What is the Four-Dimensional Design of DNA? - Dr. Robert Carter

[Music] rob when we talk about the diversity of life there are really diverse creatures in this pool this this one little touch tank is filled with amazing things so each of these kinds from the genesis paradigm each of these were created and yet there's some similarities between them similarities and differences that's what we see across the entire realm of life similarities and differences so what makes them different well genetically they're very similar they have the same biochemistry they have a lot of they share most of their genes in common but there are developmental genes they're called hox genes that set up these patterns in the animal as it develops they develop from a single cell just like you and i do but just just like my left and right hand are mirror images of one another yeah it's because there are genes that set up inside of me that did patterns and sequences and timing such to the point where as i grew my little arm buds my hands popped out and they look almost the same well for these guys there are hox genes that in one of them they set up a five-fold symmetry another they set up a 10-fold symmetry another one they make this long skinny animal there are these master computer programs that have a tremendous downstream effect they control the development of the embryo in these amazing ways so it's like we have these programs that are creating all this diversity but there's a master program almost like an operating system absolutely that operating system actually scientists have compared the operating system of a simple bacterium to the linux operating system which is very very complex very complex but when we look at it there's a lot of computer programming in life and so what we've seen is just just like in our operating systems life has some master modules and then has some middle level programs that control all the output we call that proteins and sugars and action computer systems they've got your operating system that controls a lot of middle level managers you know do this to the sound card do this to video card that controls all the outputs but it's really funny when we look at the way life is structured it's a lot more optimally designed you have less high level programs controlling less middle level programs controlling a lot more outputs our computer programs are top heavy we have a lot of stuff up here controlling a little bit stuff down here because we're not quite as smart as god so what you're saying when we look at this from a a molecular or genetic perspective what we're finding is really a fascinating design in all of that absolutely and when you talk about the standard paradigm the standard evolutionary story we run into great difficulties when we get to these hox genes to these master program modules because yeah you can take a starfish like that and you can change its size a little bit you might change its color a little bit but if you want to get that starfish to turn into a radically different organism you don't tweak these little things you have to tweak the high level operating system and that usually causes a downstream catastrophe i mean imagine if you um if you're programming a computer right you can you can change a one or a zero in an output and maybe now your letters are blue instead of white on the screen big deal but if you want to randomly change the core operating system how many changes are possible that don't cause disaster i mean almost all changes would ruin the whole system from a computer scientist perspective i can tell you we call that system software sometimes that's the fundamental heart of that of that whole system you have a problem down there the whole thing breaks down and when someone wants to change that how many people have to think for how long to make a simple change to the basic programming it's it's that's tough because once you start monkeying with that operating system with that system software you have to be very careful because you'll upset the whole thing yeah and that's what we see in life but what we've heard in the conventional paradigm the conventional story tells us that it's those random changes that has brought about all of this sure back in the 1800s when life was simple when they didn't know what was happening inside the cell they know how complex genetics was you can imagine all sorts of things i mean you can imagine a cell turning into a square or a circle or changing color or growing a spike or a hair no problem but now that we know what actually happens behind the scenes the story gets a lot more complicated you see the more complex life becomes the less possible evolutionary theory becomes it can only work if life is really really simple and life is not simple we've had a revolution in technology just last 10 or 15 years that our understanding of life has skyrocketed and the standard paradigms ability to explain life has plummeted so this is that concept of of a black box like darwin really couldn't see inside that and so we thought it was simple but what you're saying is that now we're finding it's extremely complex yes and it's complex at all levels i mean structurally as complex functionally as complex biochemistry is unbelievably complex genetics is our understanding of genetics is only getting more complex over time what are we finding now as we're studying genetics what are what are kind of the things that we see now that we didn't see 50 years ago well 50 years ago they had the simple idea that you have a gene and a gene makes a protein that's been blown out of the water we now know that genes are involved in making dozens if not hundreds of proteins and different pieces of genes are used in different proteins at different times in the cell cycle different times in life under different conditions in different cells most of your cells in your body they produce similar proteins than other cells but they're different so your brain cells actually produce different versions of proteins than your liver cells produce so how's that possible i mean how does it how do they do that it's dynamic programming you have a gene and this piece is used over here or over there or over there and there's little teeny programs inside the dna that control when and where and how to use that piece but just recently i read a paper about um actually shifting of the information in the genes so if you start it at letter number one you can read out this information if you started writing letter number two you get a totally different information how on earth did that evolve like that i mean if you think of um if you read a story maybe you're reading a story talking about some swashbuckling pirate if you started a second level letter it's a chocolate chip cookie recipe we can't write that we there's no way we could intelligently program multiple levels of information into the same story and that's what we see in life and if we can't do it intelligently it's not going to happen randomly we're talking about something that is beyond imagination in terms of the complexity even from the standpoint of the kind of things we've uh done with software and we've done some amazing things with software that that appears to be is not even close to what you're talking about i'd like to say the genome is four-dimensional in software we write in lines of code correct well in mathematics we learn a line is a one-dimensional object it just has length so you can actually take a computer program and just write from left to right for millions of characters now on our screens we put carriage returns in there so we can read it but the computer doesn't know that it ignores the carriage returns it's just a line well dna is a line so in the naive concept of dna we had a line that had information in it but it's not simple like that because this piece of dna makes a little protein that comes over here and sticks on this piece of dna over here which turns on or turns off a gene my goodness it's like self-modifying code oh it's worse than that because this piece of dna over here makes just an rna that goes over here and interferes with this gene's rna they stick together they interfere they conflict with one another they turn things on they turn things off and if you want to draw that out you need a sheet of paper a very big sheet of paper you have to write all the letters of dna out on all three billion of them it would take i calculated about 850 bibles as one human genome and then you have to draw lines or arrows from one part to another part because this part turns this part off this part interferes with this this part enhances this it's this huge two-dimensional interaction network that's where you have a two-dimensional genome so it sounds like i mean let me stop here for a second because this is really amazing to think about this because i think in terms of a computer program that is fairly static i mean the instructions are there but you're talking about a program that is reprogramming itself it's modifying its own instructions wait take it to the fourth dimension oh okay because the third dimension first the the genome also folds into a three-dimensional shape this is a a3d the third dimension is actually the shape and the genes that are buried inside this ball of dna they're not active they're turned off the genes that are exposed are the ones that are used so whoever program that that string knew when it folded up which genes will be available at what time i say are you saying that when this instruction set folds onto itself it creates a whole new set of instructions yeah absolutely and it's mind boggling the information in that first dimension that linear string has to be organized in such a way that when it falls into the third dimension it still works oh that's amazing but it's it's it's so it's amazing when when they first sequenced a human genome sometimes scientists sat down they did something i would have done they said okay let's look at genes that we know are used in a biochemical pathway they might like 10 genes in a row to convert this into something over here well if i was programmed it i would have stuck them right next to each other in the genome so they looked and they weren't next to each other they're random they said these genes are used on different chromosomes or backwards they're full words they're just they said look at all the evidence of evolution it's just junk random changes over millions of years through all this stuff together willy-nilly it's just nonsense and we've heard that a lot we've heard a whole lot of junk dna yes but then someone figured out how to look at the genome in three dimensions first of all they realize the genome folds in a fractal pattern and it's beautiful but it's in a fractal pattern that doesn't make knots and so it folds up and when they figured out where the the genes were genes that are used together are next to each other in 3d space even if they're on different chromosomes when the chromosomes fold they bring those two genes next to each other and usually this cluster of genes is right next to a nuclear pore so when god programmed these genes he knew that when he had to turn all these genes on he needed them in three dimensional space next to each other so the whole biochemical pathway can be turned on the little things are are copied into rna the rna comes outside the nucleus is turned into protein voila okay so you've about blown my mind with that but you said there's another dimension oh yeah the fourth dimension is time and how does that work the genome changes shape over time remember i said the genes some genes are buried yeah and some were disposable you need those berry jeans at some time and so at different stages of development or sleeping versus waking or stress versus non-stress or after you maybe you eat something that's bad for you and your liver says i can get rid of that toxin now your earlobes they don't care they don't know what to do but your liver says i know what to do the chromosomes in the liver will change shape expose that new protein gene make copies of it build a brand new protein that can kill off that toxin and when it's not needed anymore they'll change shape again and fold back my goodness so what you're saying is that we could look at this i mean from a very simple perspective and come up with the phrase called junk dna yes and then we can even look at it when it's folded even though that is complex and say oh there's still some strange things in there but you're saying if it's not being used we might not recognize its importance true it is but some of the information in the genome is like scaffolding in the building the reason this piece of dna is here is because when it falls into the three dimensions it needs these two genes to be next to each other right so this stretch here might not have a functional protein associated with it but it still has a function it's very important so most of the so-called junk dna has been brought into the functional category just not in the way the standard paradigm predicted and it's funny because the more amazing the more complex things become the harder it is for the standard paradigm to explain it that three-dimensional ball of dna changes over the fourth dimension but the interaction networks in its second dimension they change because this gene turns awful that affects this one over here this one no longer talks to that one over there but it's worse it's even more complicated than that it's the first dimension that linear string yeah the program changes oh computer software people they don't like programs that dynamically rewrite themselves you get all sorts of catastrophe but we've learned that in the human brain brain cells have different genomes to other brain cells they're these little pieces of dna that they actually they make a circle and they pop out and they go over and they float somewhere else in the genome and they stick themselves in there and they turn genes on and they turn genes off and now we have different pieces of dna in different brain cells and that directs what type of brain cell it will become but our liver cells they have different genomes also there's a lot of chromosomal duplications that happen in the liver because if you need a biochemical pathway and a lot of it well make extra copies of those protein genes but different liver cells have different copies of different chromosomes and we've learned that in the mouse embryo there's a jumping gene a junk piece of dna an ancient viral infection the standard paradigm says which is boulder dash not true because this little piece of dna has to excise itself and jump around in the mouse embryo to turn genes on and turn genes off and if you deactivate that little piece of dna you don't get development it stops so it's necessary in the mouse it's probably something similar also probably happens in us dynamic programming all three levels change in the fourth level time rob that's that's that's so far beyond anything that we know even in our most complex software systems that it it's almost beyond imagination to think that someone would look at that and say it all happened by chance yes and only brings glory to god it does because the more complex it becomes the less possible it is to explain with natural simple mutational processes and if we realize that god is so far above us in intelligence we don't program computers like that because we're not that smart but he made us in his image we're good at copying things i predicted that computers in the future are going to be different because of what we're learning in the genome well we've done that in the past and we were talking earlier about how man has looked at the flight of birds and studied them aerodynamically and from that we've been able to create aircraft yes but it's hard for me right now to think that what you're talking about that we could even come close to replicating not yet not with any technology we have right now we are limited to silicon chips right now and that is so incredibly primitive compared to the technology that god engineered directly into life rob there's a complexity here that is just hard to imagine hard to even get your mind around and yet the conventional paradigm would tell us that all of this happened as a result of random processes over billions of years but that's hard to imagine that that could happen it is becoming impossible to imagine based on what we're learning but all different levels of life i mean the genome you can't build something like that up one thing at a time you need it to function in all is interlocking four-dimensional complexity it's not something you can do one letter at a time with natural selection it all has to be there yeah in the same way when we talked about the environment out here on the coral reef if you don't have all these interlocking pieces of that puzzle you don't have that ecology the system will come crashing down if you just remove a couple of very important factors that are there they have to be together or it doesn't happen so not only did we have this uh interdependency this mutualism so to speak down at the genetic level now we even make it more complex by saying there is that same mutualism at the higher level yes in fact the entire world has a mutualism think about it everything on earth depends upon photosynthesis everything depends upon plants grabbing sunlight storing that energy in sugar molecules if that didn't exist nothing else would exist so we're back to this notion to some extent of this uh the fact that the whole creation itself is built in relationships with each other it's all interconnected the relationships between pieces that we haven't even been able to see and think about and yet we're continually discovering and we're discovering them there are some which who would turn at this point to gaia or the universe being conscious or alive it doesn't fly because they're still appealing to this conventional millions of years paradigm and they're still trying to build it up step by step it doesn't work that way you cannot build high technology step by step it takes a leap of technology to produce something like a starfish right from nothing roberts are saying here is that it's impossible to think that all of this could have happened just by a series of slow processes over billions of years that's exactly what i'm saying when we talk about the cell we have to talk about technology when we talk about technology we have to talk about intelligence when we look at the mutual interdependence of everything that's happening inside the cell we realize systems like that don't come about through a stepwise process you've got things that have to exist or life cannot exist and they're intrinsic and important and found throughout all of life it has to be not built up stepwise but the whole system laid out spun up and then god let go and there it works rob i have to ask you this question then um we are accused often of just taking a leap of faith here in believing the genesis paradigm do you think it's a leap of faith for what you believe there is certainly an aspect of faith involved in any science i put my faith in my redeemer jesus christ i put my faith in my god but at the same time when i'm looking at the world my world is fitting in with what i read about god and about creation in the bible i don't have a gigantic scientific conflict i'm not turning my mind off i'm actually thinking through these things and my colleagues we are thinking through these issues and it is it is a wonderful place to be right now because right now with the technology that we're developing and the understanding that we're we're experiencing it is only pointing toward our creator you

Channel: Is Genesis History?

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Keywords: is genesis history, robert carter, genetics, dna, science, creationism, young earth creationsim, creation science, gene, design, intelligent design, marine biology

Id: 5IOXQRHfSb4

Length: 21min 34sec (1294 seconds)

Published: Fri Dec 11 2020