would be that the people who are working for the soviet intelligence in general in new york about 300 or 350 persons in the war engaged in all these activities in theory the employees are there to carry out the ideals and humanitarian causes of the united nations and run the bureaucratic machinery but shivchenko quickly discovered that even though he was one of the united nations highest ranking bureaucrats and the head of his department the orders came from the kgb i i had in my department 13 soviets and the at least seven of them were professional kgb officers because they didn't do anything they didn't work in in my department they didn't receive orders from me as the head of the department they receive the orders from from their bosses in the mission from the ngb area president this man was one of those soviets working for shivchenko his name is valdick anger he was placed in chefchenko's department not by the normal un hiring practices but by the kgb resident or senior officer in new york city who requested shivchenko's help in placing the spy in the united nations i agreed with that but i think it was a mistake because it was very difficult to get rid of him later because he transformed my office into a kind of a center or gathering all of all these sketchy big guys and collecting all these materials and all the things and he didn't do anything at all whenever i asked him to to do something uh for for for the department or for the secretariat or to write something for me he was always reluctant or or absent or have this bunch of his kgb guys in my office i was and i was absolutely i was mad about this situation here anger is asking a u.s naval commander to pass on secret documents [Music] [Music] [Music] and follow the instructions completely and you'll find everything there all right okay okay right i'll talk to you later bye-bye the head of the kgb operating out of the soviet mission to the united nations has been identified by shivchenko as v kazakhov within the u.n the soviets are also able to exert influence victor lesiovsky is a kgb officer who occupies the post of special assistant to the secretary general in the united nations he chooses the speakers for the debates in the general assembly vasily soladonikov is another kgb officer who served as a senior secretariat official a man who served at soledonikov at the international relations institute in moscow was igor glagolev who was an adviser to the politburo before he defected to the west they were high-ranking members of the kgb they were not uh you know people who were reused by the kgb because if you can use you know many people without their knowledge but they were just regular agents of the kgb and the trouble is that they control the staff of the united nations permanently always was an advisor to joshua and como and other rebel leaders during the war in zimbabwe rhodesia he is now a key formulator of soviet policy in africa and is their ambassador to zambia on he was assistant uh to the secretary general and later on he was um director of the institute of africa and now he is uh sorry the soviet ambassador in zambia where he masterminded the takeover of zimbabwe and now he's organizing the takeover of south africa [Music] noel field joined the state department as a foreign service officer in 1926 during the 1930s he became a soviet agent lawrence duggan was head of the latin american desk of the state department and was a political adviser to the secretary of state he too was a soviet agent both duggan and field were brought into a soviet espionage ring by the same recruiter a woman of amazing persuasiveness i got the new field and i got them larry duggan and i got them all you know sort of uh small fry like ryan and you know technical personnel several women that were mail drops and so forth and it was always done for example with women was mostly done with sex i would always send somebody who was handsome and and they generally went to bed with whatever it was and uh and it worked during the 1930s ada massing was soviet espionage's most effective recruiting agent in america this is her only television interview filmed shortly before her death in 1981. during the 1920s she married into the communist party in europe falling in love with its intrigue and fellowship her first husband was gerhard eisler a top official of the communist international espionage arm the common turn when you were 17 and you joined the communist party or became a member of that circle was it an emotional rather than a political conversion only emotional not political at all didn't understand a thing about politics as i said i would have understood this one sentence it is a theory an ideology which has as its aim a better life for all well that was good enough for me but the life of all i'm amongst all but that was as political as as it was otherwise it was emotional i'm married into the party but for somebody who didn't understand it you became one of their most effective operators later much much much later much later when i understood much more and when i uh when really my effectiveness is so closely married connected to fascism i was effective because there was fascism and fascism had to be fought it took me a long time and i didn't want to realize it that actually i was not fighting fascism it was all baloney the russians used me but to admit that to yourself is of course very degrading self-degrading you hesitate very much to do that so for a long time i pretended that i believed that this is the way to fight fascism and i acted it out okay well let's go into some of the areas where you were very successful you came over to america in the early 1930s what did you do and how did you get into that circle where you could operate effectively well first of all when i came i knew people you see i knew people i've met people in moscow met many americans in moscow i was functionary for example i was called on by the comm intern to entertain important americans when they came to moscow so i had had connections personal connections the connections were with those in the american government so haida massing closely controlled by the russians working in new york city and armed with a sharp wit and a fierce determination went on to recruit lawrence duggan one of the senior members of the u.s state department you know the thing that is so interesting is it wasn't difficult i called him uh because i underst i you know he was a friend of noah field and said that i wanted to see him and i went into the state department into his room and we made an appointment and i approached him directly howard larry i said you know i needn't tell you about fascism you know it all you know it better than i because you see all the material i don't see we want your help will you help us and he said yes i have certain conditions but yes i will help you now i will give you all the material that i think might be of interest to you and the russians he knew immediately who i was he was nobody's fool and only i will not give you the material per se i will dictate to somebody and somebody has to be english speaking and a very good shorthand there it was i couldn't believe it while recruiting noah field hayden massing uncovered another soviet spy ring in washington of which she had been unaware i had worked on no field for a long time i had listened to wagner which i hate i had read freud which i disliked and discussed fine points of freud with him you know really lying in my teeth and because i wanted i wanted him i wanted to wanted to do a good job and i had i also liked the family i liked her better than him he was a little bit although he was rather good looking you know very tall and very sort of gentleman-like to me was a little bit unappetizing i really could it must have been a body smell uh i don't know what it was but anyhow i liked her better she was also more honest she was she was a little dumb and one day i said you know no it's about time that you you have more or less agree that you will work with me now i think we ought to start and he said you know haida i wanted to tell you this and i hesitated because i know it will upset you but i have decided that i will not work with you but i would rather work with somebody who does exactly the same thing you do who is however with me in the same department and it would be so much easier technically to convey whatever i have to give to this person and i said who is this person of course terrified he was my investment about one year studying wagner and freud for that what you should anyhow i said um who is this man and he said i don't think you know him his name is al-jaheed he was an advisor to president roosevelt at the crucial yalta conference and was the man who flew to washington with the historic charter documents of the united nations organizing conference in san francisco where he had served as temporary secretary general alger hiss was a rising star in the state department and director of the office of special political affairs he was never far from center stage after allegations were made of his communist activities he appeared before the house on american activities committee i am not and never have been a member of the communist party throughout two famous trials and a conviction for perjury he has steadfastly proclaimed his innocence and today there is a strong lobby in the united states to overturn his convictions mr chambers charged except that i knew him briefly were you ever coming no this man's memory is rather different nathaniel wilde was a member of the same communist party cell as alger hiss i want to ask you if you ever met elder hiss oh yes about 30 times or so 30 or 40. under what circumstances well i'm speaking about uh you see the cell met every week and uh attendance was a very a duty to be taken very seriously you have to have an extremely good excuse for not being there so that if uh one assumes that um that i was in this unit for nine months [Music] uh and that there was a meeting every week it works out to about 30 or 40 times but hayden massing trying to recruit noel field had no idea that alger hiss was also working for the soviets each of the communist cells were small and carefully separated in this case both alger hiss and haida messing were trying to recruit the same man i met algeris because noah called me a week after i'd been there in new york and said can you come to washington i have dinner a dinner date for you and aljaheed at my house and i said of course i'll come and i came and i met him and the beginning was that he said so you are the girl that is trying to take noel away from me and i said well you are the man who was trying to take noel away from me and then i said i suppose i don't know the exact words uh don't forget after all i'm female and i'm a fighter and i won't let that happen so easily and he grinned and then we had all sorts of conversations we stood alone he and i at the window and spoke and the farewell was that i said or he said and i don't remember who said what but he i think he said whoever gets no after all we are working for the same boss [Music] more than 90 percent communist agents are blackmailed these people are not ideological supporters but they are brutally blackmailed was this what you look for when you were in the czech intelligence yeah the ability to blackmail people that's right that's right yeah like that you were forcibly trapped and we know the way that you were trapped it was a homosexual entrapment that you were entrapped in which the checks got you this is correct right this man was blackmailed while on embassy duty in prague czechoslovakia as an air force cipher clerk he was in a position to seriously compromise nato readiness secrets it was a stupid thing to do and i did it i got caught doing it by somebody that shouldn't have or shouldn't have i've gone through this rigging world for over a year after we left prague i haven't heard from anybody since that time most americans are very naive politically very name and so i think it's in many cases very easy for for communist intelligence officers to get in touch with important americans to seduce them in one way or another and likely to blackmail them i was not contacted in check back here until about a month or two before i ever left the country when you say contacted you're contacted by the check by the check intelligence service well i don't know who they were i'm just saying i was contacted yeah i assumed that they had to be what do you mean when you say contacted how what form did that contact take it was just a meeting on the street of a man just walked up to you and what did this man say well he indicated that they had had photographs of me and you know that he would contact me at some future today well can you tell me what did the czech intelligence service ask you for or want you to do there was no discussion at all it was just the fact they confronted me with the fact that they had pictures and photographs of me doing this homosexual act with the other individuals that was the whole extent it was nothing asked for or given when you say the fellow that was involved in the situation in the photographs yeah yeah he was he was the other man with whom you were having this affair with right and he defected and as a result that was how they found out about you and you were never asked for secret documents there was just a man that came up to you in the street in prague and said that we have photographs of you and we're going to ask you for something at a later date at a later date and it was never indicated what they wanted or how often or how soon what kind of information could you have theoretically given them [Music] in moscow the kgb targets not only low-ranking officials sometimes their black male extends right to the top john watkins was the canadian ambassador to the soviet union in the late fifties when he was targeted for recruitment two kgb defectors nasenko and golitzin have revealed that watkins was under kgb control but the story has never before received official confirmation william kelly is the former head of the rcmp security service they knew he was a homosexual he knew that they knew he was a homosexual are you saying that he was being blackmailed by them uh in a kind of a way yes that he knew that they could embarrass him if he didn't cooperate while in the soviet union lester b pearson later to become canadian prime minister and john watkins met with khrushchev at his daca on the crimean sea the meetings were arranged by the soviets to increase watkins prestige in pearson's eyes and to speed his promotion to positions with access to sensitive information when you find that a man uh like watkins a a an ambassador was a homosexual and you knew the pressure that was being placed on homosexuals in uh russia at that time uh he was an obvious target for uh for kgb and he was surrounded by the kgb watkins handler was anatoly gorski alias professor nikitin who had controlled the soviet agents filby mclean burgess and blunt in britain soon after pearson's visit watkins was transferred back to ottawa as assistant under secretary of external affairs external affairs chairs the committee that controls all of canadian intelligence matters he died of a heart attack on october 10 1964 in montreal after being interrogated by the rcmp for over 10 years tom fox was head of u.s military counter intelligence in charge of breaking major soviet operations in america and europe well the soviets are like any good head-hunting business organization that's looking for good talent the soviets will establish a relationship with the individuals determine the individual's needs desires strengths and weaknesses and try to exploit that david barnett was a former employee with the cia whose business was facing bankruptcy his solution was to approach the kgb in exchange for money he compromised several cia operations and the lives of the agents involved he was instructed by the soviets to obtain positions with several congressional intelligence committees in order to pass on inside information for his services he received ninety two thousand dollars but the soviets used subtler methods for recruiting at the time when he was a congressional assistant with access to u s naval readiness secrets jim campus was approached by a soviet official offering him the opportunity to write articles for a leading soviet press agency i as a staff member had access to most of the classified materials that might have been presented to the committee from time to time how were the approaches first made initially it was strictly social uh later of course the meetings were arranged they were arranged with just the two of us they were arranged at primarily at bars what exactly did he suggest you should do in the beginning he suggested that i write articles for him uh theoretically to be translated and published in the novosti press which is a soviet to press service of course later it became more obvious the type of stories that he was seeking were those that were based on classified information or information that was not generally known to the public in attempting to recruit agents the kgb also uses the services of the international information department which controls tas pravda izvestia and the novus depress agency [Music] a man who is familiar with the procedures of recruitment is yuri bisminov who served with novosti in india before defecting to the west because during my 12 years with novosti i i it was quite clear to me that about 70 to 80 it's hard to count percent of the novelist employees are at the same time either full-time officers of the kgb or part-time co-opted agents like myself when i was working for the novices for soviets like yuri bisminov or carlo tuomi an illegal sent to america to recruit agents the methods of recruitment are deceptively easy how do you recruit somebody you recruit them by establishing a friendship but you don't you don't recruit them as a as a soviet spy you're supposedly working for some corporation which is interested in a trade secret of a competing corporation or maybe you're asking information on behalf of a friend who's writing a technical book so is this what you were told in moscow that you should not say that you're working before the soviets that you should work for a company or right right you come out you come out as a soviet intelligence agent only when you recruit the person on ideological basis in the 1930s no one was more successful in recruiting young americans than adam massing she recruited at the highest levels of government and discovered that the ideological approach worked best with the privileged in america it would be almost impossible to recruit the working class almost impossible of america yeah but it would be easy to recruit the intellectual and middle class but what does the communist party have to offer the elite great ideas the freedom of all time marxism a different economical system thoughts new medical experiments knew the world the world you see the soviet union has never changed its goal never you know it's it's it's goal as a phrase it still wants to dominate the world you know that it has never changed [Music] in the late 1950s when fidel castro was taking his revolution out of the mountains toward the ultimate victory of havana the world watched what was believed to be a popular uprising of the people is not communism or marxism in our idea our political philosophy is representative democracy and social justice in a well-planned economy but the revolution provided a new base for the kgb and the communist intelligence networks ladislav bitman was a deputy director with czech intelligence a few years after the revolution the checks helped to build up the in the cuban intelligence service and then i think in the early 1960s the soviets took over completely when cuba was really in in the hands of the soviet bloc of the soviet union here at the cuban mission to the united nations in new york city where 98 cuban nationals work at least half are members of the dgi the cuban intelligence service this man is nestor garcia until the summer of 1980 he was officially listed as the first secretary to the cuban mission but in reality he was chief of station for cuban intelligence in new york city in moscow the direct responsibility for running cuban intelligence is assigned to department 11 of the kgb the same department that controls the czechs polls and other european communist intelligence agencies since the late 1960s soviet kgb officers living in havana have directly run the operation of cuban intelligence as a result of two years research the connections team has been able to ascertain these startling facts cuban intelligence was taken over by the soviets in 1969 at that time it became and has remained totally financed and controlled by the kgb now living in hiding this man is the highest ranking cuban officer to defect to the united states this is the first known television interview that a dgi officer has given uh moscow i was trained in uh recruiting of agents in infiltrating uh the cia in counterintelligence was all your training directed at the united states all your training in moscow directed at the united states even if the work dealt with uh operations in italy france england canada it was ultimately directed against the united states in the case of a plan of sabotage against an american embassy the physical laid out of the plant had to be known was there any other installations and embassies that were looked at for sabotage big american companies [Music] since the late 1960s general semenov of the kgb has controlled the dgi from havana for the soviets general simone the soviet chief would be the one who would give the order so the russians controlled cuban intelligence actually controlled totally and absolutely the second most important base of cuban intelligence in north america is the cuban consulate in montreal from here and other cuban diplomatic missions the dgi conducts intelligence and espionage operations through a spy network designed to increase the kgb's penetration of north american life [Music] you saw the files of these people in havana correct yes i know many were they working for instance trying to get defense secrets from america definitely i mean yes definitely so what else information [Music] leftist movements in the united states on the blacks the industrial plants of the united states like power plants and so on and so forth why would they be interested in power plants this information is necessary to the soviets this former dgi officer was shown the official list of the 12 cubans stationed in washington at the cuban interest section how many on that list do you know as being in intelligence there are four on that one certainly have you ever heard of a mr ricardo escarcan escargan he's an intelligence officer how about mr juan carbonell juan carbonell is another intelligence officer who was in jamaica [Music] six months after this interview ricardo escartin was expelled from the us for espionage activities but the other dgi officers carbonell arbolea and martinez are still operating in washington in the mid-1960s the black ghettos of america erupted in flames and violence in an apparently spontaneous protest the riots did not need instigation by outside elements yet once the conditions were ripe revolutionaries of the left moved in funded and supported by the cuban dgi [Music] one such revolutionary was philip lewis what was the nature of your meeting with fidel castro uh our nature first of all was we met a number of times but our first meeting dealt with uh what the group would do in cuba secondly was uh what we could do in the united states once we returned and third of all we received uh over twenty thousand dollars to bring back to the united states uh the next year we were engaged in uh tremendous uh riots in new york city uh which then spread to cleveland to los angeles to other areas education that junction was vital not only to our cause but to the cause of cuba we train people on the use of weapons we also train people on how to stand on top of their tenement buildings and throw down garbage cans filled with bricks we also taught them how to make molotov cocktails as a matter of fact the cubans at that time said to us your revolution is your own revolution but while we were in cuba they gave us money to bring back the united states to be utilized uh in terrorist activities they also invited us to the embassy wherein they gave us money to send young americans to cuba who were later trained in terrorist activities we went to the cuban embassy on a number of occasions to get funding [Music] in the 1960s bernadine dorn was one of the leaders of the violent radical group known as the weathermen on december 3rd 1980 in chicago bernadine dorne surrendered after 10 years in hiding with her was another weatherman bill ayers with whom she had been living they held a press conference and stated their continued commitment to radical change resistance by every means necessary is happening and will continue to happen within the united committed to the st ahead the man with bernadine dorn bill ayers was one of the key members of the weathermen during the 1960s a man who knew heirs well during those years was larry grathwall a former member of the weather underground which had developed close ties with the cubans well when when the cubans viewed the the revolutionary struggle in the united states they recognized the fact that the that the left as it existed in 69 and 70 was not capable of of overthrowing the government by itself consequently they they had hoped that the the group itself would be able to to attack the system from within and provide assistance to the international movement the international communist revolution as a weatherman if i became cut off from the main body of the the organization the weather underground organization i could make contact or re-establish contact by going to the cuban embassy in mexico or canada and asking to as an example i want to to get in touch with bernadine delgado that was the code word delgado and i would tell them that i'm larry delgado and i can be reached at such a such a phone number or it's such and such an address and the cubans would make the connection and put me back in contact with the how do you know this how do you know how do you know this information oh bill ayers gave me those instructions in it was either february or march of 1970 in detroit the cuban dgi is organized into seven departments and subdivided into geographic sections the largest one being the united states section it controls north american operations including the un diplomatic posts and radical groups during the 1970s hundreds of young americans circumvented u.s travel regulations to go to cuba to harvest sugar cane and experience the cuban revolution first hand as a cover for the recruitment of the weathermen the dgi organized the bencaremos brigades the organizers tour guides and hosts were officers of the dgi who used the occasion to train young american radicals cuban intelligence was well prepared for the venza ramos brigades when they arrived every time that the event was brigade contingent arrived in cuba all the operations of the dgi had to drop what they were doing and go to work on the events of emma's brigade we had to investigate collect background to see who could be recruited what information could be obtained do you know of young americans who were recruited in the brigade to work for the cuban intelligence who came back to america and were secretly working for the cubans yes and they are still working still working for the cubans in america yes definitely the brigade was established with the sole purpose of providing a cover for the weatherman to get their people to cuba for training and that that's why it existed as a matter of fact when our people came back off the first venceramis brigade and i think it was february of 1970 the criticism that the cubans had made about the venzaremus brigade indicated that the majority of people being sent there they felt were useless they really weren't helping them harvest sugarcane but that it was justified in the sense that here was a means to train and politicize weatherman contacts and weatherman cuba somehow had the ability to uh bring out young people at that time the feeling of of communism with a uh mambo beat or uh somehow that uh what was happening in cuba was totally different than what was happening anyplace else in the world this was the main reason of the interviews showed by the russians in trying to control the dgi because the cubans could work far more easily than the soviets weren't the weather people aware that they were being used by the soviets no they they viewed the cubans as being the vanguard of the international communist revolution now the vanguard essentially means that the cubans are at the very tip of the spear they're the leadership um the russians are being used by the cubans now this is the weatherman's rationalization of this this interaction between the soviets and the cubans the cubans said you've got to become active you've got to start doing things and planning a national action to protest the beginning of the chicago eight trial and to commemorate the the riots during the democratic national convention of 68 [Music] and to protest the war in vietnam is not action action requires that you confront the system violently so when the weathermen got back from cuba they changed the national action to the days of rage [Music] [Applause] [Music] rage in october 1969 was an attack on the city of chicago and its police department for four days anti-war protesters urged on by agitators of the weatherman rioted in the streets engaging in violent confrontations and pitched battles with the police quebec during the 1960s was rocked by terrorist bombings and confrontations between the police and french canadian separatist demonstrators supporting the flq [Music] dgi contacts within revolutionary organizations like the faq had built an international terrorist ring it was late march or early april of 1970 i was in buffalo new york uh the foco there consisted of five people bill ayers and naomi jaffe were two of those people uh bill and naomi left and went to canada where at in canada i don't know to meet with members of the quebec liberation front with the objective of establishing closer ties with them and and cooperating and actions if possible uh on both sides of the border and they also received it was either two or three thousand dollars from the quebec liberation front that had been sent from cuba before the weatherman there was an attempt in 1965 by a group of blacks who had gone to cuba under miles to blow up sanctuary liver the black liberation front which had been formed in cuba in 1964 was the prime mover behind this plot the bombing was prevented however when the police recovered the explosives from their hiding place in the bronx amongst those arrested was michelle duklow a member of the french canadian separatist organization which provided the explosives to the cuban trained extremists she pleaded guilty to illegally transporting dynamite we know that uh the weatherman underground organization uh went to cuba and utilized the same kinds of techniques that we utilized these people uh did engage in in direct bombing and killing uh in the united states so i fear it and yet most of them haven't been heard from for a long long time that's right but they're still out there they're underground and the question is uh over a long period of time what does it take to activate them [Music] the biggest cuban intelligence efforts against the united states do not take place in north america it is in the caribbean and central america where the cuban dgi backed by the soviet kgb are actively assisting revolutionary movements hostile to the united states [Music] in 1978 the government of the caribbean island of grenada was replaced by a marxist regime led by morris bishop the government of the criminal dictator eric m gary has been overthrown all police stations are hereby ordered to put up a white flag as a symbol of surrender one by one the governments that have been called right-wing dictatorships are being attacked and replaced by left-wing dictatorships financed by the cubans brother maurice bishop the long night of terror the long night of repression and hardship has ended in grenada one of the first acts of the new government was to bring in cubans to build a new airport the airport like the island itself has military importance to the cubans and ultimately to the soviets grenada's proximity to the venezuelan and middle eastern oil tanker routes to the us make it an important strategic location and in nicaragua where the sandinistas overthrew the regime of anastasia samosa over three thousand cubans moved in immediately after the revolution [Music] on the first anniversary of their takeover a new government staged a celebration for visiting guests like fidel castro whose ambassadors to nicaragua lopez diaz and to grenada torres rizzo are top dgi officers one of the speakers was morris bishop of grenada [Music] [Music] [Applause] el salvador guatemala puerto rico one after the other the revolutionary movements of the islands and the central american nations are being assisted by the cubans and behind them the soviets puerto rico is an important area for cuban activities electronically linked with navy installations on the us mainland puerto rico is crucial as a submarine tracking base using top secret undersea monitoring equipment americans are able to keep track of soviet submarine actions on the entire atlantic coastline [Music] in april 1980 10 faln puerto rican revolutionaries were arrested outside chicago illinois with them was a van filled with explosives and arms they were convicted on february 11 1981 of seditious conspiracy for a wave of bomb blasts that have killed five people and wounded at least one hundred others does castrol run the puerto rican movement in the united states same yes i know many [Music] where they receive money explosives weapons recruitment that are made for them to work in the united states soviet naval activities in the caribbean and the atlantic are of increasing strategic significance as is havana's harbor to the soviet fleet in addition to surface ships submarines are a vital part of a growing armada for submarines are hard to detect as they lie off america's shores armed with nuclear missiles fishing ships are another part of the soviet armada off the shores of north america often used for electronic intelligence gathering the fishing ships also serve as shields protecting the submarines below from the radar and sonar of the anti-submarine forces of the americans and canadians it was on one of these ships that boris stern served the submarine kept contact with my ship when we came near newfoundland the captain had a radiogram on the submarine location my ship the fishing ship covered the submarine from the airplanes above these ships have also been used to provide irish terrorists with arms my ship this is a fishing ship and not a military ship at two o'clock at night as my ship came near ireland two boats with irish people came to the ship and the kgb officer on our boat misha boulanger gave them a very big box we think of arms soviet espionage efforts in north america are designed to assist the capabilities of their submarines in the atlantic and caribbean some of these efforts have seemed trivial yet the results are still affecting canadian and american security this canadian civil servant was targeted by the kgb he was at first offered small payments for unclassified information but the promise of larger sums soon led to his acquiring more sensitive strategic documents such as classified naval maps of old wrecks that lay on the bottom of the atlantic along the canadian coastline william kelly was head of the security service of the royal canadian mounted police at the time and so on and so forth well now these maps were of extreme importance to the russians and particularly for their submarine commanders because when there was the patrol boats of the canadian navy on the surface the submarine would know it and to avoid detection that's all the submarine had to do was settle down alongside of a wreck so that when the patrol boat above would make contact with some sounding device with the bottom of the ocean with some metal down there he'd look on a map and he'd say oh yes this is just a wreck and he'd move on leaving the submarine to continue its patrol safely [Music] um [Music] in the 1950s an obscure unassuming photographer lived alone in brooklyn operating his business from a storefront rudolph abel attracted little attention until it was revealed he headed a soviet spy ring operating in america [Music] he was caught and sentenced to 30 years in prison do you feel that you received a fair trial i would refer that question to my attorney mr donovan our american system of trial by jury is the fairest system in the world in the world of espionage abel was known as an illegal a spy who lives under an assumed name and is controlled by department s of the kgb it is department s that selects the agents who quietly blend into the societies of other nations and lead seemingly normal lives while secretly carrying out orders passed to them from moscow [Music] this is part of a television program about the black riots in america in 1968 [Applause] it was produced by the canadian broadcasting corporation the end credits are interesting in that the sound man on the film crew rudy hermann was a kgb illegal he was colonel rudolph hermann whose cover story bears many similarities to that of colonel abel both men entered the us through canada and both pursued careers in the film industry rudolph hermann went first to toronto where he lived quietly with his family in a small house on sutherland avenue he was ordered to take a job with the canadian broadcasting corporation in 1969 colonel herman was ordered by moscow to move from toronto to new york and set up as a photographer while he organized his network of espionage in the united states his appearance has been disguised and his voice electronically altered oh yes for the past 25 years i was getting every weekend on two days a radio transmission when herman was finally caught by the fbi richard kinsey was deputy chief of the soviet desk at fbi headquarters in washington he had been sent on meetings that he had been sent to meet people in canada for one thing yes he had do you know anything about why he was sent up to canada i'd prefer not to go into that colonel herman traveled to quebec city where he went to laval university and met with a canadian economics professor named hugh hamilton hello are you professor hamilton yes i am yeah hugh hamilton is a specialist in petroleum economics he has been named by colonel hermann as a long-time trusted source professor hamilton met herman many times and supplied him with information [Music] this interview was filmed with hidden cameras [Music] i mean i am pretty honest [Music] you know your faces i'm trying to i'm be honest i don't remember exactly i just knew i knew about herman met hamilton at least a dozen times in canada and in 1975 they met in haiti where hamilton passed hermann information about the he must chinese embassy there to see you there was a top secret fbi rcmp operation targeting professor hamilton and colonel hermann codenamed red pepper what was the reason for the meetings between herman and hamilton again you're getting into what is still a sensitive area i can say this that colonel herman was ordered to contact hamilton by his own admission by his superiors in moscow but beyond that i would not like to go professor hamilton is not as naive as he might appear during world war ii he worked for free french intelligence after the war he worked for canadian intelligence in germany but then in the late 1940s he met in ottawa with vladimir puradin a senior recruiter for soviet intelligence i mean you met jordan 48 did you not [Music] from 1956 to 1961 hamilton had top secret security clearance when he worked for nato in paris professor hamilton has also made two trips to cuba he met with a leading cuban intelligence officer ricardo escartin who has recently been expelled from the united states for espionage activities in 1975 he made a trip to moscow how come you went to the soviet union i didn't go but you didn't go to slovenia at all [Music] later he confessed to making a 10 to 12 day trip to the soviet union in 1975 where in his own words he was under considerable pressure from the kgb subsequently the rcmp raided hamilton's ottawa residence and seized the shortwave radio and code books professor hamilton was just one of colonel herman's contacts hermann has provided the fbi with significant leads on soviet agents operating in north america his espionage activities were of the utmost importance my job would be without any importance i would definitely not spend such a long time in the united states and besides you know during my years of service i was several times promoted now colonel hermann is somewhere in hiding in the united states an illegal who came to the surface carlo tuomi is another example of an illegal sent to america by moscow you are known as an illegal what exactly is an illegal illegal is a foreign agent who enters the country with forged documents and establishes himself as a citizen of that country little by little acquires all the documentation and driver's license birth certificates credit cards and so and so on finds a job uh gets all the credentials and all the background uh future references as a bona fide citizen of that country of course in this case that's what happened to you right that's right and you got all this from moscow when you were trained as a spy at a spy school in moscow that's right that's right that was a major part of my schooling in case of north america canada and the united states what is much more dangerous are these so-called illegals who are smuggled into these countries that is people who are who come here under a new identity and they they live as citizens of these countries and they would start operating really in case of war between the soviet union and the united states for example or in in in the time of major of a very serious crisis when for example the diplomatic relations would be broken in case of war i would i would be among other illegals the only means by which the soviet union could get any military intelligence from the from the united states because all their diplomatic needs all the open means would be cut off and at the time you were with czech intelligence yeah there were actually agents sent over here yes that's right who were to just sit and wait that's right yeah yeah very many the soviets use many routes to secretly place their illegals the soviet fishing fleets which regularly stop at north american ports have often provided the kgb with the secure means of landing their spies boris stern was a photojournalist with the soviet fishing plate and recalls an incident he once witnessed one time we left a man in st john's newfoundland he had been kept in hiding on my boat i thought the other people on our boat thought he was an illegal being dropped into canada you believe that this was a case of dropping a spy off in canada yes within the kgb there is another department which controls illegals department v conducts what are known within the kgb by the macabre description wet affairs assassinations sabotage and other violent acts it is the department that takes care of the dirty work of the kgb people until he defected to the west arkadia was a senior soviet at the u.n that has been uh the department uh was uh which uh operates in the in the secret issue which is even unbelievable for the soviet secret have you ever society of any department v people in north america yes it was in new york in the soviet mission in new york in the in the middle of the 60s and the one of my friends who happened also to be working with the kgb uh he they told me look you know he lo he this man looks so quiet calm and even respectable if someone if you look at him he would never believe that he really what he is really doing and to what branch or to what department the kgb he himself belongs it is the most sinister thing in the world which he is doing this man was a member of department v he was trained in moscow and sent to canada where explosives had already been hidden for his use well then fine let's do an interview i mean okay he refused to be interviewed after months of work the norfolk investigative unit traced him to a small town where he now lives in hiding in the kgb and you were sent over to north america to engage in espionage and you decided for one reason or another not to go through with this and uh however was sent to edmonton in western canada where he spent four years working and acquiring all the credentials of a normal canadian citizen in 1965 the call came from moscow he was ordered to go to a toronto suburb and observe a house and its occupants the house was at the time inhabited by one of the most famous defectors of all igor gozenko who fled the soviet embassy in 1945 his defection led to the uncovering of soviet spy rings in north america and was a severe setback for soviet espionage twenty years after it occurred department v of the kgb was still sending its agents looking for him if he comes so close my life of course was very very and if i open the door he said that i never open the door never open door in my house possibly went to the wrong house i don't know i really don't know so he could they might come in the wrong house or something but i never myself open door where we think the vodka had been activated by kgb agent oleg komenko who at the time was working as a counselor at the soviet embassy in ottawa and was traveling with the russian marseilles ballet on a north american tour strategically placed in western canada sabotka was ordered to plan in the event of war the destruction of the key refining and pumping stations that supply much of north america with its energy edmonton is also a center of top secret cold weather testing for canadian and american forces and sobotka was ordered to find all he could about these facilities he had other important missions one of which was to act as a link between moscow and a kgb sabotage network in north america presumably that you were sent out to edmonton with oil refineries and all that sort of thing it it was not an accident your center [Music] and i would presume that they they had their plans on that i must really go [Music] this house off massachusetts avenue in washington dc is an office of the soviet military attaches some of these men have legitimate business there however most military attaches in reality are spies of the gru operating closely with the kgb working under the ministry of defense the gru specifically confines its activities to espionage in military matters the first chief directorate of the kgb however has ultimate authority over the gru espionage networks during world war ii carlo tuomi was recruited into the soviet military intelligence he was born in michigan of finnish parents who left america and went to the soviet union while he was still a boy his boyhood knowledge of america made him a natural candidate to become a soviet spy sent back to the us as an illegal i was trained to collect military information about the united states armed forces with special emphasis on naval affairs and shipments of arms locations of [Music] docks and warehouses specifically in the harbor new york where these arms were being stored and handled and when were they being shipped to foreign countries in other words you were a spy that's true i studied the united states in general the geography economy government armed forces the woman who was my english instructor i've been born in brooklyn was a graduate of columbia university had a excellent command of modern american english what about uh the american culture i mean how were you trained so that you would feel at home in america once you got there from moscow well that basic way of getting me into touch with american reality and culture was by showing american movies for movies you can learn quite a bit of people behave how they dress how they talk and so that's a very important way to train an agent who is to operate in that particular country one of my one of the agents he was not an instructor but he was a more administrative personnel he took me to a storehouse which looked like a really like american clothing store where they picked the clothing the right size well the suits and overcoat had to be had to be adjusted were these american clothes that were shipping they were american clothes uh a lot of them were from macy's i entered the united states by train i took a train from to chicago so canada was used as a stepping ground to enter the united states is canada a usual way that the soviets put spies in the united states it is uh it is considered the easiest way soviet agents in the u.s went to great lengths to create what is called his legend or his cover story this legend uh for the later years where i was employed especially in new york and new york and in milwaukee the soviet diplomatic intelligence agents had done a lot of groundwork they had studied these different places they they took pictures from the outside they had even some pictures taken inside of these these places in moscow two only was shown these photographs of a lumber company in the bronx where he was supposed to have worked and of a general electric plant where he was also supposed to have been employed they have been taken by [Music] soviet diplomatic personnel in most cases working for the u.n instructions for me originally in moscow and were sent in corporate forum to target intelligence agents who were posing as a u.n diplomat and they were processed by these [Music] diplomats by and then sent to me [Music] by letter with a new york postmark did you ever get money from soviet officials working with or for the u.n definitely they they left to drop [Music] magnetic containers like this i usually i usually receive the three thousand dollars at a time it was always in advance once i received 5400 which was in which was in advance this container how is the container used well the top of the container is magnetized and then it is left at a predetermined place which is called a drop under a railroad bridge under an elevated [Music] inside a support of a bridge or something and it was never lost this was a very reliable gadget and this was used all over new york city or any places in new york city yes i had four different drops as this fbi photo shows tuomi met with his soviet handler alexei galkin he then took a cover job at tiffany's jewelers in new york beneath this subway bridge in the bronx was one of the drop points he had for messages another was the hudson river train line another was under this railroad bridge in queens at 69th street another on this telephone pole in yonkers once he was well established tuomi was ordered to take a job where he could carry out surveillance of the docks at the port of new york eventually he was caught by the fbi and became a double agent when you were caught by the fbi did you try to signal your soviet handlers at the u.n or in moscow that you had been caught not immediately because i i couldn't it was in my mind but i i couldn't do it immediately i did send the signal to the center which is soviet intelligence military intelligence headquarters moscow i sent a signal uh three months after i had been caught by the fbi how did you send the signal what means i i set the signal by inserting it in a message which i wrote under under the control of the fbi but i got away from the fbi agent for a few minutes uh to write that message using the using the washroom and was this a hidden writing technique that you used yes i i had an extra sheet of chemically treated paper which was used for secret writing and i used that in in the washroom there was a internal struggle inside him i was torn about apart i was pro-soviet i believe in the soviet system and here i was working for the fbi the enemy of my country i i just couldn't live with the idea uh of uh between the soviet union are you still pro-soviet well definitely not so what changed you i don't understand how you've changed or why it changed that's a that's a very long process something that doesn't happen overnight this is the kgb blue book where tuomi is listed under his soviet name in it he is named as an enemy of the fatherland but even a spy caught and turned finds it difficult to be parted from his country because of the family your own family that you had over in the soviet yes i i had a wife and i had three children otherwise coming to back the united states that that's the greatest thing that ever happened to me have you ever heard from your former wife or your children no i haven't heard from them since 1963 [Music] on november 15 1979 sir anthony blunt a distinguished british art historian and the art advisor to the queen was stripped of his knighthood what happens now a shocked house of commons had been told by the prime minister mrs thatcher that blunt had been a soviet agent while at cambridge university in the 30s he acted as a talent spotter for the soviets and later while a member of british intelligence he continued to pass information to the russians by remaining silent about his friends involved in spying he was directly responsible for exposing british agents and operations in the mid 1930s it seemed to me and to many of my contemporaries that the communist party and russia constituted the only firm bulwark against fascism since the western democracies were taking an uncertain and compromising attitude towards germany i was persuaded by guy burgess that i could best serve the cause of anti-fascism by joining him in his work for the russians this was a case of political conscience against loyalty to country i chose conscience when later i realized the two facts about russia i was prevented from taking any action by personal loyalty i could not denounce my friends cambridge university in the 1930s where young men were recruited to rise up quietly to the highest ranks of the british establishment while secretly working for the soviets these were the moles the most notorious was kim philby who rose to be a senior officer in mi6 the british intelligence agency as liaison officer with the cia filby was well placed to relay vital western secrets to the soviets since 1963 filby has lived in moscow and is a colonel in the kgb his tip-offs were to cost many western agents their lives donald mclean and guy burgess were working for the foreign office and both were friends of philby they also worked for the soviets until they fled to moscow in 1952 as head of the american department mclean had access to these top secret briefs of president truman's assurances to then british prime minister atlee that american threats to use the atomic bomb in the korean war would never be carried out this valuable information went straight to mclean's soviet handlers but there were many americans also involved in similar activities in the 1930s nathaniel weil was one of thousands of young americans who decided that the fascism of hitler's germany was the true enemy and that communism was the answer he became a secret party member who took his orders from the soviets while working for the u s government we were to rise into positions of as much power as we could in the government to influence the government in a socialist or communist direction and so that in the event of our victory will be trained men to take over a major governmental test seen here at a government conference in the 30s nathaniel weil was just one of many americans secretly working for the soviets within the u.s government we were to sever all connections with known communists abruptly and instantly we were not to uh express left-wing views under any circumstances and if we saw people who seemed to us likely recruits we would bring the name before the group where this would be discussed but we would have no further contact with that person in other words a decision would be made and then some entirely different person would make this the approach thus preserving the clandestine nature of the cell harry dexter white assistant secretary of the u.s treasury during the war years was entrusted with the responsibility for all treasury policy bearing on foreign relations he was also a soviet mole in his sensitive position he was not only well placed to pass on intelligence material but to influence policy decisions as well under soviet instructions white drafted a plan for treasury secretary henry morgenthau one of franklin delano roosevelt's closest advisors which was presented to the allies gathered at the quebec conference in september in 1944 dismissed as ill conceived by winston churchill and the chiefs of staff the morganthop plan called for the total de-industrialization of germany after the war under the pretext of permanently disabling german militarism it received wide publicity particularly in germany where adolf hitler faced opposition from his own officer corps and had recently survived an unsuccessful bomb plot on his life from amongst their numbers in the face of advancing allied armies german propagandists called for determined opposition as the only alternative to the grim future offered by the morgenthal plan germany was to be shattered no matter [Music] what early end to the war would have interfered with the soviets plans in late 1944 their forces were still far to the east but by may 1945 when germany finally surrendered all of eastern europe poland czechoslovakia hungary yugoslavia bulgaria east germany and romania were in their sphere of influence harry dexter white's influence on behalf of the soviets was not restricted to the european theater of battle in china the soviets were supporting mao tektung in his battle against both the japanese and the nationalist chinese forces of chiang kai-shek in 1943 president roosevelt agreed to lend chiang's armies 500 million dollars for their fight against the japanese and agreed to immediately deliver 200 billion dollars in gold but white's personal control over the chinese currency stabilization program enabled him to ignore the declared policy of roosevelt and congress and delay the gold shipments the chinese economy continued to collapse paving the way for the eventual takeover by the communists there were others lachlan curry was president roosevelt's personal emissary to the nationalist chinese yet he too was secretly working with the soviets to destabilize nationalist china but it was not until a few years later that a shocked nation learned the extent of soviet penetration when elizabeth bentley a soviet spy and courier testified before a u.s senate committee we were getting information from the army particularly the air corps from the treasury from the state department from the oss from the ciaa the rockefeller committee from the owr oh yeah i did not didn't i named the treasure yes war production board yes from the war production board from the war manpower commission i think that about covers it senator [Music] she revealed that she had passed to the soviets inside white house information that lachlan curry had given to her he did pass on the information that the american government was just about to break the soviet code what happened i relayed that to the russians they wanted to know which code which i couldn't obviously tell but elizabeth bentley named harry dexter white as the man who did the most damage in his appearance before a u s congressional committee he denied he had ever been a communist two days later he died of a heart attack all these people were accused by former soviet spy masters of being espionage agents of the soviet government as it may must assume that today the situation is worse since all of our security is broken down [Music] so the greatest act of soviet espionage was the operation to acquire the information needed to build the atomic bomb in 1953 efo and julius rosenberg were executed for relaying atomic information to the soviets but by far the most important secrets were obtained from highly placed agents working directly on the top secret manhattan project british diplomat donald mclean photographed classified documents at atomic energy headquarters for the russians klaus fuchs a german scientist infiltrated the manhattan project in los alamos new mexico these two were the key operatives passing the latest developments to the soviets [Music] fuchs served less than 10 years in a british jail and left for a hero's welcome and the top scientific post in east germany espionage is a critical area of operations for the kgb department t uses business fronts trade delegations and exchange programs as covers to acquire america's scientific and industrial knowledge many american campuses are host to large numbers of soviet scientists the universities are often the site of secret scientific research in areas of industrial and military significance for ten years professor robert burns of indiana university ran the academic exchange program between the soviet union and the united states for what purposes have soviets been in this country well very clearly to get access to emergency american science and technology very often to get access to particular fields in which they are especially weak one of my colleagues in the sixties made a study of kossigan and kassigan's speech identifying their shortcomings and the list of soviet scholars who came to the next united states in the next few years the list dovetailed perfectly this year the soviets tried to send 19 people in very highly classified fields in order to get around the restrictions that we placed on exporting equipment after the invasion of afghanistan an examination of the list of u.s scholars in the soviet union is revealing it shows without exception that the topics studied are all in the humanities history literature and the arts the soviets do not allow us to study the 20th century in all of the 20 years of the 22 years of the exchange program we have not sent anyone to the soviet union to study the things in which many americans are most interested but the soviets studying in the us are enrolled in virtually every strategically important area of research being carried out lasers microcircuitry and ceramics all subjects that have applications to spacecraft missiles and weapons aimed at the united states but while the soviet scholars are welcomed with academic courtesy in north america the same is not true of western scholars in the soviet union i made a study of the exchanges from 1958 through 1975 and something like 20 of the american participants in the major program were affected by the kgb in one way or another obviously followed in some cases harassed and intimidated in a few cases seduced and put under pressures to provide information about fellow students or about american embassy officials one victim of the kgb's manipulation of exchange programs was canadian professor johann kernigstein targeted because of his expertise with laser technology department t of the kgb often works closely with the gru soviet military intelligence whose objective is to acquire military technology while visiting the soviet union professor kunigstein was involved with the female operative of the kgb galena nusinova returning to ottawa he met with yuri usati of the gru who convinced him to take a laser along on his next visit without filing the proper export authorization forms because in my opinion it was like taking a book with me or something like that because if you took it because why did you take it over well to do these experiments they had to be doing i didn't want to do all that routine kind of research not all technology is gained by academic exchanges many north american companies are approached on a commercial basis by the kgb heiko a vancouver firm built the pisces the most advanced deep sea submersible in the world as the soviets lagged far behind the west in deep sea technology they were anxious to obtain the submersible so haiko was approached by a kgb agent named sagalovic working for department t but heiko was forbidden to export its product to the soviet union because the pisces utilized secret welding techniques used on u.s atomic submarines in order to avoid the export ban the submersible was sent part by part to switzerland where it was assembled and tested off the coast of italy it was then sent to the soviet union giving them instant parity with the west department t of the kgb often devises intricate schemes using third party nationals to act as middlemen to illegally avoid export bans placed on strategic technology peter verag a montreal lawyer recently entered into an export deal involving sophisticated computer equipment aware the equipment would require special export licenses if destined for other countries virag arranged for the equipment to be initially exported to canada he then illegally re-exported the computer equipment to european centers where his partner sent it on to final destinations behind the iron curtain this man mark andre de geiter is a belgian with business ties in the soviet union through bribery he tried to obtain a computer source code valuable to the soviet military because it simplifies computer operations thus reducing the size of the computer required but the transfer of american technology to the soviets is not only accomplished by the subterfuges of the kgb much of it is done openly or as lenin had predicted when the time comes to hang the capitalists they will be eager to sell us the road a texas company has sold the soviets devices known as array processors which are now being used on soviet killer submarines the array processors interpret underwater signals and target the locations of other submarines in corona california the principles of spar optical research incorporated were convicted of exporting copper water-cooled mirrors to europe for re-shipment to the soviet union these mirrors are essential to particle beam and laser research and the soviet military is now closer to achieving the ability to destroy vital communication satellites a new england firm in 1972 sold the soviets their product one of the most advanced ball bearing manufacturing machines in the world the miniature ball bearings are essential to the successful launch of multiple warheads from a single missile americans have also provided the soviets with the technology critical to the guidance systems that greatly increase the accuracy of soviet missiles dr miles kostik is a washington-based defense analyst the acquisition of american inertial guidance technology which consists of three different technologies has enabled soviets to abridge a tremendous gap in the circular error probable namely precision of on target develop delivery of their missiles when they started they were about three miles of the target and this was not so long ago about eight years ago but now the soviet missiles are accurate to within six hundred feet of american missile silos in order to overcome this increased soviet accuracy the mx missile system has been proposed it is the largest construction program in the history of mankind with missiles on movable carriers and that new missile which is the amex missile system will cost us 60 to 100 billion dollars strictly to offset the advantages which soviet acquired to their scientific and industrial espionage in the united states [Music] main purpose is a former kgb agent follows the statement of a very ancient chinese philosopher sanjay who was born 500 years bc before jesus christ who said something to the effect that fighting war on the battlefield is the most stupid and primitive way of fighting a war the highest art of warfare is not to fight at all but to subvert anything of value in your enemies country be it moral traditions religion respect to your authority and leaders cultural traditions anything put white against black old against young i don't know wealthy against poor and so on doesn't matter as long as it disturbs society as long as it cuts the moral fiber of a nation it's good and then you just take this country when everything is subverted but the country is disoriented and confused when it is demoralized and then destabilized then the crisis will come within the kgb is a department that specializes in planting false stories and forged documents to distort others perception of reality it is the department that deals in disinformation department a of the kgb set up and controls the disinformation department of czech intelligence ladislav bitman was deputy director of that department when he was with czech intelligence uh this information can have a variety of forms it's basically an information deliberately misleading that is leaked through variety of channels to the opponent to deceive him to deceive the decision-makers in the united states or germany or britain or it can be a disinformation to deceive the public opinion around the world or in a specific country you've got to be fairly good at this when you're with czech intelligence didn't you unfortunately i have to admit yes one of bittman's audacious schemes was to recover phony nazi storage chests from a czechoslovakian lake the chests were filled with genuine gestapo and ss documents supplied by the kgb and specifically chosen to rekindle animosity towards the germans decades after world war ii and i was a member of the diving team and when i talked with few people in the service about this we came to the conclusion that this is a very good opportunity to play and play a dirty game against west germany that we would actually put something on the bottom of the lakes and make it a big discovery so we prepared several german chests supposedly they were thrown into the lakes by germans who were just fleeing czechoslovak territory the cases were brought from the bottom in front of television cameras the documents were then displayed in an elaborate press conference aimed at weakening the solidarity of the nato allies it was quite successful in italy in france in austria the press of these countries published them and basically the tone was anti-german look what these german bastards did to us during the war and made and there are so many who are still living in germany who are the major targets of the disinformation campaign that you were waging i understand there was two or three major yeah well uh the target number one is of course the united states uh it is called the enemy number one or the main enemy it's always used in that one that is the official term for the united states then the second major target was the nato alliance and the goal was the objective was to work toward the dissolution of nato with the hope that after some few years the the the tension within the organization would reach such a stage such a level that nato would stop existing [Music] nato was formed in post-war europe as a political and military alliance against the soviets but its most effective opposition now comes not from soviet armies but from soviet disinformation which continually attempts to turn one nato ally against another each one of these papers appears to be a leaked us government document but they're all forgeries designed to sow dissension within nato this document made damaging remarks supposedly from former president carter about both greece and turkey this is a phony intelligence report on european left wingers this is a forged nato document claiming to devise ways of getting support for the neutron bomb a forged confidential state department memo advocating economic espionage by america on her own allies many forgeries have been directed against anwar sadat a confidential u.s memo claiming his time is up or false reports on former vice president mondale's remarks that neither sadat nor begin are viable leaders there have been forgeries released to show american suppression of islam the religion of its oil suppliers yet perhaps the most successful soviet disinformation attack was on the kgb's main competition the cia it began with an agreement in the mid 60s between the east german and czech intelligence services [Music] the two disinformation departments again under the supervision of these soviets decided to start a long-term operation against the cia making life as hard as possible for cia that is to to label many american diplomats politicians cultural representatives abroad as cia agents and paralyze their positions specifically in 1966 that the first major operation was to prepare a book which this divorce is called cia the book who's who in cia was the beginning of the exposes that seriously undermined american intelligence capabilities for almost a decade so powerful was the impact of this book that is imitators like philip agee's covert action information bulletin frequently refer to it as source material as do other major news sources it was used as a source in this abc nightly news television broadcast in november 1980 claiming that the reverend jim jones had a secret cia associate before the guyana massacre this man richard dwyer is the focal point of many of the questions surrounding the possible cia involvement at jonestown he's a career diplomat who served in sensitive posts throughout the mideast two years ago he was the deputy mission chief in guyana he is listed as a cia agent in a publication that for years has specialized in such allegations the cia denies the accusation but it was ladislav bittman who was one of the real authors of who's who in cia and although it was not published under his name the book received exactly the attention he hoped it would shortly after coming to the united states i found this book in many bookstores i have it at home uh and it it for example it was quoted by the uh covert action bulletin or is this aeg's group the group yes that's right one of the major sources of information about cia man that's of course that's ironic because that is a communist disinformation constantin hanf is a new york-based journalist for polish language newspapers in north america when he decided to expose communist agents in the us the long reach of the kgb influenced his life 76 we started a wave of exposure of soviet and polish companies intelligence network especially here in new york we exposed agents mostly working around the united nations what agents were these who are they working for 40 kgb a polish communist intelligence service which is actually nothing but an arm of kgb2 shortly after his expose of the kgb in new york hans stories were published in a heavily ethnic area in winnipeg several thousand miles to the west by the weekly newspaper chass the polish times in july 1978 on a day the paper had not planned to publish a bizarre edition of the weekly was put into circulation with articles and semi-nude photos designed to offend its conservative and older readership it was done in a very clever way you know because the look of it was exactly the same as we would have printed you know but some things struck us right away for example right on the front pages that uh beautifully breasted women you know which we wouldn't have never put into a paper simply for the same for different reasons you know but our readers are mostly middle-aged people you would never dream of doing kind of thing like that you know inside the paper we have a picture of one of our correspondents in the uniform of german verma you know and the letter supposedly written by a jewish writer referring to our journalist uh contributed to the paper mr hunt as a war criminal not a war criminal the funny part of it is that uh when the war ended he was about 18 years old you know and yet they said that he was high-ranking officer you know that he has killed so many jews and this and that you know and there's another article portraying uh mr hanov as an agent of uh you take it kgb cia fbi everything under the sun it has become a classic case of soviet block disinformation on a very personal level the charges against hamp were also made in a letter supposedly written by the jewish defense league of new york and the letter was sent out to advertisers of the newspaper informing them that chauce was harboring a nazi war criminal i am polished from my belief and from my birth and from my persuasion i would say but my father was a german so my uh engagement in the in the america in the german army was not incidental actually because how long were you in the german army and just what did you do i was a regular soldier i was drafted in march of 44 march 1944 yes when i was 17 and a half of age and in february of 17 of 45 i was captured by the soviets the accusing letter was revealed to be a forgery when the real jewish defense league examined this and declared it had not been written on their stationary and also that they had never accused mr hanf of any war crimes what effect would this have had on your readership what effect did this have on your advertisers i mean what was it well obviously uh i think the main aim was to stop chas being published and have the same editorial policy as it was you know since mr brockowski took over and they want that i'm sure to create panic on the board of directors so that you would fire him and get some really uh headed fellow you know which would be a little bit softer on communism yeah there is a long-term plan and strategy how to uh how to frighten prominent exercise who are politically active or organizations that are very uh an anti-soviet or anti-communist so and i have to admit that this is a relatively an easy thing to do why because most exiles most refugees or immigrant immigrants have some kind of relations with the mother country with the people with the relatives there and they they can be even blackmailed because imagine that you have a mother there and somebody comes and says so if you don't cooperate or if you if you continue speaking against us your mother will have a very tough life my dear friend [Music] foreign [Music] you

Channel: npatou

Views: 581,269

Keywords: communist operatives in america, The KGB Connections, kgb connections, kgb documentary, kgb officer in america, kgb agents in america, soviet, espionage, the kgb documentary, soviet union, communist spy, Yuri Bezmenov, russian sleeper agents in usa, russian operatives in america, kgb, soviet espionage, kgb spies, soviet spies cold war, kgb vs cia, soviet spies, espionage ussr, spy documentary, kgb agents, soviet kgb, russia, the 20th century time machine, cia, kgb spy

Id: mZuHcPnni14

Length: 130min 54sec (7854 seconds)

Published: Sun Sep 24 2017