Revenge Of The 1972 Munich Olympics

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they're the people you thought you knew as the people no more about the all-new biography channel step out of your life and into the lives of movie stars and moguls from the most dramatic on-screen performances - the untold drama of their lives every night which is live another life movies biographies and documentary 24 hours a day the biography channel call your cable operator or satellite provider [Music] have you ever dreamed of exploring another world [Music] could you witness something new foosh boundaries reach for your greatest hope the experience of every generation is yours on the History Channel where the past comes alive [Music] hello I'm Arthur Kent welcome to history undercover the nightmare of modern terror in the Middle East took a shocking and radical turn in 1972 more than a thousand miles from the Holy Land radical Palestinians unable to achieve their goals through war or diplomacy massacred Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics the assault was carried out on the world stage with nearly a billion people watching on television what the world didn't see was the Israeli response our program reveals how Israel unleashed an elite team dedicated to revenge whatever the cost join us as history undercover presents revenge nearly every day on television and in newspapers we witness a blood feud between Israelis and Palestinians that has continued for decades two peoples with roots in the same land locked in an ancient ritual of vengeance an eye for an eye [Music] it was the late 1960s when this cycle of violence began to escalate after Israel soundly defeated the Arab coalition in the 1967 war Palestinian militant groups turned to increasingly spectacular acts of terror to get world attention Israel countered with increasingly forceful measures against them but for both 1972 would be a turning point on May 5th of that year a group of militant Palestinians hijacked Sabena flight 571 and landed it in the heart of Israel load airport in Tel Aviv the Savina captain relayed the terrorists demands that 317 Palestinians be released from Israeli prisons or they would kill everyone on board Israel's policy was never to negotiate with terrorists and never to back down prime minister Golda Meir ordered an assault on the aircraft led by future Israeli prime minister a who Barak disguised his mechanics Barak and his teams snuck up on the plane and stormed it in 90 seconds before we stoned it killed 2 of the tourists and captured the others as relieved passengers celebrated this successful raid Israelis questioned that captured terrorists they admitted they were members of a new Palestinian militant group with shadowy links to the Palestine Liberation Organization called Black September the man who'd ordered the hijacking they said was one of its leaders Ali Hassan Salameh only two weeks later his name came up again in connection with a bloody massacre that left 24 dead 78 wounded at the same airport and Israel had not heard the last of Salama or black September after that they realized they can't hijack Israeli planes if they go to Israel with somebody else's plane and try to extort something there they'll be killed so they figured that go somewhere else somewhere the whole world would be watching the 1972 Munich Olympics [Music] the crowd on their feet here [Music] [Applause] these Olympic Games which opened on August 26 were billed by their German hosts as a showcase for international peace and cooperation a place where politics could be set aside and individual athletes could mingle freely this seemed like a good idea to the 27 year old fencing coach on the Israeli team andre spitzer he even stopped to talk to some arab athletes on the lebanese delegation his wife Anki thought he was being naive I said your mind you know these are the Lebanese you know it's dangerous and he said no uncle this is not dangerous this is what the Olympics are all about that's why I'm here this I can do here I hear there are no borders that we have no enemies here that's what Spitzer thought when he made what would be his last call to his wife from a payphone in the Olympic Village it was September 4th 1972 and he talked very quickly and he said 20 more if any 10 more fennec and I love you and and that was it and I did not realize them that these were the last words that I would ever hear from him that night eight Palestinians in track suits and ski masks broke into the quarters of the Israeli athletes carrying ak-47s in their gym bags at seven o'clock in the morning my parents came to my room and they said to me well you should know that we just heard on the radio that Arab terrorists or Palestine they didn't know there were Palestinians Arab terrorists just came into the village and they are keeping a number of Israelis hostage if I were to guess at the moment at which of the commando organizations this group is to come from I'd be most likely to neither lien on a group called Black September I was a reporter based in Lebanon and if you were an American reporter working for American News Agency and maybe you knew all the characters because the Palestinians were very open about what they were about many of the things they were trying to accomplish and so we knew some of the players didn't always know what they were doing and God knows what they were going to do it was black September and they had taken eleven members of the Israeli team hostage by the time police arrived on the scene they had already murdered one of them boxing coach Moshe Weinberg they threw his body out the front door then they issued their demands the terrorists demanded the release of 234 prisoners who were being held in Israeli jails and also some who are being held abroad but Golda Meir would have would have none of it she just rejected their demands outright instead Israeli prime minister Golda Meir sent two officials to Germany one of them the head of Israeli intelligence Mossad his name was visa Meir he intended to help the Germans deal with the volatile situation at the Olympic Village we were the first to train with Germany although it had no anti-terrorism units wouldn't accept any Israeli assistance instead local government officials tried stalling the Black September gunmen until they could come up with a way out they kept the kidnappers dangling by telling them Israel was considering their demands every couple of hours the Palestinian terrorists they they set an ultimatum and then the ultimatum would be postponed till three o'clock and then it would be postponed till five o'clock so it was like dying every time a little bit you know because I'm feeling that maybe now it's going to happen by 5 p.m. the Palestinians demanded an airplane to take them and their remaining hostages to an unspecified Arab country the Germans agreed counting on ambushing the terrorists at the airfield when the German said we should deal with it that the German authorities transported the terrorists and their hostages to the fürstenfeldbruck airfield but only nine Israelis made the trip the terrorists had killed another Israeli athlete in the room I quite frankly thought at the beginning they'd work it out somehow Palestinians would get out of the country and the Israelis would be released but when they took off first in the buses underground and then the helicopters that not going to fürstenfeldbruck I don't think any of us thought it was going to end the way it did more that the Germans were as he'll prepared as they turned out to be at the airfield German police had set up a decoy airplane to lure the terrorists into the line of their sniper fire but the Palestinians immediately realized it was a trap and it all went horribly wrong it degenerated into a battle and the hostages were in the middle of this they were manacled and shackled in the in the back of the helicopters and all this time the two Israelis who come over to try and help the rescue operation were standing there watching this and the impotent really they were they were powerless to it to do anything because the battle had begun in a chaotic gunfight German snipers took out five of the terrorists Zamir who had arrived in Munich just a few hours before watched helplessly as the Palestinian gunmen before they went down murdered the Israeli athletes shackled in a helicopters hand grenade fire to the helicopters and they and fire started in immediately after the fire but it was it was too late 24 hours after the ordeal had begun all the Israeli hostages five of the eight terrorists and one German policeman were dead three surviving terrorists were in police custody there were 11 hostages two were killed in their room nine were killed at the airport tonight they're all gone it was stunning just stunning and very hard to believe on the afternoon of September 6th the murdered athletes were honored in a memorial service in the Olympic Stadium afterward Anki Spitzer who'd come to Munich to claim her husband's body insisted on going to the room where her husband had been held I just looked there and I said to myself if this is where ombré spent his last 21 hours you know a guy who really loved life and who and who loved the Olympics and the idea behind two Olympic if this is what they did to him if he had to sit here 21 hours looking at one of his teammates being tortured I said somebody is going to pay for it Golda Meir's government was going to make sure a lot of people paid for it and in avenging Munich Israel would adopt the ways of its enemies it would go beyond its borders to neutral countries bringing terror to the terrorists [Music] the murder of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics had taken Middle East violence to a new level as the relatives of the Munich victims gathered to bury their dead the government of Israel plotted revenge I think it was a great shock it was a great shock because it showed you what kind of lack of inhibition lack of any moral constraints this terror had it was if it was supposed to break our morale it didn't in Jerusalem prime minister Golda Meir told Parliament that the Israelis would go after the terrorists responsible and said we will smite them wherever they may be and she called all the families together we had seven widows and 14 orphans and she promised us that anyone who was connected to this terror attack would be hunted down and would be brought to justice at first this justice looked like previous skirmishes but on a much larger scale three days after the munich attacks the Israeli Air Force launched simultaneous airstrikes on at least ten PLO bases in Syria and Lebanon eight days later Israeli forces destroyed more than a hundred and thirty houses in Lebanon owned by families suspected of harboring Palestinian militants hundreds of civilians were killed but this military response didn't seem enough Ezreal wanted a more targeted approach this time because the the attack at munich was seen as such an atrocity by the israeli people and by the israeli government that they decided eventually to form an assassination squad which would hunt down and assassinate leading members of the group which was responsible for the attack and also other leading members within the PLO in the weeks following Munich Golda Meir's advisors on terrorism gathered to devise another plan for revenge targeted assassinations general our Anya Reeve who died in 1994 was a member of the group which became known as I mean Kingdom to be honest yes this was actually not a typical response not a typical Israeli response to terrorism because hitherto the Israeli response to terrorism was to go after the regime that harbored the terrorists in Lebanon there was no government so to speak so these were didn't have at the time an address of a regime as a result to try to forget the terrorists themselves six weeks after the Munich Olympics Mayor was persuaded by her advisors on committee X to authorize the assassination campaign they called it operation wrath of God if she had any lingering doubts they were erased by events on Sunday October 29th on that day a left Hansa Boeing 727 was hijacked by two Palestinians enroute from Damascus to Frankfurt the hijackers demanded and got the immediate release of the three surviving Munich terrorists in prison in Germany the three terrorists celebrated their freedom with a press conference we understand now that the Germans did it deal with the Palestinians whereby Stinney ins hijacked a Lufthansa jet and held the the passengers hostage on the understanding and on the condition that the remaining three terrorists who've been involved in the Munich attack would be released the Israelis were outraged it was clear to them that if those who planned and carried out the attack at Munich were ever going to pay for what they did only Israel could extract that payment operation wrath of God would be the instrument of its revenge that was the first time I think in the history of Israel maybe in the history of the world that the state decided to pursue a policy of personal killing in a systematic way because launching an assassination campaign is is completely illegal under international law I mean there was nothing really to justify in that sense but Israel was a young country many of the leading members of the government had been involved in in groups that we now describe as being terrorists so they had this sort of guerilla warfare mentality and they applied that to the formation of operation wrath of God as it became known committee Ex drafted a secret hit list of Black September leaders it's still not known precisely how many names were on that list some reports say as many as 20 and the committee was headed by the prime minister Golda Meir defense minister Moshe Dayan in the Foreign Minister Egan alone and the committee acted basically as a tribunal as a judiciary tribunal like a court the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad supplied the committee with dossiers on the members of Black September number one on the list was Ali Hassan Salameh he was really a protege of Yasser Arafat yes I refer publicly declared him to be his son in inverted commas and he was really something of an aristocratic hero within the Palestinian among the Palestinian people to Mossad salamé was the operations chief of black September and the mastermind behind Munich he was also the man behind the may 1972 Sabena hijacking and a massacre at Tel Aviv's load Airport that same month for all his bloody activities Mossad dubbed him the red prince now Mossad had a message for him and the other members of Black September that if you kill us if you dare attacking Israelis when we go after you even to the end of the world we will find you we make you find the shelter you may escape but eventually the long arm of Israel [Music] within weeks of Munich operation wrath of God was underway agents of Israel's revenge fanned out across Europe and the Middle East their first victims would be targets of opportunity wherever they could be found avenging Munich began in mid-october 1972 in Rome six weeks after 11 Israeli athletes were killed at the Olympics the first target the secret assassination squad could locate was a man they believe to be the Black September operative in Rome who may have helped set up the Munich attack his name was wilds fighter and he worked as a translator at the Libyan embassy he had no idea the Israelis were coming for him he ate dinner that night with a friend and walked home to his apartment block he stopped off to buy some groceries made a couple of phone calls and then walked into the the entrance hall where he lived went to Israeli agents emerged from shadows and shot him with them small caliber pistols over the next six months agents of Mossad hunted down and killed three other Palestinians in European cities all of whom Mossad believed had been either directly or indirectly involved in the Black September attack on Munich part of the brief that was given to the leaders of the assassination campaign was that they had to UM turn the terror on the terrorists they came up with quite intricate sophisticated ways of killing people including bombs that were detonated by telephone calls they put landmines under car and under somebody's car seat they blew people up in their hotel bed the PLO at that time all who have relationship to the PLO and their offices to be on the alert because they're expecting that Israel what carry such terrorist operation although Israel was suspected of being behind these assassinations there was no evidence however someone would make certain that the widows of the athletes knew what was going on I would get the phone call and I had no idea would was and they would say listen to the news at 10 o'clock why because you know and luck and then I would turn on the radio listen to the news and then I would hear you know that this guy or this person who was connected to to the Munich Massacre you know was being eliminated liquidated assassinated whatever you want to call it and I would take it as a as a fact by spring 1973 Israel planned a mission that would strike fear in the heart of Black September and the PLO Beirut at the time of course Beirut wasn't like Europe it was an armed city where they would have been quite prepared to attack and kill any Israelis any Israeli soldiers that they saw but these soldiers would not be seen the gunmen on the other hits had been Mossad agents but for this operation Mossad would enlist an elite Israeli special force known simply as the unit yahood barach was in charge we can do whatever we want or whatever we we need there's the scalpel and there's a sledgehammer the sledgehammer 'he's the screws missiles and the air force coming in and laying down carpet of bombs the the unit is a scalpel and this operation was definitely a surgical strike Mossad learned that three important targets lived in the same apartment block on the roof er done these weren't the young men that had killed the Israelis at Munich but the men who had issued their orders they were the minds behind the operation they these people were senior operators of the PLO and the black September they were the planners they were the military commanders and they were very very close to Yasser Arafat they were black September's Kamal Adwan PLO spokesman Kamal Nasser and most importantly Black September chief strategist Yusuf Nizam I heard Barak turned up at the the commandos base and slapped down on the table the three photographs of the individuals they were going to target and people who were there have said this murmur of anticipation ran through the room I told him these other guys they try to photograph their faces we are going to go and find them as the unit trained to go out and find them they realized that a gang of young men moving through the streets of Beirut might look threatening they decided to disguise themselves as couples on a date Barack was a brunette long kind of widening widening thousand elegant is a kid but with a brunette hair and everything in place the idea is show the people something very unthreatening they won't even notice it and you can walk right by even a police officer as they did in this case in the early hours of April 10th 1973 the unit anchored their speedboats off the coast of Lebanon and rode zodiac inflatables ashore they were met by waiting cars with the Mossad agents behind the wheel and then they drove them through Beirut through the city through traffic the agents from the Mossad had found out where they lived and had even gotten blueprints of the houses the apartment the apartments where they were living right outside of Beirut now the original planning that we had is that everyone will reach the door of the apartment we'll put on it certainly spatially explosive charge that we shaped to a I put dope and I will count five four three two one zero and everyone will explode together and we will enter simultaneously at one forty two in the morning three Israeli teams were ready at the doors of the three apartments within a few seconds that was between 10:00 to 12:00 commanders in our apartment they were shooting all over the place at the walls at the doors back in those days when gunmen burst into their bedroom use of measures wife threw her body in front of her husband's die I still hear very vividly my father said you have killed there it kills their you dogs then he fell maybe 30 to 40 seconds after my mother fell to the ground within minutes all three targets were dead the hit teams ran into the street and into a firefight with Lebanese police it was a very dramatic scene because he had these Israeli commandos who were dressed in in women's clothing with blonde wigs and so on and in wearing dresses were firing with submachine guns these police officers while barracks teams sped back to the rendezvous point other Israeli teams were creating diversions elsewhere in Beirut one blew up the headquarters of the popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine other backup teams made sure no one followed them it took us the whole operation from the time we lend it to the time we were back in the system 30 minutes by the time the Sun rose over Beirut Baraka and his men were already back in Israel in their wake they left devastation the Israelis assassinated three Palestinian leaders who all lived in this one apartment building altogether they killed or injured as many as 40 Lebanese and Palestinians I remember the town was in shock when they invaded Beirut itself and in the dead of night just stitch these guys in their apartments a sense of vulnerability was modest but the Israelis could do what they want if the Tehri can come to Bangkok and to type to Paris and to Rome there is no reason to believe that we are not able to come to any place in the world it was now clear to the world that Israel was on a path of vengeance what wasn't known of course was who would be the next target in the years since the Munich Olympic massacre Israel's operation wrath of God had taken out at least nine targets on Golda Meir's hit list none of them the three terrorists who had survived Munich yet Mossad was after bigger game Palestinian leaders who they believed were directly or indirectly involved in planning Munich especially those who might plan and execute another attack in those days Mossad was admired for its ability to get the job done and they made sure they did the right thing which was another thing that people respected them for that they rarely have ever made mistakes because they were careful yet the most important target of the Israeli hit teams and the most elusive was still at large Ali Hassan Salameh also known as the Red Prince he was the man Israeli intelligence believed to be the architect of Munich the Israelis were so keen to assassinate Ali Hassan Salameh that they searched all over Europe for him the lecture where he was based or even really sure what he looked like at the time it was very cautious and careful and moved from one place to another never never stayed at the same place it was a very very difficult time [Music] Mossad agents would pick up traces of salami throughout Europe but then the leads would run cold but on July 14 1973 Mossad got a tip that a low-level PLO courier who had been traveling through Scandinavia had a scheduled rendezvous with the Red Prince agents followed the courier to a tiny town in Norway named Lillehammer a hundred and ten miles north of Oslo five days after Mossad received the information 14 members of an Israeli hit team converged on the tiny village the Israeli agents had false identities false papers they had cars safe houses and of course they had two assassins who were to actually conduct the operation after scouring the town Israeli agents spotted the courier in a tiny cafe when another Arab man joined him agents compared his face to a grainy photo of salami he was there man for two days they did not let the red prints out of their sight they even followed him into the swimming baths and somebody climbed into the water to swim close to him and thought they heard her overheard him speaking in French which he was thought to have spoken and then thus decided that he was their target there was however a junior member of the Israeli team who had her doubts Maryann glad Nicole did not think the man she was following all over this tiny town was the one in the photo she was overruled the people in charge of the operation including civies Amir the head of the Mossad because they were so anxious to kill Ali Hassan Salameh they said no you are wrong we are right and they and they gave the orders and the assassination team moved in on the night of the 21st agents trailed their target and his female companion after they went to a movie they boarded a bus heading for the outskirts of town at the foo rubican gate stop the couple got off and made their way up the deserted street here's where the agents made their move at 10:35 p.m. the agents fired 14 shots at close range the woman screamed as the mastermind of Manik fell to the ground salamé was dead the agents who made the hit were exhilarated as they left the scene but junior members of their backup team made a fatal error as they sped out of town a lone Lillehammer policeman took down the license plate number of their car the morning after the murder they drove the same car to the Oslo Airport their Norwegian police arrested them after the license plate number was broadcast over the radio in connection with the murder their escape route should have been perfect and it would go as an unexplained murder but that didn't happen the two agents led police to - Mossad safe houses in Oslo where four more agents were arrested one of the agents was Dan Erbil who turned out to have serious claustrophobia the Norwegian police did not know it they did not know it they simply put him in an underground cell and once he was in the cell he told the the police officers please take me out of it I cannot stand it he started offering to talk when he was given the chance of a larger cell so he started spilling the beans on on this Israeli operation Erbil not only confessed to being an agent of Mossad but under questioning confirmed what European police had long suspected the existence of operation wrath of God and it led to the discovery of several Israeli safe houses across Europe and really it led to massive international embarrassment for Israel as a whole protests against Israel's policy broke out all over Europe as bad as this was the team had made a bigger mistake the man they left dying by the side of the road was not Ali Hassan Salameh it was Ahmed bushi key the Moroccan waiter who lived in this modest apartment building rode his bicycle to work and was killed coming home from a movie with his pregnant wife Turan I remember some disagreement within the operational team as to whether they had the right guy and when you have a team that is that expert and that skilled and that well-trained when there is disagreement from one of those expert well-trained people history has shown us you ought to listen in the aftermath of Lillehammer five of the six Israeli agents were convicted and imprisoned none served more than twenty-one months too many this was evidence that European governments quietly condoned the actions of the Israeli hit teams Israel did not express regret about the bushi key murder until 1996 and although payments were made to bushi Keyes wife and son Israel would never officially admit having committed this murder yet the mistake would leave Mossad reeling in Lillehammer Golda Meir's worst fears had been realized the murder in Lillehammer was seen as such as disaster for Israeli intelligence that go to my ear and the Israeli government decided to suspend operation wrath of God and put a halt put a hold on future assassination operations Mossad hit teams would lie dormant for five years but Munich and the red prince would not be forgotten in 1974 when Yasser Arafat was invited to address the United Nations General Assembly Israel was stunned it was only two years after the Munich Massacre and standing right behind Arafat also basking in the international spotlight was the man Israeli intelligence considered the architect of Munich Ali Hassan Salameh even after the debacle at Lillehammer Israeli intelligence officials didn't forget Ali Hassan Salameh he was one of the accounts that hadn't been closed one of the munich accounts that hadn't been closed and had to be closed before munich by the mid-1970s salami was hiding in war-torn beirut and at the same time Mossad was hunting him down the CIA was courting him Sam Wyman was Salah meas CIA contact in Beirut and was aware of Salah Mays connection with Munich some people will say that Ali Hassan was the principal planner I don't know I think he was probably the more operational planner if you will but that's what I knew and accepted saying I mean within intelligence circles we knew it but we never talked about it he knew I knew I knew he knew I knew it was understood between us that he was a marked man in 1978 five years after operation wrath of God was suspended due to the botched operation in Norway Mossad finally zeroed in on salami in Beirut to get him the hit teams would go active once more salami now had two sons and two wives in Beirut the second a former Miss Universe when he wasn't doing his duties as a family man salami was working at the headquarters of the militant wing of the PLO Fatah he had lowered his guard he was following a pretty regular daily routine the Israeli agents soon realized from surveillance where he was living and where he would work and people he would visit every afternoon at the same time salami and his bodyguards left his apartment building in a beat-up Chevy station wagon and took the same route to the Fatah office he relaxed I mean how long do you keep that up he didn't get a facelift he didn't our face change he didn't you know cut his hair off or anything else that he didn't change himself which one would do if one was gonna go completely to ground in November 1978 a woman with an English accent moved into the top floor of this Beirut apartment building surrounded by cats she spent her days on this terrace painting Street sings or so the neighbors thought it also gave her the opportunity to monitor the streets and look for Ali Hassan Ali Hassan Salameh scar and his bodyguards as they traveled through the city one afternoon in January 1979 as the woman watched the street below Salome's car passed apart VW Bug that Israeli agents had packed with a hundred pounds of explosives [Music] when the smoke cleared the Carly destroyed in the middle of the street inside 38 year-old Ali Hassan Salameh the man who the Israelis considered responsible for Munich was fatally wounded a shard of metal in his brain the bomb had been set off by the woman on the balcony a Mossad agent who disappeared soon after Salameh was seen as almost an aristocrat within the Palestinian community he was he was revered by many people idolized by many others and his death came as a huge shock to to Palestinians he had a huge funeral Yasser Arafat shed tears and hugs Ali Hassan Salameh his young son and really was visibly moved and deeply upset by the attack and I think it's still something he's probably upset about to this day [Music] the Israelis who live like contrast of course were completely delighted about his death and celebrated the fact that they'd finally managed to kill him it was seven years in the making but Israel felt it had finally avenged Munich and it's 11 slain athletes they had taken out ten prominent Palestinians who were believed to be directly or indirectly responsible for the Munich attack including the red prince two of the three terrorists who survived Munich were also reported killed in the late 70s one while hiding in Lebanon the other in an unnamed Gulf State there's only one surviving terrorist who was involved in the actual attacker meaning that's a man called jamal al kashi who still lives in hiding now he still lives in fear of his life and things the Israelis may try to assassinate him Munich may be avenged but the targeted killings have continued on both sides the Masada has never stopped and sees its operations against policy Israeli officials have not been shy about saying that they now consider assassination a legitimate tool of national security the immediate and direct result to us more determination to resistance range here so far 10 Israelis dead more than 200 injured what defines terrorism is the deliberate and systematic attack on innocent people civilians children babies what defines a legitimate military action is to go after the terrorists themselves I think the legacy of Munich for the Palestinians is that they were forever identified as being terrorists or perpetrators of terrorist attacks this is really something that stalks their image in the world to this day there is simply no doubt that Munich took the whole confrontation between the Israelis and the Palestinians up another notch and it's Ghana it seems to me a notch every year since - here we are at the beginning of the new century and you know the Israelis the costumes are calculatingly killing each others identifiable characters on the streets of the Palestinian territories and Israel in its own [Music] [Music] in 1999 a film crew accomplished something that even the Mossad was unable to do they located the only surviving Munich terrorist jamal al gushy and convinced him to sit down for an interview the Palestinian expressed pride in what he and his accomplices did at Munich Olga she is reportedly hiding somewhere in Africa for the History Channel I'm Arthur Kent thanks for watching [Music] [Music] [Music] you

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Channel: Israel Documentary Channel

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Length: 46min 21sec (2781 seconds)

Published: Tue Sep 13 2016

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