SciShow Quiz Show: Katelyn Salem vs. Hank Green

ladies and gentlemen boys and girls welcome to scishow quiz show we were pretty sure that most of the facts are accurate today on the show we have Hank green soon-to-be father and Internet extraordinaire I am Internet yes competing against Hank we have the host of Kate tectonics and rock and mineral enthusiast Caitlyn Salem today here's where is our live studio audience it was so much more fun why don't we do this at like the crystal and just how it like rented out have a bunch of people there I don't know sounds expensive and a pain in the butt there's anyone here to pull it off okay Caitlyn good yeah today Hank you will be competing on behalf of Faith McNichol hi faith I like nickels and nickel both of those things it's actually ni CH o l but well I bet there's an etymological link okay Kaitlyn you are playing for Kyle dark oh don't hurt me okay I'm starting both of you off with 1000 scishow bucks and each time you answer a question correctly you will win some number of points if you answered incorrectly you will lose some number of points if I just left now could I just keep my thousand scishow bucks I suppose that's true if you just didn't play right now you would have a thousand points at the end of the game but then I could also not play right now and then we just bejust time and we and then we can skip right to the Daily Double part though we can skip all the all the stuff and just go straight to the thank you for watching whoever has the most points at the end of the game assuming we play the game win some prizes Stefan what can our contestants take home today thanks Michael just to let the folks at home know we choose the patrons that our contestants play for at random from all of our patreon patrons so if you support us on patreon at any level you could be the next person to be played for on the show for today though both faith and Kyle will be taking home signed cards from our final round with our contestants final guesses and wagers on them the winner will receive the I won scishow quiz show pin and the loser will receive the highly coveted I lost scishow quiz show pin but the winner will also take home some secret scishow swag from dftba calm back to you Michael round one is called rock bottom oh we do are we doing geology okay okay I'm so ready I hope this round is all about the stuff in the depth of the ocean okay starting with shipwrecks oh that much about oceans this this is shipwrecks are not rocks no they make ships out of not rock verification ships let's let's do it yeah there might be millions of sunken ships scattered around Earth's ocean floors and we've only discovered a tiny fraction of them they hold clues to human history but they also become part of the ocean ecosystem giving food and shelter to marine life one of the most famous wrecks is the RMS Titanic maybe you've heard of it which sunk in 1912 and was discovered by researchers in 1985 it was a huge deal for historians but also for scientists because researchers found an entirely new species living off the materials from the ship was it and an enemy a kind of bacteria a coral or a worm Leonardo DiCaprio I'm gonna say a worm you are incorrect ah well you know I tried so that's a minus a hundred points for Hank right guess cuz I'm also going to say a worm all right well I'm glad to know the world you did you lost the poison I didn't that's okay answer anyway though just try it you got a one in three chance uh uh whatever see was a coral yes you are also in car wait was it was it on an enemy white lose but was it was it a fish was it a dull first one was in an enemy so the second one the second one was a kind of bacteria we talk the correct area every third is like I could discover a new bacteria on my face this is nothing to do with rocks I was told this show could be about Brooke the answer is B a new kind of bacteria scientists discovered all of these creatures on the wreck of the Titanic but the only brand-new species was a bacterium which they called hey lemonis titanica the bacteria we're living with lots of cousins and rusticles which get their name because they look like rusty icicles sticking out from the hole of the ship they formed when these bacteria feed on the iron in the hole and then produce iron oxides also known as rust to create a cone-like structure that becomes home for lots of microbes between biological corrosion and normal chemical degradation some scientists think the Titanic shipwreck may only be there for a couple more decades before it's completely lost to the ocean okay alright keep moving along there are plenty of other places in the deep ocean that life can flourish hydrothermal vents for example or geothermally heated mineral-rich waters spew out from fissures in the ocean crust thanks to volcanic activity underneath there are different kinds of hydrothermal vents depending on what chemicals are in the water and they provide energy and nutrients to organisms like bacteria clams tube worms and crabs very similar communities live around other formations called cold seeps so what is a cold seep is it the chemical rich water seeping up from the ocean crust that is below zero degrees Celsius all weird chemical rich water seeping up from the ocean crust below negative 20 degrees Celsius large salt deposits seeping up into the water to form dense briny patches or hydrocarbon rich fluids seeping up slowly from the sea floor see uh correct I mean I'm done this is not my either of our areas ex-nun expertise I'm gonna go with a also in man a lot of points each I'm afraid the answer is d we're hydrocarbon rich fluids seep up slowly from the sea floor like hydrothermal vents cold seeps are home to extremophiles that thrive in the dark high-pressure environment of the deep sea these organisms get their energy from eating each other or from chemical reactions in a process called chemosynthesis cold seeps are also fissures in the sea crust but there's no volcanic activity underneath some of the chemicals that come out of hydrothermal vents like methane and other hydrocarbons also come out of cold seeps they just seep out at slower rates for longer periods of time instead of all explosively some dense salty brine pools can be considered cold seeps if they also have methane seeping up from the ocean crust to support chemosynthetic life the cold seeps aren't actually that much colder than the surrounding seawater they're just cold compared to the superhot hydrothermal vents I hear just left Caitlin then what episode of scishow quiz show does anyone ever actually know the answers it's just I guess the answers I mean if anything we both answered wrong for both questions so we're still equals we are you can we could still leave we could still leave anything Wiki we each got 800 scishow bucks the deep sea harbors a lot of strange looking life with bioluminescent organs huge spiky teeth and sometimes humongous bodies like that of the giant squid mm-hmm all squids have some unusual adaptations to help them eat like sharp beaks made of chitin and other tough proteins I know about squared some even have a tongue like organ with spiky teeth called a radula to help them grind food into even tinier pieces mm-hmm is really digging I love squids but if squids didn't break up their food and just swallowed huge chunks of it they would get very injured why is that is it because their esophagus would expand causing brain damage their esophagus would expand and block their gills from the inside their stomach enzymes would take too long to break down the food so they'd starve or their stomach would expand and put pressure on nearby hey their esophagus goes through their brain because their brain is a circle with a hole in the middle what really is thanks Greg the answer is a their esophagus would expand and give them brain damage squid brains are complex but they're tiny compared to their bodies their central brain is essentially a doughnut-shaped bundle of nervous tissue which is made up of cells like neurons and glia and it's protected by a casing made of cartilage like protein it's really close to their beak so their esophagus actually runs through this doughnut shaped brain if a squid swallowed huge chunks of food their expanding esophagus would squeeze against all that nervous tissue and probably damage the cells which wouldn't be so great for the squid so some people say we could chew our food a little more than we do but if you're a squid not chewing your food could be deadly we are moving on to round two the science of art oh because art actually involves a whole lot of chemistry sure you studied chemistry did you studied chemistry a little bit the colorful part of paints and dyes called the pigment is basically any chemical substance that changes the wavelength of reflected light and that you see that's how red pigments can make a fabric or canvas appear red and before we knew how to synthesize safe colorful pigments artists had to use more creative methods grinding up lapis lazuli rocks for example made a rich ultramarine blue pigment while white lead produced a bright white but toxic paint I was really hoping the question was going to be about white lead because I know about that one that's pretty much all I know some pigments though had much weirder origins which of the following methods is fake grinding up mummified bodies to make the pigment mummy Brown feeding cows mango leaves and collecting their urine to make Indian yellow yeah I bet that would work boiling sea snails to make teary and purple or drying out elephant blood to make dragon's blood so I Tyrion like Tyrion Lannister oh you got first the dragon's blood ones what I was gonna go for well you are just really correct about that oh yes I got one right the answer is d drying out elephant blood to make dragon's blood dragon's blood is an awesome name for a bright red pigment but it's not actually made from blood dragon or elephant instead it's made from the sticky organic resin of several different types of trees depending on who you ask some people collect the red resin from the damaged branches of certain trees in the genus Dracena which are mostly native to Africa or southern Asia others gather the red resin surrounding the unripe fruit from some trees in the genus de monterrey opps also known as rattan palms which are mostly found in Southeast Asia the other three pigments in fact were really made from mummies undernourished cow pee and sea snails that's two points for Kaylin Salem two uh second round or 200 points our pigments aren't the only important component of paint you also need a chemical binder so that the color can be spread around and dry properly and different kinds of paints use different binders acrylic paint for example was only developed around the 1940s and it uses plastic polymers as a binder oil paint as you might guess generally includes plant-based oils but back in the 14th century quick drying tempera paint was all the rage with artists nowadays tempera paints tend to have a water-soluble glue or gum base as a binder but back then it was commonly manufactured with a natural binder that might seem weird to us now hmm was it sour milk bacon fat egg yolks or caramelized sugar I mean we had eggs and egg proteins are a good sticky thing so I'm gonna go with egg yolks hey green you are correct yes for 200 points the answer is C egg yolks egg tempera used to be the go to paint for illuminated manuscripts and wooden panels and was typically made out of egg yolks pigment and a little water egg yolks are made up of a lot of lipids which are similar to the lipids used as binders in oil paints called drying oils and a drying oil is one that hardens into a tough film after being exposed to the air see the fatty acids in drying oils and an egg yolk are mostly unsaturated which means they have double bonds between some of the carbon atoms these double bonds let the lipids react with oxygen in the air so they polymerize to form a tangled Network and lock the pigment in place egg tempera recipes varied but most of them told you to get rid of the egg whites because all the water now human proteins would change the consistency of the paint I hate whenever I make scrambled eggs and like the whites get all over your hands yeah you can't get it off good oh it's a good water-soluble binder I'll just get some egg whites hey I actually thought for the thing that people used to do is they would do to make their Mohawks with egg whites I step behind a kid in Spanish class that did that it's must've smelled real good glassblowing is usually thought of as an art form to create colorful intricate sculptures but it's also really important for scientific research because the glassware in chemistry labs has to come from somewhere we have glassblowing to thank for things like light bulbs and the tubes and early radios and televisions some early experiments with electricity can be traced back to the scientific glassblower and physicist Heinrich Geissler back in the mid 1800s he created Geissler tubes which are glass tubes with the electrodes at either end all those yes were open neon signs you see in store windows are based on Geissler tubes but what work Geissler tubes originally used for was it gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry to study the effect of a magnetic field on gases or to study the effect of electrical current on gases ion spectrometry that is incorrect I'm gonna go with last me I'm gonna go with gas spectrometry that is also a trauma tree at all the answer is D to study the effect of electrical current on gases Geissler tubes more generally called gas discharge tubes were used to study what happened if you apply electrical currents to different gases and that's how all kinds of lights work like neon signs fluorescent bulbs and those asthma globes basically if the voltage across a glass tube is high enough some electrons will have enough energy to escape the atoms of gas creating charged ions this keeps the current flow all the electrons will stick with their atoms but jump to a higher energy unstable excited state to become stable again this electron releases a photon with all that extra energy which we see as visible colored light atoms of different elements can release different photons of light depending on their arrangement of electrons neon gas for example tends to glow reddish orange lots of other researchers built off guys loose technology which led to things like the cathode ray tube experiment and the discovery of the electron so we've finally reached our final round during which our contestants have an opportunity to bet some or all of their points on the correctness of their answer to the next question Hank you have 900 points Caitlin you have 800 points I can tell you right now that the topic of our next question is medicine that was actually just toxic hmm so place your bets and we'll be right back after these commercial messages welcome back from what might have been a commercial I think usually when we put those in that just fades out and fades out back in anyway um these days we're pretty good at turning toxins into medicine isolating compounds from toxic plants or animal Venom's that are helpful in really small doses yeah but we didn't always know what we were doing with that around the 17th and 18th centuries people believed that good health came from a proper balance of bodily fluids called humors if you were sick or just wanted to stay disease-free you would purge fluids from your body to balance the humors and get rid of any toxins sometimes this meant ingesting chemicals that caused violent vomiting and bowel emptying one such medicinal accident was something called the everlasting pill which they would swallow poop out and then reuse delicious so what was the everlasting pill made of oh man it was like a like a really crazy Willy Wonka idea right here I'm sorry use the stuff man was it a lump of antimony a metalloid ooh a chunk of cinnabar a mercury sulfide mineral a bezoar a hardened mass of undigested calcium hair and other junk from goat intestines or a piece of unicorn horn which was actually just a narwhal tooth none of those things do you want to put inside of you okay you guys ready mm-hmm reveal your answers I'm not sure Hank you are correct the answer is a a lump of antimony this everlasting pill was actually just a lump of mostly pure antimony it's toxic to humans so swallowing an antimony pill makes your body want to purge everything some people including the British explorer Captain James Cook owned antimony cups which worked similarly people will leave wine in the cup overnight to let some of the antimony dissolve and then drink this sweating vomiting diarrhea causing liquid to feel all refreshed specifically the tartaric acid in the wine would react with the antimony in the cup to form antimony potassium tartrate which is also called a medic tartar emetic means something that makes you vomit by the 1900's though people seem to realize that there were safer laxatives out there so these toxic antimony pills and cups became a thing of the past as for the other options cinnabar is a toxic red mineral but was mostly just used for pigment jewelry or as a mercury or Azores and narwhal teeth on the other hand were thought to protect people from poisons like arsenic and therefore wine but they didn't really have any effect one point slow Caitlin I mean there would actually be a rocky points oh dear one loser for this game wish me know those two losers it's also mr. dark so congratulations Hank and faith McNichol sorry Caitlin and Kyle dark I tell you what the presents are pretty much exactly the same yeah yeah everybody's a winner here because yeah bright cuz let's try to try again I don't know what I'm gonna say um you know what I know about these antimony fells which is that they would pass them down from generation to generation so you'd be pooping out the same rock that your grandpa did oh it's an heirloom well thank you for watching this episode of scishow quiz show if you'd like to see more of Caitlyn you can find her at Kate tectonics youtube.com slash Kate tectonics if you'd like to see more of Hank you can find him in a many many places on the Internet my name is Hank green you can google me that's why I say to people and they're like so what do you do for a living I just say my name is Hank green you can google me and then I'll walk away ok if you'd like to see more content like this you can help us make it at patreon.com/scishow and don't forget to go to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe so hosts vs. hosts did we put a bunch of X such persons in there cuz I'm not gonna do well even if I don't do well that does

Channel: SciShow

Views: 204,913

Rating: 4.9481316 out of 5

Keywords: SciShow, science, Hank, Green, education, learn, Michael Aranda, Quiz Show, Katelyn Salem, katetectonics

Id: bOLaWKQFEYE

Length: 19min 58sec (1198 seconds)

Published: Wed Nov 02 2016

Reddit Comments

[u/AtomicFreeze]

Go watch Kate Tectonics! Only the first episode is up, but it looks really good so far.