Scishow Quiz Show: Supersonic Giggles and Bat Cigars

[Music] hello and welcome to the scishow quiz show I'm Stefan chin and I'll be filling in for Michael Aranda today instead of telling you what prizes the contestants are gonna be taking home I'm gonna be asking the questions that determine who gets them that's right you're gonna get us I'm gonna get something you've got serious sticklers are we gonna be wrong all the time I hope so you didn't that's what I'm getting right this guy I didn't write it but I'm ready so this is good I think I think that's how Alex Alex Trebek doesn't write all the Jeopardy questions right right oh I bet he does toad you're right if anyone does they pay him so much yeah exactly who writes the charity questions I never thought about and so today we have the host versus host showdown hosted by another host of scishow on the Left we have the one the only the best author with the bet last name of green Oh Hank green Wow there's first of all John is my brother yes he's awesome but there's also lots of other greens oh how did that I wouldn't want to take that from all those other I don't know who they are we'll take it we're claiming it okay okay Hank green he also has a great new podcast where he reviews his own Twitter feed I do it with his wife called delete this yeah it's not like 5,000 downloads and then on the actual left we have Olivia Gordon host of scishow and taxidermy expert last time you wanna show you beat Hank 1702 zero oh man and that's where we're setting the scores to start the show today really I get 1,700 voice just kidding no you would get zero I thought I was gonna get a handle everyone gets a thousand scishow bucks points currency you never think if you get things right they go up if you get them wrong they go down by how much the world will nobody knows 204 correct answers - 104 incorrect answers okay Stefan actually keeps score sometimes it actually knows how it works I pretend to keep score and then I like when the actual person says the score I'm like good thing I wasn't the one who's responsible for this but as a special thanks to our patrons on patreon we've randomly selected two patrons for you guys to play for today Olivia's gonna be playing for Michael Schreiber Michael and Hanks gonna be playing for Amy MacDonald hey Amy thanks for supporting us on patreon and for the very first time on the scishow quiz show we're bringing down Caitlin Hofmeister from the upstairs and we're gonna have her tell you what our contestants are gonna be taking home today Stefon today Olivia and Hank are vying for the chance to win their patreon patron the most coveted amazing prize on all of the Internet it is the scishow quiz show pin that says you either won or lost the I lost I show quiz show pin is more of a conversation starter so I hope one of you gets that and I also hope that one of you gets the I won scishow quiz show pin because it feels good to win things Olivia and Hank and Stefan you will also be signing the script and wager cards from this episode which our contestants will take home with them tonight back to you thanks Caitlin all right are we all ready for this I guess our first friend I came to work oh so I'm here I better do it we're present first round is about rats and bats question number one it was like your expertise I don't have no idea have you ever stuffed a rat or a bat I'm stuffed both humans have a lot in common with other primates we've got opposable thumbs big brains complex social structures if you think about an animal that's similar to primates though you're probably not thinking about a rat but there is one unusual behavior that we share with rats what is this behavior is it they laugh when tickled oh they cry from pain they sweat through their fur or they pee when it's cold I'm gonna go ahead and say that they laugh when tickled that can't be right that is cold right I feel like thank you feel like I've tickled a rat and a giggle but like I didn't I thought maybe that wasn't technically laughter yeah yeah most of the giggling those like super sonic it's real high frequencies that's a good yeah let's do it the supersonic gig of we could rock out right now do you play any instruments what are you playing you played wrong things marine and piano sure easy I can hit some keys yeah I can play chords on the guitar yeah so we got it what we're gonna pitch everything up so no one can hear any and it's just all supersonic the answer is a rat's laugh when you tickle them lots of animals will react in some way when you tickle them but when you tickle rats they laugh plenty of other animals can laugh including dogs although it sounds more like panting to us and there might be other non primates that laugh when you tickle them but so far we've only seen that behavior in rats we can't hear them laugh because the sounds they make when they're happy including laughter are too high-pitched but in a study published in 2016 in the journal science researchers tickled rats while monitoring their brain activity and recording any sounds they made they shifted the frequency of the sounds to a lower pitch and you can hear the rats making those happy noises in a pattern that corresponds to laughter the rats even started chasing after the researchers hand when it stopped tickling them now that's just adorable all right we've dealt with rats and now music sorry okay alright we've dealt with rats and now we're moving on to bats question number two is about a behavior that's a little bit less cute than tickling but it is pretty weird that's like a lot of other animals have their very own parasites there are two whole taxonomic families of these so-called bat flies which only infest bats they live their whole lives attached to their hosts biting them every so often just suck a little blood as you do for the most part this doesn't seem to hurt the bats but it's a dangerous life for a baby bat that could get swatted away so be bat or a baby bat fly excuse me thank you so the flies have a protective adaptation that's pretty unique among insects it's only found in a couple other types do they lay their eggs under the bats skin hide their eggs under piles of guano that's bad yeah do they lay their eggs on baby bats so the animals grow up together or do they lay live pupae instead of eggs yes that is huh what is that called vivid Paris or something I have no idea when you can set up over Paris basically they're getting live births yeah like a mammal that's gross I don't like I don't like that idea I guess I don't like the idea of anything coming out of a fly but a live maggot yeah is worse than an egg to me for sure let's find out more about that right now the answer is D they lay live pupae instead of eggs that flies do start out as eggs just like other insects but they hatch into larvae while still inside the female flies uterus they go through all three larval life stages they're feeding on a special form of food produced by glands in the uterus basically insect milk eventually the female fly gives birth to what's known as a pre pupa when the larva is about to become a pupa which is the stage where it'll transform into an adult fly staying inside its mother for so long gives the fly a much better chance of surviving since it doesn't need to spend much time exposed during the vulnerable early stages of its life plus it has a consistent source of food the mother also briefly leaves the host bat to lay the pupa either in the bats nest or on a nearby wall depending on the species that way the bat doesn't just swat it away once it's done with its metamorphosis the new adult fly goes and finds a host of its own there are a few other types of insects that give birth to live larvae but it's much more unusual for the larvae to grow up inside its mother until it's ready to become a pupa besides bat flies the only other types of insects that do this are Tet see flies and head flies which are also parasitic I asked question of the round and this time it's really about bats not about bat parasites so there's Spix's disc winged bat is very small only weighing about 4 grams they're so small that instead of roosting in a cave or on a tree branch the hang out inside of rolled up leaves cute multiple bats will even share a leaf I'm worried are people gonna accidentally smoke them I am not aware of this danger like I'm just a basa gar is what if that was like in my head I was like I was like no that stop probably not gonna get you high I think you usually just find cigars on trees these are about a much better response the leaves are more than just a way to hide from predators though in 2013 researchers discovered that the bats have a more creative use for them so the question is what are the leaves used for do they use them as a shield against parasites as shade against sunlight a hearing aid to amplify sound or as a dinner plate I'm gonna go with some protection incorrect do you wanna maybe you have to go you cannot it's not fair wait so it was hearing dinner plate or elegance from - Harrison Harrison yeah oh boy a dinner plate it seems the weirdest nope the answer is C they use their home leaf to amplify sounds disc winged bats tend to stick together in groups of five or six bats the group will stay together for years but they have to find a new leaf every day that's because leaves only form that rolled-up tube shape as they open for the first time after about a day they flatten into a regular leaf and it's time for the group to find a new one you'd think it would be important for the bats to be able to recognize the calls of other bats in their group since they're moving around all the time but they aren't actually very good at it at least not when they're inside the leaf because the sounds from outside get distorted by the leaf shape the sounds do get amplified though by about 10 decibels the bats may not be able to tell who's flying past the leaf but they'll definitely hear the flying bats calls so they respond to the calls of all bats and it's up to the flying bat to recognize which response is coming from its own group then it can find its way home alright it's time for round two since we've been talking so much about weird adaptations let's move to a place with a lot of well known ever adaptations the Galapagos Islands Charles Darwin is famous for his studies of the unusual species in the Galapagos he was especially captivated by the giant tortoises the largest in the world some reaching almost 2 meters in length and weighing in at more than 400 kilograms in his journals Darwin writes about how to pick out a tortoise that would taste good oh and how to turn the animals fat into oil but he also wondered if there might be another use for them that we'd normally associate with other types of animals what did Darwin try riding them like horses training them like seals turning their shells into ivory or turning their skin into leather crocodiles I say riding them like horses because that is always he loved to ride thing did he yeah the kind of thing that was known about Darwin I've read it rent avid writer Darwin stuff he's a good writer this stuff is pretty compelling if he actually just sit down and like read voyage of the Beagle it's readable wait did you mean he's a good writer or a good writer he's both yeah he's always riding things it was also always writing I thought for a second that they were gonna like harness a chariot to them and be like oh like Ben Hur but with tortoises we'll find out how he rode them right now the answer is a he rode the Galapagos Tortoises Darwin experimented with the tortoises in all kinds of ways as he tried to learn more about them he noticed that they didn't seem to have sensitive hearing and he writes about how amusing it was to sneak up on a tortoise until it would suddenly notice him and immediately pop into its shell but once the tortoise was in its shell he also tried climbing onto its back apparently he'd knock on the shell a couple times and the tortoise would poke its head out again stand up and start to walk away the problem was in Darwin's words that it was very difficult to keep his balance yep that's the only reason riding a tortoise would be inconvenient animals are not the only thing that makes the Galapagos special if you've seen our video about how white sand beaches are made of parrotfish poop you would know that not all sand is the same colour or made of the same stock but there are a few places in the world where beaches are made of green sand most famously in the Galapagos and Hawaii what's in the sand that makes it green is it crystals from volcanic rock algae limestone or coral that isn't that's what I would have said so thanks for saving me but now you must take a bus and risk your points was the first crystals from bulk volcanic rock sure I know that the Galapagos are volcanic that is correct yeah the answer is a it contains crystals from volcanic rock more specifically the sand on these beaches contains olivine a mineral found in igneous rock you might also know the translucent version of it as peridot a gemstone you can probably guess where the mineral gets its name it's an olive green color thanks to traces of nickel and the crystals both Hawaii and the Galapagos formed from volcanic eruptions and when you combine eruption of olivine rich lava with the ocean you eventually get a bunch of green sand some white sand beaches meanwhile get their color from ground-up coral and there's a white sand beach in Italy that gets its color from the wastes of a nearby industrial plant which contains some limestone among other things it's time for our last round AHA which means it's time to place your bets what's the category all I can tell you is that this category is about fire so place your bets and we're gonna take a little commercial break we'll see you when we get back and we're back welcome to the last question fire extinguishers haven't always been as advanced as they are now in fact until the mid 20th century a common fire suppression system didn't involve extinguishers at all instead people used fire grenades doesn't sound like it would help let me tell you about how they would until the late 19th century these little glass containers were filled with salt water and you threw them at the fire to put them out by the early 20th century though people started filling them as well as some of the first simple fire extinguishers with a chemical that was much better at putting out fires tetrachloromethane the simple compound just a single carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms and it interfered with chemical reactions involved in combustion which makes it great for extinguishing fires but we eventually stopped using it partially because it's super toxic but there was another reason with enough heat tetrachloromethane turns into gunpowder carbon monoxide methane or phosgene gas I don't know what am I allowed to give a hint I mean it's your show the hint about phosgene gas is that it's a chemical weapon okay okay so that's it's bad give me those again Stefan yeah gunpowder carbon monoxide methane or phosgene gas I got I know that he's got his two seconds okay all right that was not very many benches you wrote that very quickly that's right I know your answers Odie it's just the letter D you said phosphine gas I said methane olivia is correct you suck the answer is D when exposed to heat tetrachloromethane turns into phosgene gas yep we were putting out fires with stuff that literally turned into a chemical weapon tetrachloromethane is plenty deadly on its own more than 15 minutes of exposure and it starts to get really dangerous but when you expose it to heat it breaks down into Faustine which as a gas that was widely used to kill people during World War one is much worse just didn't really know of less deadly options in the 1940s chemists came up with a slightly better alternative chloro bromo methane it was still toxic but it wasn't as toxic and it didn't turn into phosgene meanwhile carbon dioxide fire extinguishers became more popular and practical in the 40s and 50s and people mostly stopped using fire grenades at all they're still sometimes used in certain situations like in buildings instead of a sprinkler system but the chemicals inside will not kill you which seems like a big plus all right so good job Olivia and congratulations to Michael to mine Michael Schreiber and Amy I apologize thank you for your support nonetheless you did better this time though you close the gap a little working my way up it's a linear progression mmm you're also that's the right thing for some reason everything you say today seems very suggestive to me Oh try those logarithms bro I don't know even I can't turn that one dirty just don't smoke any bat cigars no dude thanks for joining us for this episode of the scishow quiz show it was an interesting one I'm sure if you want to see the three of us in action you can check out more videos on this channel and if you want to hear Hank and his wife review his Twitter feed go check out delete this the new hit podcast thanks I love that we're pushing my past it's really fun we talked about the week we get to do a Week in Review and then Katherine gets to tell me how I need to interface with the world in healthier ways yeah I enjoy that and of course don't forget to go to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe [Music]

Channel: SciShow

Views: 123,574

Rating: 4.8351822 out of 5

Keywords: SciShow, science, Hank, Green, education, learn, bats, rats, hank green, olivia gordon, stefan chin, quiz show, game show, bat flies, parasites, Spix’s disk-winged bats, leaves, disk-winged bats, Galápagos, tortoises, giant tortoise, green sand, beaches, olivine, peridot, fire grenades, tetrachloromethane, phosgene gas

Id: Dfx_jKHH4u0

Length: 18min 52sec (1132 seconds)

Published: Wed Jun 20 2018