【字幕】薩克斯教授（Jeffrey Sachs）：香港有何獨一無二優勢貢獻全球經濟？ 我為何對中國較寬容 卻對美國多批判？ 《大師訪談錄》（2024-01-18）

I'm an economist and I deal a lot increasingly with the international relations Specialists and foreign policy Specialists and they view the world as winners and losers so their big question is who's number one is it the United States or is it China I find this question absurd [Music] frankly [Music] Jeffree [Music] sex you know I think Hong Kong is a remarkable Place uh in economic terms as one of the three or four main financial and trading centers of the world uh and that is uh partly the result of History A Lot the result of uh geography and a lot the result of the very clever leadership of Hong Kong for many decades by many entrepreneurs and uh and uh um government leaders so this is a a unique place and uh as a unique place I think it continues to have a unique role in all the issues that we talked about China uh and Hong Kong specifically will play a huge role in the global transformation to sustainable development so the next decades will require tremendous changes of infrastructure and technology and that will require a tremendous amount of expertise business management and finance and that's where Hong Kong comes in because Hong Kong has all these components to really help the world to achieve the transformation that it needs and so that's good business and a very good contribution to the world as well we are entering an era of new sustainable Finance where Finance is going to play The crucial role in enabling all of the transformations of the Energy System of global agriculture of trade patterns of electric vehicles of smart cities and Hong Kong is very well positioned uh in that and I think for the mainland Hong Kong remains essential for the mainland's prosperity and development and the mainland economy is uh absolutely key for Hong Kong's economic future as well because China is the world's efficient lowcost producer of green infrastructure and so China really is going to be the main exporter of electric vehicles of smart grid systems of 5G and 6G and of many other things and Hong Kong is going to be right there to help Finance it to make the deals to be able to help design the solutions the business solutions to make the supply chains and so forth so this is a very good position for Hong Kong in the future first uh many Western observers say lots of things about China for political reasons so these are popular things to say uh America's Americans are in the habit right now of attacking China almost every day every word so I wouldn't take straightforwardly any statements uh that are made because uh a lot of this is just uh regular bad mouthing uh in fact every time an American official opens their mouth just about it's uh it's something negative there have been a couple of exceptions I was happy to see that secretary blinkin wished China good on national day okay that was nice that he did that I wish that he would do that on other days as well um I believe and I am optimistic that uh leaders in Beijing understand very well the importance of Hong Kong's distinctiveness and its unique role in the world and how hard one that is and how it reflects a long long pattern of building expertise in Hong Kong building trust in the institutions in Hong Kong and uh thereby uh creating one of the great uh financial and Trade Centers of the world and there's no doubt in my mind that uh Hong Kong is extremely important for China's success uh for the mainland so I think it would be absolutely misguided uh absolutely mistaken uh if any steps were taken that would undermine that my own experience is that uh Mainland leaders don't make such mistakes uh and uh they're very good at economic management and at understanding realities and that's why I'm confident that Hong Kong's distinctive role not only will be respected but actually will grow for the reasons that I've said we're we need in 25 years a major structural change in the world economy that is hard to produce without out a tremendous amount of financial expertise and a tremendous amount of global supply chain cooperation and Hong Kong is very well placed for that in fact you could not reinvent it in time so you better use it well may I play the effort sure my basic uh belief is that our Global reality pushes us very hard towards cooperation because for 8 billion people to live well on this planet we need a a global system that functions properly if we end up in a massive division of the world a massive crisis much less war the consequences would be devastating for everybody so I start from the opposition that the gains of cooperation are overwhelmingly large and I know as an economist that has worked on these issues for more than 40 years How Deeply intertwined we are I also know that uh we have a nation state system in a world where we need Global governance this is a problem because it means that our International institutions and the one that I work at and for the United Nations is too weak uh we don't have the kind of global governance to enforce a treaty uh or to ensure that countries don't free ride or to stop Wars and so on so I'm very much aware of that I'm also very much aware that the whole idea of creating an international legal framework is brand is actually quite new you know the first International Organization attempt was only 1921 the League of Nations so it's only one century in all the Millennia of human history that we've even tried to have Global cooperation the League of Nations failed completely collapsed and then came the UN in 1945 which was the best idea of the best American President Franklin Roosevelt really our greatest president now the UN is very very uh fragile in a way uh we need it but instead of having uh that uh strength for a global system it depends on the cooperation of the individual countries especially the United States Russia China and others and since the cooperation level is quite low right now this can absolutely paralyze the function of the United Nations as well so I'm not uh I I I'm not unaware of how difficult this is um and I'm not uh trying to give any country a free pass I do feel my responsibility to a large extent is to look at my own country first and criticize my own country first and I hope that inspires others to look at their countries and to try to improve their other their country's performance it's too easy to point the finger at some other country so I don't like to do that anyway I I I would rather try to inspire confidence by everybody saying you know we all can do better than we're doing but my message professionally is we had better solve these problems cooperatively we had better strengthen Global cooperation because if we don't there are no winners and losers uh everybody loses if we don't get this right and as and I learned to my surprise in a way I'm an economist and I deal a lot increasingly with the international relations Specialists and foreign policy Specialists and they view the world as winners and losers so their big question is who's number one is it the United States or is it China I find this question absurd frankly because there is no number one there is only uh cooperation and coexistence not the question of who's number one and who's number two so I just view the questions rather differently it's an old argument that I'm making because for more than a century many people have said no there are no winners in war and then Wars come anyway and then the wars prove there are no winners in the wars only the losers so it's not that the people were wrong it's that in a world of nation states we are still stuck in Interstate conflict but we have to move beyond the conflict and uh my favorite realist expert is a well-known professor in the United States named John mimer and he became very well known in recent years because he rather icted the Ukraine war and his book uh that made him very famous is called the tragedy of great power politics because he says it's almost inevitable that great power politics ends in tragedy because great powers are always fighting for dominance and my answer to him is John we can't accept tragedy we have to write uh the solution to the tragedy not accept the tragedy so this is uh not automatic or easy and I'm not predicting success I'm just saying we had better spend our effort to make success and for me it's very basic that given this capacity there should be no economic suffering in the world uh of basic uh conditions basic deprivation extreme poverty because while that was inevitable 200 years ago it should be out of the question today so since I'm an economist and I see the power of our tools it's rather frustrating to me to uh know that there are still a billion people living in extreme poverty many hundreds of millions of children who don't have enough to eat or a place in a school room or other basic amenities for a healthy and productive life

Channel: 灼見名家 Master Insight

Views: 116,193

Keywords: 灼見名家

Id: XpbXGAH72QE

Length: 15min 16sec (916 seconds)

Published: Thu Jan 18 2024