What Was Life Like For Victorian Servants In A Country Estate? | Historic Britain | Absolute History

this channel is part of the history hits Network [Music] today I'm in wrexham North Wales home to an extraordinary 18th century house with a different and I'm traveling there in style in this private Carriage owned by This Magnificent horse we can do 20 miles a day I love you know [Music] I need to get there with all speed onwards driver foreign is one of Britain's Most Fascinating stately homes designed by Thomas Webb in 1683 for almost 250 years the York family called this Grand Country pile home but today I won't be going in by the main entrance because in this grand house the real interest and the exciting stories are below stairs where I'll be revealing the York's shockingly intimate relationship with their lowly staff we're talking romance in this picture with the help of hidden photos private letters and secret diaries the 9th of September suddenly the bombshell explodes I'll uncover astonishing stories of scandalous love it would have been a sackable offense in those days yes and ruthless betrayal this is a black mark on the family isn't it absolutely and out in the ground I explore the mysteries of an amazing wall of water it's like the Lost World also at Erving Angelica Bell is punch drunk behind the scenes at the estate's Orchards oh it's so much Nigel havers goes Sky High at powice Castle for a new angle on earthing's Georgian landscape Gardener this is amazing really scary very scary and Miriam Morales at cork Abby in Derbyshire gosh this really is going back in time uncovering the terrifying tricks commonly used to keep domestic staff in check and all you'd have is a candle you might not have even had anything slight your way just the light at the end of the tunnel but to get the low down on the secrets of the servants quarters here at Irving I'm meeting the national trust's Graham Clarke it's very kind the service around here superb thank you very much [Music] Graham hello Alan welcome to her long Legacy I don't think I've ever arrived in such style it's wonderful I know we've taken you past the usual entrance for their York family and brought you into the heart of the estate here the working estate right into the stable yard the servants here were treated rather differently from normal weren't they that's right they were they weren't treated as servants they were treated as people the Yorks really wanted to know a lot more about their staff so they got to know them very well and in the end they actually commissioned portraits photographs and wrote poems about them so they knew them very well how unusual is this in terms of you know boss staff relationship I think portraits have been done in the past but actually in hand with the poems as well as far as we know that's unique can we go and have a look at them certainly can thank you very much indeed enjoyed that the tradition of having servants portraits done started back in the 1700s when the first Philip York ordered paintings of his staff he would then write poems packed with praise and add them to the portraits later the Yorks moved on from painting to photography and pictures of their staff were proudly displayed in a below stairs Corridor it's the closest you're likely to get to a servant's Hall of Fame there are so many of them this is like the National Gallery of British working Life In A Country House masses of them that's right and they were all put here by the family this is a great photo this is all the heads of department at urdakia out on the front steps so here you've got the butler drawing his goal drawing his cork we've got children's slippers here now it's made and here is the cook with her brace of foul that before they look a fierce lockdown their fears brewed they are this is a very early daguerret type and I think you had to uh you had to keep a straight face for much longer in 1852 than you do now and you notice anything that's really different about the photo are they the family of the house or are they more servants in the window that's the family so what makes this really unique is the fact that the family of not only put themselves in the photo with their servants but they've actually put themselves at the back they're not the focus of this photo that says a particularly special relationship doesn't it it does and this poem all the way around it verse after verse after verse after verse so what we tend to see is a stanza really about each member in here yeah and some of them are quite a quite poor poetry but they're really Charming cheesy but Charming now this the last verse it says that open window in between the Squire and Lady hear our scene together with their children Twain who did to present age attain these two small heads now old and gray yet dimly recollect the day but after 60 years of space how little does the memory Trace so that was written so many years after the rest of it was done and the one next door is a later one well this is 60 years later so the date is now 1912. and look how technology has improved without a photograph it almost leaps out are you now doesn't it does seem very clear doesn't it last verse here at open window sits The Squire in the same place where sat his sire so that's his father the little boy in that picture is now the Master of the House in this one absolutely you know I look at this and it reminds me that on my father's side he was a plumber but his father and grandfather were gardeners I'm a gardener it's in the blood and I I look at the man down there and think 100 years ago that would probably have been me I wonder if I'd have made head Gardener [Music] below stairs at earthing you get a real feel for a life of service in the 19th and early 20th centuries like all servants staff here would have spent long hours in the laundry the Bake House the kitchen and the dairy but if you look hard enough you can spot telltale signs of that oddly open Boss staff relationship here it's huge it is it's lovely isn't it a great size kitchen and what I particularly like about the room is that the windows are at ground level polishing larger lots of light coming in that's right I mean it's almost cathedral-like normally servants were there to be not seen or heard but here they can look out the other rooms in our servants areas they can all look across the courtyard to each other very very different but true of work I mean working on an estate like this whether you're indoors or out was fiendishly hard you really earned your keep didn't you you did and it's easy to gloss over that when we when we look back at the history of earthig I mean there was no real rest the family was still entertaining being a servant at earthig was no walk in the park but at least they were chummy with their masters it was so unusual back then that I can't help thinking there's more to it than meets the eye tell me a bit about the family I mean what was their wealth founded on the York's really inherited their wealth from their great uncle John mellor back in the 1710s and 20s and although they were asset Rich you know we're in a big house they really had to keep their coffers topped up every generation or so every other generation with a wealthy marriage but that really meant that they had to look after their money and they weren't quite able to pay their servants the going rate for working down the road so a butler here would be paid what an underbutler might be paid at the next estate so this relationship they had with their servants was born out of necessity really because by being kinder to them they could ensure their state it was a relationship of convenience really I think you're right yes the Yorks couldn't pay the going rate so they had to treat them well it paid to work for the Yorks but not in that kind of way not literally but it didn't stop there extraordinarily this intimacy even extended to be low stairs Romance I'm back in the servant's corridor with the national trust's Heather Vernon to get the gossip so who have we got here Lucy Hitchman here in the beautiful blue dress she was Nanny Nursery nurse to the Tila Squires and that's these two boys you can see Simon and Philip here and also Ernest James who was a groomsmen Heritage this pair of po-faced edwardians weren't just colleagues they were also lovers so Heather we're talking romance in this picture which is telling us a story it is they would have met as you can see in this picture out for morning rides with the last Squires but also they would have seen each other around the house in this very Corridor so they probably walked up and down here they're probably still where you and I are standing there absolutely yeah exchanging a little twinkle in the eye perhaps there seems to be a bit of a disparity in age it looks an awful lot younger I think it's the the rosy red cheeks that have been added to Ernest but you are correct um in this photo Ernest would have been about 23 and Lucy was 10 years his senior well there are many instances of romances between servants at birthing we know of 18 in total and said well that's not the odd one is it and you have to remember that we weren't a very extensive house so 18 is quite a lot it would have been a sackable offense in most houses wouldn't it yes because Lucy was really so important to the family they really trusted her she had their confidence We Know by reading some of the the verse around this photo in 1911 that the family were aware that there was an attachment and a fondness and they didn't disapprove if you read the verse there's nothing there's nothing negative about it so towards the end it says we trust the attachment here began May last our life its course shall run and love to us so freely shown be spent on children of their own that's positive encouragement seems that way doesn't it and a private collection of Nanny Lucy's letters lost for decades and still hidden from public view gives further intimate details of what would have been a forbidden relationship in most households the astonishing thing about Irving is it is frozen in time it is unchanged absolutely this is something I really wanted to show you it's Lucy hitchman's postcard album so she collected postcards she was sent postcards My Friends by relatives and by her employers as well Mr and Mrs York gosh all these oh look reading I've been to reading very glamorous places in here but this album itself was found in a second-hand book shop so we almost didn't have it here at Earth egg how remarkable we have a really nice example here and this is one that Ernest sent to Lucy dearest this PC is I think rather a rare one I thought it would do for your album for the winter night whether rather showery and heavy too nothing really changes it's whales and then Earnest and Lucy he's written his name and he's trying to find it that's why I love it what a romantic he was blatant courting among servants would meant getting the sack in other stately homes but the bosses at Erving were actively interested in the romance between Nanny and groom there's another postcard as well and Mrs York clearly knows that Ernest and Lisi have a correspondence and fondness as she says can you send me the news when you write to miss Hitchman this is an intriguing relationship isn't it between the master and Mistress of the house and their servants they've almost become like family to the Yorks the romance between Lucy and Ernest came to an abrupt halt with the outbreak of World War One around six million men were mobilized and Ernest was among the first to volunteer in 1914. but the couple remained wartime sweethearts and reunited when peace was declared so what happened they married in 1919 they did move away from Irving but sometime later they did come back so they lost them in the interim but they came back yes so they clearly still had a love for the place they were living on the estate this postcard shows Mr and Mrs Jones at Irving Park full circle what a wonderful wonderful story all encapsulated in the album servants at Irving may have had a better life than most but all domestic staff endured horrible conditions in the 19th and early 20th centuries they worked for up to 17 hours a day earning next to nothing they had no employment rights and lived with the constant threat of being sacked by a bad tempered boss Miriam O'Reilly is at cork Abbey in Derbyshire discovering how the Masters there made sure that servants were neither seen nor heard I am of the home of the Harper family who for over 300 years had a very different relationship with their staff than the Yorks at earthfig in fact in the 1900s when the lady of the house came through this beautiful green door with its distinctive clack when it closes the gardeners would dash off out of sight through the Garden Wall here to give the family the Privacy it craved culcabi was owned by the Harper family from 1622 until the National Trust took it over in 1985. rumor has it that the mere site of some of the Harpers was enough to frighten their servants so I'm itching to get behind the scenes to dig the dirt I'm going to meet Eloise Brooke she's the head Gardener here at Cole Tabby to find out what her predecessors had to do to keep on the right side of this rather Eccentric Family I'm also hoping to discuss cover the well-kept secrets of this intriguing Place hello Miriam welcome to cool cabbie Gardens we learned from Alan at erfig that the servants were very familiar with the family tell me about the Harper family um well they were here at cork for over 300 years and really I think they're a family they felt they had everything they needed at cork is that why they kept themselves to themselves there certainly seems to be a thread of quite a sort of introverted streak in the family somebody once wrote down as a wrote them that it was a congenital unsociability where do you think this introversion in the family came from it's hard to tell but I'm certainly the first real record of it is with the seventh baronet who sometimes called the isolated baronet he certainly seemed to keep himself away from his equals in society and he did seem to be deeply deeply shy to the extent that he'd perhaps communicate with servants in notes and really didn't want the garden business to see him when he was out in the garden so he actually built a tunnel it meant that the gardeners could you know access get to the mansion under the pleasure grounds and not be seen at all from anyone in the house so you wouldn't see the gardeners going about their work so would you like to have a look I certainly would over the years the Harper family had three tunnels built under the gardens just two are open to the public these days although the third is currently being excavated by the trust and all you'd have is a candle to light your way if that you might not have even had anything to light your way just the light at the end of the tunnel and you do find things in the tunnel you've told them to show me we found a few bits and Bobs so we found lovely old bottle of beer from Burton on Trent which is you know fairly local to here so you can imagine the gardeners having a perhaps a typical after work and of course a Gardener's friend got an old okay tool so you could have your Brew I bet that made quite a few didn't it and it's time it does look like it I want to know what life was like for the servants indoors so I'm meeting the national trust's John Parkinson who's going to fill me in on Upstairs Downstairs relations here it's uh it's a wonderful space isn't it it really this really is going back in time so you would have had the cook in here who else would have worked in here it would have been the school of Mage the kitchen Maids The Cook The Cook actually we think moved up the staircase there there's a little bedroom just living over the job right okay so this is very much her domain yeah very much so it was very much a segregated Society in the house you know the the ladies and the gentlemen were all kept very separate once people were able to find jobs in factories and things that was seen as being a wonderful life compared to being a servant whereas when you worked in a house it was almost like 24 hours a day on call unlike the more outgoing residents of earthig the Masters and mistresses of most grand houses would have had little tolerance for below stairs romance but if your work took you above stairs here at kolk Abbey you could lose your job for far less than a stolen kiss with a workmate well what a contrast in the 1920s the last baronette of caulk savonsi was a recluse obsessed with Taxidermy a hobby that kept the staff constantly on their toes the servants role in all this was really to maintain the even temperature with the fires and the servants were really under strict orders about the amount of heat to that was output from the fires quite often they were reprimanded by savancy of it got too hot in a room for example how do you do that though how are you able to keep a fire at an even temperature there is record actually of the footman he he talks about savansi telling him to take a coal off or add a coal to a fire and presumably he'd be really worried for his job if he didn't get it right there is a story that savonsi dismissed servants you know if they got it wrong but because he really didn't know them you know he just didn't visually recognize him as such they were re-employed at the back door as it were and they just came straight lucky so he wouldn't know at all that it was the same person [Laughter] whether the eccentric savonsi was cruel or just a bit kooky you've got to pity the poor servant who had to dust his taxidermy [Music] I'm at Irving a Grand Country House near wrexham in North Wales the astonishing thing is it is frozen in time it is unchanged the York family lived here for 240 years and in that time they were unusually cozy with their servants are they the family of the house then or are there more servants then that's the family the York's Free and Easy attitude makes me quite fancy being a nervy gardener back then but I'm doing the next best thing by meeting current head Ranger James Stein he promised to show me an intriguing liquid curiosity in a hidden corner of the estate I can hear this water I can actually see it the gushing sound is made by A peculiar circular Cascade known as the cup and saucer oh now I see a cotton sauce but the cups underneath the saucer yes one on top of the other yeah so why is it here is it useful as well as being ornamental one function as you said is to be ornamental but the second function is to stop erosion of the river Black Brook here by doing that very effectively by dropping the water level very quickly the river blackbroke runs for two miles through the estate left to its sound devices there's a constant danger that it will break its banks and floods surrounding land but that threat's avoided by sending the water hurtling down through the cup and saucer Cascade so who designed it well he means back in 1774 gosh so it goes where where's it going it drops down about 10 foot yeah it ends up here oh you can see how far it's gone down there right down yeah it goes a long way down not much in it not at the moment no um but you should see it when it's in flood it's certainly a different picture then yeah it's like a giant plug hole swirling and going it is yeah it's quite frankly really but but as of today there's not much in it you fancy going in well underneath yeah yeah go on then go for it right quirky but useful this feat of engineering has undoubtedly stopped catastrophic flooding on the estate over the last 250 years or so that's what it looks like from down wow yeah yeah it's pretty good water yeah visitors to earthig can view the Cascade from above but hardly anyone gets to go underneath this is a really special treat it's like the Lost World thank you that's good isn't it yeah go through the Looking Glass yeah gosh oh there's a peculiar Sensational when you look at it think you're flying it is you know it's quite a unique place to be to be honest but it's certainly something that you don't ever get to do on a normal day's work coming in here obviously isn't it I'm so glad I saw this right an amazing feeling but I really can't stay okay I'll let you go first this definitely puts your average garden pond in the shade but William Eames the landscape Gardener who designed the cup and saucer didn't just make peculiar but practical water features the Gentry loved him and he spent decades sprucing up the grounds of their grand houses in England and especially here in Wales Nigel havers is an hour south of urvik at powis Castle discovering how Eames influenced the beautiful gardens there the impressive 13th century Castle behind me is Powers Castle it's unusual because it was built by a Welsh Prince rather than an English Lord inside it's crammed with all kinds of treasures but that's not why I'm here I've come for the world famous gardens they first sprang to life in the 17th century when architect William wind built four more Terraces and grassy slopes in the 1770s William Eames made his Mark by planting a ridge of trees known as the wilderness today The Gardens of Paris are amongst the most incredible in the country I'm meeting head Gardener David Swanton to get to the root of just what makes them so special here You've Got A baroque Terrace Garden we've got the landscape part from the 1800s around us and then a 20th century Farm or garden and all to be side by side together he's pretty unique to be honest in the early 1900s Violet the wife of the fourth Earl of powers was determined to make Paris grounds the most beautiful in England and Wales she had them lovingly restored leaving this rare example of Baroque Gardens in the UK I must say I think this is the most beautiful formal Garden I've ever seen foreign the hedges here would have been sculpted into smooth conical shapes but when William Eames was about in the 18th century they were left to grow out then when the victorians returned to formal hedge trimming the trees were cut back and shoot screw giving them the cloud shapes they have today they saw living sculptures they're so huge on the Landscapes which are foil for the garden so uh they're super I mean how else do you cut these you go up a ladder we've got a picture on there after using big old wooden ladders wow nowadays we fortunately got a cherry picker and we worked safely from the basket from that even with 21st century technology it still takes up to 10 weeks to give this lot a short back and sides and having come all this way I'd be rude not to lend a hand so I'm joining Gardner Dan in the cherry picker this this is amazing now Dan we're quite high up on me yeah I just do think about those guys on ladders yeah we have been fairly scary very scary is there a technique to this um just like cutting your head at home just a bit higher really yeah yeah practically just following the Contours and just trying to cut off this year's growth okay [Applause] all right every year in late summer the team here trimmers 15 000 square meters of hedge the cherry picker lifting them to Heights of up to 14 meters let's get into this there you go and the work goes on come rain or shine [Music] a good bit of a kit there isn't it [Music] wow who could believe this topiary trimming could be so intense next time I see my neighbor Alistair trimming his hedge I'm making him a cup of tea maybe something stronger the Yorks of urzig were an unusual Bunch from as early as the 1700s they had a well-deserved reputation for being decent to their servants but after almost 200 happy years the household was shaken to its core by a dramatic series of events that threatened to destroy that friendly relationship forever in the early 20th century earthing was home to Philip York II and his wife Louisa who loved to entertain but struggled to cope running a stately home and managing the finances when Louisa discovered that the household account didn't add up she accused the housekeeper Ellen penketh of stealing panketh was arrested and charged with theft author Tessa Bose has written a book about the Scandal and she's taking me behind the scenes at earthig to discover how the drama unfolded here is this poor working-class woman with no people supporting her out there ranged against the Gentry the jury was all male it was middle class you had to be a property owner to be on the jury back then a terrifying ordeal for anyone never mind the lowly housekeeper but the Yorks rarely seen archive reveals that penketh wasn't your average servant the portraits downstairs of the other York housekeepers their sort of hatchet face spinsters and um and that's what they tended to look like housekeepers had to be fearsome and quite old on the whole to keep control of their servants Ellen panketh was young and she was beautiful how do we know that we know that because I found one photograph of her hidden away in this album this is a family album put together by Louisa she is [Music] Mrs penketh cook at Earth from 1903 to 1907. She's a beauty isn't she goodness mistress Louisa was known for being kind to the servant after all she supported Nanny Lucy and groomsmen ernest's romance so it's doubly heartbreaking that while other staff portraits hang proudly downstairs Ellen's photo is shoved away out of sight how did you come upon the story well we're very lucky because nothing was thrown away from Earth we have Louise's Diaries also this is 49 of these in the archives and this is when the bombshell explodes the 9th of September 1907 and the day before she's giving a dinner party she's punting on the lake everything's wonderful and then suddenly here it is before the Yorks and their well-treated servants moved in this state was revamped by their Uncle John mellor his plans lay undisturbed for more than 200 years until a chance Discovery by The National Trust revealed the enormous scale of his ambitions Angelica Bell is here to pick through the Intriguing details when the trust was handed airfig in 1973 it was in a truly dilapidated state a four-year restoration project of the house and Gardens got on the way during which they came across etchings of air things now these historical plans showed lots of fruit trees in the grounds which sparked the idea to incorporate an apple orchard in the garden plans are now almost 300 years old guiding me through them is the national trusts Graham Clarke this is a plan from about 1740. this is John Miller's house a wealthy London lawyer who's come in and spent a hell of a lot of money and you can see the ornamental Apple very regular lines very symmetrical yeah why was it so important to have fruit trees there it was almost a show of extravagance that he can afford to grow apples fruit in formal lines and use it at the meal tape fast forward 250 years and it's gone it's a complete decline it's just like a forest in the middle of the garden so that was the issue that the National Trust faced in the 1970s and here we are moving in doing some literally heavy lifting it was definitely in the plans to bring back as good as we could but the apple trees had to be there matching a glimpse of the trust Zone restoration photos is a rare treat and now that I've had a look at them I can't wait to see the kind of apple trees that were once such status symbols here at earthig Gardner Helen erdley is giving me a tour to other different varieties on every single tree here how does it work every row each row is a different variety we have 180 varieties which is quite amazing what's the oldest one you've got here well the oldest one I would say is called decio and that's a Roman Apple pretty old not nice to eat but they would use it on their tables as decoration we've got quite a few with funny names yes like Pig snow dogs nose peas good non-such they are low very inventive they're not all edible some of them are cider ones to make one gallon of cider you need at least 20 pounds of apples so we'll pick these and then we'll take them and do some pressing Apple pressing is the first stage Insider making and Helen's giving me a crash course using a replica of a traditional press there we go [Music] it's actually quite therapeutic oh not quite so much splattered Apple keep going Angelica going you've really got to love cider to go through this oh here it comes look at the color isn't it Amber nectar all that hard work just that little bit I think we should just stick to the bottle stuff you're right I think we've got some for over 25 years a local Brewer has been using slightly more sophisticated methods to produce up to 750 liters of earthig's very own cider every year so let's say cheers to all those gardeners who harvested those apples Cheers Cheers the Yorks of urdig were a rare breed kind and respectful towards their staff they ruled over a happy household for almost 200 years normally servants were there to be not seen or heard but here it's very very different but it all came crashing down in 1907 when an enormous sum of money went missing this is when the bombshell explodes author Tessa Bose and I are leafing through private rarely seen Diaries written by the Mistress of the House Louisa York and there was little doubt in her mind about where the cash had gone Mrs penketh who has been cooked here for five years is a regular professional Thief she's stolen and robbed goods and money to the amount of 500 pounds there it is and it could have gets worse she gets really vindictive and angry as as the the days Roll by 500 pounds back then is almost 30 000 pounds in today's money a hefty sum even for the wealthy but a life-changing windfall for a lowly servant like Ellen penketh did she look as though she was using elsewhere the term dresses become more beautiful did she have a carriage and pair waiting outside not at all um when she was discovered and turfed out of ervic she was destitute she didn't have a penny to her name so the money went missing what happened to it it's not a straightforward story she was trying to cook the books a bit because the Yorks loved entertaining so they're being extravagant but they're telling her she's spending too much exactly she was going to her trusted suppliers and saying can we just say that this month we spent 20 pounds on meat and instead of the 30 that perhaps they had spent and she said I'll make it up next month and this just got out of hand so in other words the family could actually have been living beyond their means and she was trying to cover up that fact and it came to haunt her when penketh eventually went on trial things took an unexpected turn the housekeeper was painted not as a lawless Thief but as an undervalued servant she earned 45 pounds a year now for the time that wasn't a great salary she might expect to be earning 60 65 pounds doing that job so did her Council point this out in the court case that she didn't earn much money anyway they were a mean family oh yes he was really contrasting this pathetic salary with this extravagant life that her master and mistress lived nine times out of ten the servant would have been locked up and life in the house would have returned to normal but in a shocking twist the jury found housekeeper Ellen penketh not guilty so how unusual was it for a servant to win a case I think very unusual indeed the jury was all male it was middle class you had to be a property owner to be on the jury back then and you would have thought that they would have gone for their own kind so she's found to be innocent by the jury is that the end of her career it's about the fact she's one of the kids that is the end of her career she's gone down in history even today she's the thief cook of erdic their servant walking free was alarming enough for the Yorks but their troubles didn't stop there massive press coverage of the trial left everyone's reputation in tatters choose this proceedings yards and yards of it yeah it's a Verbatim description of what happened in court this must have done the family as much if not more harm than it did Ellen pankath yes they probably really regretted taking this to court dirty linen absolutely dirty linen their overdraft Louise's spending habits how much she paid to have her portrait painted how much the baby's new Bonnet cost it's all in there this is a black mark on the family isn't it absolutely how do they get over it well they start to treat their servants a little bit more carefully the wages go up and Philip York he started doing this PR exercise between him and the servants he had to believe that that they loved him and know that he was looking after them so he wrote poems that we see in the corridor so the poems in effect absolutely I do love you really after all this yes you wonder if they really believed it that some of the York's poetry may have been partially driven by guilt is an eye-opener I think the full truth behind the penketh trial will never really come to light in any case The Saga was a painful blip in the otherwise friendly relationship between master and servant here and it's that uncommon bond that makes the story of earthig unique and fascinating the relaxed attitude of the Yorks allowed the staff to have identities outside their roles in the house and this saw romance Blossom and the staff immortalized in portraits and photographs the Yorks didn't always get it right when faced with the penketh Scandal protecting their own reputation came before compassion for their staff but by the standards of their time the family were pretty forward-thinking bosses and by acknowledging their servant's existence and recognizing their hard work the staff of Irving have lived on and have risen to become the most important aspect of the entire estate [Music]

Channel: Absolute History

Views: 46,008

Keywords: history documentaries, absolute history, world history, ridiculous history, quirky history

Id: GibmuC-Ell0

Length: 39min 10sec (2350 seconds)

Published: Fri Oct 28 2022