The ULTIMATE Fight For Survival | MEGA MARATHON | FULL EPISODES | Mayday: Air Disaster

this is a true story based on air traffic control recordings official reports and interviews with those involved tuesday august the 2nd 2005 charles de gaulle airport in paris 297 passengers are boarding air france flight 358 bound for toronto uh far aisle left-hand side is traveling with his wife and two of his four children they're stuck at the back of the enormous jet and they're not sitting together it just happened that we were separated from emily they had three seats together so we were in the middle section and emily was actually sitting a couple of seats ahead of us on the right side so close to the right wing of the plane for eddie ho flight 358 is the continuation of a trip that began in johannesburg i'm an international student in canada at queen's university and every summer i go back to south africa ho isn't travelling light i was carrying everything that i had my books to my clothing to tuition money for the year computer laptops this is also another leg in a long journey for joanne cordery bundock who's returning from a trip to thailand i rerouted myself in the last uh two days before the flight from bangkok through paris to come directly to toronto as the passengers continue to board the flight crew gets settled into the airbus a340 the captain is 57 year old alain rozai he's been with air france for more than 20 years his co-pilot is 43 year old frederick no do you want to start or should i uh why don't you fly first and then i'll take over for landing in toronto i check the weather on this flight the two men decide that captain rosai will handle the takeoff in paris and co-pilot know will land in toronto destination toronto pearson crews often split the duties so that co-pilots can get more experience rizzai and no are joined by one other person in the cockpit i think you've been expecting me miles tricia is the son of an air france employee he's allowed to ride in the cockpit's jump seat for free i just want to let you know i've done this before i promise i'll be quiet this air france plane is one of the safest in the world since the a340s first went into service in 1993 they've had an excellent safety record fast 358 runway 27 left cleared for takeoff here's the takeoff 358. have a good afternoon gentlemen [Music] just a few minutes before two in the afternoon flight 358 powers into the sky above paris toronto may be several thousand kilometers away but the friends and family of those on board flight 358 are already making plans to meet the plane when it arrives huh audrey i won't forget i'll make sure to pick up mom and dad no i won't forget the two brats either i'll get them all well we usually make arrangements before we go to france to be picked up it's easier because we have lots of luggage you know and we bring back stuff from france so uh it just happened that julian our son was going to spend the summer in uh in toronto and was available to pick us up what's this i'll give you a call soon as we get in don't worry i got it covered okay all right talk to you soon bye we have a humidex advisory and extreme heat alert for toronto as well as a a regular flight from paris to toronto takes about eight hours as air france 358 closes in on canada there's little to separate this trip from any other [Music] i found that their service was amazing the food was great they had very good flight attendants there were a lot of exchange students from france you know like teenagers you know coming to canada for their first time usually their first flight and they were very rowdy there was a beautiful day on the flight over and the sun was shining it was just blue skies and white clouds and just a lovely day the autopilot does most of the work for captain alain rozai and his co-pilot frederik know just as the two men had planned no is now in control of the plane we have a new weather report the two men get regular updates on the weather conditions in toronto overcast and rainy with a chance of thunderstorms temperature in the low 20s at toronto's international airport the thunderstorms are already rolling through rain wind and lightning are hammering the runways the lightning has already forced airport authorities to declare a red alert it means that the chance of being struck by lightning is so great that ground crews are not allowed to work on the planes [Music] just as flight 358 closes in on toronto it's put into a holding pattern the weather isn't getting any better there's going to be a little delay uh air france 358 so roger on delay ladies and gentlemen this is your captain speaking i'm sorry to inform you that there'll be a short delay there's some weather conditions above toronto and we're just going to give it a couple of minutes to clear up i was very surprised when i heard the captain's announcement that we were going to be delayed in landing for about 25 or 30 minutes because of thunderstorms over toronto while they're not in the storm yet the crew enters their holding pattern northeast of toronto their alternate airport is almost 300 kilometers away in ottawa at the moment the plane has a little over seven and a half thousand kilograms of fuel in its tanks more than enough to get them there typically a pilot will think about the economic impact of diverting to an alternate airport while that is not a primary decision maker it is an alternate decision maker as far as if they have to divert how are the folks going to be transported from that alternate airport back to the destination airport that the airplane was originally going to flying almost 300 passengers to ottawa would be a logistical nightmare but the crew can't circle for too long with the fuel they have if the delay continues they'll have no choice but to divert their canceled friends were cleared for a wassey ii arrival to maintain 5000 feet air france 358 roger on cancellation of hold cleared for washi to arrival and maintain today the delay isn't long at all although the storm continues to thunder down near the airport the crew is put into their landing sequence ladies and gentlemen this is your captain speaking we just wanted to let you know we are beginning our descent into toronto at this time we should be on the ground at about 4 p.m local time usually when they say 45 minutes you know it's to be nice you know usually it's like an hour an hour and a half this time it was like 20 minutes 20 minutes later they said okay well now we're gonna go down prepare you know for the landing with co-pilot frederick no of the controls the plane begins its descent into the storm france 358 reducing speed to 190 no isn't prepared for what he's about to face the storm has a savage surprise in store for everyone on board flight 358 the brutal summer storm is battering toronto winds and lightning are hammering the airport making it tense for incoming planes after a short hold air france flight 358 with 297 passengers aboard begins descending into the storm f speed landing gear down spoilers armed for green you're down spoilers arms fall green you'll be fine don't worry it immediately turned into very dark skies and dark clouds and a little bit bumpy and choppy and the weather outside was definitely within a thunderstorm but really and truly to me it was just a typical uh stormy landing nothing out of the ordinary in the main cabin though not everyone is so sure the plane was getting very bunky it was a lot of turbulence we were surrounded basically by heavy rail and this was completely not expected i didn't expect that know has the plane in position he's moments from landing ivy france 358 roger flaps the full flaps full it was going darker and darker we were like in the middle of hundreds and hundreds of lightnings like every second we had lightnings all around us so people were getting uh nervous uh quite nervous i was getting nervous ahead of the air france airbus two other planes have just touched down on the same runway that flight 358 is heading for fair france three five eight this is toronto tower toronto tower air france three five eight so go ahead you are cleared to land runway two four left be advised the preceding aircraft reports breaking action is poor and they estimate the surface winds near the runway as 290 degrees at 15 to 20 knots breaking poor 15 knots gusts to 220 france 358 thank you the crew is being sent to runway 24 left which will allow them to land into the wind it also happens to be the closest runway to the city's biggest freeway which is gearing up to handle the evening rush hour traffic facing unpredictable winds and a wet runway the crew prepare for the landing select auto bricks to medium medium is set the final approach for landing was um was hellish lightnings were all over uh turbulences were enormous uh you could feel the pilot fight with a plane to keep the the plane in line with a runway to land and i had a heck of a time to keep it uh lined up i know my son next to me was getting very nervous and i was nervous to see my daughter actually far from us i cinched up my seat belt tighter than it was uh expecting a very hard landing and the pilot was going to stick it on the runway or we were maybe going to do a touch and go and he was going to give it power and go around because i knew that it was not going to be just a normal landing landing at two minutes after four o'clock air france flight 358 roars over the beginning of the runway [Music] [Music] put it down this landing was more intense and harder than any time i've ever landed in another aircraft it's a very difficult landing and everyone started clapping and even the lady who sitting next to me i remember very clearly she said you know wow that was an amazing landing [Applause] [Music] and as soon as she finished that sentence then or hell broke loose [Music] we started just the the the plane started violently going up and down and it felt like we were going 100 miles an hour down a road filled with potholes that were about three feet deep immediately you could see this orange aura and for me it's a picture i will never forget my daughter was sitting on the head of us on the right side of the plane and at that time she turned her head towards us you know with very wide eyes you know looking at us and her face was surrounded by this enormous aura or orange aura of fire then moments after touching down still traveling at 146 kilometers per hour flight 358 runs out of room at that point that uh i believe that we were all gonna die it was obvious that no one can survive this kind of thing i thought this was it uh ah the next thing that i can remember is that a an announcement came ladies and gentlemen everything's okay we've stopped now well no kidding of course we've stopped now but i could tell that everything was not okay because i could immediately smell jet fuel as the smell of jet fuel fills the cabin panic quickly spreads [Music] everybody was expecting the plane to blow up it was obvious smoke and flames are spreading quickly now it's a desperate struggle to escape [Applause] now you hear shouting from the back that there was a fire fire and then people started really getting panicked if they don't get out they have just seconds to live we know that about two minutes into a fire in many cases the environment becomes untenable so 90 seconds is a good rule that we use in trying to get people out to make sure that they have as much time and safety as possible 290 passengers are desperate to leave the plane the only thing that matters to me now is to get my daughter emily who's sitting like two seats ahead of me get her get her under me and protect her as we blow up am i going to try to get my luggage my laptop and then i thought to myself what if i would die trying to get my laptop i just said okay i've got to get out i've got to get out flight 358 has eight possible emergency exits but seconds after the crash most of them aren't open people were crawling over the seats they were pushing each other they was basically all for yourself [Music] and i could see the air attendant there struggling with the fact that should i or should i not open this door because the fire was raging just in front of it if the fuel tanks rupture and we have a lot of fuel that gets out either onto the ground well then there's enough heat and fire there that would uh cause the airplane skin to melt in a couple minutes at the front of the plane thick smoke is pouring in through one of the open doors joanne caudery bundock races to the other side of the plane the gentleman in front of me had his bag with him and he was kind of fumbling around with that and trying to take that down the slide he was a rather large man and the slide did not deploy the entire way so i kind of bailed off the side above him and hit the ground eddie ho has found an exit too but there's no slide and people pushing me forward i couldn't even control myself um and i was like you know i don't want to jump as well because you know it was five meters down at least is he okay is he okay [Music] in the cockpit captain rosai has been badly injured when his seat was ripped off the floor by the force of the crash as precious seconds tick by the flight attendant near the lakais manages to open the exit door even though passengers are confronted with the flames and smoke of the burning engine they jump out of the plane so push them down my wife went down i went down we we just ran up as fast as we could uh through uh torn metal and thorns and like through whatever was left of the ground where the plane was once the fire gets inside the airplane all of the furnishings are much like the furnishings in your house and there are foams and materials that when they catch on fire produce toxic gases and that's really the uh the most important lethal aspect of the fire basically you just had to jump so what i did was you know i prayed quickly and i closed my eyes and jumped emergency workers are able to reach the burning jet just 52 seconds after it crashes but with the threat of an explosion it's dangerous to get too close it was very difficult to see anything due to the rain that was coming down there was a lot of smoke engulfing the plane some fire that was still ongoing um as well as you could see that some of the parts of the plane had broken off some of the wheels that were at the side of the roadway as well as portions of the plane's wings that had broken off philippe lakai and his family struggle up the hill the plane has just plowed down you know and at that point they the plane blew up once twice three times so you could feel and hear that this enormous explosion actually uh taking place on the first one i i looked at the first one because i just couldn't believe my you know i could see i think pieces of luggage things flying up in the air and of course at that time i figured oh my god you know that could have been us you know we had a perfect view of the airplane and see this black smoke coming out the side of the airplane and the yellow and the orange and the red flame shooting out we were fine but we just knew that there were so many passengers in that plane that had not gotten out [Music] august the 2nd 2005 air france flight 358 has crashed off its runway in toronto flames are tearing at the fuselage smoke is pouring from the ruined jet dazed passengers are stumbling from the plane passengers that were coming up again were very uh rain-soaked and muddy from coming up the hill there were several individuals that once they got up there were crying and a bit emotional uh as well as looking around for other passengers or or family or friends that may have been with them at the time about 35 minutes ago a plane ran off the runway at toronto's pearson airport footage of the crash quickly appears on local tv stations philippe dakai's daughter audrey is one of the many people shocked by the pictures she turned on our tv and here we go there was the air friends crash right here live in front of her you know burning exploding right in front of her eyes 250 people on board we have not had any reason uh to make a statement yet as to whether anybody has survived or escaped philly plakai's son julia is waiting for his father at the airport he has no idea what's just happened to the air france flight what what do you mean where am i at the airport waiting for my open bed like you what so jordan didn't know anything and he was there at the airport and she says well you know what i think you're gonna have to wait a long time because the airplane just crashed one of the busiest highways in north america borders the airport just before rush hour it's packed with thousands of vehicles drivers slow down captivated by the terrifying sight of the burning plane [Music] some of the passengers who've escaped the plane stumbled dazed and shaken right onto the edge of the highway [Music] passing motorists stop to take them to the airport [Music] at this point there was only about 25 or 30 people with me in the airport and in here you're you're also beginning to think is this all there is as people are brought in airport employees struggled to account for all the passengers and crew they were totally disorganized there's no announcements being made there's nothing of any kind of organization and you're in this little crowded area with all the irate passengers waiting to be processed some people even said you know the first disaster was the plane crash and the second disaster is exactly how it was handled afterwards relatives wait desperately for any news julian lakai is just one of many who fears the worst for at least an hour and a half we thought we were dead that's a shame because of course we uh we panicked we were scared to death but the families that were waiting for the passengers they were even more scared because it lasted much longer they really believed deep down that their family members were dead finally hours after the crash passengers who have waiting family members are reunited julian you're okay we finally met up with julian it was 11 o'clock at night it was uh you know god where's lucky we're so lucky we're alive you know [Music] it's hard to explain but it's like um you're giving a second chance you know here's my son you know maybe i didn't tell him i loved them you know when i left for friends now it's time to to say it right away it was it was a very nice moment very very deep moment it's just one of dozens of reunions it takes hours to confirm but by early evening air france and the local airport authorities can make the incredible announcement remarkably every single passenger and all the members of the crew of flight 358 have managed to escape the burning wreckage of their plane the next day smoke and charred wreckage are all that remain of air france flight 358 the airbus a340 is a sophisticated highly engineered plane with a glowing safety record what had gone so terribly wrong canada's transportation safety board quickly begins investigating the accident landing autopilot auto thrust off rain and lightning had been battling the airport all afternoon was it simply bad weather that caused this crash put it down put it down neither the pilot nor the co-pilot have spoken publicly about the crash [Music] lawsuits that were filed soon after air france has kept all of its employees who were on the plane from speaking to the media okay i don't know is he okay i don't know but former air france trainer vela bart has spoken to captain rosai we spoke let me think for half an hour he told me that this is the crucial point that he has control more specifically in form control that he had reached the point where he would have to consider diverting control what he told me is that control informed him that they would soon open the runway there was of course a lot of lightning rain and turbulence and turbulence can have a devastating effect instruments become more difficult to read the aircraft is harder to handle investigators discover that as the crew struggled for control in the cockpit on the ground delicate instruments used to measure the wind of the runway were destroyed by lightning with the ground equipment destroyed they were relying on their onboard systems for information about wind conditions the on-board equipment only gives them the actual wind direction and speed on the nose of the aircraft at that exact time it does not predict ahead of the aircraft so the pilots really have no way of knowing what lies ahead of them but two planes had touched down just minutes before the air france flight on the same runway the crews of those planes did their best to inform air traffic control of the tricky conditions air france 358 toronto tower toronto tower air france 358 go ahead you are cleared to land runway 2 4 left the advised proceeding aircraft reports breaking action is poor and they estimate the surface winds near the runway as 290 degrees at 15 to 20 knots breaking four 20 knot winds are strong but are well within the allowable range for landing an a340 but when investigators study radar images of the airport they discover quite a different story as flight 358 landed a sharp line of rain moved across the runway from north to south it was driven by a sudden gust of wind of up to 33 knots the crew of the air france jet had to deal with conditions that were much worse than they were expecting landing autopilot auto thrust off 33 knots is the demonstrated maximum crosswind for an a340 and that would be on a dry runway so when you say 33 knots at 90 degrees you're you're encroaching on the limits of the aircraft closely studying the airport investigators uncover another piece of the puzzle maintenance issues and the storm itself were forcing air traffic controllers to use runway 24 left for landings it's the shortest runway at the airport almost 650 meters shorter than some of the others blinded by rain driven by unexpected winds and landing on the shortest runway at the airport flight 358 was in a dangerous position over the previous four hours they had been made aware of the terrible storms and redolents and that was for me my biggest concern were they perhaps overtired were they lacks victims of routine in any case it's obvious that they hadn't gauged the extent of the zinger it's evident that the flight crew didn't perceive the information that they were getting from these various sources as being threatening therefore they attempted to make a landing but even in bad conditions even on a short runway the crew had three thousand meters in which to land their plane it should have been enough to find out why it wasn't investigators turned to the past in 1999 an eerily similar accident took place in little rock arkansas damn we're off course oh i can't see it struggling with unpredictable weather the crew of an american airlines jet landed their plane only to have it skid off the runway eleven people were killed greg feith helped investigate that crash one of the first things that i thought about was deja vu having the first bits of information about the air france accident it reminded me so much of the american airlines accident in the little rock crash fife discovered that the crew had made a critical mistake which contributed significantly to the accident they hadn't followed all of the checklist procedures and they didn't have the ground spoilers armed which basically degrades the efficiency of lift on the wing and settles the airplane heavily on the main wheels so that braking action is more effective spoilers are only one of several ways pilots of passenger jets stop their massive planes reverse thrusters are used to redirect the engine power forward as the plane lands and sophisticated brakes help slow the jets down to rule out any mechanical fault all three systems are examined by investigators of the air france crash one of the brakes on flight 358 was destroyed in the fire but the seven other sets of brakes are all tested after the accident all of them are working properly investigators in toronto also discover that unlike in the little rock crash this time the spoilers had deployed properly and when the engines are examined the reverse thrusters are deployed no obvious mechanical fault can be found [Music] as the investigation continues a french newspaper prints a bombshell le figaro publishes a story claiming that the thrust reversers which used the jets engines to slow it down were not turned on until the plane had been on the runway for more than 12 seconds as for captain rosalie he confirmed the newspaper report his explanation was that his co-pilot had 10 stopped and was having difficulty controlling the lateral movement of the plane no doubt because of the strong cross winds and because the runway was so slippery his hand was clamped tightly on the throttle release lever which prevented the captain from reaching it himself so the reverse thrusters could not be activated shortly after the newspaper story appears investigators published their initial report it confirms the figaro's version of events canada's transportation safety board reveals that while the thrusters were found in the on position at the crash site they had not been deployed as soon as the plane landed in fact it took 17 seconds before they reached maximum power the delay was a question raised in the in the report and i wouldn't want to hazard a guess as to why there was such a delay or what was the cause of it i just know that pilots as a rule want to get those reversers in as quickly as possible for maximum stopping the investigators reveal other confusing facts about the last few seconds of flight 358 when it came over the start of the runway it was twice as high as it should have been and when it did land it was nearly halfway down the runway in these stormy conditions the crew didn't have enough time to stop once they found that the airplane had floated down the runway the pilot has to make the decision whether we stay on the ground and try to salvage this bad situation or we abort the landing power up pull up and go around get our stuff together and then come back for a second landing france 358 but decisions in a cockpit are joint decisions the captain and the first officer work together if the captain sees that landing will be difficult he must open throttle and go through a board lending procedures that's his duty and of course the co-pilot is also allowed to be the first to act but the captain's duty is to avoid at all cost a lengthy touchdown that is clear by the time the plane touched down it had only fifteen hundred meters to stop and when it did land critical seconds were lost when the reverse thrusters weren't engaged would it have made a difference to immediately activate the reverse thrusters of course it would since reverse function reaches its peak efficiency at high speed that is the exact moment of touchdown that's what reverse is therefore it's all a matter of aerodynamic braking the other problem is that the wheels touched ground in the middle of the runway in reverse or no reverse at that point it was already too late as was pointed out by the head of the that being inquiry if the reverse thrusters had been activated immediately the plane would have come to a stop more quickly in heavy storms the margin for error is razor thin on this rain-filled afternoon sudden wind a long landing and a short runway sealed the fate of everyone on board flight 358 [Music] what concerns some in the aviation industry isn't this particular flight but the reality that overruns are far too common they happen all around the world and safety procedures that could stop them are not in place in august 2005 air france flight 358 crashed off the end of a runway in toronto it was a horrifying incident yet amazingly everyone survived but flight 358 wasn't the only jet to go off the end of a runway in 2005. worldwide there were 37 other runway overruns and the causes of all these accidents were remarkably similar there are a number of causal factors that occur again and again in runway overrun accidents the weather conditions the state of the runway surface it can be wet it can be icy it can have snow on it speed in excess of a normal approach speed for the aircraft that does not then bleed off as the aircraft attempts to land and these factors occur again and again in runway over on accidents unlike the crash at toronto some overruns are deadly this southwest airlines flight in chicago slid off its runway several months after the air france crash a small child was killed in a car that was driving on the nearby highway many older airports in particular in big cities which have expanded out towards the airport in the course of their growth are constrained in the area that they can use for overruns you have to consider what happens when the runway is contaminated snow ice standing water that will degrade the stopping performance of the airplane add to that a tailwind component which was existent at the time that air france landed that in combination with the contaminated runway can jeopardize the landing performance and in fact increase it probably by 50 percent the international civil aviation organization recommends that every airport have a 300 meter safety zone at the end of runways that handle international flights canadian standards are a little less strict they call for a 60 meter overrun area and recommend another 90 meters on top of that runway 24 left meets the low end of those recommendations there was another runway over an accident to the runway in toronto which was very closely aligned with the runway that is there at the moment in 1978 when a dc-9 and air canada dc-9 rejected a take-off and ran into the ravine while the plane started to break and then there was just nothing and then we dropped over the edges about a 50-foot drop i guess at the end of the runway we just went over the top and then there was a heck of a bang and people and seats all over the place two people died in the 1978 accident a coroner's inquest after the crash recommended that the gully be filled in but it never was it's a steep ravine it has about a 50-foot drop-off and when you take a large complicated and fragile piece of machinery like commercial aircraft and you drop it 50 feet then it tends to break there is a possible solution to runway overruns but it's not being used in toronto or many other international airports it's called emass or engineered material arresting systems it's a form of artificial stone or artificial gravel which has a certain depth and anybody who's ridden a bicycle into a gravel pit knows that a bicycle stops very quickly then it can be almost impossible to pedal it out and the same thing happens to airplanes several airports in the us use the system but most international airports do not it's very much more effective than friction braking and it's certainly incomparably more effective than thrust reverse and spoilers and any one of these systems when properly engineered can stop a large airplane no matter what the runway surface conditions in a very short distance but one vital air safety guideline was met when flight 358 crashed in spite of the smoke and the spreading fire the crew of the crippled plane made sure that all the passengers escaped in just 90 seconds it's just a miracle that all of those people were able to evacuate the airplane as quickly as they did before the airplane was consumed the air france flight was particularly noteworthy and that everybody got out essentially unscathed i know there were some injuries but but everyone got out so i think it was noteworthy and it was very good evacuation from that perspective captain alain rozai may never fly for air france again his injuries required extensive physical therapy after the crash at the time he was less than three years from retirement every morning captain jose relives the experience coming face to face with the flames the noise the crash and it made him sad to end his career on that note having destroyed this plane that's the worst possible fate for a pilot the worst outcome the co-pilot frederic know is suspended for three months after the accident by early the next year he's back on duty with air france there are reports that after he helped captain rosa out of the cockpit he was the last person off the plane the passengers deal with the crash in their own ways i went through nightmares almost every single night uh flashbacks during the day i couldn't sleep i couldn't eat you know i questioned myself why am i here it's frightening you know to to be in such a state and it has taught me to be strong [Music] we really need to take seriously [Music] those safety commands and evacuation information because you never know it was a perfect fight there's not any indications that anything can go wrong and it's right at the very last second that everything happens so it's thank goodness i'm here to be able to talk about it now [Music] open the door open the door there's a lot of negative in the accident and there's a lot of positive the negative is oh my god you know i'm gonna die oh my god it's horrible oh i have these nightmares and you know yes i'm traumatized and my kids are traumatized however you have the positives and the positives are gee i'm alive you know i have been given a second chance i have been given a second life and all of us [Music] my wife and my children myself we all experience the same positive effects of the crash which is we have to give back we have to do something for others we have to extend our heart out our compassion to people who need it it's almost therapeutic for us you know the more you do for others the better you're gonna feel so for me i figured you know if i can extend my heart out to others maybe it's going to help me as well [Music] it must be one of the most amazing flying stories of all time one that is still hard to believe an airliner full of passengers out of control at 17 000 feet and the pilot is stuck outside the plane in the cockpit three frightened flight attendants are clinging to his legs if he slips from their grasp the captain's body could be sucked into the engine and bring down the plane at the controls a young co-pilot is battling to get the plane to the nearest airport the lives of 87 passengers and crew hang by a thread a lot of people go through i think it'll never happen to me but you tend to go through life thinking it can i said i thought i was gonna die this bizarre accident tested the limits of human survival and the investigation that followed not only exposed the mistakes behind it but led to new ways of preventing them [Music] for the crew of the british airways flight from birmingham england to malaga spain the 10th of june began like any other day old friends about to do a job they loved [Music] stewards nigel ogden and simon rogers along with stewardess sue prince had worked together on and off for years they're an experienced capable team that takes pride in its work at birmingham um all the cabin crew and all the pilots they all knew each other we're all on first name terms simon was a good friend of mine anyway because we you know just go out for a beer or a curry or whatever like that everybody was friendly to everybody else the one new member of the group was alastair atchison an experienced co-pilot he'd just driven down from manchester that morning [Music] tim lancaster is captain he's been a commercial pilot for 21 years well we've got to get started eh chief steward john heward arrives to give the crew their final briefing good morning everyone right he's up the uh first officer yeah just down from manchester um i see a new face okay okay malaga right look forward to this uh right nice you can sit up with me up front and talk rugby uh sue where would you like over the wing okay so simon you're at the riot all right now just a few safety questions nigel before takeoff the co-pilot performs a walk around checking the outside of the aircraft for anything wrong in the cockpit captain tim lancaster reviews a log of the maintenance carried out on the plane the day before everything okay fine should just come out of maintenance by the look of it nothing much so just change the windscreen many of the passengers know the flight well and are looking forward to a relaxed trip to spain i was going to catch a plane from birmingham to malaga to meet my mum my sister and i were joining her there for a week's holiday a girls week i live in the south of spain and two or three times a year i come back to see my grandchildren and also my mother so everyone lives near birmingham so that's the route i normally take malaga of birmingham these unsuspecting passengers and crew were about to begin an adventure of a lifetime seem to have made yourself comfortable do right ladies and gentlemen this is your captain speaking my name is tim lancaster welcome aboard this british airways flight to malaga unfortunately it seemed laid back and uh quite jovial really most of us well it's a lovely day malaga blue skies sunshine sit back and enjoy the flight sunny and we still expect to get you there on time birmingham tower speed bird 5390 we're ready to start and push and gentlemen we are now going to take you through our safety procedures and equipment as this information is for your benefit we ask you to watch and listen carefully starting number two emergency exits are on both sides and shows you the emergency exit and all the emergency gear and because nobody's really watching one chat was quite blase he was reading the times and people weren't really bothering because we've all been on flights and yeah it's no big deal the air can be topped up by using a mouthpiece and there is a whistle for attracting attention [Music] 80 knots the bac-111 was known as the jeep of the skies a workhorse that was easy to maintain and had a good safety record at 43 tons this pressurized hull is carrying 81 passengers and six crew and is now climbing to 23 000 feet [Music] in just over two hours they should be in spain only a catastrophic accident could bring this plane out of the skies alastair i can see my house from here two minutes into the climb the pilots switch on the autopilot tim lancaster takes off his shoulder straps and relaxes into the flight now i went into the flight deck to ask tim and alistair what they would like to drink you gentlemen like a tea please the usual well one sugar please and i said your breakfast on it'll only be a few minutes now almost 13 minutes after takeoff and at 17 300 feet they're just 5000 feet from their assigned altitude but then in a split second everything changes [Music] with a huge explosion the captain's windscreen blows out into the sky almost immediately a white fog forms i saw that really intense stomach body shaking thud [Applause] we were just diving really and then we started to judder like this and i was a bit stunned i didn't i thought well oh god it's a bomb [Music] aleister the co-pilot is suddenly fighting for control in a 350 mile an hour wind there's no time to think about the captain who's been blasted out of the window by pressurized air escaping from the aircraft the rushing wind pins captain lancaster to the roof of the cockpit inside his legs have jammed the control column forward disconnecting the autopilot and pushing the plane down into a dive [Music] alastair atchison needs all his flying experience now he's on his own the captain's body is pinned to the outside of the jet as it hurtles down from 17 000 feet the throttles are jammed forward increasing the speed to nearly 400 miles an hour co-pilot alastair atchison has to take command while he fights to bring the plane under control steward nigel ogden can see his captain is being sucked out of the aircraft and i looked in the flight deck door was resting on the controls and all i could see was timmy out the window i jumped over put one foot in the captain's footwell and the other one was down the side of his seat i just grabbed him before he went out completely nigel ogden holds on to the captain for dear life outside a 390 mile an hour blast of wind at minus 17 degrees centigrade smashes into tim lancaster's body the tornado in the cockpit is giving atchison major problems air traffic control can hear his cries for help but the storm rushing through the cockpit drowns out their replies the captain's feet are still pushing against the control column and alastair is struggling to get full control of the plane he's now diving through some of the busiest air lanes in the world with the added danger of a mid-air collision from the cabin lead steward john heward sees the chaos in the cockpit and does what he can to help i looked up and there was nigel sort of hanging across the seat in the flight deck in front of me the flight deck door had fallen forwards and trapped itself between the actual door frame and the throttles of the aircraft so i literally stamped on it twice and it literally broke into three or four pieces behind on the wall of the flight deck there is a spare seat for anybody to observe the flight or whatever and i thought well if i put my arm through the seat belt there i can grab both of them and at least we've got some sort of anchor point inside the aircraft [Music] alistair who's never flown with this crew before has to leave them to their own devices and focus on getting the plane to safety he now has control of the throttles john and nigel have wrenched the captain's feet away from the control column but instead of slowing down atchison decides to continue the rapid descent [Music] it will quickly take him out of the way of any other air traffic and take him to a lower altitude where oxygen equipment won't be needed staying too long at a high altitude risks oxygen starvation and this older aircraft is not fully equipped with oxygen for all the passengers on board the airspeed indicator goes into the red [Music] in the cabin the two other stewards sue prince and simon rodgers are trying to prepare the passengers for what they hope will at worst be an emergency landing [Music] they've dived to eleven thousand feet in just two and a half minutes but as they level out and slow down to 170 miles per hour the captain's body is no longer pinned to the roof and slides round to the side of the plane [Music] [Music] working his way from the back of the cabin steward simon rogers now catches sight of the chaos in the cockpit for the first time now the aircraft had got to sort of fly in fairly level simon came up from the back nurse was beginning to get really sort of achy now with his arms and i knew he wasn't going to let go unless he was sure that tim wouldn't fly out of the window we all had fear in our eyes we were all very sick because we thought you know are the team's going to die or we're going to die you know that was going through my mind but it was up to alistair then and it was up to us three simon and john and myself to hold on to grim death all i remember is tim's arms flailing out his arms seemed about six foot long and he's i'll never forget that his eyes were wide open i mean his face was hitting the side of the side screen but he didn't blink and i i thought to myself and i said to john i said i think he's dead i think he's dead [Music] and i said it you and tyle have to hold on i can't hold on anymore i can't hold on anymore i've lost the feeling in my arms we decided to put simon i said to simon you sit in that jump seat and fasten yourself in [Applause] with simon sitting in the seat we'd freed tim's legs from between the control column and the seat so we hooked his feet over the back of the captain's seat and then simon literally put his hands on the top just so he was holding his ankles down hey look what's going on we're gonna be all right but i think the captain's dead well i couldn't believe it because he just told us what a lovely day it was you know blue skies sunshine relax and enjoy the flight and then next minute he's dead simon and alistair now face one of their most difficult decisions what to do with the lifeless body of the captain no words are said but for a moment the thought passes between them that the best thing would simply be to let it go but alastair's order isn't simply an act of compassion releasing the body at the position it was in it would have gone close to the upper area of the wing it could have damaged the leading edge of the wing had it gone over the wing it could very well have gone into the engine quite a lot of damage could have been caused by the release of the body so i think it was a very sensible decision to try and keep him where he was alistair has managed to get down to 11 000 feet without the captain to help he's operating the plane systems for memory and shepherding it around heathrow some of the most congested airspace in the world seven minutes out of contact with the ground he's able to hear the voice of air traffic control for the first time requesting radar assistance onto the nearest airfield please speedbird 5390 roger can you accept landing in southampton five three nine zero i am familiar with gatwick would appreciate gatwick alistair wants to land at gatwick airport as he's flown there many times before but southampton is nearer and even though he's never flown there before he knows he has to get down fast [Music] requesting radar assistance in southampton when you're going to an airport that you're not used to you normally have a charts let down plates that kind of thing that you can read up on and learn something of the airport you're going to but he knew nothing of sometimes and he hadn't been there he had no chance because everything had gone out the window there was no let down plates to look at the approach and so on [Music] all the maps and charts blew out of the window with the captain and only the air traffic controller can guide atchison he turns towards southampton southampton this is speedburn five three nine zero do you read speedbird five three nine zero good morning identified on handover from london radar six miles west of southampton airfield what is your passing level uh roger sir i am not familiar with the southampton request you shifted me onto the runway when he when he spoke he was um obviously stressed it sounded uh as if he was under under a fair bit of pressure what is your number of persons on board uh we have 84 passengers on board uh and i think that will be all until we are on the ground uh roger that's copied i've been advised it's pressurization failure is that the only problem uh the captain is half out of the airplane i understand i believe he's dead roger that it's copied my feeling was when he told me what was going on it was um one of disbelief because it doesn't actually happen you know it's one of these things that you see in films that happens in films but it doesn't happen in real life and it was sort of the the hairs in the back of the neck go up and there's this feeling down the spine the tingle down the spine and you think no it's not for real but it's got to be uh flight attendant holding on to him but uh requesting an emergency facility for the captain i think he is dead affirm what is your passing level uh leaving flight level uh 5 500 feet on uh turn 19. roger that's copied i'll uh give you a little bit more space then i'll turn you onto a heading of one eight zero yeah it's a full emergency it's a one rundle contacts the emergency services at the first opportunity could you confirm that the length of runway at southampton is acceptable for 111 yes it is acceptable for a 111 and i'll give you the figures shortly as long as we have at least two and a half thousand meters i am happy i'm afraid we don't have two and a half thousand meters neither do bournemouth we have a maximum of 1800 meters atchison is concerned that the plane is above its maximum landing weight being full of fuel for the journey to malaga and the bac-111 can't dump fuel if the runway isn't long enough he faces more problems whether the aircraft could actually stop on the runway or whether the tyres would burst or whether he'd go off uh go off the end of the runway uh that's obviously what he was worried about when asking for um two thousand two hundred meters five three nine zero thank you very much [Music] we are three queens and uh flats 45 so we are set for approach but make it please very gentle yes i would indeed you are number one traffic if you think about it all the airline pilot training is done with two pilots uh both compass mentors in the cockpit one flying the airplane and the other one doing all the emergency drills so what you actually had was the captain hanging out the window at least one person hanging onto his legs and alastair flying the airplane with nobody else to talk to five nine zero nine miles from touchdown you're clear to land wind indicates zero two zero degrees at one four knots descend to height to one five four zero zero feet qfe is one zero one seven roger sir descending to fifteen hundred feet talk me down all the way i need all the help i can get roger you'll be able to stop the aircraft on the runway and evacuate the aircraft on the runway he must have been about six or seven miles from touchdown and obviously at that point i kept talking until he was happy he could see the runway i was happy to continue looking out the window and land the airplane [Music] at the point he said he was visual with the runway i effectively stopped talking thank you very much i have the runway inside thank you you are clear the land do you wish me to continue with any further information negative 32 minutes after takeoff with 81 terrified passengers a nearly full fuel tank and the captain blasted out of the window alastair atchison attempts the most difficult landing of his career [Music] uh [Music] at 8 55 a.m flight ba 5390 makes a perfect landing at southampton airport immediately emergency vehicles surround the plane firefighters remove the body of the captain and lead the passengers and crew away [Music] i remember seeing the co-pilot the man who really if it wasn't for him would have been on the other side by now and uh is walking down the runway very slowly shaking his head and he got an ambulance man walking with him with his arm around the shoulders of the co-pilot and the co-pilot was shaking his head as if i remember that distinctly i don't know why but i do [Music] alistair atchison has carried out a remarkable piece of flying almost unprecedented in aviation history [Music] he has had to pilot his plane without his captain who has undergone physical stresses that nobody could have been expected to survive [Music] i think these extreme conditions no one expects to occur in their lifetime his survival time must have been measured in no more than tens of minutes as he became colder and colder and his body systems began to shut down tim lancaster's body was subjected to a two-pronged basalt [Music] the physical violence that his body suffered being blown out of the plane and the extreme cold and lack of oxygen at seventeen thousand feet every thousand feet of altitude causes the temperature to drop by two degrees centigrade so the temperature on the outside of the plane would have been around minus 17 degrees centigrade the extreme windchill also meant his body was losing heat very rapidly he would have lapsed into semi-consciousness and then unconsciousness and as the temperature his core body temperature fell he would have finally died as a result of the excessive cold in that environment despite the trauma that captain lancaster's body suffered there was one final twist to his story you know it's only once i've ever been here in the oxfordshire countryside john heward and nigel ogden are visiting one of their crew members who shared their horrific experiences here he is hi guys how are you nice to see you nice to see you mike nice like on sap when you go in and you've got to pretend the captain of that fateful flight tim lancaster somehow survived his horrific ordeal there were no fatalities on ba five three nine zero yeah that's it now you can go on the three day cruise across there as his frozen lifeless body was removed from the plane nobody thought that tim could have survived such punishment but remarkably he was slowly beginning to emerge from his horrific adventure tim can you hear me i regained some consciousness on the ground at southampton because i remember big red and white things which were obviously fire engines and ambulances not people and not conversation and then my next clear lucid thoughts are in hospital in southampton over the next few days all the bits eventually arrive back in my sort of consciousness and i put the jigsaw together and uh you know sort of played the whole story for myself and uh understood what happened [Music] there's a big bang a noise of all the air escaping but i remember watching the windscreen move away from the aircraft and then it had gone like a bullet it disappeared into the into the distance and i think there was an even bigger bang or there wasn't even bigger bang and i was very conscious of going upwards and uh well the whole thing became completely surreal then as it would and i was aware of being outside of the airplane but uh that really didn't bother me a great deal what i remember most clearly is the fact i couldn't breathe because i was facing into the airflow and i turned around and actually turned my body around i was sort of looking back along the top of the aircraft at that stage and i could breathe and yes i remember that i can remember seeing the tail of the aircraft i can remember the engines going around and uh and then i don't remember much role and then we stopped at that point i went down there last year but they've changed the airpods i'm glad they did hold on because tim was alive i mean he's a very strong man he must have been to survive that i wouldn't have been able to survive it that's all very dramatic it is that tim lancaster's survival was little short of miraculous he'd been minutes away from death it was alistair atchison's flying that saved his life his quick thinking in getting the plane to the ground in only 22 minutes saved lancaster from dying from the effects of exposure and by pure chance the physical trauma he suffered was limited it included a bone fracture in his right arm and wrist a broken left thumb bruising frostbite and shock remarkably within five months tim lancaster had made a full recovery and was flying of again the captain wasn't the only one to go through a horrific experience battling with the controls whilst the tornado raged through the cockpit was something no commercial pilot could be trained for [Music] the few pilots who are able to understand the experience of atchison and his crew include these young royal air force trainees [Music] they are being put through a simulation of an explosive decompression in this hypobaric chamber it duplicates the effects of a window blowing out at twenty five thousand feet individual intercoms checked and operated all connections console checks are complete clear to claim instructor the medical officer the atmospheric pressure is initially set to 8 000 feet this is the pressure inside the sealed cabin of most commercial aircraft anyone can survive this for many hours with no ill effects any higher than that and the experience is very different uh students listen will all students please indicate with a clear thumbs up but they are ready for rapid decompression eight thumbs rest your thumbs students standby for rapid decompression in five four three two one now the mist in the hyperbaric chamber is identical to the fog formed when the window blew out on ba 5390 at the instant of rapid decompression the air in the cabin can no longer hold onto its water vapor which is then released into the atmosphere as fog [Music] chamber altitude is stable at 25 000 feet high hold is unable crossbent is on and you're clear to commence hypoxia training [Music] once the fog clears then the lack of oxygen at that height begins to tell okay start copying these shapes in the right hand margin without oxygen at first we begin to see a reduction in their reaction speed and we see personality changes much like someone experiences when intoxicated with alcohol so we see that some students become euphoric some students become quite subdued and some students begin to develop forgetfulness of your college faces see if they get any prettier whilst you're becoming hypoxic we see increasingly impaired performance in our students thinking is slowed and their reaction speed becomes increasingly slowed until they begin to develop sort of lapses of concentration falling into unconsciousness and finally death if their oxygen supply is not re-established the blood is no longer carrying as much oxygen as it was this is all about you experiencing your personal symptoms and having others observe the symptoms in you flying alone battling nearly 400 mile an hour winds and defeating the possibility of oxygen deprivation alastair atchison's achievement in saving flight 5390 was outstanding [Music] even as the crisis was unfolding accident investigators were rushing to southampton to find an explanation [Music] on the ground at southampton airport the search for clues begins initial investigation shows no distortion to the frame of the windscreen so this rules out a problem with the structure the fact that there are no shards of glass also discounts a bird strike [Music] stuart culling senior investigator with the air accident investigation branch has little to go on windscreen was missing there was a certain amount of blood around there were some minor dents and scrapes on the fuselage as you'd expect if the window had gone past and really that was about it apart from a lot of paper scattered around inside one of his first clues comes from the log recovered from the plane he knows the plane had been serviced just the day before and that a windscreen had been replaced he immediately pays a visit to the british airways maintenance hangar at birmingham [Music] i wanted to find out exactly what had happened to the aircraft before it took off and i'd arranged that i should talk to the shift maintenance man who fitted the window there was a slight problem there because he'd been on night duty and consequently he had finished his shift at roughly the same time as the windscreen came out of the aircraft and he wasn't in a fit state to be interviewed he needed to get some sleep [Music] stuart good morning i was expecting you yes good thank you very much is this the hanging question this is the main hanger yes yes so in the meantime i i looked around the facility i made sure that any paperwork any records of the aircraft have been identified and taken away so they couldn't be accessed by anywhere else and waited until he came in [Music] hello i'm from the airb yes and this is my colleague what i'd like to do today is just to find out what went on that uh during that shift pattern okay and how it went thank you very much did you notice uh anything about the window itself any uh stress marks that were worrying my first conversation with the shift maintenance manager was relatively general because of that stage we had no evidence it was relevant yourself you didn't delegate it to somebody else and then check it out there's a phone call for you just coming oh right uh would you mind if i took this and um so i took the call and found that it was information about the windscreen which had been found it did cut and there were something like 30 bolts found with it most of which were one size short in diameter one size too small in diameter it was a crucial error on some planes windscreens are fitted from the inside and use the internal pressure inside the cabin to keep them in place but on the 111 the windscreen is bolted on from the outside any weakness in the bolts could mean that the pressure inside the plane would blow the windscreen out it appears culling has very quickly found the mistake and the guilty man um i've had some news which i think is very relevant i've heard from my colleagues who working on the bolts they tell me they're the wrong bolts they're the wrong diameter um no that's not possible they're the exactly the symbols he's a professional man he's very keen on doing things to his mind in the interest of the company and he's suddenly told that he's put a windscreen in using bolts of the wrong size and he's he's he's absolutely shocked i can show you i'm sure i got out there one thing that came out was that he said oh the old bolts went into a waste bin in the hangar where he did the job and they may still be there so we rushed across to the waste bin and found something like 80 discarded bolts this is where i put them these are the these are the bolts and these are the ones you checked against the new ones that's right yeah i took it from the carousel there's really excellent evidence gold as far as i was concerned well i'll take these away okay [Music] by comparing the maintenance manual to what the engineer had told him culling is quickly able to identify the first part of the sequence what went wrong the previous night when the window of the bac-111 had been replaced we went through the whole chain of events that had occurred and we found that there were something like 13 different anomalies which led to the fitting of the bulls and had any of these caused him to think the sequence of events would not have continued and it wouldn't have been an accident [Music] the engineer had come early into his shift and at about 4am had gone to work removing the old windscreen from the plane the hangar was full and the plane had been pushed against the hangar door which made the windscreen hard to reach stretched across the fuselage he had problems controlling his screwdriver [Music] the windscreen that he had taken out had itself been fitted with the wrong length bolts but they were still strong enough to hold the screen in and it survived without a hitch for four years but he was a conscientious engineer and he decided that he would replace the old bolts with new ones when he installed the new screen [Music] he chose not to go to the parts catalog and look up the exact bolts he needed instead he went straight to the parts store good morning [Music] there he matched by eye new bolts with the ones he had taken out of the screen [Music] his eye match was good and he found a few fresh bolts of exactly the same type in a draw [Music] uh what i'm after is i need 97 days i'm just doing a windscreen on a 111 over there and i need some new bolts eight days on the one eleven well no these are seven this is a seven i've just taken it out we haven't got any sevens anyway okay the store manager knew which bolts the engineer should have been looking for but the engineer chose to ignore his advice instead he drove to the other side of the airport to find a match for his bolts it was now about 5 15 am and in a dark corner of the hangar he continued to search for new bolts identical to the ones he'd taken out of the plane but in the gloom his luck finally ran out he thought they matched but they didn't he picked bolts that were just over two hundredths of an inch too narrow for the job [Music] returning to the 111 he stretched over the plane and began fitting these new bolts working at an angle he couldn't see that the new bolts didn't fit correctly [Music] signing off at 6am the engineer had managed to get his work done in time the plane was now ready to be handed over to captain lancaster and his crew in fact it was a disaster waiting to happen the morning of the next day the 111 was at 17 300 feet the difference in pressure between the sealed hull of the jet and the thin atmosphere was climbing quickly to the half ton per square foot it would reach at 35 000 feet this pressure was looking for a weakness and it found it for culling finding out what had happened that night is only the first step no one had hidden from him what they'd done but he knows that he has to go deeper to understand the reasons behind this horrific sequence of events why the engineer did what he did and whether this was an isolated incident or the symptom of a bigger problem excellent investigation certainly on aircraft comprises two parts the first part is what's happened and that's usually relatively easy bit and the second part is why did it happen why did the engineer ignore procedure bypass the technical manuals and ignore helpful advice culling's search for the answers was in its own way revolutionary if we talk to people without giving a warning we felt we'd get more information because they'd be freer to discuss it if we gave them a formal caution as it were we thought that they would dry up coffee this place is great how's the journey in oh well usual stuff they decide to talk to the engineer well away from the hangar in a cozy hotel room well thanks for coming in to gain insight into the methods of the maintenance engineers culling then does something no one had done before he brings in a behavioral psychologist is the aircraft normally in the hangar when you're doing that uh psychologists have been used before to analyze why pilots make mistakes under pressure it's a discipline called human factors but in 1990 using human factors in engineering was unheard of i wanted a professional slant on what is really psychological territory i would hope that as far as the shift maintenance manager was concerned that it gave him extra confidence that we were trying to be even-handed and we were trying to get to the bottom of it you know the parts catalogue um uh when you uh when you're getting the bolts out um do you go straight to the past catalog or do you just sort of um not usually right no if i've got a set of screws and i'll do the same screws i'd just go get them up out of the carousel right you you find it easier to do it visually it was in that case easier to do it visually from the box you take that yeah yeah because the the same bolts that come out the same ones go back in yeah same size bolts there's no difference and if it worked before it must be the right bulge yeah just replacing like with like really yeah because it had been flying we were somewhat horrified that they had that they admitted those things to us because after all we were officially inverted commerce they were quite proud of them we would have thought that had they used such practices they they would get very quiet about it if i'd had to go check with the computers what bolts i needed and what parts and how to fit the thing then there was a good chance it wouldn't have been flying at the time it was meant to be good good so when you're doing the job now you're an experienced engineer it might not be by the book or the time like you would train somebody who was new no we've been doing these things for years calling was stunned by what he was hearing but there were more revelations to come the engineers dangerous approach was becoming clearer by the minute you trusted your own knowledge better than the store supervisor's knowledge well i'm an engineer i got 7d bolts out so i put 7d builds back in yes well you know no problem with that it's that simple so you trusted that the aircraft had been flying so therefore they must have been the right balls uh yeah that that aircraft into lots of hours with that windscreen their whole aim was to expedite work through the through their station they had a lot of work coming it was all done at night and in many cases they had more work than they could reasonably handle and they had devised little stratagems to to get around that culling and the psychologist's insights made their way into the first draft of the report it said that there were systemic faults in the maintenance procedure in birmingham but under pressure from british airways lawyers and because they hadn't carried out their investigation following normal procedure the final report was forced to change its emphasis our buyout i mean the treasury solicitor or whoever was advising the branch confirmed that uh under natural law it was it was unfair to use that information because we hadn't gone through the whole procedure and so we we had to remove that from the report the investigators had never produced an accident report like it working with the psychologist culling developed a completely novel way of using human factors to explain why this accident happened they uncovered pressures in the hangar that caused an otherwise proficient engineer to make potentially lethal mistakes whilst being certain he was doing the right thing this psychological approach took air accident prevention to a new level [Music] through the sheer skill of the crew of ba 5390 as well as a small measure of luck 87 people are now still alive as a consequence of this investigation others may never have to go through the same ordeal in the aftermath of the accident the crew were treated as heroes they received numerous awards and aleister acheson received the coveted gold medal for airmanship their colleagues also showed what they felt [Music] one of the most moving things was to go back to birmingham as we walked into the airport the whole of the airport stopped and all the ground staff and all the checking girls and all that just stood and applauded as we walked through the building and it was it was really quite you know moving at the time you sort of wanted to get out of the way so that you could sort of you know i don't really want to do this like walking up the red carpet sort of thing their colleagues were applauding a team which had demonstrated the highest form of professionalism at every level a cabin crew which worked as a team in extraordinary circumstances and the co-pilot an outsider who took control and worked alone to bring them all safely down to earth each of the crew dealt with their experience in different ways tim lancaster began flying again with ba just five months after the accident he's retired from ba but loves flying so much he's now with another airliner a special day when the first day i flew it i decided you know that was what i was gonna do i was gonna make an effort to go back to work and get better so having made the decision the rest was easy for nigel the man who ran to tim's aid and held on to him for dear life the impact of that day was far more profound i think about it every day and that is the truth i think about it every single day [Music] in one form or another yeah every single day uh it'll affect me till the end of it nigel along with simon and sue no longer fly but john heward is still with british airways as a chief steward but even he isn't free of the memories of that day they were bringing in another british aerospace airplane to where i worked in birmingham and unfortunately that window was fitted from the outside and the layout of the cabin was identical and when i sat on it it all came back to you [Music] but for that reason i've gone back to work at heathrow and fly long-haul flights again because those aeroplanes have got no resemblance to the 111 at all alastair atchison who is still flying for british airways chose not to take part in this film for each of the crew the experience will stay with them in different ways but common to them all is that on that day their numbers did not come up tim explained it very well actually and he said our names were on the page but we went to the top and i think that was you know probably true [Music] on december the 11th 1994 philippine airlines flight 434 is two hours into the second leg of a routine flight from manila to tokyo an unsuspecting passenger is sitting on a ticking bomb [Music] the explosion on board cripples the flight control system unless the pilot can regain control the jumbo jet may crash into the pacific ocean [Music] this is philippine airlines 434 a bomb has exploded on board bravo oscar mike bravo the bombing is a frightening new development by a terrorist on the cutting edge of science the way that the timing device was hidden inside the casio watch just made the whole the whole thing very concealable and very worrisome but this is more than the hunt for a terrorist bomber this is a story of how investigators make a shocking discovery the explosion on pal-434 is only a test for an attack on american carriers an attack that would dwarf every other terrorist atrocity at the time [Music] it's before sunrise on december the 11th 1994 while most inhabitants of this city of a million and a half have a few more hours to sleep 26 year old amaldo fulani makes an early start fulani is not his real name it's the alias he's chosen for today's mission he's actually from [Music] through an pakistan test everything must go like clockwork in his line of work there's no room for error he is a highly skilled terrorist bomb builder he packs the liquid explosive bomb very carefully from his apartment downtown it takes less than 30 minutes to get to the airport he arrives in plenty of time for his 5am flight with philippine airlines [Music] before he can board the bomber must outwit airport security screening procedures he's designed the components of his bomb to pass undetected by x-ray and metal detection equipment or so he hopes he bought the ticket as amaldo forlani he's a skilled forger and he has made himself a fake italian passport with that identity if his cover is blown his career as a globe-trotting terrorist is over [Music] having successfully got the bomb through airport security he boards his philippine airlines flight [Music] the final destination of powell 434 is tokyo but there's a stopover in the philippine resort town of cebu over 550 kilometers to the south of manila this is as far as the bomber is flying today [Music] that's 10 000 feet and weather's still looking clear thanks dex let me get you autopilot good morning ladies and gentlemen this year captain ed reyes speaking welcome aboard flight 434 flying south from manila to cebu and continuing onward to narita airport tokyo flight 434 is under the command of captain ed reyes a former air force pilot who's been flying for philippine airlines for nine years and our estimated arrival time is now 5 45. the first leg of the flight is fairly empty passengers are scattered around the jumbo jet's 400 seats after takeoff the bomber is able to move he chooses seat 26k located directly over the center fuel tank in some 747s the cabin is tended by stewardess maria de la cruz she flies domestic routes and has worked for philippine airlines for one year [Music] can i get you some juice or coffee [Music] now the bomber must find a vacant lavatory to assemble the explosive device arming the bomb only takes minutes but requires total concentration the final step is setting the timer so it will explode in four hours time long after he leaves the plane [Music] he hides the bomb in the life jacket pocket underneath his seat he then changes seats [Music] when she returns maria de la cruz notices that the roving passenger has moved seats again she will remember that he left his breakfast untouched and that the rest of the flight passed uneventfully as philippine airlines flight 434 begins its final approach into cebu more passengers are getting ready to board the aircraft that will take them onwards to tokyo [Music] automatic pal 434 lands in cebu at 6 50 a.m and several of the passengers disembark including the terrorists with the alias amaldo forlani bye-bye thank you maria de la cruz will also leave flight 434 a new cabin crew will take over for the four and a half hour flight to tokyo 256 new passengers board the 747 that arrived from manila many of the passengers in this cabin are japanese among them is 24 year old engineer haruki ikegami he's looking forward to getting home to tokyo after his first trip overseas [Music] airport congestion delays the departure by 38 minutes but the timer on the bomb under c26k continues to tick 8 30 a.m december the 11th 1994 all passengers for philippine airlines flight 434 are now on board for the leg to tokyo [Music] none of them is aware that two hours earlier a terrorist planted a time bomb under one of their seats stuart fernando bayat is assisting passengers in the forward cabin on this four and a half hour flight at 8 38 pal-434 is cleared for takeoff [Music] on the flight deck captain ed reyes is assisted by first officer jaime herrera and systems engineer dexter commendador reyes and commendadore are both former air force pilots [Music] haruki ikegami is seated in 26k the seat occupied by the bomber earlier on the first leg of flight 434 from manila to cebu several passengers in this cabin are co-workers traveling with a japanese tour group including keisuke aoki and masaharu moshizuki i was reading a magazine then the meal was served after eating i went to sleep 31 year old yukihiko stayed up all night on the last day of his trip and he's ready to nap after breakfast [Music] he's sitting in row 27 one row behind the seat vacated by the bomber four hours earlier ladies and gentlemen speaking it's a beautiful day in tokyo sunny and 26 degrees i expect we'll be landing at narita airport in two hours time two hours into the flight pal 434 is cruising on autopilot 10 000 meters above minami daiito island southern japan to ease the pilot's workload the autopilot remains on throughout the flight keeping the aircraft on a constant heading at altitude [Music] [Music] god forgive me that was my inner uh i thought you know god forgive me i think i'm going to die now then after that i have to do what i had to do oh i've lost control i have control dex check the presidentization loss be prepared check the qr84 although the autopilot instantly corrects the aircraft bank to the right the effect of the blast is far from over there was a loud bang which woke me up i could feel the plane expanding from the pressure i saw smoke as well as debris falling like powder ladies and gentlemen the injured people were trying to get away from the area where the bomb was i stood up and saw that a lot of people were bleeding i thought my life was over stay in your seat the cabin crews first priority is to stop passengers leaving their seats yukihiku usually is sitting in the road directly behind the explosion both his legs are badly wounded steward fernando bayat moves him away from the blast site [Music] now turns his attention to haruki ikegami he has been swallowed by the smoking hole where c26k used to be i saw this man only his head and his arms were peering out of the hole so i tried to pull him out [Music] after the struggle to lift him out bayat realizes that part of the lower half of ikagami's body is missing within a couple of minutes he dies the cabin crew do not want kegami's death to panic passengers so they pretend to minister to him biot then reports to the captain captain okay keep the passengers calm make sure they stay in their seats there's been an explosion in road 26 one dead and several injured in the cabin's full of smoke there's a hole in the floor go inspect the damage dex yes sir reyes first concern is that the blast could make a hole in the aircraft's skin this would lead to sudden depressurization in the cabin and necessitate an emergency descent there was a huge gaping hole beside her and if a small tear in the skin of the aircraft was if there were a hole there it most probably would open up and then pull us out of the aircraft when i saw that there was no damage to the outer skin i went up and reported to the captain well we assumed that the pressurization system would hold immediately after the explosion the copilot steering wheel slams to the right at the aircraft banks in the same direction the autopilot immediately corrects the deviation but soon reyes discovers that the autopilot steering system is another victim of the blast then i said okay i'm going to try to turn the airplane using the autopilot but there was no reaction whether i tried it to make it go down or up or left and right turns no reaction i said now we have a problem this is not reyes only problem in the cabin one of the injured passengers needs urgent medical attention tokyo is still two and a half hours away and reyes decides to try and land at naha airport on the island of okinawa located 74 kilometers to the west he orders the co-pilot to make a mayday call yes sir [Music] pal 434 heavy declaring emergency explosion on board we have casualties requesting emergency landing at naha we will need full emergency services on landing please repeat say again now pal 434 heavy declaring emergency explosion on board we have casualties request emergency landing at naha we will need full emergency getting the japanese air traffic controller to understand the emergency proves to be difficult [Music] this is philippine airlines 434 flight level 3-3-0 a bomb has exploded on board bravo oscar mike bravo bomb explosion request emergency landing at naha and there was silence then the controller came in another control an american okay philippine 434 i'm taking over the american air traffic controller is from an american base on okinawa turn left heading no i shut back uh we cannot turn at this moment yet we will tell you when we are starting to turn towards naha we have problems with our flight controls ladies and gentlemen this is your captain speaking we will be making an early landing at naha airport in okinawa we'll be landing as soon as possible so please remain in your seat with your seatbelt fastened but landing at naha is easier said than done the autopilot is not responding to any of reyes commands and pal 434 is heading straight past okinawa reyes must find a way to steer if he is to have any chance of landing safely but disengaging the autopilot might result in losing what minimal control he still has over the aircraft okay let's keep the seatbelt sign on when we disengage the autopilot we might lose control so be ready since the autopilot won't react to any inputs that i make i was scared if i disengage the autopilot the aircraft might make a sudden bank to the right that we might not be able to control the count of three i'll disengage one two three one two three nothing happened and then there was we were relieved i can't turn using the controls looks like the explosion jammed the hell around what's the qr8 say about jammed ailerons the qrh or quick reference handbook is the pilot's bible that lists procedures that must be followed in emergency situations james flight controls use maximum force possible including both pilots if required okay that's force reyes tries brute force to activate the ailerons the panels on each wing which turned the aircraft since the explosion he can only fly straight i'm not getting anything from that ailerons can't get off this heading okay re-engage the autopilot while i work out our options it's taking much longer to land than was announced we were told it would only be 20 minutes but it was really one hour before we landed it was very frightening although they survived the bombing passengers are now getting anxious about landing safely at naha airport since there was so much time before landing i started writing a will i wrote the will to my son telling him to be strong as pal 434 looks like missing naha airport reyes comes up with another plan we gotta turn we'll have to use differential power disengage auto throttle pull back three and four captain reyes increases thrust to the engines on the left hand side of the plane and reduces power to the engines on the right very slowly the aircraft starts to circle right he then lowers his speed to make a smaller radius turn with guidance from air traffic control reyes hopes that the maneuver will eventually line up with the runway at naha so while we were descending on low speed i tried to test the flight controls and there as there are some little reactions the elevator is beginning to respond next the elevator is a control that makes the plane ascend and descend 250 knots flaps one on speed in order to land safely reyes will need at least minimal control over the elevator and rudder as pal 434 nears naha he continues to reduce his air speed flap stand set speed two to five okay she's turning sir if we reduce our weight we will be able to reduce our approach in landing speeds suggest we don't fuel reyes orders the systems engineer to dump 36 tonnes of fuel less fuel means less strain on landing gear and breaks a touchdown i was terrified when i saw the smoke trail behind each wing i thought something must be burning and there would be another explosion as the time to touchdown gets closer reyes worries that the bomb may have done more as yet unknown damage to the aircraft i'm not certain our landing gear will hold up strap yourself in the cursor so he talked to the head of the cabin crew and he said we're not sure if the gears will go down and in case the gears collapse while landing be ready to evacuate it's either you you make it or you die that's because you cannot do anything anymore runway in sight with only minimal control over the aircraft reyes faces the most challenging landing of his career 10 000 meters above the pacific ocean on a flight from the philippines to tokyo [Music] a terrorist bomb cripples the flight controls of a jumbo jet as pal 434 starts its final approach the 292 people on board are pinning their hopes of survival on the skill of captain ed reyes i know all everybody was scared we are all scared i know that you're down the gears were supposed to come down a few seconds but that was the longest second that because we were waiting for the greens to come on take a long time it took a long time it was a long few seconds until it when it locked three green sir i'm disconnecting the autopilot and landing manually okay dex monitor my descent rate call altitude and speed flaps 30. okay 500 feet on course 5 30 set helping with the elevator when i say push i want you to push okay 200 slightly left correcting push 100 50 30 power off [Music] i made sure that the throttles were closed because he might give a go around and i would make sure that we would stay underground [Music] okay oh ladies and gentlemen this is captain speaking we'd like to thank you for your cooperation and your patience emergency crews are on their way we'll try and get you out of here as soon as possible thank you [Music] the philippine airlines 747 is now a crime scene under japanese jurisdiction as investigators from the okinawa police department set out to solve the mystery of what happened they turned their attention first to the dead man in c26k forensic pathologist recovered 94 fragments embedded in ikegami's buttocks by the explosion he suffered severe internal injuries and massive loss of blood but tragic as it was the effects of the explosion could have been much worse if the explosion had been sideways it would have blown a hole in the plane [Music] he died to save the rest of us ikegami's body bore the brunt of the upward blast but the explosion severed the steel cables in the ceiling that controlled the rudder and elevator the charge also severed the copilot's control cable to the right aileron one of the control surfaces on the wing which make an aircraft bank and turn the downward force blew a hole in the floor and could have ignited the vapors in the center fuel tank creating a catastrophic explosion but by chance on december the 11th c26k was not located above the tank fortunately for us we took a different version the sas version of the 747 that day and that specific seat for that version was two seats forward of the center tent the okinawa forensic investigators immediately start work collecting evidence from the bomb site they begin with the largest fragments of debris and then systematically work down until the smallest particles are retrieved by vacuum cleaner [Music] japanese investigators cannot identify the bomb's detonator but by separating out bits of metal plastic and electrical wire that do not belong to the plane components of the bomb are pieced together [Music] one forensic investigator is able to identify the bomb's timer by reconstituting dozens of burnt fragments he discovers it's a modified digital wristwatch investigators also discover that one of the bomb's 9-volt batteries is only sold in the philippines it's another clue that suggests that the bomber could be based there philippine national police deputy chief sonny razon is on the case in the later part of 1994 we already started to receive information intelligence reports that there were middle eastern personalities that were here already in the philippines on the night of january the 6th 1995 almost four weeks after the bombing of pal 434 the philippine police get a lucky break in his manila apartment the pal-434 bomber has enlisted the help of an accomplice to mass produce his new undetectable bomb [Music] an attempt to burn off chemicals gets out of hand acrid smelling smoke spills out of the apartment [Music] it attracts the attention of the doorman who comes to investigate what's going on we play him with some fireworks but it's okay we put them out and we have all the windows open inside and we keep the door closed it would be fine okay yeah you all opened the door if we open the door the smoke come in the hallway close the water window okay it's okay it's okay until the smoke dissipates the bombers decide to wait outside the apartment the doorman isn't convinced by their playing with fireworks story and he calls the fire department and the police by the time the firemen come the smoke is gone and they leave after a quick check the bomber now realizes he's left a very sensitive item in the apartment and he persuades his friend to retrieve his laptop he was too clever a guy to come back and expose himself because all along he knew that that would be too risky for him to go back and be caught the bomber's fear of getting caught is justified once police inspector ada farazcao learns that they're from pakistan she insists on seeing their room for herself the police in manila are on high alert due to a planned visit by the pope in a few days what inspector farascal finds confirms her worst fears about the intentions of the tenants [Music] you know [Music] the shot distracts the apprentice and he trips over a fallen palm tree but the cop discovers he has no handcuffs the doorman improvises with the drawstrings of his windbreaker in the meantime the bomber vanishes one of the first senior officers to arrive at his apartment is sunny raisin incident at the dona joseph apartment was the breakthrough in opening our eyes that the al-qaeda terrorist cell was already operating here in the philippines the philippine national police know they've stumbled onto something big and they inform interpol scotland yard and the fbi when news of the raid reaches the joint terrorism task force in new york it immediately grabs the attention of fbi special agent frank pellegrino for two years he has been hunting a terrorist called ramsey youssef and it looks as if this might be his man well he was always on focus since 93 i mean at the time that was the you know he was the biggest fugitive around as philippine police comb through the apartment they begin to find more evidence tying yousef to the bombing of pal-434 [Music] there was a similarity between the watches that were found in the apartment and the type of uh watch that was used in okinawa putting together that that watch that was the watch that was on the bomb uh on that flight 434 and identifying those pieces eventually as a casio watch you know it was amazing youssef is a skilled forger investigators find several identification cards bearing various names and photos in each of which he looks quite different one id card is of particular interest so almost there's a dig to us this you know the id card used the first world trade center bombing date as the date the card was issued so we knew right away it was was joseph that was had been in the apartment they knew chemicals the chemical dictionary uh was a very well used item underlined highlighted well-read notations throughout the book something that he used quite often and know i don't remember the exact number i think there might have been 100 latent prints found on that that belonged to him they knew electronics the way that the timing device was hidden inside the casio watch just made the whole the whole thing very uh concealable and uh and very worrisome the identification of the bomber of pal-434 and the discovery of his bomb factory is very disturbing news for those responsible for airline passenger safety ramsey youssef is an international terrorist who knows how to get his bombs past airport security bombs that are small but if strategically located can blow up a jumbo jet and kill not just one but hundreds of people and the bomber of pal-434 is still on the loose [Music] the philippine national police have stumbled on the hideout of an international terrorist [Music] the fbi identified him as ramsay yusuf evidence that armaldo fulani the man who planted the bomb on pal-434 is the same person as ramsay youssef comes from the travel agent who sold him the philippine airlines ticket [Music] ramsay youssef is just one of several aliases of a man who tops the fbi's most wanted list an international terrorist with a two million dollar bounty on his head youssef whose real name is probably abdul karim was born and raised in kuwait where his father worked as an engineer it was there that he met the friend that he enlisted to help him in the manila bomb factory when he was 18 youssef's family returned to their pakistan homeland yusef married and had two children soon after returning home his parents sent him to study in britain he was taking classes both in engineering and using the computer so he definitely has some talent in summer breaks from college in the late 1980s youssef returns to pakistan he puts his new engineering skills to use by teaching bomb making to militants in training camps near peshwa pakistan these camps are fertile ground for making contacts with militants worldwide [Music] in september 1992 youssef flies from pakistan to new york to prepare for a major terrorist attack on arrival at jfk he presents a fake iraqi passport and asks for political asylum from saddam hussein the ploy works and he's allowed to enter the country six months later on february 26 1993 one of the largest homemade bombs in american history explodes in the garage below the world trade center killing six people injuring hundreds and causing 500 million dollars worth of damage that night youssef is on a plane back to his home in pakistan he was an action figure he wanted to keep doing things he wasn't happy with the one success he had 18 months after the world trade center attack yusef flies to manila to fine-tune the bomb that he plants on pal-434 according to sunny raison the philippine capital suits him ramsey yousef [Music] loved to enjoy life he was a he is a ladies man he associated himself with a lot of girlfriends and he liked to party he he also drunk a lot and he enjoyed the life terrorism they are your normal day-to-day people the guy next door after the bombing of pal 434 youssef arranges for his childhood friend abdul hakim murad to assist him in manila but on january the 6th 1995 two weeks after his arrival murad is arrested and sent to the philippine police headquarters for interrogation it took 67 days to extract the details of how yousef planted the bomb my impressions of him was that i was a strong-willed he was determined initially he did not break down in questioning and it was only when the fbi team that came in and provided us with the additional information or pieces of the puzzle that we did not have that he started to talk tiny chemical traces of the explosive were found on pal-434 and murad eventually admits that yusef uses liquid nitroglycerin that is stabilized and concealed in a bottle of contact lens solution [Music] murad also reveals that youssef hid the bombs potentially suspicious components in the heel of his shoes most airport security systems only detect metal above the ankles i picture you was cool as could be he was somewhat uh cavalier in his attitude towards these explosives and chemicals to carry a container of nitroglycerin on an airplane and yeah maybe a little nuts murad's confession provides details of youssef's actions after he successfully got the bomb components past airport security can i get you some juice or coffee trust me [Music] yusef designed the device so the innocent looking components can be quickly transformed into a lethal bomb yusef has modified a digital wristwatch as the bomb's timer this is wired to a detonator inside the bottle of nitroglycerin [Music] two nine volt batteries provide an additional electric charge to the exposed filament of a light bulb that will spark the explosion [Music] [Music] yusef sets the alarm for four hours later when he anticipates the plane will be flying high over the pacific ocean [Music] youssef plants the bomb in a life vest pouch under his seat a place ground crews are unlikely to inspect during the stopover in cebu soon after he gets off the plane and disappears [Music] four hours later the time bomb under c26k awakes the airline industry to a new kind of terrorism [Music] murad's confession confirms pellegrino's suspicions this is just the kind of sophisticated plot he has come to expect from ramsay youssef but pellegrino is still shocked by what murad says next pal 434 was only a test a dry run for a much larger terrorist plot that will kill thousands of airline passengers a highly skilled terrorist ramza youssef has already set off a new type of bomb on an aircraft now the fbi discovers youssef wants to blow up more planes and he continues to evade capture fbi investigators find evidence of youssef's meticulous planning on secret files on the laptop that he so desperately wanted his accomplice to retrieve on the laptop computer found in the joseph apartment building was a file which laid out a plan for five individuals using code names individuals not mentioned on the plan to uh board about three planes each two planes a couple people have three planes planting bombs on the planes and then returning back to their home hoping when they planted the bombs and with the timing devices if everything went well all bombs would go off within about a six hour time period uh any more than one would have been been an airline disaster um so you know if they were 50 successful in their plan i think it would have scared a lot of people for a long time [Music] the file on yousef's laptop reveals that the plan code named bojinka is foiled with no time to spare the bombing of 12 american planes is meant to kill 4 000 passengers yusef's campaign of terror against the airlines is scheduled to start less than two weeks after the bust of his bomb factory in manila by the time pellegrino and the fbi team arrive in the philippines yousef is long gone so it was a worrying it was a missed opportunity um but we we also on a lot of these fugitive type cases you know we're all not that different and everybody goes home everybody needs to go home and so the investigation again would focus back uh to pakistan the fbi immediately begin a publicity campaign in pakistan promoting their two million dollar reward for assistance in arresting yousef the strategy works yusuf's latest recruit for yet another airline bombing blows the whistle on the day yusuf is due to leave his hotel in islamabad at pakistani swat team moves in [Music] our delta and united airlines flight schedules as well as bomb components hidden in children's toys [Music] you have a warrant the informer receives the two million dollar bounty for the tip-off which prevents yet another airline attack he was shocked did not think he would be he would be caught he had a certain confidence about him and i didn't think he thought we'd ever catch up to him within hours of his capture youssef is extradited from pakistan and put on a waiting us government plane with the cooperation of the japanese and philippine governments the fbi arranged for yusuf to stand trial in new york city for the pal 434 bombing as well as the earlier 1993 attack on the world trade center in a convoy of federal and local patrol cars ramsey ahmed youssef was brought into new york city late wednesday night ending at worldwide manhunt he was arrested tuesday in pakistan by pakistani authorities and brought back by the fbi on a u.s plane then into custody with heavy security on the street in case of any terrorist attacks prompted by his arrest at his trial a year later in new york southern district court youssef decides to handle his own defense against the advice of the judge he performs better than expected but he's found guilty on all charges related to the bombing of pal 434 and conspiring to bomb 12 american passenger planes youssef is also found guilty in a second trial for the world trade center bombing in his final summing up yousef justifies his actions yes i am a terrorist and proud of it and i only support terrorism so long as it's against the united states government and against israel because you are more than terrorists although pakistani youssef describes himself as palestinian by choice and he justifies the pal 434 and world trade center bombings as punishment for a u.s foreign policy that favors israel over palestine for both crimes he's sentenced to 240 years in prison the judge recommends solitary confinement for life in the most secure prison in the united states located in florence colorado it houses the country's most violent and dangerous prisoners and it's where yousef will spend the rest of his life confined in a cell for up to 23 out of every 24 hours we cannot afford to uh just sit down and count our victories with the arrest of ramsey yousef somebody else has already replaced him and somebody else is already thinking of how to circumvent these security measures that we put up in the year following yusef's attack on pal-434 the federal aviation administration certified a machine to detect explosives not one american carrier bought it only after 9 11 was a law passed that required u.s airports to deploy explosive detection systems but the most reliable models are expensive or too slow and still not widely employed well they were still saying you know we have to be right 100 of the time terrorist only has to be right once although there hasn't been a successful airliner bombing since pal434 those who forget the past may be destined to revisit it you

Channel: Mayday: Air Disaster

Views: 657,502

Keywords: Mayday Air Disaster, Mayday Air Disaster YouTube Channel, Mayday Air Disaster TV Series, Plane Crashes documentary, air crash investigation, where to watch air crash investigation, where to watch plane crashes, mayday air disaster streaming, where can i see mayday, mayday full episodes, worst plane crashes, mayday miracle escape, mayday season 4 episode 1, mayday blow out, mayday season 2 episode 1, mayday bomb on board, mayday season 3 episode 6, british airways flight 111

Id: NeroOLGmuX0

Length: 149min 7sec (8947 seconds)

Published: Sun Feb 27 2022