The American Civil War - OverSimplified (Part 2)

this video was made possible by honey stick around to learn how you can save money when you shop online as the Union struggled to take control in the East continued elsewhere the war raged on the Confederates attempted an invasion of Kentucky hoping the state as a whole would join them but they were pushed back the Indian Territory son Native American tribes ally with one side or the other in the hopes of securing rights after the war along the Mississippi General ulysses s grant remained one of the few Union generals scoring major victories with his best pal General Sherman by his side grant led his armies down the Mississippi to the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg both sites knew that at Vicksburg fell the Confederacy would be split in two and the Confederates prepared for an intense defense of the city but back in the east Lincoln still wanted somebody to march south and take Richmond having given general McClellan the boot he needed a new man in charge all right mr. president option one is general hooker bit of a nut case but a good general option to his qualifications are his name is Burnside and his frickin dope-ass sideburns say no more so general Burnside was put in charge of the Army of the Potomac and sent South Lincoln hoped he finally had a general who could succeed Burnside met General Lee at the city of Fredericksburg where he intended to rapidly cross the river and take the city but the Union War Department was too slow and delivering the pontoon bridges and the two sides were forced to camp across from each other close enough to speak hey Yankee ready to get your butt kicked Yeah right rebel God is on our side no way God's on our side oh you think so well why don't we ask him hey God whose side are you on Wow dude uncool with over 100,000 men the Union Army finally launched their massive attack on the 11th of December but by now the Confederates had amassed their forces during the battle wave after wave of brave Union men marched headlong into a brutal Confederate onslaught even the Confederates couldn't believe what they were seeing and in one moment of camaraderie a Confederate sergeant unable to take it reportedly came out into the field to tend to the Union wounded seeing this the Union troops held their fire still burns sight and his forces were soundly defeated at Fredericksburg and forced to retreat Lincoln's popularity and northern morale continued to plummet especially as the winter heading into 1863 was bad the winter camps were rife with disease the food was less than appealing on both sides men began to leave hey what do you think you're going I'm deserting what don't you love your country yes I do and I'm trying to get back to it as quick as I can Lincoln ever the kind and caring man he was spent much of his time pardoning deserters death sentences oh my here's a 17 year old boy sentenced to be hanged well I'd better suspend his sentence or he'll be suspended tomorrow what to try to keep the numbers up both sides had introduced conscription there is controversy in the north however since Richmond could simply pay to have someone else fight on their behalf riots broke out in New York City with enraged mobs furious at the idea of going to fight for slaves an idea that many of them simply did not support however after so much pressure Union had finally begun allowing black men to enlist and these men knowing what they were fighting for signed up by the end of the war nearly 200,000 troops 10% of the Union Army would be black the valor and bravery they showed throughout silencing critics okay well that last guy was useless let's try this Hooker fella General Joseph Hooker was put in charge of the Army of the Potomac and once again Lincoln ordered him to move south and take Richmond Hooker met Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville where hooker had over twice the men leading Lee was forced to defy all military Convention and split his smaller force into two lead absolutely no chance of winning and Lee won it was his masterpiece Lee did suffer one significant loss during the battle though as his right-hand man Stonewall Jackson was writing back to the Confederate lines at night the nervous Confederate troops unable to recognize him with open fire you boys done goofed up Jackson died eight days later as for Lincoln he couldn't believe it it was yet another loss and northern support continued to waver while the Union kept on struggling in the east out west unconditional surrender grant was making moves as always in an attempt to take Vicksburg on the Mississippi he made a series of risky and bold movements he sent the cavalry rape and feigned Sherman North to confuse the enemy then aided by a fleet of iron clads on the river he raced his army south to cross the Mississippi aware that the terrain to the north was restrictive instead he strategically moved northeast hitting Vicksburg supply line and defending his rear from Confederate armies in Jackson once he reached Vicksburg the Confederate defense became hardened and grant was forced to settle in for a month-long siege during which time he got rather bored despite not taking the city Lincoln loved it and encouraged Grant to hold firm it would only be a matter of time before the Mississippi was in the Union hence around this time the people in the West of Virginia who had remained loyal to the Union throughout finally broke away to form their own stake they could have named it anything in the world but the creativeminds at the time came up with the ingenious West Virginia back in Washington Lincoln once again wanted a new general to take command oh my goodness why do all these 19th century generals look so bust look we got sleepy ice Joe here that's Princess Leia with a mustache et phoned the doctor fine why don't we give snapping turtle Micky here a shot so general snapping turtle Micky was put in charge of the Army of the Potomac and it was a crucial time for the Union because once again the Confederates decided to go on the attack so far they had done exceedingly well militarily but as the war kept going the Confederate economy was crumbling riots broke out in the streets of Richmond as the price of bread skyrocketed supplies were dwindling Jefferson Davis wanted to send men west to rescue Vicksburg but generally knew the longer the war the worst their chance is gone and he still hoped if he could just threaten DC the already demoralized north with surrender so in June 1863 with a momentum behind him General Lee once again entered the north fighting his way through Maryland and into Pennsylvania general means set out to meet him for what would be the most significant battle of the entire war if the Confederates 1dc could fall if the Union won it would be a turning point as the Confederates would run out of steam and the small town that was to get caught up in the crossfire of the largest battle in American history was Gettysburg Pennsylvania on June 1st units from each army encountered one another and skirmished through the town itself the townspeople were forced to take refuge except for one man who reportedly ran outside for a strange reason Joseph what are you doing I'm not gonna let them take my beans how many times do I have to tell you they're not here for your beans by the second day over a hundred thousand men stretched for miles across the battlefield Lee took the initiative deciding to hit the enemy's flanks and he came very close to breaking through the union's disorganized left but Union Colonel Joshua Chamberlain ordered a desperate bayonet charge smashing into the Confederates and forcing them back the Union forces held across the line on the final day Lee believed the Union Army had fortified its flanks so he decided to finish them off with one massive central assault the Confederates rushed at the Union lines during general Pickett's Charge and this time it was the union's turn on leash health Meade had correctly guessed Lee's strategy and the Confederates were decimated forced to turn and flee it devastated General Lee cold out to his fleeing and wounded men telling them it was his fault and after holding for a counter-attack that never came he ordered a retreat back into Virginia the North had just managed to score a massive victory and won they desperately needed and if that wasn't enough in the West after a month-long siege Vicksburg finally fell the North now held the Mississippi and better yet it was the 4th of July with control of the Mississippi Union forces moved into Arkansas and Tennessee tennis in particular saw heavy fighting with Union general Rosecrans masterfully pushing Braxton Bragg's army of the Tennessee of Tennessee he suffered a major setback however at the bloody Battle of Chickamauga and ended up under Confederate siege at Chattanooga at one point during the siege a temporary truce was declared so that wounded men could be recovered and often in the Civil War during these small truces men from both sides would meet in the middle to trade things like tobacco coffee and maybe even honey do you like honey me too bees are great and you know what rhymes with honey money did you know honey can help you save money let me explain honey is a free browser extension that automatically finds you the best coupon codes when you buy stuff online for free for example here I am purchasing a hundred pepperoni pizzas because what the heck I do what I want which is the click of a button I've saved two hundred and ten dollars nice honey works with over 30,000 websites including eBay Target and Expedia and it's already found over simplified subscribers over forty six thousand dollars in savings it takes just two clicks to install and better yet it's absolutely positively 100% free gut honey now and start saving money by clicking on the link in the description below join honey calm / oversimplified that's join honey calm / over simplified and as always you'll be supporting my channel so thank you now where was I oh yeah Vicksburg fourth of July and the siege of Chattanooga thankfully General Grant now in charge of all Western Union armies showed up and karate kicked brag right back into Georgia like this with Sherman and Hooker grant took on Confederate positions in the mountains around the city including the famous battle above the clouds and mission Ridge grant continued to be Lincoln's number one guy with these victories Lincoln hoped the war was finally turning back in Gettysburg the entire town had been turned into a hospital to care for the scores of wounded men throughout the war on both sides woman such as Clara Barton rose to the occasion doing crucial work on the homefront and volunteering as nurses for those who had given their lives a new National Cemetery was to be established at Gettys and Abraham Lincoln traveled out to attend the opening ceremony at the event the main speaker spoke for two hours then Abraham Lincoln was called forward to give some brief appropriate remarks in just two minutes he masterfully and pointedly iterated America's national purpose and the need to continue the fight the Gettysburg Address would become one of the most famous speeches in American history while they were now making progress the north still couldn't find it as slice of victory in the east and that was bad news for Lincoln because his presidency was now in its fourth year in 1864 there was an election coming the Confederates knew this too and with little hope left of being able to threaten the North militarily they believed their last shot at victory maybe in the election since Lincoln Emancipation and the war itself weren't exactly popular people in the north were sick of war and wanted to put it behind them robert e lee hoped that if he could just hold out and continue to inflict more defeats the people of the north would vote Lincoln out and replace him with a southern sympathizer who may be willing to negotiate Lincoln knew now he desperately needed a victory now I know what you're thinking but oversimplified if Lincoln loves General Grant so much then why doesn't he put him in charge of the campaign in the east will guess what loyal subscriber you've hit the nail on the head you're bold grant I'll grant you that I'm promoting you to General in chief and I ain't taking you for granted now I want you to go defeat Lee grant me my wish please stop so grant was put in charge and he came up with a new plan he wanted to press the Confederates on all fronts with general banks to capture Mobile Alabama General Sherman moving south to Atlanta and grant joining the Army of the Potomac as they advanced through Virginia in May 1864 that plan went into action Sherman steadily advanced on Atlanta facing off against a smaller Confederate Army under General Joseph Johnston in addition a cruel yet highly skilled cavalry general and winner of the funniest Confederate statue award Nathan Bedford Forrest was also nearby doing his best to threaten Sherman's advance but in a series of battles Sherman dominated and Johnson back to the city but he was held just outside of Atlanta itself and was forced to lay siege meanwhile the main show is happening to the east and Virginian the union's top General was finally about to face off against the Confederacy's Lincoln hooked grant would bring something new to the eastern theater and bring something new he did as grant began moving south Lee still regularly outmaneuvered him and inflicted a heavy casualties hoping to demoralize the north as much as he could but here's what set Grant apart from others knew Lee was running out of men and that the north by comparison had plenty Brandt would throw his forces athlete and even when Lee repelled them grant rather than pulling back would give the order to keep moving forward and point Lee again and again in under six weeks 80,000 men would be killed wounded or missing in DC Grant was criticized for being a butcher at the Battle of the wilderness the Union casualties were so heavy that Grant reportedly began to weep but still grant could replace his losses Lee couldn't and he was being pushed all the way back to Richmond Lee knew once he got there he'd be under siege then it would only be a matter of time close to Richmond grant again suffered horrific casualties in a miscalculated assault at Cold Harbor then trying to be a trickster trickster instead of moving on Richmond directly grant move towards Petersburg to fight the Confederate capital and cut its supply line but just like Sherman grant was halted outside of the city and he too was forced to settle in for a siege two identical sieges would not be good enough for Lincoln's reelection the people of the north saw the casualties Grant had been taking and they weren't happy to make matters worse Lee had sent Jubal Early north to threaten DC with the hope of forcing Grant to withdraw troops from Richmond early was repelled on the outskirts of the city with President Lincoln even attending as an observer but the North had been given a fright so with the war currently in a stalemate who was to be Lincoln's opponent in the critical 1864 election who with the Democrats choose guess what baby I'm back that's right General George B McClellan would run for president against Abraham Lincoln my fellow countrymen if you elect me I the great General George McClellan will fearlessly and valiantly win the or unlike this douchebag many Democrats however including McClellan's running mate wanted to end the war so it's possible McClellan may have ended up fearless Lee and valiantly making peace with the Confederates which is exactly what they were hoping for with the war in a stalemate and Lincoln's still not popular it looked like McClellan would win and the Confederacy may have a chance at surviving after all Lincoln himself said that without some kind of major victory it seemed exceedingly probable that this administration will not be reelected will fret not Abe because of it's a major victory you want it's a major victory you'll get Atlanta had been under siege by General Sherman for just over a month after a number of battles around the city Sherman centa Forsyth to sever the city supply line and Confederate general hood was forced to abandon it Atlanta one of the Confederacy's most important cities had fallen into Union hands for many it was clear that the Confederacy's defeat was now inevitable and the war would soon be over when the final results came in Lincoln had won with an electoral college landslide with the troops in particular voting overwhelmingly for Lincoln which must have been touching for their commander-in-chief hey man looks like you lost no hard feelings I didn't lose a merely failed to win in January Lincoln involved himself heavily in ensuring the 13th amendment made it through Congress in a narrow and historic vote the amendment passed slavery would now be constitutionally banished throughout the nation black men and women watching the vote from the galleries knew the work had only just begun a couple months later at his second inauguration with victory right around the corner he didn't celebrate he didn't gloat instead he emphasized the need for reunification and binding up wounds to him Americans north or south were to again be compatriots however listening to Lincoln's speak that day was a man who had no interest in reunification John Wilkes Booth an actor living in DC was also a deep southern sympathizer and as the or turned against the Confederacy depressed and full of hate he was already plotting his revenge on the man he held responsible with further Confederate losses it was pretty clear at this point who would win but still Jefferson Davis showed no sign of giving in the North were frustrated to see the conflict being dragged down why waste more lives in Atlanta General Sherman believed he had the key to forcing the Confederacy's hand he had an unusually modern concept that an army could only survive with the support of the people to strike at the people and the army collapses Sherman decided to do something unprecedented he would remove his 62,000 men from their supply line and marched through the heartland of the Confederacy where they would live off the land there they would wreak havoc as they marched they tore up railroads burned farms and destroyed communication lines they also liberated thousands of slaves the damage done was estimated at 1.4 billion dollars the tactics were cruel but to Sherman it was better than losing yet more men in battle in December he reached Savannah Georgia but he wasn't done yet next he turned north to inflict his punishment on the first state to secede South Carolina as he moved he came ever closer to General Lee's army still holding out at Petersburg the siege of Petersburg had lasted for 292 days 60,000 of Lee's men had deserted numerous Union attempts to break through had failed but when the breakthrough finally came it came quick on April 2nd a Union assault finally pushed the Confederates from their defenses hey man there's no need to evacuate right you'll rescue us like last time right sorry can't hear you Lee narrowly escaped the city hoping he'd be able to meet up with general Johnson and continue the fight Brant chased him down Richmond was evacuated and Jefferson Davis went on the run as they left the competitor to military buildings but the flames burned out of control and as the Union troops arrived they became firefighters a couple of days later Abraham Lincoln visited the war-torn city grant caught up to Lee at Appomattox Courthouse where he trapped his forces he was here on April 9th 1865 that Lee saw no point in continuing sir listen bub I drink a bit too much last night and now I'm hanging like a fruit bat on a hot day so whatever you have to say I don't want to hear it General Lee says he wants to surrender but Diggity Dog Brandon Lee met in the home of a nearby farm family owned by a man who had tried his best to escape the Civil War years earlier Wilmer MacLean all right can we all just hurry up and get this over way Martha not now I'm cleaning do you want us to get rats Branton Lee after years of war now spoke respectfully to one another when Lee left his face filled with emotion Grant's men began to cheer but grant ordered them to stop he knew that now was the time for reconciliation just over two weeks later general Johnson would surrender to Sherman ending the war for eighty nine thousand Confederate soldiers in the largest surrender of the war not every Confederate state had surrendered but the war was as good as over across the north church bells rang out and celebrations erupted in Washington Lincoln gave a speech from the White House to a jubilant crowd in which among various things he expressed his support for black voting rights Lincoln had seen the nation through its deepest crisis the presidency had visibly aged him he had lost over 20 pounds he said sometimes I think I am the tiredest man on earth I'm not sure tiredest as a word but geez the man's exhausted cut him some slack on a carriage ride with Mary Lincoln clearly was looking forward to being a president in a time of peace he was apparently very cheerful surprising his wife and he told her that between the war and the loss of their son that both been very miserable now it was time to be happy on the evening of April 14th when Lincoln attended a play with his wife and some friends at Ford's Theater it was a comedy and the president appeared to be enjoying it very much in a nearby bar John Wilkes Booth swallowed two glasses of brandy he slipped quietly into the president's booth and awaited for the audience's laughter to rise the president was shot in the back of the head booth fled the city soldiers carried Lincoln to a boarding house across the street there doctors declared there was nothing they could do rounded by his heartbroken wife son and members of cabinet at 7:22 the next morning President Lincoln passed away never before had a president been murdered a shocked nation mourned as a 12-day funeral procession carried Lincoln back to his home in Springfield Illinois on April 26th Union cavalry found John Wilkes Booth in a barn in Virginia where he was shot not long after Confederate President Jefferson Davis was also tracked down and arrested in prison for two years he was eventually released the North didn't want to put him on trial for fear the jury may rule that southern secession had in fact been legal to ensure reconciliation other Confederate generals and politicians were allowed to re-enter life in the now restored Union scattered fighting continued into May when the last Confederate forces in Texas disintegrated the southern states came under northern military occupation to prevent any further rebellion and a very difficult era of reconstruction began over three million Americans had fought brother against brother the Civil War remains the bloodiest conflict in US history but the Union had been preserved you could say the real winners were those who were to never again be slaves further amendments passed by Congress gave black individuals the right to citizenship and to vote significant progress had been made however entering into the 20th century it was clear the fight for equality would continue in modern America the man who fought to preserve the nation and never gave up in the darkest of times stands as a symbol of honesty empathy humility perseverance and courage a continuous reminder of what has forged America and what it should ever strive to be [Music]

Channel: OverSimplified

Views: 10,167,650

Rating: 4.9259496 out of 5

Keywords: civil war, abraham lincoln, gettysburg, fort sumter, ulysses s grant, general sherman, american, union, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Antietam, Bull Run, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Emancipation

Id: sV6uuMAnJUE

Length: 22min 43sec (1363 seconds)

Published: Fri Jan 31 2020

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