Why We Fight: Divide and Conquer

Video Statistics and Information

Video
Captions Word Cloud
Reddit Comments
Captions
[Silence] ♪ [instrumental music plays] ♪ ♪ [instrumental music still plays] ♪ - [Narrator 1] Six years of hard training and actual battle experience in Spain and Poland had made the German army look invincible. But what about the British and French? First, let's take up the British. They started from scratch, but both at home and abroad an army was growing for, not only Britain had declared war. Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the whole British commonwealth of nations was also determined on victory over Hitlerism and all it stands for. And Britain had one weapon that was ready, The Royal Navy. Shortly after war was declared it had swept German shipping from the high seas. [gunfire] And units of the British fleet were deployed at Suez, Malta, Gibraltar, in the Channel, and in the North Sea, blockading Germany. World conquest was impossible without running smack up against the rock called Britain. "How to strike at that little island?" That was the question. Between Britain and Germany stood not only France, but the little countries of Luxembourg, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The people of these small neutral countries were peaceful, hardworking, and free. They knew they were in the middle and feared violation of their neutrality. Hitler knew this. He also knew that if they united with the allies, they would form a solid democratic wall against Nazi aggression, and their conquest would be far more difficult. So, before striking with his armies, he used another weapon, the propaganda barrage to confuse, to make them lose faith, to divide and conquer. To lull the fears of the little neutrals, Propaganda Minister Goebbels told them Germany didn't want a war at all, it was Britain and France that caused all the trouble. Then, it was Hitler's turn. [foreign language] In a speech on October 6th, 1939, he made them all kinds of specific promises. To the Danes, he said, "We have concluded a non-aggression pact with Denmark." To the Norwegian's, he said, "Germany never had any conflict with the Northern States and has none today." To the Dutch, he said, "The new Reich has endeavored to continue the traditional friendship with Holland." And to the Belgians, he announced, "The Reich has put forth no claim which might in any way be regarded as a threat to Belgium." And while Hitler was making these promises, his generals were cold-bloodedly picking out the first victim, Norway. And why did they pick Norway? Its many steep inlets or fjords would make excellent U-boat bases from which raiders could play on British supply lines. [explosion] Also, it would give the Nazi's vital air bases. This is Scapa Flow, British naval base, and this the blockade fleet. At this time, the German-based bombers couldn't reach them. Possession of bases on Norway's western shore would bring these vital British defenses under easy bomber attack. But he couldn't take Norway without also taking tiny Denmark, the springboard for his attack. So, at dawn on April 9th, 1940... ♪ [instrumental music] ♪ ...the German army rolled across the neutral borders of little Denmark, and in a matter of hours, it occupied the entire country. By nightfall, Denmark is erased as a nation and the Danes go into slavery. Although only six months before, Hitler had announced, "We have concluded a non-aggression pact with Denmark," the Danes will not forget. Meanwhile in Norway, peaceful-looking German merchant ships like these had sneaked inside Norway's neutral waterway and tied up at all principal ports. That is, they looked like merchant ships. But if the Norwegians had had X-ray eyes, this is what they would've seen. The Trojan horse of Ancient Greece brought up to date with new and deadlier weapons. At the precise moment that the Nazi's overran Denmark, these quiet-looking ships sprang to life. ♪ [instrumental music] ♪ At the same time, Nazi warships, discovered along the entire coastline started steaming up the Norwegian fjords. Ships, transports, tanks, men, planes all flung themselves simultaneously upon a defenseless country. Airborne infantry seized every strategic Norwegian airport. The whole job was made easier by treacherous fifth columnists led by Major Quisling, who seized power and issued orders to suppress resistance. Nazi warships steamed past silent guns that could've blasted them out of the water. This was one of the most amazing acts of treachery the world has ever known. It brought Major Quisling international fame, making his very name synonymous with the word traitor. By the afternoon of April 9th, the Germans were in complete control of all seven ports where they had landed in the morning. ♪ [instrumental music] ♪ ♪[marching band]♪ For the first time in more than 200 years, the people of Norway saw an invading army parading through their cities. Many of these Nazi soldiers strutting as conquerors in 1940 had last seen Norway some 20 years earlier, when, as refugee German children, they had been raised and cared for by kind Norwegians. Now, these same Germans were back to repay that kindness with terror and destruction. Once they had occupied the capital, the Nazis quickly fanned out in all directions. But loyal Norwegian troops stopped one German column between Hamar and Elverum. [gunfire] [gunfire and explosions] So, the Germans brought up their bombers. [engine noise] [explosions] The Norwegians were forced to flee to the north under constant and unopposed air attack. It was here that Captain Robert Losey, an American military attaché was killed, the first American soldier to lose his life in this war. Meanwhile, the Nazis had spread all over the country. Small patrols occupied every strategic village. Parachute troops landed high in the mountains. [explosions] Unopposed bombing raids sent defenseless civilians fleeing in stark terror. [plane engines] [explosions] They hadn't wanted war. They had done everything to avoid it. Hoping they could escape the Nazi scourge, they had compromised and tragically failed to unite with the other democracies. And now, they faced the scourge defenseless and alone, for before the allies could come to their aid, the Germans were in control of all principal forts. -[2nd Male Narrator] Regardless of this, British, French and Polish contingents plunged in and made several landings along the Norwegian coast. They landed forces north and south of Trondheim and attempted an encircling movement on the city under constant, heavy and almost entirely unopposed air attack. [explosions] For the scene of action was out of range of British fighter planes, so they brought up aircraft carriers, but these are at a disadvantage when opposed by land-based planes. The allies, therefore, were badly battered from the air. Finally, suffering heavy losses, they withdrew from a hopeless situation. Further to the north, at Narvik, they met with better success, inflicting heavy naval losses on the Nazis. [explosions] They made landings and held the town for nearly two months. [gunfire] Incidentally, they also took their first prisoners of the present war. ♪ [music] ♪ Again, the Nazi's overwhelming air of superiority proved a deciding factor... [planes flying] ...and the allies were forced to withdraw under terrific air bombardment. [engine roar] [explosions] [gunfire and continuing explosions] Loyal Norwegians were left with their Quislings, their ruins, their dead. Even though six months before, Hitler had said, -[1st Male Narrator] "Germany never had any conflict with the Northern States" "and has none today," the Norwegians will not forget. -[2nd Male Narrator] And Hitler, Hitler had another victory. He had hijacked two more countries. The world wondered and sometimes marveled at this man's efficiency. ♪ [music] ♪ Gangster Dillinger was efficient, too. [gunfire] ♪ [music] ♪ When a man or a nation throws away all regard for the laws of God and man, he is bound at first to be more efficient than his victims. Society had a police force to deal with gangster Dillinger, but it had no police force to deal with gangster Hitler. So, he clubbed Norway into submission and got what he wanted. Bases for use against Britain. Now, he had the Northern claw of an enormous pincer movement. A drive through France would give him the southern claw. Blockade by U-boats, coupled with mass bombing attacks, would weaken the British for final invasion. Then, with Britain gone, Germany could reach out in all direction for world conquest. ♪ [music] ♪ His next move must obviously be through France, to get his southern claw. Through France. How was she to face the onslaught? [explosions] These scenes are ancient history. They occurred in 1914. The German armies, without warning, had smashed across neutral Belgium, invaded France, reached the river Marne only a few miles from Paris. Out of the French capital poured the French reserves, riding out to battle the enemy in every vehicle that could move. The famous taxi cab army. Note well, it was riding out to battle. In the center of the French line stood the Ninth French Army, commanded by a then comparatively unknown general. On September 5th, 1914, he is reputed to have said, "My right is driven in, my center is giving way, the situation is excellent. I attack!" [explosions] [continued explosions] [instrumental music] He did attack. The German onslaught was checked, and Paris was saved. That comparatively unknown general later became Commander-in-Chief of all the allied armies, and presided the signing of the Armistice with the defeated Germans on November 11th, 1918. To this general, the French people erected a monument. The Marshal Ferdinand Foch, whose motto was, "Attack! Always attack!" Still later, the war-weary French people erected another monument, this one to a minister of war, Andre Maginot. Between the ideas symbolized by these two statues may well lie the military story of the fall of a great nation. In Foch's time, the proud spirit of France demanded nothing less than victory and placed its faith in the attack. [explosions] In Maginot's time, the spirit, no longer proud, asked only to avoid defeat and placed its faith in concrete. [machinery] So, the French built the mighty chain of fortresses called the Maginot Line. These tremendous bastions were built deep into the French land. They were connected by underground passages and railways guarding France's eastern borders, facing Germany. And when France was finally forced to declare war against the rising Nazi menace, the French troops, instead of attacking, were marched into their modern caves to wait for the Nazi blitz to smash itself against the Maginot Line. And their generals, headed by Marshal Pétain, proudly announced, "Whoever makes the first move in this war will be hurt." But Hitler didn't go near the Maginot Line. That was France's strong point. Instead, he attacked the weak point. Hitler knew that the French had tried to avoid war instead of preparing for it. That knowledge was one of this greatest weapons. He knew they had planes, but he knew they were antiquated. He knew they had tanks, but he knew they were few in number and lightly armored. But most important of all, he knew that France had become a cynical and disillusioned nation. What made this change in the French spirit? In the first place, between 1914 and 1918, the French suffered more than 6 million casualties in the heroic defense of their land against German invasion. The flower of an entire generation was lost with its stimulus of new blood, new determination, new ideals. Secondly, the failure of the League of Nations, to which the French had pinned their hopes of peace, the corruption of many in high places, the greed of special interests. All had combined to shake the faith of the French people in their democratic ideals. And when a people loses its faith in its own ideals, it is ripe for the insidious words of the devil. France still looked like an imposing castle, but Hitler's political termites had so gnawed away the binding of national unity that the castle was ready to crumble. ♪ [music] ♪ [explosions] And during those months of military inactivity that we called the Phoney War, a ceaseless barrage of German propaganda crossed the still waters of the Rhine to affect the soldiers in the Maginot Line. "Why do you fight?" asked the banners. ♪ [music] ♪ Poems and friendly notes were sent over by balloons. French tunes were played by German bands, and German hooey was broadcast in French. [foreign language broadcast] "The British will fight to the last drop of French blood. You have been deceived. This is an imperialistic war for Britain. We Germans want nothing of France. What is happening to your wives back home, soldiers? The British are stationed in your villages." Yes, France was ready to be plucked. The whole force of the Nazi might was turned toward the west. How would they strike this time? Through Alsas-Lorraine as in 1870? Through the Low Countries as in 1914? What was the 1940 model conquest? The French considered the Maginot Line utterly impregnable, and therefore believed the Germans would again try a swing through the Low Countries as in 1914. But even after Hitler's rape of Scandinavia, Holland and Belgium, hoping against hope, still clung to their neutrality. So, the French massed 78 divisions here along the border of Belgium. Seventeen were in the Maginot Line. Ten divisions here, in case Mussolini got bold. Three and a half as a safeguard against Spain. The British had 10 divisions here. The allied strategy in the event of an attack against the Low Countries was to swing their armies like a gate into Belgium, the hinge being the north end of the Maginot Line. This all-important hinge was protected by the forest of the Ardennes, a hilly and thickly-wooded area honeycombed with streams, its roads narrow trails, its bridges too weak for military vehicles. French strategists estimated the forest of the Ardennes impassible for armored forces. As you will see, this was one of the costliest estimates in all military history. That was the situation on May 9th, 1940. ♪ [music] ♪ The hour of trial had come. ♪ [music] ♪ The people of the democracies prayed for strength to meet the coming hurricane of terror. ♪ [music: instrumental Ave Maria] ♪ While across the Rhine... - [Hitler] [Foreign language] [cheering] - A delirious madness possessed the German nation. - [Male 1] [foreign language] - [Male 2] [foreign language] - [Male 3] [foreign language] - [Male 4] [foreign language] - [Male 5] [foreign language] - [Male 6] [foreign language] - [Male 7] [foreign language] - [Male 8] [foreign language] - [Male 9] [foreign language] - [Male 10] [foreign language] - [Male 11] [foreign language] -[Hitler] [foreign language] - [cheering] - Hail Hitler! [foreign language] [cheering] - Their tag had come. ♪ [instrumental music] ♪ [plane engines] [instrumental music continues] -[2nd Male Narrator] Without even bothering to declare war, the German armies launched a coordinated attack, across the neutral borders of Luxembourg, Belgium and Holland, From the Maginot Line north to the sea. The action along the entire front was simultaneous, so for purposes of clarity, let's take up one country at a time. First, let's see what happened in Holland. [explosions] ♪ [music] ♪ Nazi ground forces smashed through the improvised and hastily-erected border defenses, but the main attack was to come from the air, far behind the defense lines. [planes flying] [plane engine noise continues] [plane engine noise continues] Over 10,000 troops were landed in this manner. Before the stunned citizens of Rotterdam even knew they were at war, these troops, aided by well-trained fifth columnists, quickly captured the airport and outlying sections of the city. ♪ [music] ♪ Meantime, Nazi armored columns were racing across the county, their progress speeded by other fifth columnists who prevented the destruction of vital dikes and bridges These forces effected a meeting with the parachuters landed in Rotterdam. The Dutch were doomed to defeat. ♪ [music] ♪ On the fourth day of the invasion, the Nazis gave the Dutch general an ultimatum. All Dutch resistance must cease or Rotterdam will be bombed flat. ♪ [music] ♪ The Dutch general had little choice. To save the lives of innocent civilians, he accepted the German terms. But after the unconditional surrender, the Nazis bombed the city anyway. [explosions] Flights of unopposed German bombers flew low over the center of Rotterdam, and methodically bombed it into a heap of rubble. [explosions] [plane engines roaring] [explosions in the distance] [plane engines roar] [explosions] [crackle of fire] ♪ [solemn instrumental music] ♪ One of the most ruthless exhibitions of savagery the world has ever seen. Over 30,000 men, women and children were killed in the space of 90 minutes. Though only six months before Hitler had said, "The new Reich has endeavored to continue the traditional friendship with Holland," the Dutch will not forget. Meantime in Belgium, the whole force of Nazi blitzkrieg have stormed across its neutral borders. ♪ [music] ♪ The main German attack was directed at the Albert Canal Meuse River line. The anchor of which was Fort Eben-Emael, a modern and seemingly impregnable fortress. The Germans had secretly built a replica of the mighty fortress in Czechoslovakia, and had rehearsed the attack until they knew every detail of the fort's construction and its every weakness. When the real attack came, it was foolproof. Parachute troops, dive bombers, flamethrowers, specially-trained engineer battalions all working together as a well-trained team. [gunfire] [explosions] They knew exactly where to cross the river. [explosions] [continued explosions] [gunfire] [explosions] [continued gunfire and explosions] You will notice that this assault engineer knows exactly where to put his high explosive charge in order to destroy the blockhouse. [explosions] Fort Eben-Emael withstood the Nazi attack exactly two days, and the German armies rode on. Meantime, an hour and a half after the German invasion began, allied troops crossed the French and Belgian border to meet the advancing Germans. ♪ [music] ♪ [cheering] As they raced across Belgium to take up their defense positions, they met an obstacle they hadn't counted on, refugees. ♪ [music] ♪ And the refugee-choked roads didn't get that way by accident. The Nazis methodically bombed little towns and villages otherwise devoid of any military value, not so much to kill as to drive the inhabitants out onto the highways. Then, by expert machine-gunning, the Nazis would herd them along in terror-stricken flight to hopelessly entangle the advancing allied armies. ♪ [music] ♪ Refugees used as a weapon of war, a new low in inhumanity. [explosions] [explosions continue] [gunfire, explosions, plane engines roar] [gunfire and explosions continue] [plane engines roar, explosions continue, gun fire continues] [crackle of fire burning] "No school today," the sign says. The children are otherwise occupied. [Screaming] ♪ [music] ♪ No, no school today. ♪ [music] ♪ Although only six months before, Hitler had announced, "The Reich has put forth no claim which might in any way be regarded as a threat to Belgium," the Belgians will not forget. And what about the allies? They were convinced that the German attack on Belgium and Holland was the main thrust and, according, to plan had swung their armies like a gate into Belgium. But the attack on Belgium and Holland was only a faint. The main German attack was to be centered where the allies least expected it, through the Ardennes Forest. For this decisive blow, they had secretly assembled the mightiest striking force the world had ever seen, including 45,000 armored vehicles. ♪ [music] ♪ - [Narrator 2] At the same time that the Nazi armies were plunging into Holland and Belgium, this column started to move. [engines rumbling] [engine noise continues] Well-trained engineer battalions went first. ♪ [music] ♪ [explosions in the background] They were opposed only by scattered allied patrols. [explosions] [gunfire and explosions continue] They cleared pathways for the tanks to follow. [explosions] [explosions continue] [gunfire and explosions continue] In three days, the German's armored force reached the Meuse River, two days faster than the French thought any troops could get through. By old rules, the Germans should have paused here to bring up heavy artillery before attempting to force the river. But the Nazi's had a new type of artillery, dive bombers. With them, they blasted the French oppositions across the Meuse. [plane flying] [explosion] With feverish haste, the Germans laid a barrage across the river with anything and everything that would shoot. [gunfire] [continuing gunfire] [continuing gunfire] - This tremendous concentration of firepower continued all through the night. [gunfire] [continued gunfire] By the following day, shock troops were able to get across the river. [explosions] [gunfire] [explosions] [gunfire and explosions continue] [gunfire continues] These shock troops held the bridge together until the engineers brought up [inaudible] and built bridges. [explosions] [explosions and gunfire continue] Then, without wasting a moment, across these bridges, the main armored force of the German military machine rolled through the Sedan, for the all-important breakthrough into a dismayed and flatfooted France. ♪ [music] ♪ There went the old ball game for the allies. From here on, it was only a matter of how long. Watch the map as one of our intelligence officers explains the details of the German breakthrough. - [Intelligence Officer] We speak of the breakthrough at Sedan, but actually, the break was along a wide front, extending for 50 miles from Namur in Belgium to Sedan. Further north, the allied armies had swung like a gate into these positions. The German armies had swept over Holland, broken the line of the Albert Canal and, for all anyone knew, were preparing to smash against the allied front with all their power. That was the situation, dangerous but obscure, on the evening of May 13th. On the 14th and 15th, it became clear that the German breakthrough, south of Namur, was in the greatest strength, and that the French Ninth Army, attacked while moving into position, had been shattered. Without doubt, this was the point of mortal danger, and the French High Command ordered the abandonment of these positions although they had not yet been attacked. Those positions were abandoned solely because of the situation developing along the Meuse, near Sedan. In the meantime, the French Seventh Army had been ordered to make its historic forced march far to the south, into the area threatened by the rapidly advancing German spearheads. This army was not used to attack the German flank, but rather was used as a plug to restore the broken front. Throughout, the allies had placed their faith not in offense but in defense, and the defense was doomed to failure because it was confronted with an entirely new technique in warfare, the plane, tank, infantry team in action. The world was staggered by the speed with which the German armored columns moved. What was the secret that enabled armies to move so far so rapidly? The secret lay in the organization of the striking spearhead. Armored forces came first, closely followed by motorized divisions which peeled off, forming solid walls. And through the corridor thus formed, raced the supply trucks to feed the ever-lengthening column. It was obvious that if the allied situation was to be restored, the German column would have to be cut. On May 17th, General de Gaulle attacked the German flank and captured a few prisoners, but his light mechanized forces were like a pin pricking the side of a rhinoceros. A subsequent attack met with even less success. The means for a really successful counter-attack against the German corridor simply did not exist. Where numbers of divisions were required, only handfuls of companies and battalions were available. A valiant attempt to cut the German corridor was made by a group of slow-moving British tanks just south of Arhar. But lack of sustained striking power doomed this valiant unit to destruction. On May 21st, the German spearhead reached the channel port of Abbeville. Protecting their flank along the Somme, the Germans fanned out to the north and east. This was to be the perfect battle of annihilation. On May 28th, the Belgian army, compressed into a small space and weary of battle, laid down its arms. That left the desperate French and British defenders with their backs to the sea at the small channel port of Dunkirk. - One of the greatest disasters in history seemed in the making. An entire British army faced annihilation. But out of the fog, in the midst shrouding the Channel, came a strange armada of navy craft, fishing boats, pleasure yachts, anything that would float. The seagoing people of Britain had come to rescue their army. High overhead, British fighter planes brought the Luftwaffe to a standstill. [planes flying] [gunfire] While below, small allied suicide units held the Germans back long enough for the miracle of Dunkirk to take place. ♪ [music] ♪ [explosions] Two hundred and eleven thousand five hundred British troops, plus 112,500 French and Belgian were rescued. Over 300,000 battle-tested men, grimly determined to go back again with new tools, new weapons with which to blast the hated Nazis out of this world. For free men are like rubber balls. The harder they fall, the higher they bounce. Leading the British by this time was a man who had been bouncing all his life, Winston Churchill, who had tried for years to warn the world about Germany. Meantime, the situation that faced France was as nearly hopeless as a military situation can be. Two-fifths of the French army was lost. There were fewer than 50 divisions left to defend a front almost 200 miles long, running from the northern end of the Maginot Line to the sea. And behind that thin front line, there were no reserves. Despairing people of Paris sent their children south, praying that some miracle would keep them from harm. ♪ [music] ♪ The hopeless men of the French army, without adequate arms or equipment, braced themselves for the coming blow. - The first blow fell on June 5th. The French Resistance was determined, but by June 8th, the left flank army had been shattered and a general withdrawal was ordered to the line of the Marne and the Seine. On June 9th, the German main attack came. Within two days, the German armored and motorized divisions roared out into the open terrain. With this breakthrough, the issue of the battle of France was decided, and from that time on there was official talk of an armistice. Now, what about the famous Maginot Line? Let's go back and take a look. On June 14th, the Germans launched two attacks against the Maginot Line. In both cases, penetrations were effected, but we must remember that this was against fortifications defended by men devoid of hope. - In the meantime, Mussolini, now thinking it's safe, sent his divisions racing across the border. - [President Roosevelt] The hand that held the dagger has struck it into the back of its neighbor. [cheering] ♪ [music] ♪ - Organized resistance in France was no longer possible. The government faced two alternatives, retire to North Africa and carry on from there, or give up the struggle. France's leaders were old and tired, and the oldest and most tired was Marshal Pétain. Egged on by men like Laval, who saw in a German victory his chance for personal power. On June 16th, Pétain asked for an armistice. The news is carried to Hitler, who received this word of a great nation's fall in a characteristic manner. Also, characteristic were his terms for the armistice. It must be signed in the coach where Marshal Foch met the defeated Germans in the last war. ♪ [music] ♪ [drumroll] [silence] The French delegation arrives to pay the final price of French disunity, and the treachery of some of its leaders. The final price, a price that for centuries to come the French won't forget. More than three-fifths of their country was to be blacked out by a military occupation. The remainder was to be controlled by a French government acceptable to Hitler. A tax of 400 million francs a day was to be imposed on the French people to support the German army of occupation. Nearly two million French prisoners of war were to be taken into Germany and kept there as hostages, to work as slaves or rot of hunger, tuberculosis, or other diseases in concentration camps. Men deliberately and permanently separated from their families in order to decrease the French birthright, and thus eliminate France as a world power in future generations. French civilians, men, women and children must slave on farm or in factory for the Nazi master race, or starve. "There will be a class of subject alien races; we need not hesitate to call them slaves." French children were to grow up on such inadequate food that many would reach the age of 12 before they grew new teeth. And for any attempts to protest against these restrictions, thousands of innocent French civilians would be executed. This was the price the French were to pay as they signed the armistice, and the master of the master race must go to Paris to tour the streets of what was once the City of Light. You notice no cheering crowds here to welcome in the new order. [silence] - [Male] [foreign language]. - When the people of Paris come to the streets again, it is to hear the voice of dictators telling them what they must do, how they must live, what they must say, what they must think. Telling them how to be slaves. Gone is the Republic of France. Gone is free speech and a free representative government. Gone is liberty, equality, fraternity. These are the French. With their ears they listen, but their minds and their hearts, these are down on the Mediterranean where the battle colors of the regiments are being taken to Africa, out of the Nazi grasp. The people weep as their glory departs, for they don't as yet know that France has hope, a rallying point. Charles de Gaulle, a soldier in the great tradition of Foch, is not surrendering. He will continue to fight, gathering about him loyal Frenchmen from all over the world to become the Free French Army, the fighting French. Yes, the people weep as they watch their colors go, not knowing that two years later, those same flags would again be unfurled in North Africa, alongside the stars and stripes, alongside the Union Jack. Once more their leaders, General de Gaulle and the famous General Giraud, stand united in the common cause with the leaders of their allies. Once more, the red, white and blue of France is raised on high, for out of the ashes of the defeat and the humiliation of France, her soul has been born again. ♪ [singing and music] ♪
Info
Channel: US National Archives
Views: 313,306
Rating: 4.7063622 out of 5
Keywords: US National Archives, NARA
Id: TR1fP8TvM-k
Channel Id: undefined
Length: 56min 51sec (3411 seconds)
Published: Fri Jan 23 2015
Related Videos
Note
Please note that this website is currently a work in progress! Lots of interesting data and statistics to come.