Sentinum 295 BC - Roman-Samnite Wars DOCUMENTARY

[Music] Rome's wars in the 3rd century BC against emperors Carthage Macedon and the Seleucid Empire were the crucible in which its empire was forged opening the way for the conquest of the Mediterranean while the 3rd century BC saw Roman Dominion spread over the known world it was a series of three prior Wars the Samnite wars which turned the Roman legions into the most resilient and distinctive military of the ancient world welcome to our video on the Samnite wars shoutout to Imperator Rome and Paradox Interactive for sponsoring this video the latest 1.3 update is now live and it brings many new features and major changes to the game there is now greater attention given to the characters as the experience system makes them more important while fewer major families to track means that each of them are more crucial the national mission trees are reworked to help guide your actions the free Punic Wars content pack fleshes out the Roman and Carthaginian factions even more 10 unique room and missions will be essential in the conquest of Italy the free pack also adds the Numidian army model Carthaginian ship model and three new music tracks for a week between the 3rd and 8th of December this excellent game with endless replayability will be free to play on Steam support our channel and play imperative Rome for free by clicking the link in the description in the middle of the 4th century BC Italy was still divided between Latins Greeks Etruscans and others with one of the most powerful groups on the peninsula being the samnites they were an Oscar and speaking tribal Federation of semi nomads living in a landlocked region of the southern central Apennine mountains called somnium the area was politically divided into four tribal units or to toss each made up of a series of economically self-sufficient villages these tribes were deep entry copani Cardini and Keeney these four often divided tribes made up the Samnite League forming a union which was far less centralized than the Roman Republic to the northwest a scant and possibly biased Livy tells us that the league was normally governed by a central council made up of all four tribes and a single commander-in-chief who would hold command in war possessing common enemies in their both neighbors Rome and the Samnites concluded an alliance in 354 BC but relations quickly soured just over a decade later the latter attacks the city Keeney and companions who came to aid them despite their alliance Rome was unwilling to risk a rival power gaining hegemony over compañías agriculturally rich land they broke their alliance and intervened on behalf of the beleaguered coastal coalition whose members submitted themselves to the Republic the consular armies marched to war and in 343 BC defeated the Samnites in a series of battles at Mons Garros sur ticular and sua Sela before they could take advantage of these wins however a serious revolt among Rome's Latin subjects broke out in 342 bc forcing both sides into a neutrally beneficial peace and a renewal of their previous alliance this shift led the companions and City Keeney only recently allies of Rome to switch sides and join the anti Roman uprising igniting the Latin war Roman armies quickly triumphed in the largest battle of the war in 340 BC at Mount Vesuvius but isolated bouts of violence continued springing up for the next few years until 337 BC when the republic imposed a settlement on its defeated rivals which reshaped its relations with the allies and subject people's a hierarchy was created in which Rome's Latin subordinate no longer had any military or diplomatic dealings with other powers but were only bound together by their alliance with row citizens in some loyal cities such as Lenovo Amanda IKEA received full Roman citizenship while some other disloyal but strategically crucial ones such as an tiem received the same perk as well as a Roman garrison [Music] however hostilities between the Eternal City and the Samnite League began to resurface in 328 BC when a Roman colony was established at fregley it was on the eastern bank of the Liris River on the Samnite side of what had been long considered a boundary between the two powers tensions escalated over the next couple of years over fragole and the expanding Roman presence in Campania the spark for war breaking out again finally came in 326 BC when a pro Roman faction in the apalis expelled its Samnite garrison and handed the key city over to Roman control the war began with a swift Roman offensive into Western somnium in the same year in the campaigning season of that year Quintus truly honest disobeyed orders and attacked a nearby enemy army winning a great victory at him Brinn iam Roman pressure continues to build in the years after and in 321 BC with defeat looking increasingly likely the Samnite Council appointed a prominent statesman named Gaius Pontius as commander for the year he made a speech to crying any thought of surrender and proclaiming the just nature of their war against Rome then he marched out with his army and encamped at khaldiya primary center of the Samnite howdini tribe [Music] the Samnites general made sure to keep his army hidden and from his new base he sent ten soldiers disguised as shepherds to the consular army encamped at nearby colotti ah there they spread false rumors that a Roman allied city called the carrier was about to fall the consoles for the year Calvinists and Albinus chose to take a shorter bit more difficult route to be supposedly besieged city through the Cao Dean Forks in a series of increasingly narrow defiles with wooded hills and sheer overhanging cliffs on each side the unwieldly roman phalanx units began descending into the first narrow pass and emerged from it safely onto a small plane however when they reached the entrance of the second they found it blocked with a barricade at about the same time the Romans began observing Samnite warriors on the various areas of high ground surrounding them prompting the consuls to retreat in the direction from which they had come they returned to find their only exit blockaded as well and themselves entirely surrounded by jeering sunlight warriors [Music] as the entrapped army debated among itself how to get out the surprised Pontius wrote to his retired father he reneus asking what he should do the retired her any estrade to join the Samnite army and immediately advised either that his son kill all of the Roman soldiers or let them all go uninjured because such extreme options would either bring a lengthy peace through generosity or week in Rome severely uneasy with the choices Pontius and the other tribal leaders asked what would come from taking a middle path her any has stated to them that the Romans are a nation who know not how to remain quiet and to defeat whatever disgrace this present extremity burns into their souls will rankle their forever and will allow them no rest until they have made you pay for it many times over with that arrhenius departed but his wisdom went unheeded after numerous other roman attempts to break out of the trap failed they were forced to treat with pontius in return for their lives rome would suffer a humiliation which they would never forget each member of the army from ordinary legionary to console was shamefully forced to walk bowed under the yoke of spears at sword point 600 equities were taken by the Samnites as hostages to guarantee the peace and that the offending Roman colonies would be relinquished a five-year long break in hostilities followed this humiliation either because of Roman reluctance to continue the war against an enemy which had so easily beaten them or because of the unknown terms in hose after the cow Dean Forks it is possible that this is the moment Rome's inflexible greek-style phalanx was finally replaced by the famously adaptable manipular legion and that the five years of peace were used to rearm train and drill in the new style Rome renewed the conflict armed with their distinctive new way of war in 350 BC and quickly captured Sir ticular but with n mare tans defeated in a pitched battle at lauter lay they defeat which allowed the Samnites to sack Rome and lands the legions returned with vigor at the start of 314 BC though and crushed a Samnite army at Terra Kiner this proves to be the tipping point although Roman armies quickly took Luke area and the lands around it while in 313 BC they recovered frugally in the next year the Republic began to solidify its conquests by founding more colonies and constructing the famous Appian Way in order to facilitate military logistics somnium was now surrounded by the territory of Rome and its allies there was a last-minute intervention by the Etruscans which forced the legions to fight on two fronts but the northern foe was decisively crushed at Lake vadym Oh in 310 their war making capacity curtailed with that enemy dealt with Rome concluded its war against somnium in just over half a decade using their ring of allies and better road network to overpower the mountain region in 304 BC the battered tribes of the League pleaded for peace and the Romans granted it having almost tripled their territory during the war though the Samnites had earned a brief reprieve other nearby peoples weren't so lucky from 302 through 298 BC the gates of Yanis remained open and the expansionist republic fought annual campaigns in Umbria and Etruria simultaneously by this point roman empire building in the italian peninsula alarmed many of the remaining independent people's in 298 BC the samnites crossed their southern frontier and invaded lucania Lane waits to it and prompting them to send panicked emissaries to row fearing the increasing strength of the Samnites and sensing an opportunity for a just war the Senate concluded an alliance with the Lu canyons and then demanded that the invaders withdraw when the latter refused this demand the third San Night war began it began as a walk over with destructive campaigns by the legions being undertaken in both Samnite and Etruscan territory it was clear that the Allies would have to wage a smart war while the ever-increasing might of Rome would grind them down with the aim of doing just that the samnites general elías Ignatieff abandoned his native lands and boldly marched the league's army north into a trivia where he joined forces with the Allied Etruscan armies there while ignited army was defeated in a minor battle during 297 BC it was clear that Rome had more trouble with such a united front this probably prompted Ignatieff to finalised the formation of a grand alliance to curb room and expansion made up of samnites Etruscans and Ambree ins even the so known a Gauls were brought in as mercenaries the United double consular army which crossed the Apennine mountains into Umbria in 295 was probably the largest army rome had yet put into the field its core was made up of four roman in addition to four allied legions trained in the new manipular style along with a large quantity of cavalry including a thousand elite horsemen from Campania overall the two consuls probably filled it about 36,000 troops absolutely massive for the time [Music] when this giant Roman force encamped only four miles away from the four nation allied army near Sentinel the latter decided to divide their forces the Gallic and Samnite contingents being the most experienced and ferocious warriors would engage the Roman legions as the fighting was going on the Etruscans and Umbria ins would sweep around attack the enemy camp and hopefully hit them in the rear when the fighting was at its fiercest unfortunately for the Allies deserters from their camp snuck over to their Roman enemies at night and reveals these plans in detail to the consuls allowing really honest to come up with a countermeasure he sent swift messengers to to smaller Roman armies nearby under næss phobias and Lucia's posthumous with orders to advance north and raise the Ituri and lands around Cloutier when the etruscan and Umbreon contingents of the grand alliance discovered this they split off and moved to protects their ravaged territories deprived of almost half their army the Samnites and Gauls refused to engage with the Romans in battle for two days waiting for their allies to return however constant Roman cavalry raids and harassment caused casualties which at dawn on the third day led the anti Roman forces to march onto the plain near Sentinel and line up for the coming battle the legions formed up to meet them [Music] on the Gallo samnites right was the Horde of sin own a goals from northern Italy facing the half of the Roman line including the fifth and sixth Roman legions and a Publius den Kia Smurfs on the other side of the field the Samnites led in person by their general galius Ignatius drew up opposite Julianna's and the other half of the Roman army including the 1st and 3rd legions cavalry on each side was placed on both flanks of the field the Romans also had a small reserve contingent behind their lives while the Gauls were backed up by about 100 formidable war chariots perhaps the greatest battle that had ever taken place in Italy was joined with a disciplined methodical advance on the room inside and the notoriously ferocious charge of the Samnite and Gallic warriors opposite them the charges impact was a heavy one and initially sensed the first line of Romans reeling back which they quickly recovered after which the fighting descended into a hard-fought contest along the entire line with neither side looking able to land a decisive blow anywhere however as the grueling combats took its toll fighting on each wing of the battlefields began to differ in its quality influenced by the temperament and experience of its commander the aged and patient consul rouille honest knew his Samnite foes tendency to tire after a powerful initial charge and therefore ordered a defensive approach taking as few losses as possible whilst making orderly withdrawals as needed it would take time Lilliana's believed but the Romans would outlast their enemy on the other wing Juliana says younger colleague deck iasts was having a worse time of it his legions suffering harsh losses at Gallic hands anchored as they were behind a firm shield wall which pushed the Romans back the Consul who was unwilling to wait to see if the Gold's would tire instead took action riding out to his left wing and personally leading a successful cavalry charge which twice drove the Gallic horse from the field however on the third assault deck uses contingent charged too far and became encircled by enemy mounted troops yet despite the bad tactical situation they still could not be broken the goals now sense their chariots eunuchs into the fray each trailing a baggage wagon behind it a combination of Roman unfamiliarity with chariot warfare and their horses becoming frightened by the nor is made by the wheels of the Gauls baggage carts quickly led to the route of Dec uses horsemen having lost control of their mounts many of the Roman cavalry ran uncontrollably into the infantry line spreading disarray and demoralizing some of them into fleeing from the battle completely sensing an opportunity the Gauls launched another violent infantry charge against the disorganized Romans which further routed deck uses section the consuls father had sacrificed himself during the Latin war decades earlier to grant the Romans victory and now Deki has realised it was his turn to do the same he proclaimed loudly so that all the superstitious Roman soldiers would hear him I carry before me terror rout carnage blood and the wrath of all the gods those above and below I will infect the standards the armour the weapons of the enemy with dire and manifold death the place of my destruction shall also witness that of the Gauls and some nights with his intentions made clear deck has charged his steed into the part of the line where the Gallic ranks were thickest and was instantly slain by throwing spears and other missiles he had performed his devotee o dying in the same way his father had decades earlier witnessing this sacrifice and being fully aware of its prophetic meaning Deki Isis faltering troops rallied together turned back around and rejoined the fight once again holding the goals where they were realizing that the situation on the other side of the field were still precarious Liliana sent a portion of his reserves led by Skippy O African aces great-grandfather to shore the left up in short order the fresh roman troops quickly turned the tide on that wing gradually beginning to push the goals back the surviving console who had maintained a defensive stance on his side of the field since the start of the battle began to receive reports that his strategy was paying off the Samnites opposing him were starting to tire their stamina exhausted by the long fight Rome's remaining reserves were fed into the fray at this point and the right-wing cavalry swept into the Samnite flank this general advance broke the enemy line and dignities and his troops routed past their Gallic allies back towards the camp it was only at this moment that rouille Anna's learned of his colleagues death seeking to secure the victory he sent 500 of the most elite companion cavalry and the printer pays of his third legion on a deep flanking maneuver around the wavering Gauls this was the end of the battle the Allied army were scattered and broken the Roman Republic had prevailed in its most massive contest so far and the new manipular system proved its superior adaptability and flexibility yet the victory was not a cheap one eight thousand seven hundred Roman soldiers lay dead on the field most of them on deck uses wing this must have seemed like a preferable fate to the goals and some Knights who had collectively suffered a total of 25,000 killed and a further eight thousand taken prisoner meanwhile full visas contingent not only managed to distract but also decisively defeat the etruscan and Hum Brehon units in etruria inflicting 3,000 casualties though the gallant samnites would continue to resist for a further half decade to the admiration of commentators such as Livy sent in him decided the fate of Italy in 290 BC the third Samnite war ended the vast majority of central Italy was under Roman control and the stage was set for Rome's total domination of the peninsula and the Mediterranean beyond we will talk more about Roman history in the future so make sure you are subscribed to our channel and have pressed the bell button we would like to express our gratitude to our patreon supporters and channel members who make the creation of our videos possible now you can also support us by buying our merchandise via the link in the description this is the kings and Generals channel and we will catch you on the next one

Channel: Kings and Generals

Views: 641,431

Rating: 4.947516 out of 5

Keywords: Sentinum, 295 BC, Samnite Wars, Caudine Forks, Roman Republic, Documentary, animated historical documentary, animated history, ancient rome, history of rome, latin war, ancient rome history, roman history, citizen army, military history, history channel, kings and generals, full documentary, history documentary, decisive battles, history lesson, ancient history, king and generals, third samnite war, documentary film, roman empire, julius caesar, Rome, rome empire, legion

Id: jRDQpazjI9U

Length: 22min 22sec (1342 seconds)

Published: Sun Dec 08 2019