The Ultra Enigma | Secrets Of War (WWII Documentary) | Timeline

next on secrets of war throughout the 20th century great nations and ideologies have battled in every corner of the globe in a secret war in the minds of men in World War two one of Germany's best-kept secrets was an enigma but this covert weapon would also become one of the greatest tools the Allies used against the Third Reich the story of the ultra enigma is next on secrets of war [Music] after the first world war Germany was a nation surrounded by former enemies the Versailles Treaty limited the Germans to a standing army of only 100,000 men no tanks and no combat aircraft Germany had to come up with a way to mobilize so that fewer men could do the job of a much larger army the German leadership was forced to rely on things that could not be limited by treaty engineering design automation combustion engine coupled with a strategic system of railways and roads the motor vehicle was the means to move forces from one side of the country to the other an obscure German officer Heinz Guderian studied British and French theories of armored warfare while most generals believed that tank should be dispersed along the front and used only in infantry support Guderian devised a new doctrine the Panzer Corps a radical new idea to employ high speed tanks and mechanized infantry combined with mobile artillery and close air support and all the units would have the same speed in the field as the tank Guderian became known as a tank commander but he was first to signal's officer to coordinate his revolutionary doctrine of rapid tactical maneuver every tank was outfitted with radio the dive bombers will form and flying artillery directed to work in harmony with ground forces through good radio communications the real secret is speed speed of attack through a speed of communications general Gerhardt milk Secretary of State for air at sea radio was even more indispensable the German Navy realized that he couldn't win any future war against Great Britain by beating them at sea with battleships it had to strangle Great Britain and it could only do this with submarines then a young officer Carl Durr Nets took over command in the u-boats donuts realized that the only way in which the u-boats could work effectively against the convoy was in concerted action u-boats would transmit reports turn-ins would coordinate the naval campaign from land using radio with all units under radio control commanders could exploit the changing battlefield the secret weapon of the blitzkrieg the lightning war would be radio it was also its secret weakness the enemy would be listening [Music] [Applause] the Germans had paid dearly for Cryptologic failure in the past early in World War one the German light crews of the Magdeburg ran aground in the Baltic Sea the Russians near whose territory this was captured this ship and found in it the German Navy's secret codebook a Russian destroyer was dispatched to bring the book to London to the First Sea Lord Winston Churchill the British used it to decode German naval messages throughout the war and bottle up the German fleet in the battles of dogger Bank and Jutland the British exploited their secret knowledge the unexpected presence of the English leads to the conclusion that the encounter was not a matter of chance but that our plan in some way or other had got to the knowledge of the english admiral scheer commander in chief of the german high seas fleet in 1925 Churchill published his history of world war one and made a blunder he would later regret he gave away the secret that the Allies had broken the German codes the Germans upon reading this realized that code books were too vulnerable to use in modern warfare to command the Vermont the war machine and machines beed that they needed a code machine a truth protecting machine a machine to obscure the machine to puzzle in Berlin the German engineer arthur scherbius demonstrated an encoding machine available on the commercial market he named it after a haunting composition by the British composer Sir Edward Elgar the Enigma Variations enigma cipher machine had a row of typewriter keys which you pressed to put the message into code it ran through a current and emerged as lit up letters on a screen so you pressed an AI would come a cue you'd press an a again I would come an X and so forth the heart of the machine was a wired code wheel it continues turning 26 times each time you're pressing a a different letter will come out next to this wired code will you have another one so that when this one like the odometer on your car turns over one turn for one revolution then the next one turns over one space you can then have 26 times 26 times 26 a 17,000 and change number of combinations before those sequence of letters repeats the problem for the decoder is not just finding the original wiring but determining which rotors are in which position and what starting position and there are a number of other combinations so this is an enormous ly complicated and very wide ranging problem you can keep changing these cylinders and keep changing the codes constantly so that even if the enemy managed to start to crack a message by the time the enemy has cracked a message the purpose of the message is all gone the power of the Enigma was in the vast number of crypto variables or different combinations of encoding possibilities that it could generate with only five variable components a plugboard three ordered rotors each with 26 starting positions a movable ring on each rotor and a reflector half rotor the number of these possible configurations was a figure so large that it had no name except 3 times 10 to the 114 power by comparison it is estimated that there are only 10 to the 79th power atoms in the entire observable universe this gave the Germans confidence in their machine as the Nazis gained power this common enemy drew British and French intelligence together but the poles surrounded and outnumbered at a special need-to-know German intentions polish intelligence went on high alert it monitored all forms of German communications including the man about 1913 there was a parcel sent from Germany to Warsaw to the German consul there that was Saturday passes and not delivered so the Polish intelligence was informed about this it was a code machine an enigma and they only had it for 48 hours they make all possible copies photographs of cetera but this that the Germans will not know that the package was opened and it was delivered to German consul on Monday morning the poles had the insight that machine codes could be broken by mathematicians they asked a promising young student marian rejewski to look into the enigma a decoding job seems to me one of the most difficult laborious and both boring and thrilling things that you can do you're looking at a sea of numbers or letters they make absolutely no sense what you're trying to do is find little patterns there German messages were often transmitted on the same radio net each command had different keys before encoding the sender set his three rotors to a setting from the key list chose a wheel setting at random and encrypted the key he then sent the three letters to avoid confusion he sent these key letters twice rejewski so quickly that they were the key this knowledge set up harmonics and mathematical relationships he could exploit the first potential break into enigma triples cryptanalyst risky rayevsky and cigars then a young cat full of ideas because to break something like enigma you have also a vision you have to have imagination the greatest was marian rejewski he produced some very elegant mathematical theories which enabled him to work out which rotors were actually in the machine for a particular transmission but they couldn't decipher the messages because the Germans not being stupid had used different wirings inside the rotors today but those available on the commercial enigma it looked hopeless despite their best efforts the poles couldn't crack the code then the Polish code breakers got a break from an unlikely source in the very shadow or the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin in 1931 a man walked into the French Embassy in Berlin he claimed to be an officer in the Schiff rheostat they German coding office he offered to sell secrets the French were suspicious the man claimed to have documents relating to the Enigma machine the bait was vital enigma could give them a window into the innermost secrets of the German command the German officer was Han Steele effect but what were his motives it could be a propagation a trick he might be there to mislead them or deceive them or to entrap them why would a German officer betray the most closely held secrets of his nation the answer was basic the motive was money the French have signed an agent Colonel Bertrand to look into the man's background they found that Schmitt had an older brother rudolf who commanded the code office [Music] Aveda Pavia World War one had a little bit corrupted a youngish MIT me he was lazy he was not interested in making an honest living he preferred chasing girls to anything else his brother Rudolph owned a job for him in the cipher Center how stylish MIT kept it on Sheila Schmidt was a sordid guy he realized that he had access to the most secret secret he received about 10 million in today's francs an enormous amount it is certain we were dealing with a tough and intelligent man and once he got the money he wanted to quit we had to make him understand that he had entered a world from which there was no escape Bertram quickly photographed the documents when he returned to Paris with the negatives he realized what he had he had the key to ending ma the belt halt went to his own people in the cipher office who studied Lee the documents and said well it's a machine that is impossible to do anything Bertrand offered the secrets to the British but had no more success and the French at that time as had the British had got nowhere was breaking enigma they were trying linguistic attacks which were bound to fail and so leave the French as a gesture of goodwill gave this information to poles not knowing what the poles have been up to Schmidt handed over two sets of keys for two different quarters the last month of the third quarter and the first month of the fourth this gave rejewski what he needed he compared settings in two quarters and found there were three rotors and in different order each quarter with this information for the first time and nygma could be broken but then across the problem was they had to have the keys and part of the foot to set up the machine to break the messages that they would receive in the next year's Schmidt met 34 times with the French he handed over 25 keys his handlers suspected his motives were changing he had studied the Nazis and had joined the Nazi Party to work against it the originals went back into the ship reassure safe the monthly keys found their way to Poland our rejewski could work out the wiring and this was one of the greatest feats of cryptography and it raises the majeski to the top of the pantheon of code breakers so by the beginning of 1932 the poles had actually got the wiring of the enigma rotors they then manufactured copies of the Enigma machine rejewski then designed a machine he called the bomba which used 18 rotors to test the variations the poles had got so good at all this that they were actually breaking 75% of the messages they were intercepting and they kept very very quiet about it what the pose decrypted was terrifying well modern ovambo Minnesota November 1937 Schmidt informed us that a secret meeting had just taken place at the Reich's Chancellery at this meeting Hitler revealed his ambitions in 1938 I want the onsh loose after the Anschluss I want Czechoslovakia then the Sudetenland after the Sudetenland I want Poland after Poland I want to eliminate the Western threat by going to Belgium and the Netherlands and to France he's also drawn a map that shows the territory he wants and this map we've got it thanks to Schmidt we knew it in 1937 what have we done with this information nothing the Germans were preparing for war they turned their attention to the machine they added new keys to the Enigma and then in in 1938 the Germans changed the system which stopped marian rejewski so visional mathematical calculations working but then the Gauss key produced something as called as Zukowski sheets and these were perforated sheets with the grill method by passing light through multiple stacked sheets constants in the code were instantly recognized but then the Germans introduced two more rotors it was too much for the poles suddenly they realized they needed help delegation from France and delegation from Great Britain was invited to the small village Peary not far from Warsaw and polish Crypt analyst presented each delegation with one enigma built in Poland as the British in the French spirited the enigmas out of Poland on steelo's net issued a final warning a rondelle me a massage kill over here come sir one of the last messages he sent was in the form of a map with invisible ink in June of 1939 he wrote watch out at the end of August I thought your affair would say if I die at daybreak on September 1st 1939 Betts freed was no longer just a theory tank divisions exploded into Poland the Luftwaffe pounded airfields supply lines Britain and France declared war on Germany polish cavalry attacks German tanks Warsaw spring 1940 as blitzkrieg threatened Europe the enigmatic battle was joined in England in a small railway Junction town midway between Oxford and Cambridge Bletchley Park known as station X was secret headquarters for the government code and cypher school the members of G C and C s also called themselves the Golf Club and chess society the British approach is to gather in Bletchley Park outside of London everybody they can think of who might be able to contribute to code breaking they're going to get mathematicians people who know how to break the crossword puzzle and the times they are going to get Daffy kind of people who are eccentric and wander around but they've got good brains so in a sense you've got the two cultures one of the machine that's distrustful of human beings and you've got the British society saying hmm well we'll get these funny guys from Oxford together and they'll come up with something they could put arey all around I started listening to German radio transmissions they soon realized it wasn't a pretty bright idea to have aerials all over a site wanted to keep secret so they move the listening out to the so called y station as the intercept stations all over the country the young mathematician Gordon welchman studied the intercepts different keys suggested different radio webs different command structures he charted the intercepts started to finds context to build a picture of the nets and keys meanwhile Harry Hinsley a young Cambridge student analyzed the traffic once the German radio network that had to extend itself along the Norwegian coast usually after the occupation of Norway he became much more volatile you know its behavior I began to to very much more than previously I began to be able to forecast naval movements because behaviour of this trade signal system is so strange that I had no doubt that it meant the movement of big ships out of the Baltic and nothing so so startling that happened before spoke to men in the operational intelligence center and said do something there is something going to move out of the body big stuff Hinsley was a 21 year old undergraduate Bletchley wasn't supposed to do intelligence work only encrypt analysis and he listened very patiently groped my comments in their war diary but he wouldn't take it further anyway they took no action to battlecruisers john hawkes organizer now went up the coach sank the glorious without any warning she didn't have time to make a signal and the first we heard about you were from the german radio broadcast well you can imagine the results of that on the relations between us on the Admiralty Bletchley was learning to combine signals intelligence with traffic analysis and with what they called cribs it's not the psycho system if the humans round the outside that caused the problem and this was very much the case with the Germans they were very slipshod and they used very slap-happy ways of sending messages in particular of selecting message keys on the favorite people eventually Park here was some poor German every week he set his enigma rotors to the letter star position wal and then turned them to the message key K L a and after a while they worked out this was Valtor and his girlfriend's name was Clara that's how he remembered it every major command would send a birthday greeting to Hitler suddenly several hundred Air ground and naval commands would be sending encrypted messages to Berlin congratulating Hitler on his birthday this gave them fantastic numbers of cribs now crib is known plaintext in modern terms where from other inferences you can guess pretty well what the the text was which was used to incite for this particular message [Music] [ __ ] hunting was it was a major exercise here and it started as soon as you got began to get traffic in it was a continuous race against time every second counted a hundred percent accuracy couldn't make any mistakes I remember for example working for 36 hours of a stretch on one or two occasions and being unaware of any fatigue I found it enormous fun the Germans changed the key every night at midnight and if you could break one or two messages on that key then you were in to the holes of transmission for the rest of those 24 hours a crib was a glimpse into the Enigma crack in the armor now they must throw all their forces into the breach and what they come up with is we've got to get a machine that will crack that machine the machine the British set out to build was first imagined by an eccentric mathematical genius in 1936 Alan Turing wrote a paper on the compute ability of numbers and created something new Turing was the first to bring scientific method into it at all and that he followed through with the whole theory of probability and statistics which was applied to all the aspects of the high-level work he was brilliant there's no question about that and of course he had these eccentric behavior like like a lot of people but it was a bit extreme in him there are certain things that Turing did which did annoy people he didn't say hello to people when he saw them first thing in the morning on the basis that he actually said hello than the day before and he reached by made any difference with the Sun had broken again Turing wandered around Bletchley wearing his gas mask it aided his hay fever but added to his eccentric legend he would see through the heart of a problem that's a great gift to be able to get right to the heart of a problem it was the incidence problem the question of whether there is some mathematical method to learn the truth to break a code cribs and brakes had reduced practical possibilities generated by an ik module ten to the 23rd power only one hundred thousand billion billion the problem is in this enormous range of 10 to the 20 possibilities to find the one which gives use of the solution and you got to find that quickly it needs some very clever logical ideas to eliminate huge numbers of those possibilities he came up with a very I think very brilliant idea and that was that from a contradiction you can deduce everything Turing's idea is not to find the right answer but the wrong ones a wrong answer would give an infinite number of solutions if you got infinite solutions the answer must be wrong one could identify these and eliminate them if you imagine this is a being a search tree where you have a peak and you go down to 210 220 it leaves at the bottom of this then prior best knowledge was work your way down this tree looking for the one solution which gave the answer cheering said no that isn't the way to do it what you do is you prune off all the branches that it can't possibly be right and then you're left with a possible number of solutions you then got to investigate with human brain power the idea of first eliminating wrong answers was useless and would take years but touring attempted to model the mind as machine in which thoughts could be broken down into small tasks and attacked step-by-step in machine logic this obscure revolutionary thought would not only have the greatest effect the war but in ways not yet imagined on future civilization touring then took the idea of the Polish bomba and developed it into the Turing bomb with dozens of rotors this machine rapidly churned through all key possibilities wrong ones would churn on and on possible keys that couldn't be proven wrong the bomb would stop Crypt analysts set this potential key into the Enigma machine and typed in the intercepted code if plaintext decrypt came out they had broken the key they were in and they reckoned in hot 6 and hot 8 they hadn't done very well if they hadn't broken it by three o'clock in the morning and the bogey time for breaking enigma key was 14 minutes when you combine Nazi stupidity with the German love of good order you again get something which is very vulnerable because it meant not only did they send out these great statements of their marvelous victories each day but they sent them out at the same time each day so we could identify not only did they send them out at the same time each day but they sent them out on every channel so if we were reading one cipher we would get four clear and we would use that clear to obtain key for another cipher in the spring of 1940 the Allies were starting to break the codes but without the ability to act on what they'd learned there was little they could do [Music] although they declared it the British were not prepared for war on land blitzkrieg paused soldiers settled down to the sits Creek the phoney war at sea the war was not so funny death and destruction stormed the North Atlantic in the longest battle of the war in the Atlantic Admiral Karl dönitz as u-boats threatened the lifeline of the Allies Churchill was always aware of this was the critical issue if Britain had lost the Battle of the Atlantic we would simply have had to resign we just would have to give up in this critical battle the naval enigma with a special keying system could not be read and the idea that touring constantly pressed on me you cannot get into this neighborhood neighbor unless we can get some external material that was enough that was enough Hinsley himself came up with the answer Germans kept two little trawlers on station in the Arctic one off Greenland one off Northern Iceland for weather reporting I discovered that row positions which were always the same that they were on station for seven eight weeks and that they carried the enigma believe it or not even in those little trawlers doing nothing but report whether they had the only one and I guessed I knew that if they were out for eight weeks they had to have more than one months setting sheet the current setting sheet would be on the operator in tears and he had a bucket of water next to his desk if he will boil it he puts the setting sheet in the bucket and the amine cram but the next month's would be in their safe Hinsley called the Admiralty destroyers steamed out of scapa flow just when the Sun was coming up boarding party on board before the boys but awake our man down to the signaling office and the captain's cabin engineer breaks the safe they come to the trawler back to scuttle flow the German crew in Canada in very secure premises where they won't be able to report that they'd be boarded using beautiful job nice sweet operation every morning 8 o'clock in the morning regular as clockwork he would come up this is weather station breast reporting at Oh 800 you put that on Turing machines and out comes the setting for the day they were in to the naval enigma using it now offensively we simply hammered the u-boats their life was a misery a lot of oohs it they are busy we were informed by Schmidt about the German commands intention to penetrate Belgium and advance to France right through the our den suite develop a new TD someplace easy more French intelligence reported Schmidt's warning to the High Command the response was disbelief c'est pas possible they said it is not possible that an armored force the ver macht could cross the our den it is not possible possible but it was for tanks and mechanized punster forces the hills and valleys of the art data presented no barrier the Nazi blitzkrieg advanced in two pincers into the Low Countries in France the British Expeditionary Force was cut off in the Channel coast it would take only a few days to destroy the British forces then Bletchley broke an intercept with operator mistakes in the German air force which was very badly trained as English we broke the German air force either on the radio net an argument raged Field Marshal Hermann Goering boasted that his Luftwaffe would destroy the enemy Panzer generals pleaded for permission to attack but hoping for a negotiated peace Hitler ordered his generals to hold through enigma intercepts the British knew they had time time to mount operation dynamo time to evacuate Dunkirk [Applause] [Music] now the Germans were poised for operation sea lion the invasion of the British Isles but first they must gain control of the skies first they must defeat the Royal Air Force Churchill spoke to the nation never of course a common endeavor has so much been over it by so many to so few not so few as was thought the Battle of Britain was the RAS finest hour but Churchill knew and could not disclose that the secret army at Bletchley was growing nearly 10,000 people were now hard at work breaking enigma the fall of France army messages went to more secure ground lines but Luftwaffe intercepts revealed German thinking on the Channel coast the Germans were lengthening runways for an air assault on Britain in August Goering --zz message to his troops decrypted as Adler talked eagle day something was up but what [Music] then on August 13th a Luftwaffe bombers stream appeared roaring down the Thames eager vain and all-out assault on London was designed to break the will of the British RAF fighters swarmed the first wave of bombers and rearmed to meet the second the bombers broke off the attack and fled to the surprise Germans it appeared that the number of British fighters was inexhaustible the Germans lost heart in September enigma broke a momentous message Hitler had ordered the removal of invasion support craft Britain had held off the vaunted Luftwaffe decrypted enigma intercepts now codenamed ultra started to play a part in an offensive strategy and as you could imagine ultra which was the product of the Enigma had to be distributed and used with him in Scare at every command post there was a Bletchley train signal and decipher up till they did the signalling took the decrypt across to the intelligence staff stood over it till he was finished with collecting it back burned it it was very important that the field commanders understood and they were expressly commanded by Churchill that they were to take no action which could give away to the Axis forces that the information had come from ultra you knew from altar that there was a shipping and air you won the sink you would try to have an airplane show up near that ship that they would see drop out of the clouds so that look out so we've been spotted by an allied aircraft so when it got torpedo to her attack later they didn't know it was because we broke an encrypted message in North Africa signal security was critical Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was reading a broken American code which revealed British plans informed by ultra and by captured documents of the breach and the Americans changed their code Rommels legendary intuitive strategy waived we got the army ultra enough of it just in time to enable general Auchinleck to keep Rommel out of Cairo every time Rommel Glenn I'll get through there you see Morgan that could get get his forces just in time if it hadn't been for that ground intelligence plus the resources that we were destroying the German gonna walk you back Kyra Montgomery used ultra in a grand deception at El Alamein which led Rommel to attack into a British trap [Music] part of the British objective was to supply them with false information about the nature of strategy that magic word the misleading reminds of Hitler became a major industry for a very elegant industry to Churchill depended on ultra he demanded daily decodes while beneath the London pavement it's stories gate near the secret underground cabinet war rooms a new covert organization was formed the London controlling section was created to coordinate planning interception of enigma propagation of ultra and deception would be integrated into one grand strategy summed up in words attributed to both Churchill and to Joseph Stalin in war the truth is so precious that it must always be surrounded by a bodyguard of lies [Music] 19:42 in North Africa the Allies battled back but suddenly without warning in the sea war turned against them first of February 42 we lost the u-boats Admiral donitz had introduced the four-rotor naval enigma and a new system of keys he starts the second phase now with even more you both with big array the losses starting up to absolutely stupendous levels higher than ever before Bletchley named Genesis new key shock and his losses mounted attacted desperately for eight long months they failed then in September 1942 the British destroyer petard found a German sub in the Mediterranean debts charges brought it to the surface as the crew abandoned ship in the you five five nine foundered a three british sailors dove into the sinking sub and granted the codes only one sailor got out anthony fastened and colin greasier went down with the boat but the british had the keys in november Bletchley broke back into an England into shock but in 1943 yet another cipher machine appeared which encoded and transmitted simultaneously by teletype it was much faster and used at the highest level of Nazi command the machine was called de Hamish rivaled secret writer the British called the code fish the British used their experience with enigma they attempted to break fish again it was serious procedural errors on the part of the German operators inadvertently in ciphering two messages using the same key Turing's bombe was electromechanical don't break the new codes they would have to build hundreds of pounds they needed something faster then you did the speed of electrons they needed an electronic device to break the secret writer the Bletchley Group created the world's first electronic computer Colossus it came online just in time for d-day with that cipher available as well as the enigma we gradually were able to build up knowledge about the German forces opposing landing we had the whole strategic and tactical picture of the German plans and dispositions for throwing off the invasion Eisenhower embraced ultra and made deception a key to his d-day strategy a phantom army under General George Patton was created to convince the Germans that the invasion would come at the pas-de-calais the fact that we knew what the Germans were thinking and what they were saying and how many of these messages were being accepted enabled us to very much better plan this operation and carry out the deception [Music] persuaded that the Normandy landing was only a feint Hitler held back his forces until it was too late ultra aided in the breakout at the Falaise pocket in Normandy some Germans were suspicious the Allies were too prepared to intuitive to lucky the Germans were reluctant to face reality the coding officers found it difficult to admit to themselves to their chiefs and to the Fuhrer that everything they'd done was worthless [Music] instead they believed the more obvious that the Allies had penetrated the high command to the Nazis humans could be weak but their war machine was infallible because of this arrogance because they despised us so much they held us in such contempt they couldn't think that we the internment the sub race could possibly be deciphering messages in ciphered by the ubermensch the super race I mean it was us contrary for their own philosophy and thank goodness for that to the end of the thousand-year right which less than 12 years the Germans entrusted their most secret plans to enigma they never caught on [Music] the Enigma of enigma is why the Allies were able to break it the machine cipher was considered unsolvable the Germans devoted great organizational skill to safeguarding their secrets yet the safeguard itself and the supreme faith placed in it by its creators became one of the most powerful weapons in the allied arsenal many factors combined a break enigma desperate polls created new mathematical theories a German officer turned traitor tired soldiers gave out keys brilliant minds came together at Bletchley Park but perhaps the most important element was the character of the Nazis themselves [Music] the Nazi tyranny did not encourage free thought the Allies were able to identify and put their best minds into cryptology in Germany the best minds did not go into cryptology many of the best minds went into concentration gaps to get rid of so many of your leading intellectuals if you want to conduct a hi-tech war is absolutely stupid the Nazis stifle thought and demanded allegiance to a race of supermen themselves the Nazis were at war with the intellect the best minds worked against them the best minds broke the unbreakable enigma and in the very least shortened the war people sometimes say that ultra won the war this is an exaggeration the war was won by the men in the trenches by the men flying the airplanes by the men manning the ships these were the people who won the war what ultra did was save an awful lot of lives it did so by shortening the war if Hitler won the war he would have dominated the entire earth that was his idea and then his system would have lost it as he had hoped for a thousand years that's what he was after I think people just want to be modest in their claims so they make a claim that is very reasonable it is shortened the war by two years not a safe thought like a saved civilization after the war Winston Churchill wrote a multi-volume history of the conflict he'd learned his lesson well he never mentioned Ultra marian rejewski fled to England during the war after the war from the Polish government he received a few minor medals from the Allies he received no medals no rewards Homs Tilos Schmidt was betrayed by a French agent in 1943 he died in Gestapo hands in 1954 after a conviction related to his homosexuality Alan Turing committed suicide his ideas and the ideas developed by the poles and the cryptographers at Bletchley Park in the heat of a desperate war from the bomba to the bombs to Colossus were the archetypes for perhaps the most important invention of the 20th century that computer [Music]

Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

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Keywords: History, Full Documentary, Documentaries, Full length Documentaries, Documentary, TV Shows - Topic, Documentary Movies - Topic, 2017 documentary, BBC documentary, Channel 4 documentary, history documentary, documentary history, world war 2, world war ii, world war 2 movies, world war ii movies, world war ii d-day, secrets of war season 1, the ultra enigma, third reich documentary bbc, world war two

Id: k9mNRbx6LOM

Length: 50min 51sec (3051 seconds)

Published: Mon Nov 25 2019