The Ocoee Massacre: A Documentary Film | WFTV

there are injustices in u.s  history never told in history books sometimes the bad actors and their loved ones  would rather dismiss it as troubles of the past   the afflicted and their descendants hold  on to the pain and silence 100 years ago   july perry he had the audacity to organize his  community to vote in a presidential election july perry and mr norman  knows they were going to vote   and they knew that the whites did not want the  blacks to vote the kkk warned there would be   trouble an untold number of blacks were killed  on november 2nd 1920 and the days that followed every home was burned and  when the home was set on fire   if people tried to flee you  know they were gunned down   in the 1850s you really see the first settlement  one of the first settlers to come is jd stark he   comes from elsewhere and settles here in the 1850s  he does bring with him 23 enslaved individuals   and it's prime agricultural land people are you  know looking to sort of make their break and so   he actually comes to this area in the  land between lake stark and like apopka   and begins growing citrus ocoee of the  early 1900s was bursting economically   because of its fertile ground in and around lake  apopka meaning that many people were moving here   from the carolinas georgia how did black start  earning a living in an area that was controlled   by white families that settled here first they  were working for white employers when it came   to agriculture specifically they just saved  and when they had the opportunity they started   buying property and you're looking at black  families who were working in the carolinas picking cotton as i was told once by my  grandmother you can make more money picking citrus   than you could picking cotton wherein with cotton  you would probably make 40 cents on a 100 pounds   so that's a lot of cotton for 40 cents so that  you could pick oranges by the box sometimes   75 cents a box 50 cents a buck moses norman and  valentine hightower they came from south carolina   looking basically for better work alan frank's  family the mcneely's you have the browns and then   also jack and annie hammeter family those are the  the earliest families that we can tell and who was   july perry july perry was a very powerful black  man july perry lived here and was a businessman a   prosperous individual who would contract laborers  to come into west orange county to harvest the   citrus grow mos norman was a friend and neighbor  of july perry's who was also a labor broker   moses norman was a little bit more ostentatious  about his wealth he drove a very nice car he made   no apologies about being successful in 1920 there  was a thriving african-american community almost   half of the city of ocoee based on the census  what's happening in florida months leading up   to that election day back in 1920 leading up to  that time black people were becoming equally or   more successful than the whites but i would say  there's three factors that are really starting to   add to this pot it's like a big boiling cauldron  and what those are start with world war one   of course world war one a lot of young black men  go to world war one and part of the belief was   that if we go and we fight for this country we're  proving we're invested we are here we're fighting   like everybody else if we come home maybe there  will be better equality you had the republicans courting the black vote black women during this  time they're the organizers i mean they are   really starting to say like we deserve this and  when our men come home it's it's about equality   so you've got all of these different things sort  of happening in florida and what happens um is you   start to see a rise in white supremacy and ku klux  klan activities specifically throughout the state   trying to essentially quash the votership  throughout the state who are the characters   in our round ocoee who are trying to rally  and encourage blacks to vote in november   the the people who are most often cited are judge  john chaney and w.r o'neill they are actively   they are republican and they are actively  seeking um trying to help black voters get   registered they receive a letter from the kkk  stating you had better stop offering lectures to   the black community about exercising their legal  right to vote or else july perry and mohs travel   back and forth to orlando and coming up with you  know strategies to get people to vote he had black   and white folks working for him 100 years ago he  had the audacity to organize his community to vote   in a presidential election it could change the  dynamics of politics and many blacks would be   loyal to the republican party because of abraham  lincoln freeing the slaves take us back to that   day november 2nd 1920 and just tell us how  that day started oh excitement especially for   those who had paid their poll taxes this is the  big day we're going to finally be able to vote   they had a system set up where there would be a  screen in downtown orlando that screen was used   to update people about the election results  in the case of the massacre was also used   as a call to arms to bring white able-bodied  men in order to assist with the what they call   the riot we know that just days before there  had been a large ku klux klan march through   orlando 200 to 500 people is the estimate and the  sentiment of course was you had better not try to   vote if you are black and living in this area so  initially when moses norman goes to vote there's   some dispute about whether he initially brought  a gun or brought one later but he is refused   at that point he goes to see judge cheney who  had assisted him and others in registering to   vote judge cheney was like a savior you know  he was a man of great standards and statute i   don't think he's been acknowledged enough for his  role his sacrifices and he says to moses norman   you go back over to there and you're all going  to vote you're going to vote today you're going   to vote you know you got your you paid your poll  tax what are they talking about go back you know   he gets into a fight or scuffle and i think he's  struck upside the head so he's heading out of   dodge now he goes by and says to july hey man i'm  out of here i'm gone and then later on a posse   and then later a larger mob went there the posse  included clyde pounds sam stalisberry and at some   point at frank gordon clyde pounds is someone who  a lot of sources say deputized the posse former   mayor lester dabb's thesis said it was not clyde  pounds but instead frank gordon who led the posse   it transformed what would have otherwise  been a rogue group of angry people into   really a government actor locally and in ocoee in  orange county a lot of the local politicians and   the law enforcement were members of the kkk and  what happens at perry's house all hell break loose   lieutenant sam salisbury goes there and with  the posse and they tell him they're looking for   mose norman and when he told his daughter he was  19 karifa at the time he said look honey look   look at me look at me honey honey it's not time to  panic listen to me honey i am not going to make it i'm not going to make it get your mother  and your little brothers and you get out   of here you go as fast as you can as far as  you can because i am not going to make it a few men of the city of ocoee came to my  great-grandfather's and my grandmother's home and began a conversation from outside   in that conversation he pretty much was telling  them i don't know what you're talking about   and no one's in here but me and my  family and i'm not coming out there that was a terrible day my dad said well the wind  the news had gotten around that july perry and mr   norman knows they were going to vote and they knew  that the whites did not want the blacks to vote   my granddad and i imagine maybe some of the  others had made a plan and they knew that if uh   he could get his children and them to  plymouth they would be safe and welcome   i remember her telling me that the people  came in and they were surrounding the   house and how they had to lay  low as they started shooting so she just wanted me to know your grandmother was  in this situation and that she was shot karitha is   injured she later shows i believe it's in an  orlando sentinel article the bullet where the   bullet wound had been in her arm she said there  was so much gunfire you could see the tracers   of the bullets flying through the house just one  side to another they were all heading toward i   guess the back of the house or a toward a door and  she said this door had a a cat hole in it and she   said it was large enough for people to you know  of their size to be able to crawl in and crawl out   while on the inside she was absolutely distraught  and she was terrified you know and yet at the same   time she said courage was kicking in at the  same time necessity survival i get emotional   about it because they had to run and my dad one  of the brothers was a paralegian so they had to   my dad had to carry him on his back they had to  go into the swampy area out around lake apopka so i'm assuming it must have been dusk or or  evening or toward you know night and she said   a beam of light from the moon shined on this  field she knew that it was a sign from god   and they all got on their stomachs and they  began to crawl she said we could see the feet   the boots the shoes of people from the township  that were shooting into the house shooting their   father she had never seen a father again and did  not know really at that time what had happened   he manages to escape in the crossfire and hide  in a sugarcane patch outside of his home with his   arm blown away and at some point his leg became  broken as well he's either transported to the jail   or he is taken directly to be dragged behind  a truck to orlando whenever he is taken to   orlando he's taken outside the home of judge  cheney which later became a country club   he is hanged outside of there and his body  is riddled with bullets he was lynched not because he was doing anything wrong  because he was doing everything right   not only for himself as a father as an  activist as an uncle as a law-abiding citizen none of that mattered you'll see  on the death certificate that   he died by being hung but then you see in  markedly different handwriting that it was   not caused by the racial disturbance so you have  this certified public record that is demonstrably   false and it makes you question the credibility  of other public records at the time and there's   kind of an effort to minimize who july perry  was if you look at his death certificate what   happened to your relatives the rest of them after  that incident all those that were living in ocoee   none of them tried to stay none of them  they were leaving that they didn't want   to even kind of like aretha said she  didn't even want to hear the name okay and those who did not run out of ocoee and  remained in their homes were cremated in the   homes because the homes were set afire but before  that this had been a thriving community with   african americans who lived there and when they  ran they left behind their dead and the dead uh   bodies were in the cemetery so i've taken all  of the individuals listed in the 1920 census and   i'm doing their genealogy forward and what that  means is i'm trying to find them we have found   people who've gone to conway to apopka to a lot of  individuals went to hillsborough county and tampa   area fort lauderdale and some members of the mob  were killed that is another question that has yet   to be decided how many people actually died in the  ocoee massacre and depending on who you talk with   the number ranges from three to sixty so the  initial investigation would have been walter   white's investigation he was a white passing  naacp secretary so he went in and and was able   to blend in with the community and really get  the white community to tell him what probably   really happened they were really proud of what  happened they were telling him about how they   were taking home body parts as souvenirs the naacp  then wrote to the department of justice pleading   with them to investigate they found that no one's  constitutional rights were violated and no one was   deprived of the right to vote you're talking about  the bloodiest day in american political history   and you've had people in central florida that  really didn't know about it whatever happened   to the property that your grandfather had  in ocoee do you know coming from plymouth   we had to come that way my dad would  show us she said see all of that   we used to own that and every time my dad would be  talking about that sometimes we see a little tear   you know coming from his eyes all that they lost  it was actually stolen it's still stolen land to   this day it's still land that belongs to not  only july perry but other descendants of ocoee   and that land has blood on it july perry's  property ends up in the hands of bluford sims it's   conveyed with this the condition that it can  never again be conveyed to a black person for   example the hammer's land it has a clause  that's saying that it wasn't signed under   threat of force were they ever compensated in any  way for that property that they had to abandon   no no no no no there's a lot of no's some of the  others i think got a penny or two and i do mean   when you compare to the value of the land  my name is marcie bodyford and my mom moved   to ocoee in 1977 when i was in the first grade we  would just be driving down this street and they   would be calling us all kind of and i told them  don't say nothing just ignore them i was pulled   over in 1981 here in ocoee and just everything  just like collapsed inside of me everything   came back to all the fears we were told and we  weren't told why we just figured we just figured   because nobody lived here at that time for white  people that we shouldn't be in ocoee after sundown bottles were thrown in our windows while  we slept spilled bottles while we were   at night and by the grace of god we never woke  up because if we would have we would have been   scared to death what did you know about the  home or the home that you were going to buy   or build in ocoee at the time everybody was  trying to talk me out of you know what happened   i never even heard what happened i didn't start  hearing about it till a little later in life   i mean i did hear that there was hangings but i  didn't know the reason for the hangings were you   one of the only black students at school  beside your siblings there was probably   two more three more families that moved like over  the course of me being from first grade to sixth   grade i also had one of my teachers tell me that  you know we were the first black students that   he ever had and you know he said he learned a lot  from us but they didn't send their kids to school they took him to apopka school because we already knew it was dangerous the  street that i grew up on it was amazing during   that time we had three different cultures  of spanish we had two families from guyana   so it was just mainly the people that you know  lived in ocoee and grew up in ocoee you know   that was from oakley that you know had a lot of  races you know attitudes or whatever so once they   got to know us and know that okay we're not bad  people our life began to change for the better so   i felt like we paved the way to make a change  in ocoee so that black people would be more   accepted in 1994 actually we started looking  for another place to live so i'm excited   and i run home and i say honey  guess what i found our house   it's an okay and she looked at me without  batting an eyelash and said no we're not and i was like maybe you didn't hear me same house fifty thousand dollars less why not my  grandfather would always alert me about ocoee   you can't go anywhere near ocoee you can't drive  by you can't you certainly can't be there after   dark you know you just can't go to ocoee i  really didn't know the reason why until later   but i knew that they well he told me  that black people were not allowed there   so he really like put the fear of god in  me like you just you know you could be hung   you could be killed we moved to ocoee in  1997 the parents and the families we just   tried to figure out how to how to exist and how to  live we lived in ocoee but we didn't necessarily   shop in ocoee or go to schools in ocoee so then  once you bought the home once you were living here   did that change did you get any  additional reaction from people   and i mentioned to a couple of friends that i went  in walmart and people they were staring and she   said um yeah you'd live in ocoee and i said yeah  i live in ocoee and she said that's why they're   staring because you you're in ocoee and you're  black and i thought no that's not why they're   staring and so i really brushed that off and  and then the next thing was our neighbors moved i just thought wow this is like a little mini  paradise and then about a week after i got here   i heard um jojo on the radio say that reminds  me of the massacre in ocoee and i thought did   she say okay and so then i went about trying  to figure out what she was talking about   what did you learn about the massacre in school  nothing nothing at all no that there was no no   curriculum on the ocoee massacre at ocoee middle  or ocoee high school i was filling out my fafsa   for financial aid because i had applied  for colleges and i got to the question   where it asks are you a descendant of rosewood  i didn't know what that was so i asked my mom   and that's how i saw the ocoee massacre  from doing a internet search on rosewood i think over the years i think there's been   a willingness to not talk about what  happened because it was just so painful   well it's a community that's emerging and  it has a past that we have to surmount but   before you can surmount your past you have  to acknowledge what it is five pounds was the   orange county deputy sheriff back in 1920. he  deputized the mob that was led by sam sellisbury   clyde pounds had a son named edwin pounds evan  pounds has a daughter named marilyn johnson   marilyn johnson is the white mayor's wife i feel  that the mayor actually has a problem with ocoee   massacre and everything that happens because  it is it hits too close to home for his family in 1969 former ocoee mayor lester dabbs published  a report with an accounting of the massacre that   started on november 2nd 1920. it was based  on interviews with whites who participated   there were disputes about the facts then and even  now the accounts depend on who's telling the story   resistance to acknowledge what happened to black  families has been strong deeply rooted in the   long-time political and family structures in ocoee  the current mayor grew up in the city and has   never spoken in detail publicly about the massacre  or growing up in an all-white ocoee until now i'm the mayor of the city of oklahoma florida  hometown boy and my mother decided we were moving   to florida to honor my grandmothers my father at  the time was he was a carpenter but he was also   the assistant the superintendent of chain gangs  in oregon county which is one of the biggest   counties in south carolina there wasn't a lot of  diversity no there was no diversity all of us were   caucasian but winter garden had the black school  so that's what it was in that time so i want to go   back to 1920 because certainly you've had talks  in your home about it because of your wife's   family connection to mr clyde pound so never  heard a word about him until a little while ago   and sheriff moore deputy he was a deputy and  he told him to go uh deputize the deputies and   that was it i never seen him never heard of him i  know what kind of man edwin panels was he was one   of the most kind-hearted general people that you  would ever meet using the words racist because his   father did that he was a racist then his daughter  was a racist being i was married to her i was a   racist it makes me hurt inside it hurts me and i  don't know if it was on purpose that it didn't get   out i heard whisperings of it when i was growing  up i knew something had happened my parents never   talked about it and i'm sorry it happened but  i think ocoee has evolved so much more now   where do you live at no i'm asking because  i had his wife tell me the other day he did   so i don't know i didn't work i'm i'm not married  all right yeah i live in where what's your address   because i know you don't live here but that's  fine time out please i do live in ocoee where   i'm going i'm not going to say it if you do just  say i'll tell you where i live okay just because   you're comfortable okay telling people  oh that's fine i don't care do you think   that connection at all has made it difficult for  you sometimes to talk about 1920 because of no   not at all i believe in i believe you should talk  about it that's why i went to montgomery alabama   that's why i went to sell my alabama that's  why i got on reverse the board to help work   on this to help move it to the where we  get to where we are today you know there   are people who are going to see this and say  i don't believe that he i can take you through african-americans houses whatever you want to call  them go to their house and introduce you to them   and they know me they know me who i am and how i  am you've got other ones that i have no intentions   of wanting to know who i am they want my job what  do you remember hearing about what happened on   election day honestly truthfully you never heard  that we were a small town nobody ever brought it   up it was never brought up because we didn't have  people living here that would question what you   did the whole united states was like that it  wasn't just ocoee you might not believe this   but i don't understand how anybody could have that  kind of mindset when you became mayor was there a   part of you that knew you would have to figure  out how to continue bridging the divide that   existed in ocoee yeah i i worried  about it but i thought about it and   i have served for 34 years and i  told you i've talked to you before   if i didn't do what was right i wouldn't get  elected when you grow you grow in everything   but you grow with the mindset of people things  are going to happen you are going to see what   was in the past you are going to hear new things  we've talked to quite a few of the descendants and one thing that remains consistent from all  of them is that they want to hear something from   you that they haven't heard i'm not going to say i  apologize to that if that's what you're coming to   i told you i didn't do anything i will say i am  sorry for what happened i don't think it should   have ever happened the city wasn't the one  that did it it was people not all citizens   i can't apologize for people from apopka i can't  apologize for people from winter garden clermont   orlando i'm actually the first african-american  commissioner city commissioner in the history of   the city of mccoy by 2001 we were poised to move  from orlando and looking for a place to stay and   we thought of ocoeee as well as maitland that's  when i started getting bits and pieces of the   information about the city and it's known for its  racism it's racist past and i told my wife i said   we we can't move the maitland and she says why i  says ocoee has to change at some point from your   perspective what does the past political structure  here in the city affect what we know now as a   calling the political structure in ocoee has  been stagnant so you've had commissioners that   have been elected over 20-plus years but i  think the city is changing the attitudinal frame of reference that existed  in the city at that point in time   was that we know what happened but we're not going  to address it we've got too many residual effects   that could grow out of it because at that point in  time there was still relatives of people who had   been in the been involved democracy forums formed  in early 1997 and the founder of our group curtis   michaelson had helped a gentleman young man by the  name of otis mcaster get the job here in ocoee at   the radio station oda said for three consecutive  nights that he worked in ocoee he was followed by   a policeman so he already said after the third  night he says i'm not going back to ocoee he   said ocoee is not a place for a brother so curtis  michaelson becomes very curious as to why he said   of course not a place for a brother and that  launched the organizing of democracy for the   city manager was a gentleman named ellis shapiro  he's since passed away but mr shapiro somehow sent   the message to me that they were interested  in forming a racial reconciliation task force   essentially what the white people on the task  force said to us is that you have they literally   said these words you need to let sleeping dogs lie  which we were okay until outside agitators came in   and started staring up short and my work with  the reconciliation task force involved finding   the grave of july perry now remember what his  contributions had been and the role that he played   in the city of ocoee and he lies in an unmarked  harper's way things that are painful are things   that people would many times not want to dwell on  i do know that there are many people who said that   it just did not happen and my question then is how  do you explain the census records after becoming   a member of the human relations diversity board  it had not settled in my heart in my conscience   that an entire population of  african-americans had been deprived of   their lives their lands the mission of the board  at that point in time was to be a go between   the community and the city  government the board was   was superficial i think that attitude  prevailed probably until 2018. we did mlk we did black history celebration  uh and other than that we had no other   outreach into the community we have to own up to  our past we have to honor truly honor our past   without any uh politics being involved get rid  of the stigmatisms of old ocoee versus new ocoee   and i think that once those things start to  happen we'll start to change the stigmatism   of racism that we've dealt with  for so long for a hundred years mccoy has a certain old school feel to it you  know it's a small town character required to   me is like a old southern woman i think it's kind  of sweet and um i love it i see a city that's um   emerging and thriving i love the streetscape and  the quaint homes and it's very peaceful very quiet what efforts have you been a part of to try and  change the character and perception of a coding   i love country music i love country music and  there's an event called founders day that they   were having i want to attend it and a lot of my  friends were like no you don't want to go there   you know you don't want to do that i found  out that founder's day was being celebrated   on or near the anniversary of the ocoee  massacre when i dug more into you know   the history of the massacre and what happened  i realized that the founders were the ones that   perpetrated or helped facilitate the massacre  what's troublesome about this founder's day   celebration that it occurs during the same time  that july period was slain and moving forward   this community is asking you about celebrating  about acknowledging what happened 100 years ago   i see an overlap between honoring  my ancestors and this founder stand   the city council must veer away from celebrating  founders day founders which are individuals who   not only betrayed our federal government but  fought to uphold an economy based upon slavery   slavery based on people because of the color of  their skin in in 26 years we'd only had it on   november the second two times two times so they  started this big war about because we were having   it in november on november 2nd so i moved it last  year to october so i moved it again then i changed   the name we're going to call it delcoy music  festival but that don't make them happy either what are some of the landmarks that remind you of  the city's past there is a an area that's enclosed   that used to be the black cemetery and that's  one of the first interactions that i had with   people in ocoee when a developer wanted to build  homes and we were told well this really is not a   cemetery because there are no headstones and  then later the headstones were discovered   in someone's garage we made steps to try to put  a marker there and i think i just saw something   recently they have a bench there and it's hard  for me to even visit because when we started   that process it was all weeds and trees and it  was just horrible how it was being treated when   you look at the cemetery that was considered  for whites at that time everything was perfect you know why should we have bluefish simmons  you know road he ran an ad in the sentinel   you know saying beautiful land for sale from  the negro street recently left come see me   to buy it why can't we have a most norman road  why can't we have a visit hightower you know why   can't we have a hickey and why can't we have  these people named in our city as opposed to   bloopers sims who was the one that was selling  the land it represents somebody who helped   cause the people of africa to sit to  leave the community so no he shouldn't be   revered you can't erase all history but you  you should acknowledge it in the right way why was the july perry foundation formed to  bring honor and awareness to the legacy of   july perry and the inquiry massacre we want to  preserve that legacy in a way that was truly   honorable of the victims of the ocoee massacre i think that we need to we need to just talk  about it honestly i had a bill that would provide   reparations to the descendants of ocoee that  was met with some resistance in the legislature   but when you're talking about a situation where  land was stolen and violence was inflicted on   people they were run out of their homes and then  land was illegally transferred with the help   of government entities i think you have to  talk about repairing people financially walk us   through the process of drafting that legislation  getting it to where you got it to my intent was to   memorialize this event that's why i had naming  opportunities where schools would be named after   people that were killed in the massacre but also  there was an education component i believe not   enough people know about july perry's story my  kids were never taught that and they both went to   ocoee middle school and ocoee high school and so  i think there's that's important because just like   other things in history this is something you  need to know so you know how to move forward and   not step back again and know what had happened  i felt a great sense of duty to pass this bill   i felt like it was bigger than me can you take  us even deeper behind the scenes to some more   of those conversations i had a conversation  with a leader in the senate who told me that   they supported the education portion of this bill  but they would in no uncertain terms financially   repair the victims of the ocoee massacre that  part was dead on arrival describe the resistance   that you faced in the house it did not have any  movement at all but a holocaust education bill   sailed through the house and the senate and i  think that it just speaks to the priority of the legislature of us as americans and  how we view african-american history   compared to other histories one of the things  that i did in the last legislative session was to   introduce a bill to name a portion of silverstar  road the portion that comes through ocoee   it will now be the julius july perry  memorial highway it's a beginning and it's an   acknowledgement by no means will make those  families whole because when they uh when   their their ancestors left they left behind  land just as they left behind the bodies   of people in in this graveyard that i that  i talk about and what happened to the land   that they would have inherited and home ownership  and land builds generational wealth how can you   get that back like it was stolen so how do you get  it back and it might a building might be standing   there a house might be there i plan to continue  to push for reparations i think it's important and   we've done it before with rosewood i see a  city that i still enjoy living in but there   still needs to be some change the the one thing  that i wish would happen is that there's so many   new people in this community over the 17 years  that i wish they had a way to get more involved   and there are ways but i wish we could let them  all know get involved so that we can make changes   know that this is what has happened but what  ideas do you have to make this a better community   well i'm hopeful that people will come together  even now there are some divisions that i think   need to be broken down so the people can come  together and be proud of the fact that they   live in ocoee me as a black person my ancestors  everybody before me we've been trying to fight   and say the same thing a million times it's time  for the people that were the oppressors that were   associated to the oppressors to make a stand  and say we're going to this is going to stop 100 years later ocoee is healing largely  because of the groundwork laid decades ago   some of what you heard mirrors the discord we see  in our country today racism and depression weren't   just a problem in ocoee but across the country the  hope is that as we learn more about our history   we do our part to make sure it isn't repeated we  interviewed more than two dozen people to tell   this story of the ocoee massacre oral history  was critical because documentation is scarce   and what's available is subjective  depending on the writer's views   in the ocoee podcast you'll hear untold portions  of this story and details about how it all   came together you can find it in a special  section of our website called ocoee massacre

Channel: WFTV Channel 9

Views: 1,198,425

Keywords: Ocoee Massacre, Ocoee, WFTV, July Perry, Orange County, Election 1920, eyewitness news, vanessa echols, daralene jones, central florida, fl, florida, vote, voter suppression, 1920, orlando, local, history, documentary, oral history, black votes, poll tax, apopka, cheney, massacre, wesh, wkmg, wofl, greg warmoth, martha sugalski, melonie holt, perry, july, election, republican, democrat, channel 9, ch9, channel 9 news, news, cmg, cox media, cox media group, 9 investigates, action 9, voter turn out

Id: HA0CLxHeH6Y

Length: 44min 21sec (2661 seconds)

Published: Mon Nov 02 2020